Rhombohedral-phase NiS micro/nanorods were synthesized on a large scale through a hydrothermal method using NiCl2·6H2O and thiourea crystals as starting precursors. Recrystallized thiourea was observed to play an...Rhombohedral-phase NiS micro/nanorods were synthesized on a large scale through a hydrothermal method using NiCl2·6H2O and thiourea crystals as starting precursors. Recrystallized thiourea was observed to play an important role in the formation of mi- cro/nanosized rods and flower-like structures. The molar ratio and reaction temperature of the precursors influenced the morphology and phase of NiS products. Pure rhombohedral NiS micro/nanorods were obtained on a large scale when the molar ratio between NiCl2·6H2O and thiourea crystals was fixed at 2：1, and the mixture was heated at 250℃ for 5 h. Flower-like NiS nanostructures were formed when the molar ratio between NiCl2·6H2O and thiourea crystals was maintained at 1：1. The Raman and Fourier-transform infrared （FTIR） spectra of the as-prepared rhombohedral NiS micro/nanorods were collected, and their magnetic properties were investigated. The results showed that the FTIR absorption peaks of the as-prepared product are located at 634 cm^-1 and their Raman peaks are located at 216 and 289 cm^-1; the as-prepared NiS micro/nanorods exhibited weak ferromagnetic behavior due to the size effect.展开更多
Because of tempting magnetic-dielectric synergies and interfacial effects,designing a simple and low-cost route for producing multidimensional carbon-based magnetic nanocomposites is very important for the development...Because of tempting magnetic-dielectric synergies and interfacial effects,designing a simple and low-cost route for producing multidimensional carbon-based magnetic nanocomposites is very important for the development of microwave absorbers(MAs).In this paper,a facile and propagable Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid chelate(NAC)derived strategy was proposed to selectively fabricate zero-dimensional(0D)/one-dimensional(1D)porous Ni/C magnetic heterostructured nanorods(MHNRs)consisting of 1D carbon nanorod,lots of pores and 0D Ni nanoparticles via a combined hydrothermal and thermally treated methods.The porous Ni/C MHNRs displayed the progressively improved Ni and C crystallinity by controlling the temperature,which resulted in the tunable electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties(MAPs).Additionally,0D/1D porous CoNi/C and Co/C MHNRs could be selectively produced through this strategy by adopting CoNi-NAC and Co-NAC as precursors.Benefiting from desirable interface and magnetic/dielectric synergies,the acquired 0D/1D porous Ni/C,CoNi/C and Co/C MHNRs presented excellent MAPs and certain corrosion resistance properties.In especial,Co/C MHNRs displayed a strong absorption capacity(−47.89 dB),an ultrawide effective absorption bandwidth(8.40 GHz)and small matching thicknesses(∼2 mm),which were a desirable candidate for MAs.Consequently,a facile,low-cost and propagable metal-NAC derived strategy was proposed to synthesize 0D/1D porous carbon-based MHNRs,which presented an alternative technique to develop lightweight efficient MAs.展开更多
Micro/nanoplastics(M/NPs)have become pervasive environmental pollutants,posing significant risks to human health through various exposure routes,including ingestion,inhalation,and direct contact.This review systematic...Micro/nanoplastics(M/NPs)have become pervasive environmental pollutants,posing significant risks to human health through various exposure routes,including ingestion,inhalation,and direct contact.This review systematically examined the potential impacts of M/NPs on ocular health,focusing on exposure pathways,toxicological mechanisms,and resultant damage to the eye.Ocular exposure to M/NPs can occur via direct contact and oral ingestion,with the latter potentially leading to the penetration of particles through ocular biological barriers into ocular tissues.The review highlighted that M/NPs can induce adverse effects on the ocular surface,elevate intraocular pressure,and cause abnormalities in the vitreous and retina.Mechanistically,oxidative stress and inflammation are central to M/NP-induced ocular damage,with smaller particles often exhibiting greater toxicity.Overall,this review underscored the potential risks of M/NPs to ocular health and emphasized the need for further research to elucidate exposure mechanisms,toxicological pathways,and mitigation strategies.展开更多
Micro silicon(mSi)is a promising anode candidate for all-solid-state batteries due to its high specific capacity,low side reactions,and high tap density.However,silicon suffers from its poor electronic and ionic condu...Micro silicon(mSi)is a promising anode candidate for all-solid-state batteries due to its high specific capacity,low side reactions,and high tap density.However,silicon suffers from its poor electronic and ionic conductivity,which is particularly severe on a micro scale and in solid-state systems,leading to increased polarization and inferior electrochemical performance.Doping can broaden the transmission pathways and reduce the diffusion energy barrier for electrons and lithium ions.However,achieving effective,uniform doping in mSi is challenging due to its longer diffusion paths and higher energy barriers.Therefore,current doping research is primarily limited to nanosilicon.In this study,we successfully used a Joule-heating activated staged thermal treatment to achieve full-depth doping of germanium(Ge)in the mSi substrate.The Joule-heating process activated the mSi substrate,resulting in abundant vacancy defects that reduced the diffusion barrier of Ge into the silicon lattice and facilitated full-depth Ge doping.Surprisingly,the resulting Si-Ge anode exhibited significantly enhanced electrical conductivity(70 times).Meanwhile,the improved Li-ion conductivity in mSi and the reduced Young’s modulus enhance the electrode reaction kinetics and integrity after cycling.Ge-doped silicon anodes demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance when applied in sulfide solid-state half-cells and full-cells.This work provides substantial insights into the rational structural design of mSi alloyed anode materials,paving the way for the development of high-performance solid-state Li-ion batteries.展开更多
Extreme cold weather seriously harms human thermoregulatory system,necessitating high-performance insulating garments to maintain body temperature.However,as the core insulating layer,advanced fibrous materials always...Extreme cold weather seriously harms human thermoregulatory system,necessitating high-performance insulating garments to maintain body temperature.However,as the core insulating layer,advanced fibrous materials always struggle to balance mechanical properties and thermal insulation,resulting in their inability to meet the demands for both washing resistance and personal protection.Herein,inspired by the natural spring-like structures of cucumber tendrils,a superelastic and washable micro/nanofibrous sponge(MNFS)based on biomimetic helical fibers is directly prepared utilizing multiple-jet electrospinning technology for high-performance thermal insulation.By regulating the conductivity of polyvinylidene fluoride solution,multiple-jet ejection and multiple-stage whipping of jets are achieved,and further control of phase separation rates enables the rapid solidification of jets to form spring-like helical fibers,which are directly entangled to assemble MNFS.The resulting MNFS exhibits superelasticity that can withstand large tensile strain(200%),1000 cyclic tensile or compression deformations,and retain good resilience even in liquid nitrogen(-196℃).Furthermore,the MNFS shows efficient thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity(24.85 mW m^(-1)K^(-1)),close to the value of dry air,and remains structural stability even after cyclic washing.This work offers new possibilities for advanced fibrous sponges in transportation,environmental,and energy applications.展开更多
Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2)...Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.展开更多
Mine filling materials urgently need to improve mechanical properties and achieve low-carbon transformation.This study explores the mechanism of the synergistic effect of optimizing aggregate fractal grading and intro...Mine filling materials urgently need to improve mechanical properties and achieve low-carbon transformation.This study explores the mechanism of the synergistic effect of optimizing aggregate fractal grading and introducing CO_(2)nanobubble technology to improve the performance of cement-fly ash-based backfill materials(CFB).The properties including fluidity,setting time,uniaxial compressive strength,elastic modulus,porosity,microstructure and CO_(2)storage performance were systematically studied through methods such as fluidity evaluation,time test,uniaxial compression test,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis(SEM-EDS),and thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG).The experimental results show that the density and strength of the material are significantly improved under the synergistic effect of fractal dimension and CO_(2)nanobubbles.When the fractal dimension reaches 2.65,the mass ratio of coarse and fine aggregates reaches the optimal balance,and the structural density is greatly improved at the same time.At this time,the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus reach their peak values,with increases of up to 13.46%and 27.47%,respectively.CO_(2)nanobubbles enhance the material properties by promoting hydration reaction and carbonization.At the microscopic level,CO_(2)nanobubble water promotes the formation of C-S-H(hydrated calcium silicate),C-A-S-H(hydrated calcium aluminium silicate)gel and CaCO_(3),which is the main way to enhance the performance.Thermogravimetric studies have shown that when the fractal dimension is 2.65,the dehydration of hydration products and the decarbonization process of CaCO_(3)are most obvious,and CO_(2)nanobubble water promotes the carbonization reaction,making it surpass the natural state.The CO_(2)sequestration quality of cement-fly ash-based materials treated with CO_(2)nanobubble water at different fractal dimensions increased by 12.4wt%to 99.8wt%.The results not only provide scientific insights for the design and implementation of low-carbon filling materials,but also provide a solid theoretical basis for strengthening green mining practices and promoting sustainable resource utilization.展开更多
Modern power systems increasingly depend on interconnected microgrids to enhance reliability and renewable energy utilization.However,the high penetration of intermittent renewable sources often causes frequency devia...Modern power systems increasingly depend on interconnected microgrids to enhance reliability and renewable energy utilization.However,the high penetration of intermittent renewable sources often causes frequency deviations,voltage fluctuations,and poor reactive power coordination,posing serious challenges to grid stability.Conventional Interconnection FlowControllers(IFCs)primarily regulate active power flowand fail to effectively handle dynamic frequency variations or reactive power sharing in multi-microgrid networks.To overcome these limitations,this study proposes an enhanced Interconnection Flow Controller(e-IFC)that integrates frequency response balancing and an Interconnection Reactive Power Flow Controller(IRFC)within a unified adaptive control structure.The proposed e-IFC is implemented and analyzed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory to evaluate its performance under various grid disturbances,including frequency drops,load changes,and reactive power fluctuations.Simulation results reveal that the e-IFC achieves 27.4% higher active power sharing accuracy,19.6% lower reactive power deviation,and 18.2% improved frequency stability compared to the conventional IFC.The adaptive controller ensures seamless transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes and maintains stable operation even under communication delays and data noise.Overall,the proposed e-IFCsignificantly enhances active-reactive power coordination and dynamic stability in renewable-integrated multi-microgrid systems.Future research will focus on coupling the e-IFC with tertiary-level optimization frameworks and conducting hardware-in-the-loop validation to enable its application in large-scale smart microgrid environments.展开更多
The doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst with different Eu contents were prepared by microwave assisted method and they were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ...The doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst with different Eu contents were prepared by microwave assisted method and they were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, UV-Vis spectroscopy, surface area Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The average crystallite size and band gap energy of Eu-doped ZnO were varied with the Eu content. The XRD pattern of Eu-doped ZnO indicated hexagonal crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 25 nm. The pres-ence of europium with trivalent state and its doping successfully into the crystal lattice of ZnO matrix were confirmed by XPS tech-nique. The photocatalytic activity of Eu-doped ZnO nanorods was evaluated for methyl orange degradation. The photocatalytic experi-ments showed^91%degradation of methyl orange over 0.2 mol.%Eu doped ZnO sample within 3 h under UV light （365 nm）.展开更多
Nanowires/nanorods of europium/terbium orthophosphate monohydrate with Eu^3＋ concentration of 6, 11, and 20 at.% were prepared by microwave synthesis method. The effects of Eu^3＋ doping concentration on structure, m...Nanowires/nanorods of europium/terbium orthophosphate monohydrate with Eu^3＋ concentration of 6, 11, and 20 at.% were prepared by microwave synthesis method. The effects of Eu^3＋ doping concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties of nanomaterials were also investigated. The results showed that, for all studied Eu^3＋ doping concentrations, a single-crystalline phase of rhabdophane-type （Eu,Tb）PO4·H2O nanowires/nanorods was obtained by using microwave heating of an aqueous solution of terbium（Ⅲ） nitrate, europium（Ⅲ） nitrate and NH4H2PO4 with pH=2. The length and width of these nanowires/nanorods ranged from 150 to 300 nm and from 10 to 50 nm, respectively. The evidence of energy transfer from Tb^3＋ to Eu^3＋ due to the energy overlap between the donor Tb^3＋ and the acceptor Eu^3＋was observed obviously via a significant enhancement in the luminescent intensity of Eu^3＋. Keywords：展开更多
Gallium-doped ZnO （GZO） nanorods were synthesized by microemulsion method with different types of surfactants. The phase and morphology of the above nanorods were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）...Gallium-doped ZnO （GZO） nanorods were synthesized by microemulsion method with different types of surfactants. The phase and morphology of the above nanorods were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. SEM observations show that the ZnO nanorods have diameters around 70-200 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. The room temperature photoluminescence （PL） spectrum of GZO nanorods exhibited a sharp and strong ultraviolet bandgap at 383 nm and a relatively weaker emission associated with the defect level. Resistivity of GZO nanorods synthesized with sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS） and sodium benzene sulfonate （SBS） surfactants showed 2.84 Ω m and 14.2 Ω m, respectively.展开更多
Aluminum doped ZnO(AZO) nanorods were synthesized by microemulsion method with different types of surfactants.The phase and the morphology of the above nanorods were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) a...Aluminum doped ZnO(AZO) nanorods were synthesized by microemulsion method with different types of surfactants.The phase and the morphology of the above nanorods were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).SEM observations showed that the ZnO nanorods had diameters around about 50—200 nm and lengths up to several micrometers.The CO gas sensing properties of the AZO nanorods were tested at operating temperatures of 200,300,350 and 400 ℃.It was found that AZO nanorods based sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity to CO at 350℃.展开更多
A large surface area with high active site exposure is desired for the nano-scaled electrocatalysts fabrica-tion.Herein,taking NiMoO_(4)nanorods for example,we demonstrated the advantages of the microwave-assisted hyd...A large surface area with high active site exposure is desired for the nano-scaled electrocatalysts fabrica-tion.Herein,taking NiMoO_(4)nanorods for example,we demonstrated the advantages of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method compared to the traditional hydrothermal approaches.Both monoclinic structured NiMoO_(4)in the nanorods morphology are found for these samples but it is more time-saving and efficient in the Ni-Mo synergism for the catalyst obtained by microwave-assisted hydrothermal syntheses method.When evaluated for urea oxidation,the current density can reach 130.79 mA/cm^(2)at 1.54 V,about 2.4 times higher than that of the counterpart catalyst(54.08 mA/cm^(2)).Moreover,largely improved catalytic stability,catalytic kinetics and rapid charge transfer ability are found on the catalyst obtained by the microwave-assisted approach.The high catalytic performance can be at-tributed to the high surface area and active site exposure of NiMoO_(4)nanorods formed by microwave irradiation.Considering the less time,facile synthesis condition and efficient components synergism,the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method might work better for the nanostructure electrocata-lysts fabrication.展开更多
Metal–organic framework-templated nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon(NGC)and polydopaminederived carbon(PDA-derived C)-double coated one-dimensional CoSe_(2) nanorods supported highly porous threedimensional microsphere...Metal–organic framework-templated nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon(NGC)and polydopaminederived carbon(PDA-derived C)-double coated one-dimensional CoSe_(2) nanorods supported highly porous threedimensional microspheres are introduced as anodes for excellent Na-ion batteries,particularly with long-lived cycle under carbonate-based electrolyte system.The microspheres uniformly composed of ZIF-67 polyhedrons and polystyrene nanobeads(φ=40 nm)are synthesized using the facile spray pyrolysis technique,followed by the selenization process(P-CoSe_(2)@NGC NR).Further,the PDA-derived C-coated microspheres are obtained using a solution-based coating approach and the subsequent carbonization process(P-CoSe_(2)@PDA-C NR).The rational synthesis approach benefited from the synergistic effects of dual carbon coating,resulting in a highly conductive and porous nanostructure that could facilitate rapid diffusion of charge species along with efficient electrolyte infiltration and effectively channelize the volume stress.Consequently,the prepared nanostructure exhibits extraordinary electrochemical performance,particularly the ultra-long cycle life stability.For instance,the advanced anode has a discharge capacity of 291(1000th cycle,average capacity decay of 0.017%)and 142 mAh g^(-1)(5000th cycle,average capacity decay of 0.011%)at a current density of 0.5 and 2.0 A g^(-1),respectively.展开更多
Pure ZnS and Ni^2+-doped ZnS nanorods (Zn1-xNixS, x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07, mole fraction,%) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effects of Ni2+ doping on the phase-structure, morphology, elemental comp...Pure ZnS and Ni^2+-doped ZnS nanorods (Zn1-xNixS, x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07, mole fraction,%) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effects of Ni2+ doping on the phase-structure, morphology, elemental composition and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Zn1-xNixS nanorods was evaluated by the photodegradation of organic dyes Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The results show that all samples exhibit wurtzite structure with good crystallization. The morphologies are one-dimensional nanorods with good dispersion, and the distortion of the lattice constant occurs. The band gap of Zn1-xNixS samples is smaller than that of pure ZnS, thus red shift occurs. Ni^2+-doped ZnS nanocrystals can enhance photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of RhB. Especially, Zn0.97Ni0.03S sample exhibits better photocatalytic performance and photocatalytic stability for the decomposition of RhB.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11305274 and 11304407)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing City, China (No. cstc.2011jja50005)
文摘Rhombohedral-phase NiS micro/nanorods were synthesized on a large scale through a hydrothermal method using NiCl2·6H2O and thiourea crystals as starting precursors. Recrystallized thiourea was observed to play an important role in the formation of mi- cro/nanosized rods and flower-like structures. The molar ratio and reaction temperature of the precursors influenced the morphology and phase of NiS products. Pure rhombohedral NiS micro/nanorods were obtained on a large scale when the molar ratio between NiCl2·6H2O and thiourea crystals was fixed at 2：1, and the mixture was heated at 250℃ for 5 h. Flower-like NiS nanostructures were formed when the molar ratio between NiCl2·6H2O and thiourea crystals was maintained at 1：1. The Raman and Fourier-transform infrared （FTIR） spectra of the as-prepared rhombohedral NiS micro/nanorods were collected, and their magnetic properties were investigated. The results showed that the FTIR absorption peaks of the as-prepared product are located at 634 cm^-1 and their Raman peaks are located at 216 and 289 cm^-1; the as-prepared NiS micro/nanorods exhibited weak ferromagnetic behavior due to the size effect.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62105076)the Innovation Group of Guizhou University(No.[2024]08)+2 种基金the Platform of Science and Technology and Talent Team Plan of Guizhou Province(No.GCC[2023]007)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(No.ZK[2021]327)the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(No.171095)。
文摘Because of tempting magnetic-dielectric synergies and interfacial effects,designing a simple and low-cost route for producing multidimensional carbon-based magnetic nanocomposites is very important for the development of microwave absorbers(MAs).In this paper,a facile and propagable Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid chelate(NAC)derived strategy was proposed to selectively fabricate zero-dimensional(0D)/one-dimensional(1D)porous Ni/C magnetic heterostructured nanorods(MHNRs)consisting of 1D carbon nanorod,lots of pores and 0D Ni nanoparticles via a combined hydrothermal and thermally treated methods.The porous Ni/C MHNRs displayed the progressively improved Ni and C crystallinity by controlling the temperature,which resulted in the tunable electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties(MAPs).Additionally,0D/1D porous CoNi/C and Co/C MHNRs could be selectively produced through this strategy by adopting CoNi-NAC and Co-NAC as precursors.Benefiting from desirable interface and magnetic/dielectric synergies,the acquired 0D/1D porous Ni/C,CoNi/C and Co/C MHNRs presented excellent MAPs and certain corrosion resistance properties.In especial,Co/C MHNRs displayed a strong absorption capacity(−47.89 dB),an ultrawide effective absorption bandwidth(8.40 GHz)and small matching thicknesses(∼2 mm),which were a desirable candidate for MAs.Consequently,a facile,low-cost and propagable metal-NAC derived strategy was proposed to synthesize 0D/1D porous carbon-based MHNRs,which presented an alternative technique to develop lightweight efficient MAs.
基金Supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2114050001527).
文摘Micro/nanoplastics(M/NPs)have become pervasive environmental pollutants,posing significant risks to human health through various exposure routes,including ingestion,inhalation,and direct contact.This review systematically examined the potential impacts of M/NPs on ocular health,focusing on exposure pathways,toxicological mechanisms,and resultant damage to the eye.Ocular exposure to M/NPs can occur via direct contact and oral ingestion,with the latter potentially leading to the penetration of particles through ocular biological barriers into ocular tissues.The review highlighted that M/NPs can induce adverse effects on the ocular surface,elevate intraocular pressure,and cause abnormalities in the vitreous and retina.Mechanistically,oxidative stress and inflammation are central to M/NP-induced ocular damage,with smaller particles often exhibiting greater toxicity.Overall,this review underscored the potential risks of M/NPs to ocular health and emphasized the need for further research to elucidate exposure mechanisms,toxicological pathways,and mitigation strategies.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFE0127400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172040,52202041,and U23B2077)+1 种基金Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(tsqn202211086,ts202208832,tsqnz20221118)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(23CX06055A).
文摘Micro silicon(mSi)is a promising anode candidate for all-solid-state batteries due to its high specific capacity,low side reactions,and high tap density.However,silicon suffers from its poor electronic and ionic conductivity,which is particularly severe on a micro scale and in solid-state systems,leading to increased polarization and inferior electrochemical performance.Doping can broaden the transmission pathways and reduce the diffusion energy barrier for electrons and lithium ions.However,achieving effective,uniform doping in mSi is challenging due to its longer diffusion paths and higher energy barriers.Therefore,current doping research is primarily limited to nanosilicon.In this study,we successfully used a Joule-heating activated staged thermal treatment to achieve full-depth doping of germanium(Ge)in the mSi substrate.The Joule-heating process activated the mSi substrate,resulting in abundant vacancy defects that reduced the diffusion barrier of Ge into the silicon lattice and facilitated full-depth Ge doping.Surprisingly,the resulting Si-Ge anode exhibited significantly enhanced electrical conductivity(70 times).Meanwhile,the improved Li-ion conductivity in mSi and the reduced Young’s modulus enhance the electrode reaction kinetics and integrity after cycling.Ge-doped silicon anodes demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance when applied in sulfide solid-state half-cells and full-cells.This work provides substantial insights into the rational structural design of mSi alloyed anode materials,paving the way for the development of high-performance solid-state Li-ion batteries.
基金supported by Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2022QNRC001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273053)the Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.21CGA41)。
文摘Extreme cold weather seriously harms human thermoregulatory system,necessitating high-performance insulating garments to maintain body temperature.However,as the core insulating layer,advanced fibrous materials always struggle to balance mechanical properties and thermal insulation,resulting in their inability to meet the demands for both washing resistance and personal protection.Herein,inspired by the natural spring-like structures of cucumber tendrils,a superelastic and washable micro/nanofibrous sponge(MNFS)based on biomimetic helical fibers is directly prepared utilizing multiple-jet electrospinning technology for high-performance thermal insulation.By regulating the conductivity of polyvinylidene fluoride solution,multiple-jet ejection and multiple-stage whipping of jets are achieved,and further control of phase separation rates enables the rapid solidification of jets to form spring-like helical fibers,which are directly entangled to assemble MNFS.The resulting MNFS exhibits superelasticity that can withstand large tensile strain(200%),1000 cyclic tensile or compression deformations,and retain good resilience even in liquid nitrogen(-196℃).Furthermore,the MNFS shows efficient thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity(24.85 mW m^(-1)K^(-1)),close to the value of dry air,and remains structural stability even after cyclic washing.This work offers new possibilities for advanced fibrous sponges in transportation,environmental,and energy applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22168008,22378085)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2024GXNSFDA010053)+1 种基金the Technology Development Project of Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd(202100039)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education(YCBZ2024065).
文摘Strategically coupling nanoparticle hybrids and internal thermosensitive molecular switches establishes an innovative paradigm for constructing micro/nanoscale-reconfigurable robots,facilitating energyefficient CO_(2) management in life-support systems of confined space.Here,a micro/nano-reconfigurable robot is constructed from the CO_(2) molecular hunters,temperature-sensitive molecular switch,solar photothermal conversion,and magnetically-driven function engines.The molecular hunters within the molecular extension state can capture 6.19 mmol g^(−1) of CO_(2) to form carbamic acid and ammonium bicarbonate.Interestingly,the molecular switch of the robot activates a molecular curling state that facilitates CO_(2) release through nano-reconfiguration,which is mediated by the temperature-sensitive curling of Pluronic F127 molecular chains during the photothermal desorption.Nano-reconfiguration of robot alters the amino microenvironment,including increasing surface electrostatic potential of the amino group and decreasing overall lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.This weakened the nucleophilic attack ability of the amino group toward the adsorption product derivatives,thereby inhibiting the side reactions that generate hard-to-decompose urea structures,achieving the lowest regeneration temperature of 55℃ reported to date.The engine of the robot possesses non-contact magnetically-driven micro-reconfiguration capability to achieve efficient photothermal regeneration while avoiding local overheating.Notably,the robot successfully prolonged the survival time of mice in the sealed container by up to 54.61%,effectively addressing the issue of carbon suffocation in confined spaces.This work significantly enhances life-support systems for deep-space exploration,while stimulating innovations in sustainable carbon management technologies for terrestrial extreme environments.
基金financially supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)。
文摘Mine filling materials urgently need to improve mechanical properties and achieve low-carbon transformation.This study explores the mechanism of the synergistic effect of optimizing aggregate fractal grading and introducing CO_(2)nanobubble technology to improve the performance of cement-fly ash-based backfill materials(CFB).The properties including fluidity,setting time,uniaxial compressive strength,elastic modulus,porosity,microstructure and CO_(2)storage performance were systematically studied through methods such as fluidity evaluation,time test,uniaxial compression test,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis(SEM-EDS),and thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG).The experimental results show that the density and strength of the material are significantly improved under the synergistic effect of fractal dimension and CO_(2)nanobubbles.When the fractal dimension reaches 2.65,the mass ratio of coarse and fine aggregates reaches the optimal balance,and the structural density is greatly improved at the same time.At this time,the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus reach their peak values,with increases of up to 13.46%and 27.47%,respectively.CO_(2)nanobubbles enhance the material properties by promoting hydration reaction and carbonization.At the microscopic level,CO_(2)nanobubble water promotes the formation of C-S-H(hydrated calcium silicate),C-A-S-H(hydrated calcium aluminium silicate)gel and CaCO_(3),which is the main way to enhance the performance.Thermogravimetric studies have shown that when the fractal dimension is 2.65,the dehydration of hydration products and the decarbonization process of CaCO_(3)are most obvious,and CO_(2)nanobubble water promotes the carbonization reaction,making it surpass the natural state.The CO_(2)sequestration quality of cement-fly ash-based materials treated with CO_(2)nanobubble water at different fractal dimensions increased by 12.4wt%to 99.8wt%.The results not only provide scientific insights for the design and implementation of low-carbon filling materials,but also provide a solid theoretical basis for strengthening green mining practices and promoting sustainable resource utilization.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,Saudi Arabia,for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FFR-2025-3623-11”.
文摘Modern power systems increasingly depend on interconnected microgrids to enhance reliability and renewable energy utilization.However,the high penetration of intermittent renewable sources often causes frequency deviations,voltage fluctuations,and poor reactive power coordination,posing serious challenges to grid stability.Conventional Interconnection FlowControllers(IFCs)primarily regulate active power flowand fail to effectively handle dynamic frequency variations or reactive power sharing in multi-microgrid networks.To overcome these limitations,this study proposes an enhanced Interconnection Flow Controller(e-IFC)that integrates frequency response balancing and an Interconnection Reactive Power Flow Controller(IRFC)within a unified adaptive control structure.The proposed e-IFC is implemented and analyzed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory to evaluate its performance under various grid disturbances,including frequency drops,load changes,and reactive power fluctuations.Simulation results reveal that the e-IFC achieves 27.4% higher active power sharing accuracy,19.6% lower reactive power deviation,and 18.2% improved frequency stability compared to the conventional IFC.The adaptive controller ensures seamless transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes and maintains stable operation even under communication delays and data noise.Overall,the proposed e-IFCsignificantly enhances active-reactive power coordination and dynamic stability in renewable-integrated multi-microgrid systems.Future research will focus on coupling the e-IFC with tertiary-level optimization frameworks and conducting hardware-in-the-loop validation to enable its application in large-scale smart microgrid environments.
基金Project supported by University Grants Commission(UGC),New Delhi,India(37-335/2009(SR))Department of Science and Technology(DST)of India(SR/S1/PC/0041/2010)
文摘The doped ZnO nanorods as a photocatalyst with different Eu contents were prepared by microwave assisted method and they were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, UV-Vis spectroscopy, surface area Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The average crystallite size and band gap energy of Eu-doped ZnO were varied with the Eu content. The XRD pattern of Eu-doped ZnO indicated hexagonal crystal structure with an average crystallite size of 25 nm. The pres-ence of europium with trivalent state and its doping successfully into the crystal lattice of ZnO matrix were confirmed by XPS tech-nique. The photocatalytic activity of Eu-doped ZnO nanorods was evaluated for methyl orange degradation. The photocatalytic experi-ments showed^91%degradation of methyl orange over 0.2 mol.%Eu doped ZnO sample within 3 h under UV light （365 nm）.
基金Project supported by Vietnamese National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) (103.06-2010.16)
文摘Nanowires/nanorods of europium/terbium orthophosphate monohydrate with Eu^3＋ concentration of 6, 11, and 20 at.% were prepared by microwave synthesis method. The effects of Eu^3＋ doping concentration on structure, morphology and optical properties of nanomaterials were also investigated. The results showed that, for all studied Eu^3＋ doping concentrations, a single-crystalline phase of rhabdophane-type （Eu,Tb）PO4·H2O nanowires/nanorods was obtained by using microwave heating of an aqueous solution of terbium（Ⅲ） nitrate, europium（Ⅲ） nitrate and NH4H2PO4 with pH=2. The length and width of these nanowires/nanorods ranged from 150 to 300 nm and from 10 to 50 nm, respectively. The evidence of energy transfer from Tb^3＋ to Eu^3＋ due to the energy overlap between the donor Tb^3＋ and the acceptor Eu^3＋was observed obviously via a significant enhancement in the luminescent intensity of Eu^3＋. Keywords：
基金supported by a grant from the Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economysupported by the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Korea (11-NB-03)
文摘Gallium-doped ZnO （GZO） nanorods were synthesized by microemulsion method with different types of surfactants. The phase and morphology of the above nanorods were investigated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. SEM observations show that the ZnO nanorods have diameters around 70-200 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. The room temperature photoluminescence （PL） spectrum of GZO nanorods exhibited a sharp and strong ultraviolet bandgap at 383 nm and a relatively weaker emission associated with the defect level. Resistivity of GZO nanorods synthesized with sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS） and sodium benzene sulfonate （SBS） surfactants showed 2.84 Ω m and 14.2 Ω m, respectively.
基金supported by a grant from the Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economysupported by the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology of Korea(14-NB-03)
文摘Aluminum doped ZnO(AZO) nanorods were synthesized by microemulsion method with different types of surfactants.The phase and the morphology of the above nanorods were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).SEM observations showed that the ZnO nanorods had diameters around about 50—200 nm and lengths up to several micrometers.The CO gas sensing properties of the AZO nanorods were tested at operating temperatures of 200,300,350 and 400 ℃.It was found that AZO nanorods based sensor exhibited the highest sensitivity to CO at 350℃.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21972124,21603041)funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsupport received at the Testing Center of Yangzhou University。
文摘A large surface area with high active site exposure is desired for the nano-scaled electrocatalysts fabrica-tion.Herein,taking NiMoO_(4)nanorods for example,we demonstrated the advantages of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method compared to the traditional hydrothermal approaches.Both monoclinic structured NiMoO_(4)in the nanorods morphology are found for these samples but it is more time-saving and efficient in the Ni-Mo synergism for the catalyst obtained by microwave-assisted hydrothermal syntheses method.When evaluated for urea oxidation,the current density can reach 130.79 mA/cm^(2)at 1.54 V,about 2.4 times higher than that of the counterpart catalyst(54.08 mA/cm^(2)).Moreover,largely improved catalytic stability,catalytic kinetics and rapid charge transfer ability are found on the catalyst obtained by the microwave-assisted approach.The high catalytic performance can be at-tributed to the high surface area and active site exposure of NiMoO_(4)nanorods formed by microwave irradiation.Considering the less time,facile synthesis condition and efficient components synergism,the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method might work better for the nanostructure electrocata-lysts fabrication.
基金supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIP)(NRF-2021R1A4A2001687,and NRF-2021R1I1A3057700)。
文摘Metal–organic framework-templated nitrogen-doped graphitic carbon(NGC)and polydopaminederived carbon(PDA-derived C)-double coated one-dimensional CoSe_(2) nanorods supported highly porous threedimensional microspheres are introduced as anodes for excellent Na-ion batteries,particularly with long-lived cycle under carbonate-based electrolyte system.The microspheres uniformly composed of ZIF-67 polyhedrons and polystyrene nanobeads(φ=40 nm)are synthesized using the facile spray pyrolysis technique,followed by the selenization process(P-CoSe_(2)@NGC NR).Further,the PDA-derived C-coated microspheres are obtained using a solution-based coating approach and the subsequent carbonization process(P-CoSe_(2)@PDA-C NR).The rational synthesis approach benefited from the synergistic effects of dual carbon coating,resulting in a highly conductive and porous nanostructure that could facilitate rapid diffusion of charge species along with efficient electrolyte infiltration and effectively channelize the volume stress.Consequently,the prepared nanostructure exhibits extraordinary electrochemical performance,particularly the ultra-long cycle life stability.For instance,the advanced anode has a discharge capacity of 291(1000th cycle,average capacity decay of 0.017%)and 142 mAh g^(-1)(5000th cycle,average capacity decay of 0.011%)at a current density of 0.5 and 2.0 A g^(-1),respectively.
基金Project(51261015)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(1308RJZA238)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China
文摘Pure ZnS and Ni^2+-doped ZnS nanorods (Zn1-xNixS, x=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07, mole fraction,%) were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The effects of Ni2+ doping on the phase-structure, morphology, elemental composition and optical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), respectively. The photocatalytic activity of Zn1-xNixS nanorods was evaluated by the photodegradation of organic dyes Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation. The results show that all samples exhibit wurtzite structure with good crystallization. The morphologies are one-dimensional nanorods with good dispersion, and the distortion of the lattice constant occurs. The band gap of Zn1-xNixS samples is smaller than that of pure ZnS, thus red shift occurs. Ni^2+-doped ZnS nanocrystals can enhance photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of RhB. Especially, Zn0.97Ni0.03S sample exhibits better photocatalytic performance and photocatalytic stability for the decomposition of RhB.
