Civil engineering works require the selection of soil-type materials and the assessment of their geomechanical characteristics. However, the lack of relevant geotechnical mapping to facilitate the prediction of granul...Civil engineering works require the selection of soil-type materials and the assessment of their geomechanical characteristics. However, the lack of relevant geotechnical mapping to facilitate the prediction of granular material zones for civil engineering works in Benin means that very costly and sometimes inconclusive prospecting has to be undertaken for each project. The aim of this study is to contribute to the availability of geotechnical mapping in Benin. For this purpose, and in order to capitalize on the data, the proposed methodological approach is based on the systematic and controlled recording of data produced by laboratories during geotechnical and geological surveys for road construction projects. To this end, a web platform called ROAD MAT has been designed for data recording. This platform has been tested using data from test results from sixteen boreholes drilled in the Mono department. These results show a predominance of soil class G2 and CBR class P2. The database is steadily expanding, and its use by stakeholders will make it possible to collect and centralize vital data to define benchmarks for greater control of geotechnical risks. This work therefore constitutes a blueprint for the development of geotechnical mapping in Benin.展开更多
English teachers in China have seldom employed communicative teaching methodology. This paper reviews the research on communicative teaching in various areas, including the foundations of the approach, the principles,...English teachers in China have seldom employed communicative teaching methodology. This paper reviews the research on communicative teaching in various areas, including the foundations of the approach, the principles, the methodology and some techniques as well as the test in communicative teaching. This paper argues that the essence of communicative approach is that the students are prepared to meet the need of communication in the real world and this approach has a positive effect on students＇ achievements. Accordingly, it is hoped that communicative teaching approach will be more widely used in China.展开更多
This paper briefly introduces the principles of the Lexical Approach, based on the classroom observations and surveys of six college English teachers who have taken lexical ideas into their classrooms, demonstrates th...This paper briefly introduces the principles of the Lexical Approach, based on the classroom observations and surveys of six college English teachers who have taken lexical ideas into their classrooms, demonstrates the changes in methodology and efficiency of classroom teaching which involves implementing the Lexical Approach, and emphasizes that implementing the Lexical Approach in classroom teaching is more successful in training students＇ comprehensive skills than previous practice.展开更多
The aim of the paper is to explore the main paradigms and methodology of social research,framing them in historical path and highlighting the epistemological foundations.It moves from reflection on research methodolog...The aim of the paper is to explore the main paradigms and methodology of social research,framing them in historical path and highlighting the epistemological foundations.It moves from reflection on research methodology as a‘discourse of method’to focus on the paradigmatic dimension of the social sciences,according to Kuhn’s meaning for which paradigm indicates a shared and recognized theoretical perspective within the scientific community.The paper highlights the role of paradigms in shaping theoretical and empirical inquiry.It further examines the positivist and neo-positivist paradigms,which emphasize observation and empirical verifiability,quantification,formulation of laws,and cause-and-effect relationships,arguing for the uniqueness of the scientific method.Lazarsfeld brings to the social sciences the language‘of variables’,borrowed from mathematics and statistics.The distinction introduced by Windelband between‘nomothetic’and‘idiographic’sciences is followed by Weber’s elaboration of the concept of‘Verstehen’,which shifts the focus to the understanding of social reality through the meanings that individuals attribute to their actions.The interpretive paradigm paves the way for qualitative research methods.Finally,the paper delves into the complexity paradigm,which challenges the reductionist and deterministic models of classical science and outlines an epistemological shift in the key notions of science,introducing concepts such as‘emergence’,‘auto-eco-organization’and‘recursive processes’.The complexity of social reality calls for a rethinking of sociological methods,favoring multidimensional and event-based analysis over statistical regularities,privileging observation,intervention and the‘in vivo method’on the level of empirical research.Complexity pushes sociology to redefine itself along with its object traditionally understood as‘society’.展开更多
The technical progress and the globalization accelerate rapidly the development of new disciplines and sub-disciplines. Consequently, new and specific terminology is necessary. In addition, the interdisciplinarity con...The technical progress and the globalization accelerate rapidly the development of new disciplines and sub-disciplines. Consequently, new and specific terminology is necessary. In addition, the interdisciplinarity contributes as well to the development of communication problems between non-professionals and experts of a special domain or between experts of different domains--as well at international level. Usually, technical terms are defined differently according to their domains. Therefore, a new terminological approach will avoid semantic vagueness as synonymy, antonymy, risk of confusion, hypernymy-hyponymy relations and polysemy, homonymy, etc.. For example, the terms ＂localization＂ and ＂positioning＂ are prototypes for this semantic vagueness. The objective of the iglos （＂intelligent glossary＂） terminology work of the Institute of Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering of the Technische Universigit Braunschweig is to clarify the multilingual and multidisciplinary misunderstanding between special languages of different domains by standardizing the definitions of technical terms. The focus of this paper lies on semantic problems of English navigation terminology in railway traffic domain and the clarification of the semantic vagueness between its terms with a modeling process and a linguistic method with different criteria. Finally, the result of these approaches should be a consistent navigation terminology in the railway domain.展开更多
The teaching approach to EIB （English for International Business） has oeen a prolongeu and controversial issue all over the world. It is true that the economic integration and globalization has long brought differen...The teaching approach to EIB （English for International Business） has oeen a prolongeu and controversial issue all over the world. It is true that the economic integration and globalization has long brought different nations much closer than ever before. Teachers of EIB in the east like China, however, still differ, to some extent, from those in the west in their teaching methodology. This article aims to combine the ultimate goal of EIB teaching with the present teaching style of EIB in some Chinese universities and colleges, find the problem that disturbs and even frustrates some Chinese teachers, and suggest a way to cope with the headache.展开更多
文摘Civil engineering works require the selection of soil-type materials and the assessment of their geomechanical characteristics. However, the lack of relevant geotechnical mapping to facilitate the prediction of granular material zones for civil engineering works in Benin means that very costly and sometimes inconclusive prospecting has to be undertaken for each project. The aim of this study is to contribute to the availability of geotechnical mapping in Benin. For this purpose, and in order to capitalize on the data, the proposed methodological approach is based on the systematic and controlled recording of data produced by laboratories during geotechnical and geological surveys for road construction projects. To this end, a web platform called ROAD MAT has been designed for data recording. This platform has been tested using data from test results from sixteen boreholes drilled in the Mono department. These results show a predominance of soil class G2 and CBR class P2. The database is steadily expanding, and its use by stakeholders will make it possible to collect and centralize vital data to define benchmarks for greater control of geotechnical risks. This work therefore constitutes a blueprint for the development of geotechnical mapping in Benin.
文摘English teachers in China have seldom employed communicative teaching methodology. This paper reviews the research on communicative teaching in various areas, including the foundations of the approach, the principles, the methodology and some techniques as well as the test in communicative teaching. This paper argues that the essence of communicative approach is that the students are prepared to meet the need of communication in the real world and this approach has a positive effect on students＇ achievements. Accordingly, it is hoped that communicative teaching approach will be more widely used in China.
文摘This paper briefly introduces the principles of the Lexical Approach, based on the classroom observations and surveys of six college English teachers who have taken lexical ideas into their classrooms, demonstrates the changes in methodology and efficiency of classroom teaching which involves implementing the Lexical Approach, and emphasizes that implementing the Lexical Approach in classroom teaching is more successful in training students＇ comprehensive skills than previous practice.
文摘The aim of the paper is to explore the main paradigms and methodology of social research,framing them in historical path and highlighting the epistemological foundations.It moves from reflection on research methodology as a‘discourse of method’to focus on the paradigmatic dimension of the social sciences,according to Kuhn’s meaning for which paradigm indicates a shared and recognized theoretical perspective within the scientific community.The paper highlights the role of paradigms in shaping theoretical and empirical inquiry.It further examines the positivist and neo-positivist paradigms,which emphasize observation and empirical verifiability,quantification,formulation of laws,and cause-and-effect relationships,arguing for the uniqueness of the scientific method.Lazarsfeld brings to the social sciences the language‘of variables’,borrowed from mathematics and statistics.The distinction introduced by Windelband between‘nomothetic’and‘idiographic’sciences is followed by Weber’s elaboration of the concept of‘Verstehen’,which shifts the focus to the understanding of social reality through the meanings that individuals attribute to their actions.The interpretive paradigm paves the way for qualitative research methods.Finally,the paper delves into the complexity paradigm,which challenges the reductionist and deterministic models of classical science and outlines an epistemological shift in the key notions of science,introducing concepts such as‘emergence’,‘auto-eco-organization’and‘recursive processes’.The complexity of social reality calls for a rethinking of sociological methods,favoring multidimensional and event-based analysis over statistical regularities,privileging observation,intervention and the‘in vivo method’on the level of empirical research.Complexity pushes sociology to redefine itself along with its object traditionally understood as‘society’.
文摘The technical progress and the globalization accelerate rapidly the development of new disciplines and sub-disciplines. Consequently, new and specific terminology is necessary. In addition, the interdisciplinarity contributes as well to the development of communication problems between non-professionals and experts of a special domain or between experts of different domains--as well at international level. Usually, technical terms are defined differently according to their domains. Therefore, a new terminological approach will avoid semantic vagueness as synonymy, antonymy, risk of confusion, hypernymy-hyponymy relations and polysemy, homonymy, etc.. For example, the terms ＂localization＂ and ＂positioning＂ are prototypes for this semantic vagueness. The objective of the iglos （＂intelligent glossary＂） terminology work of the Institute of Traffic Safety and Automation Engineering of the Technische Universigit Braunschweig is to clarify the multilingual and multidisciplinary misunderstanding between special languages of different domains by standardizing the definitions of technical terms. The focus of this paper lies on semantic problems of English navigation terminology in railway traffic domain and the clarification of the semantic vagueness between its terms with a modeling process and a linguistic method with different criteria. Finally, the result of these approaches should be a consistent navigation terminology in the railway domain.
文摘The teaching approach to EIB （English for International Business） has oeen a prolongeu and controversial issue all over the world. It is true that the economic integration and globalization has long brought different nations much closer than ever before. Teachers of EIB in the east like China, however, still differ, to some extent, from those in the west in their teaching methodology. This article aims to combine the ultimate goal of EIB teaching with the present teaching style of EIB in some Chinese universities and colleges, find the problem that disturbs and even frustrates some Chinese teachers, and suggest a way to cope with the headache.
