The aim of this study is to determine the level to which the public is aware about ITS(intelligent transportation systems)technologies and how they perceive the potential advantages and inhibitors of ITS in Michigan.A...The aim of this study is to determine the level to which the public is aware about ITS(intelligent transportation systems)technologies and how they perceive the potential advantages and inhibitors of ITS in Michigan.A survey was performed with 200 participants living in Michigan,in urban,suburban and rural areas.Questions covered in the survey included how often and how bad traffic congestion occurred,how familiar travelers were with ITS technologies(adaptive traffic signals,real time monitoring of the traffic)and how much support travelers would provide for ITS initiatives.Results reveal that there is a high degree of traffic congestion awareness,there is low public awareness of ITS technologies.While respondents who were aware of ITS solutions had positive views about deploying them,especially in urban areas,they were less supportive of ITS solutions than they were among those who did not know much about these.Factors including area of residence,commute time and age were perceived to influence ITS along with more positive attitudes to ITS amongst urban dwellers and younger respondents.Analysis of key barriers to ITS implementation reflected high initial costs,challenges with technical integration and users’concerns surrounding privacy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy is an important risk factor for foot ulceration and amputation.Thus,patients with diabetes should be screened for this disorder according to local guidelines.An obstacle...BACKGROUND Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy is an important risk factor for foot ulceration and amputation.Thus,patients with diabetes should be screened for this disorder according to local guidelines.An obstacle to the diagnosis of this disease may be the lack of unified diagnostic criteria due to the lack of properly validated scales used for assessment.AIM To validate both sections(A and B)of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument(MNSI)in Polish(PL)patients with diabetes.METHODS A cross-sectional study using a test(A1,B1)and re-test(A2,B2)formula was performed in 80 patients with diabetes.The gold standard used for neuropathy detection was a nerve conduction study(NCS)which was performed in all participants.Reliability of the MNSI-PL was assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha,Kuder-Richardson formula 20(KR-20),split-half reliability,the Gottman split-half tests,and correlation between first and second half was accessed.Stability was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).For external validation,we used simple linear correlation,binomial regression,and agreement between two different tools using a Bland-Altman plot analysis.RESULTS The scale was internally consistent(Cronbach’s alpha for the full scale:0.81 for A and 0.87 for B).MNSI-PL scores in test/retest showed high stability(ICC=0.73 for A and ICC=0.97 for B).The statistically important correlations between MNSI-PL and NCS were found for B1,B2,and A1(P<0.005).The cut-off points of≥3 for section A(sensitivity of 90%-100%;specificity of 33%-40%)and≥2 for section B(sensitivity of 81%-84%;specificity of 60%-70%)were obtained during neuropathy detection.CONCLUSION The MNSI-PL is a reliable and valid instrument in screening for diabetic neuropathy.展开更多
With all the improvement in wave and hydrodynamics numerical models, the question rises in our mind that how the accuracy of the forcing functions and their input can affect the results. In this paper, a commonly used...With all the improvement in wave and hydrodynamics numerical models, the question rises in our mind that how the accuracy of the forcing functions and their input can affect the results. In this paper, a commonly used numerical third-generation wave model, SWAN is applied to predict waves in Lake Michigan. Wind data are analyzed to determine wind variation frequency over Lake Michigan. Wave predictions uncertainty due to wind local effects are compared during a period where wind has a fairly constant speed and direction over the northern and southern basins. The study shows that despite model calibration in Lake Michigan area, the model deficiency arises from ignoring wind effects in small scales. Wave prediction also emphasizes that small scale turbulence in meteorological forces can increase prediction errors by 38%. Wave frequency and coherence analysis show that both models can predict the wave variation time scale with the same accuracy. Insufficient number of meteorological stations can result in neglecting local wind effects and discrepancies in current predictions. The uncertainty of wave numerical models due to input uncertainties and model principals should be taken into account for design risk factors.展开更多
The stability analysis of an abandoned underground gypsum mine requires the determination of the mine pillar’s strength.This is especially important for flooded abandoned mines where the gypsum pillars become saturat...The stability analysis of an abandoned underground gypsum mine requires the determination of the mine pillar’s strength.This is especially important for flooded abandoned mines where the gypsum pillars become saturated and are subjected to dissolution after flooding.Further,mine pillars are subjected to blast vibrations that generate some level of macro- and micro-fracturing.Testing samples of gypsum must,therefore,simulate these conditions as close as possible.In this research,the strength of gypsum is investigated in an as-received saturated condition using uniaxial compressive strength (UCS),Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) and point load index (PLI) tests.The scale effect was investigated and new correlations were derived to describe the effect of sample size on both UCS and BTS under dry and saturated conditions.Effects of blasting on these parameters were observed and the importance of choosing the proper samples was discussed.Finally,correlations were derived for both compressive and tensile strengths under dry and saturated conditions from the PLI test results,which are commonly used as a simple substitute for the indirect determination of UCS and BTS.展开更多
Lake Michigan, the sixth largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, was utilized as a water body for assessment. Field data collected at sampling sites throughout the lake in an intensive monitoring effort ...Lake Michigan, the sixth largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, was utilized as a water body for assessment. Field data collected at sampling sites throughout the lake in an intensive monitoring effort were utilized for evaluation of the distribution of sediment measurements. An assessment of sediment nutrient and carbon measurements within Lake Michigan was completed to recognize strata resulting from the hydrodynamics of the system. Nonparametric comparison tests revealed that significant differences exist between measurements of sediment nutrients and organic carbon in the lake using strata based upon water column depth (all results demon-strated a p < 0.05, α = 0.05). Cross-validation analysis was applied to the field-collected samples, revealing that large errors occur when estimating sediment flux of carbon or nutrients at a given location in the lake without considering stratification of the distributions of these measurements. Errors in estimating sediment concentrations of nutrients and carbon specific to a location in the lake demonstrated a statistically significant increase when stratification of sediment measurements wasn’t employed among sites. For example, distributions of errors in estimating all nutrients and organic carbon concentrations, whereby distance squared inverse interpolation methods were applied, demonstrated a statistically significant increase in absence of stratification (all p < 0.001, α = 0.05). These results have implications for characterization, monitoring, and modeling sediment and water interaction as related to eutrophication, as well as to contaminant exposure and bioaccumulation for chemicals within Lake Michigan and large water bodies where stratification of the sediment based upon physics of the system exists.展开更多
Water is one of the most essential resources required to sustain life. However, it could be detrimental to the health of those without access to water that is properly treated. Although the Safe Drinking Water Act of ...Water is one of the most essential resources required to sustain life. However, it could be detrimental to the health of those without access to water that is properly treated. Although the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 set regulations to protect citizens from naturally occurring and man-made contaminants, some people are still without clean and safe water, which is speculated to be because of their race. This research examines the disproportionality of available clean water provided by government sources in Michigan and its correlation with race and household income. In the study, it has been found that one of the leading causes of water contamination is industrial activity, with the automobile industry being responsible for approximately 300 million tons of lead contamination in water, and that the manufacturing company’s locations mostly centered in minority and low-income areas. Lower income cities, such as Hamtramck and Benton Harbor, have an average of 14.8 drinking water standard violations with the highest being 99 total violations, while higher income cities, like Novi and Bloomfield hills, have an average of 4 violations. Cities, like Flint and Detroit, which have a higher minority population, are 10 times more likely to have a water standard violation, and the minority population is proportionally related to the possibility of industrial manufacturing being located in those areas. These communities also face a higher risk of birth defects, developmental issues in children, and organ failure in adults, due to continuous exposure to water contaminants. Race as a direct causation could not be proven, but there are links to direct correlation through historical redlining and housing trends.展开更多
Retene and methylretene have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry in aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of Silurian carbonate extracts of the Michigan Basin. Retene identified in pre-Devonian carbonate...Retene and methylretene have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry in aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of Silurian carbonate extracts of the Michigan Basin. Retene identified in pre-Devonian carbonates indicates that the compound not only is the biomarker of higher plants but also derived from alga or bacterium. The geochemical significance of methylretene has been discussed.展开更多
目的观察木丹颗粒和复方丹参滴丸治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)的临床疗效。方法选取2023年5月—2024年4月在郑州颐和医院、河南省人民医院就诊的DPN患者180例,随机分为木丹颗粒组(木丹颗粒联合硫辛...目的观察木丹颗粒和复方丹参滴丸治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)的临床疗效。方法选取2023年5月—2024年4月在郑州颐和医院、河南省人民医院就诊的DPN患者180例,随机分为木丹颗粒组(木丹颗粒联合硫辛酸治疗,85例),复方丹参滴丸组(复方丹参滴丸联合硫辛酸治疗,26例),硫辛酸组(单纯硫辛酸治疗,69例),疗程8周。主要观察指标为三组治疗前后密西根糖尿病周围神经病变评分(michigan diabetic neuropathy score,MDNS);次要观察指标为多伦多临床评分(Toronto clinical scoring system scores,TCSS)、中医临床证候评分(traditional chinese medicine syndrome scores,TCM)及血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平变化。收集三组患者的年龄、性别比例、病程、血压、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、合并症(冠心病、高血压、高脂血症)、吸烟饮酒史等临床资料及相关生化指标。结果三组患者MDNS、TCSS、TCM评分总分治疗后均较治疗前降低,木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组治疗后评分低于硫辛酸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组治疗后MDNS、TCSS、TCM评分总有效率(90.58%和88.46%、94.11%和96.15%、92.94%和92.30%)均高于硫辛酸组(66.67%、76.81%、73.91%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组治疗后血清SOD水平均较治疗前升高,且研究组血清SOD水平高于硫辛酸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组患者病程、血压、BMI、FBG、HbA1c、CHO、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ALT和AST等水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论木丹颗粒和复方丹参滴丸均可有效改善2型糖尿病周围神经病变,两者和硫辛酸联用疗效相近。展开更多
What comes to your mind whenyou hear the word Michigan?The Great Lakes surrounding the state?The right-across-the-water country ofCanada?Or Detroit,nicknamed MotorCity,which experienced both glory and bankruptcy?For m...What comes to your mind whenyou hear the word Michigan?The Great Lakes surrounding the state?The right-across-the-water country ofCanada?Or Detroit,nicknamed MotorCity,which experienced both glory and bankruptcy?For most Chinese people,theState of Michigan is probably hard to locate on the map of the United States.展开更多
'You are one of my favorite US governors,'I said to Rick Snyder at the VIP lounge of Shanghai Pudong International Airport before he boarded the plane for home after winding up a nine-day visit to China.The Mi...'You are one of my favorite US governors,'I said to Rick Snyder at the VIP lounge of Shanghai Pudong International Airport before he boarded the plane for home after winding up a nine-day visit to China.The Michigan governor was pleased by my words and took a photo with me with delight.What I said was not flattery but from the depth of my heart.Since展开更多
Vice-President Xie Yuan led a CPAFFC delegation to Michigan-China Week in the United States from May 6 to 9.The event was hosted by the state government of Michigan and the Michigan-China Innovation Center.Around 150 ...Vice-President Xie Yuan led a CPAFFC delegation to Michigan-China Week in the United States from May 6 to 9.The event was hosted by the state government of Michigan and the Michigan-China Innovation Center.Around 150 government and business representatives from Guangdong,Sichuan,Hebei,Liaoning,Jilin and展开更多
背景与目的近年来,癌症患者导管相关性静脉血栓(catheter related thrombosis,CRT)发病率逐年增加,但尚缺乏专门针对CRT的预测工具。本研究比较Khorana评分、Michigan评分和COMPASS-CAT评分这三种工具对肺癌患者发生经外周置入中心静脉...背景与目的近年来,癌症患者导管相关性静脉血栓(catheter related thrombosis,CRT)发病率逐年增加,但尚缺乏专门针对CRT的预测工具。本研究比较Khorana评分、Michigan评分和COMPASS-CAT评分这三种工具对肺癌患者发生经外周置入中心静脉导管相关性上肢静脉血栓(peripherally inserted central catheter-related upper extremity venous thrombosis,PICC-UEVT)的预测效能。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究,收集344例经PICC的肺癌患者的临床资料,分为PICC-UEVT组(86例)和对照组(258例)。分别使用Khorana评分、Michigan评分和COMPASS-CAT评分对患者进行评分,绘制不同评分的受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC),计算ROC下面积(area under curve,AUC),分析比较三种评分对肺癌患者发生PICC-UEVT的预测效能。结果Khorana评分、Michigan评分和COMPASS-CAT评分预测肺癌患者PICC-UEVT的AUC值分别为0.505(95%CI:0.435–0.575)、0.509(95%CI:0.438–0.580)和0.566(95%CI:0.498–0.633);最佳临界值分别为1、5和7分;灵敏度分别为0.302、0.035和0.884;特异度分别为0.717、0.996和0.248;阳性预测值分别为25.5%、75.0%和28.1%;阴性预测值分别为82.6%、75.6%和86.5%。结论COMPASS-CAT评分对肺癌患者发生PICC-UEVT的预测效能高于Khorana评分和Michigan评分,但三种评分的整体预测效能均不佳。展开更多
文摘The aim of this study is to determine the level to which the public is aware about ITS(intelligent transportation systems)technologies and how they perceive the potential advantages and inhibitors of ITS in Michigan.A survey was performed with 200 participants living in Michigan,in urban,suburban and rural areas.Questions covered in the survey included how often and how bad traffic congestion occurred,how familiar travelers were with ITS technologies(adaptive traffic signals,real time monitoring of the traffic)and how much support travelers would provide for ITS initiatives.Results reveal that there is a high degree of traffic congestion awareness,there is low public awareness of ITS technologies.While respondents who were aware of ITS solutions had positive views about deploying them,especially in urban areas,they were less supportive of ITS solutions than they were among those who did not know much about these.Factors including area of residence,commute time and age were perceived to influence ITS along with more positive attitudes to ITS amongst urban dwellers and younger respondents.Analysis of key barriers to ITS implementation reflected high initial costs,challenges with technical integration and users’concerns surrounding privacy.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Health Subvention from the IT Simple System of the Wroclaw Medical University by Wroclaw Medical University,No.SUBZ.C310.22.075the MCDTR grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases,No.P30DK092926.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy is an important risk factor for foot ulceration and amputation.Thus,patients with diabetes should be screened for this disorder according to local guidelines.An obstacle to the diagnosis of this disease may be the lack of unified diagnostic criteria due to the lack of properly validated scales used for assessment.AIM To validate both sections(A and B)of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument(MNSI)in Polish(PL)patients with diabetes.METHODS A cross-sectional study using a test(A1,B1)and re-test(A2,B2)formula was performed in 80 patients with diabetes.The gold standard used for neuropathy detection was a nerve conduction study(NCS)which was performed in all participants.Reliability of the MNSI-PL was assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha,Kuder-Richardson formula 20(KR-20),split-half reliability,the Gottman split-half tests,and correlation between first and second half was accessed.Stability was assessed using an intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC).For external validation,we used simple linear correlation,binomial regression,and agreement between two different tools using a Bland-Altman plot analysis.RESULTS The scale was internally consistent(Cronbach’s alpha for the full scale:0.81 for A and 0.87 for B).MNSI-PL scores in test/retest showed high stability(ICC=0.73 for A and ICC=0.97 for B).The statistically important correlations between MNSI-PL and NCS were found for B1,B2,and A1(P<0.005).The cut-off points of≥3 for section A(sensitivity of 90%-100%;specificity of 33%-40%)and≥2 for section B(sensitivity of 81%-84%;specificity of 60%-70%)were obtained during neuropathy detection.CONCLUSION The MNSI-PL is a reliable and valid instrument in screening for diabetic neuropathy.
文摘With all the improvement in wave and hydrodynamics numerical models, the question rises in our mind that how the accuracy of the forcing functions and their input can affect the results. In this paper, a commonly used numerical third-generation wave model, SWAN is applied to predict waves in Lake Michigan. Wind data are analyzed to determine wind variation frequency over Lake Michigan. Wave predictions uncertainty due to wind local effects are compared during a period where wind has a fairly constant speed and direction over the northern and southern basins. The study shows that despite model calibration in Lake Michigan area, the model deficiency arises from ignoring wind effects in small scales. Wave prediction also emphasizes that small scale turbulence in meteorological forces can increase prediction errors by 38%. Wave frequency and coherence analysis show that both models can predict the wave variation time scale with the same accuracy. Insufficient number of meteorological stations can result in neglecting local wind effects and discrepancies in current predictions. The uncertainty of wave numerical models due to input uncertainties and model principals should be taken into account for design risk factors.
文摘The stability analysis of an abandoned underground gypsum mine requires the determination of the mine pillar’s strength.This is especially important for flooded abandoned mines where the gypsum pillars become saturated and are subjected to dissolution after flooding.Further,mine pillars are subjected to blast vibrations that generate some level of macro- and micro-fracturing.Testing samples of gypsum must,therefore,simulate these conditions as close as possible.In this research,the strength of gypsum is investigated in an as-received saturated condition using uniaxial compressive strength (UCS),Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) and point load index (PLI) tests.The scale effect was investigated and new correlations were derived to describe the effect of sample size on both UCS and BTS under dry and saturated conditions.Effects of blasting on these parameters were observed and the importance of choosing the proper samples was discussed.Finally,correlations were derived for both compressive and tensile strengths under dry and saturated conditions from the PLI test results,which are commonly used as a simple substitute for the indirect determination of UCS and BTS.
文摘Lake Michigan, the sixth largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, was utilized as a water body for assessment. Field data collected at sampling sites throughout the lake in an intensive monitoring effort were utilized for evaluation of the distribution of sediment measurements. An assessment of sediment nutrient and carbon measurements within Lake Michigan was completed to recognize strata resulting from the hydrodynamics of the system. Nonparametric comparison tests revealed that significant differences exist between measurements of sediment nutrients and organic carbon in the lake using strata based upon water column depth (all results demon-strated a p < 0.05, α = 0.05). Cross-validation analysis was applied to the field-collected samples, revealing that large errors occur when estimating sediment flux of carbon or nutrients at a given location in the lake without considering stratification of the distributions of these measurements. Errors in estimating sediment concentrations of nutrients and carbon specific to a location in the lake demonstrated a statistically significant increase when stratification of sediment measurements wasn’t employed among sites. For example, distributions of errors in estimating all nutrients and organic carbon concentrations, whereby distance squared inverse interpolation methods were applied, demonstrated a statistically significant increase in absence of stratification (all p < 0.001, α = 0.05). These results have implications for characterization, monitoring, and modeling sediment and water interaction as related to eutrophication, as well as to contaminant exposure and bioaccumulation for chemicals within Lake Michigan and large water bodies where stratification of the sediment based upon physics of the system exists.
文摘Water is one of the most essential resources required to sustain life. However, it could be detrimental to the health of those without access to water that is properly treated. Although the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 set regulations to protect citizens from naturally occurring and man-made contaminants, some people are still without clean and safe water, which is speculated to be because of their race. This research examines the disproportionality of available clean water provided by government sources in Michigan and its correlation with race and household income. In the study, it has been found that one of the leading causes of water contamination is industrial activity, with the automobile industry being responsible for approximately 300 million tons of lead contamination in water, and that the manufacturing company’s locations mostly centered in minority and low-income areas. Lower income cities, such as Hamtramck and Benton Harbor, have an average of 14.8 drinking water standard violations with the highest being 99 total violations, while higher income cities, like Novi and Bloomfield hills, have an average of 4 violations. Cities, like Flint and Detroit, which have a higher minority population, are 10 times more likely to have a water standard violation, and the minority population is proportionally related to the possibility of industrial manufacturing being located in those areas. These communities also face a higher risk of birth defects, developmental issues in children, and organ failure in adults, due to continuous exposure to water contaminants. Race as a direct causation could not be proven, but there are links to direct correlation through historical redlining and housing trends.
文摘Retene and methylretene have been identified by gas chromatography-mass spec-trometry in aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of Silurian carbonate extracts of the Michigan Basin. Retene identified in pre-Devonian carbonates indicates that the compound not only is the biomarker of higher plants but also derived from alga or bacterium. The geochemical significance of methylretene has been discussed.
文摘目的观察木丹颗粒和复方丹参滴丸治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)的临床疗效。方法选取2023年5月—2024年4月在郑州颐和医院、河南省人民医院就诊的DPN患者180例,随机分为木丹颗粒组(木丹颗粒联合硫辛酸治疗,85例),复方丹参滴丸组(复方丹参滴丸联合硫辛酸治疗,26例),硫辛酸组(单纯硫辛酸治疗,69例),疗程8周。主要观察指标为三组治疗前后密西根糖尿病周围神经病变评分(michigan diabetic neuropathy score,MDNS);次要观察指标为多伦多临床评分(Toronto clinical scoring system scores,TCSS)、中医临床证候评分(traditional chinese medicine syndrome scores,TCM)及血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平变化。收集三组患者的年龄、性别比例、病程、血压、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、合并症(冠心病、高血压、高脂血症)、吸烟饮酒史等临床资料及相关生化指标。结果三组患者MDNS、TCSS、TCM评分总分治疗后均较治疗前降低,木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组治疗后评分低于硫辛酸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组治疗后MDNS、TCSS、TCM评分总有效率(90.58%和88.46%、94.11%和96.15%、92.94%和92.30%)均高于硫辛酸组(66.67%、76.81%、73.91%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但木丹颗粒组和复方丹参滴丸组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组治疗后血清SOD水平均较治疗前升高,且研究组血清SOD水平高于硫辛酸组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组患者病程、血压、BMI、FBG、HbA1c、CHO、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、ALT和AST等水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论木丹颗粒和复方丹参滴丸均可有效改善2型糖尿病周围神经病变,两者和硫辛酸联用疗效相近。
文摘What comes to your mind whenyou hear the word Michigan?The Great Lakes surrounding the state?The right-across-the-water country ofCanada?Or Detroit,nicknamed MotorCity,which experienced both glory and bankruptcy?For most Chinese people,theState of Michigan is probably hard to locate on the map of the United States.
文摘'You are one of my favorite US governors,'I said to Rick Snyder at the VIP lounge of Shanghai Pudong International Airport before he boarded the plane for home after winding up a nine-day visit to China.The Michigan governor was pleased by my words and took a photo with me with delight.What I said was not flattery but from the depth of my heart.Since
文摘Vice-President Xie Yuan led a CPAFFC delegation to Michigan-China Week in the United States from May 6 to 9.The event was hosted by the state government of Michigan and the Michigan-China Innovation Center.Around 150 government and business representatives from Guangdong,Sichuan,Hebei,Liaoning,Jilin and
文摘背景与目的近年来,癌症患者导管相关性静脉血栓(catheter related thrombosis,CRT)发病率逐年增加,但尚缺乏专门针对CRT的预测工具。本研究比较Khorana评分、Michigan评分和COMPASS-CAT评分这三种工具对肺癌患者发生经外周置入中心静脉导管相关性上肢静脉血栓(peripherally inserted central catheter-related upper extremity venous thrombosis,PICC-UEVT)的预测效能。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究,收集344例经PICC的肺癌患者的临床资料,分为PICC-UEVT组(86例)和对照组(258例)。分别使用Khorana评分、Michigan评分和COMPASS-CAT评分对患者进行评分,绘制不同评分的受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC),计算ROC下面积(area under curve,AUC),分析比较三种评分对肺癌患者发生PICC-UEVT的预测效能。结果Khorana评分、Michigan评分和COMPASS-CAT评分预测肺癌患者PICC-UEVT的AUC值分别为0.505(95%CI:0.435–0.575)、0.509(95%CI:0.438–0.580)和0.566(95%CI:0.498–0.633);最佳临界值分别为1、5和7分;灵敏度分别为0.302、0.035和0.884;特异度分别为0.717、0.996和0.248;阳性预测值分别为25.5%、75.0%和28.1%;阴性预测值分别为82.6%、75.6%和86.5%。结论COMPASS-CAT评分对肺癌患者发生PICC-UEVT的预测效能高于Khorana评分和Michigan评分,但三种评分的整体预测效能均不佳。
