CO2 flooding is considered not only one of the most effective enhanced oil recovery （EOR） methods, but also an important alternative for geological CO2 storage. In this paper, the visualization of CO2 flooding was s...CO2 flooding is considered not only one of the most effective enhanced oil recovery （EOR） methods, but also an important alternative for geological CO2 storage. In this paper, the visualization of CO2 flooding was studied using a 400 MHz NMR micro-imaging system. For gaseous CO2 immiscible displacement, it was found that CO2 channeling or fingering occurred due to the difference of fluid viscosity and density. Thus, the sweep efficiency was small and the final residual oil saturation was 53.1%. For supercritical CO2 miscible displacement, the results showed that piston-like displacement occurred, viscous fingering and the gravity override caused by the low viscosity and density of the gas was effectively restrained, and the velocity of CO2 front was uniform. The sweep efficiency was so high that the final residual oil saturation was 33.9%, which indicated CO2 miscible displacement could enhance oil recovery more than CO2 immiscible displacement. In addition, the average velocity of CO2 front was evaluated through analyzing the oil saturation profile. A special core analysis method has been applied to in-situ oil saturation data to directly evaluate the local Darcy phase velocities and capillary dispersion rate.展开更多
The emergence and development of the "fourth media" will become the focal competition power in the subsequent development of the film and television cultural & creative industry.This paper,on the one han...The emergence and development of the "fourth media" will become the focal competition power in the subsequent development of the film and television cultural & creative industry.This paper,on the one hand,will illustrate the characteristics of the "fourth media" in the terms of history;on the other hand,it will emphasize that the economic benefits of the traditional media have been replaced by social contact media.The advantages of the "fourth media" are obvious and it will keep developing.We hope that the "fourth media" market in China could improve constantly with strategic vision and integrate into the world market.展开更多
基金support from the National High Technology Reseatch and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2008AA062303 and No.2009AA063402)National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2006CB705804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Program,Grant No.50736001)
文摘CO2 flooding is considered not only one of the most effective enhanced oil recovery （EOR） methods, but also an important alternative for geological CO2 storage. In this paper, the visualization of CO2 flooding was studied using a 400 MHz NMR micro-imaging system. For gaseous CO2 immiscible displacement, it was found that CO2 channeling or fingering occurred due to the difference of fluid viscosity and density. Thus, the sweep efficiency was small and the final residual oil saturation was 53.1%. For supercritical CO2 miscible displacement, the results showed that piston-like displacement occurred, viscous fingering and the gravity override caused by the low viscosity and density of the gas was effectively restrained, and the velocity of CO2 front was uniform. The sweep efficiency was so high that the final residual oil saturation was 33.9%, which indicated CO2 miscible displacement could enhance oil recovery more than CO2 immiscible displacement. In addition, the average velocity of CO2 front was evaluated through analyzing the oil saturation profile. A special core analysis method has been applied to in-situ oil saturation data to directly evaluate the local Darcy phase velocities and capillary dispersion rate.
文摘The emergence and development of the "fourth media" will become the focal competition power in the subsequent development of the film and television cultural & creative industry.This paper,on the one hand,will illustrate the characteristics of the "fourth media" in the terms of history;on the other hand,it will emphasize that the economic benefits of the traditional media have been replaced by social contact media.The advantages of the "fourth media" are obvious and it will keep developing.We hope that the "fourth media" market in China could improve constantly with strategic vision and integrate into the world market.
