BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)is a rare fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm that affects spindle cell soft tissues with broad-spectrum biological behavior;it is predominantly benign,and rarely metastasizes.SFT o...BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)is a rare fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm that affects spindle cell soft tissues with broad-spectrum biological behavior;it is predominantly benign,and rarely metastasizes.SFT occurs mainly in the tissue structure of the serosa in the pleura and the thorax,and can be found throughout the body,though extra-thoracic localization,including the cephalic region,is uncommon.We reported the first case of intracranial malignant SFT metastasized to the chest wall.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital due to progressive gait disturbance and appetite loss.His medical history included partial resection due to brain tumor,four times,and 50-Gray radiation therapy at another hospital,starting when he was 74 years old.An unenhanced head computed tomography(CT)scan revealed an 8 cm×5.1 cm×6.5 cm mixed-density mass at the left frontal lobe,accompanying a midline shift,and an unenhanced chest-abdomen CT scan revealed a 6 cm×4.1 cm×6.5 cm low-density mass in the left chest wall.A CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was performed,and the pathological findings were SFT corresponding to brain tumor.Finally,the correct diagnosis of his brain tumor in history of past illness revealed to be SFT,and the unremovable tumor,namely present brain lesions enlarged and metastasized to the chest wall.We established a definitive diagnosis of intracranial malignant SFT metastasized to the chest wall.We notified him and his family of the disease,and offered palliative care.He passed away on the 29 th hospital day.CONCLUSION This case suggests the need for careful,detailed examination,and careful followup when encountering patients presenting with a mass.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect and clinical value of preoperative chemotherapy on the treatment of metastasized lymph nodes in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods We studied the pathological resu...Objective To investigate the effect and clinical value of preoperative chemotherapy on the treatment of metastasized lymph nodes in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods We studied the pathological results of primary lesions and lymph nodes of 97 patients with advanced esophageal cancer between 1996 and 1999,62 patients were treated by preoperative chemotherapy and 35 patients were treated by surgery only. Results The metas- tasized rate and degree of mediastinum in preoperative group were 16.1% and 4.7% ,whereas 65.7% and 34.2% in the surgery only group (P<0.05) ;That of abdomen in preoperative group were 25.8% and 6.6% ,whereas 48.6% and 12.0% in the surgery only group (P<0.05). Conclusion Preparative chemotherapy is effective not only against the primary lesions but also the metastasized lymph nodes. The lower complete response rate of the metastasized lymph may account for the unsatisfied long-term results. Whole resection of primary lesions and lymph nodes are still very important for a better prognosis even for patients who have a good response for the preoperative chemotherapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)metastasis from breast cancer(BC)is rarely encountered in clinical practice.Nonspecific symptoms and long intervals make early diagnosis difficult.Therefore,increased awareness of GI met...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)metastasis from breast cancer(BC)is rarely encountered in clinical practice.Nonspecific symptoms and long intervals make early diagnosis difficult.Therefore,increased awareness of GI metastasis secondary to BC and a deep understanding of the clinical and pathological features,and intervention for GI metastasis are fundamental to avoid delay in correct diagnosis and management.CASE SUMMARY The present report discusses the case of a Chinese female patient aged 36 years.The patient presented with difficult defecation along with bloody stools and hypogastralgia.In 2015,she had undergone right modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection in another hospital to treat the infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma pT1N1M0.The presenting symptoms were investigated by colonoscopy,which indicated a circumferential stricture in the lower rectum at 3 cm from the anal edge.Further investigation with positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed an uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose within the distal rectum as well as in the left acetabulum.The samples from laparoscopic exploration were biopsied,which revealed metastases of BC.Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor confirmed that the patient had rectal metastasis of infiltrating ductal BC.CONCLUSION Rectal metastasis should be considered when patients with a history of BC present with changed bowel habits.展开更多
Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcom...Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND The liver,as the main target organ for hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer,early and accurate prediction of liver metastasis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.Herein,this study...BACKGROUND The liver,as the main target organ for hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer,early and accurate prediction of liver metastasis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.Herein,this study aims to investigate the application value of a combined machine learning(ML)based model based on the multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of rectal metachronous liver metastasis(MLM).AIM To investigate the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging images of preoperative first diagnosed rectal cancer in predicting MLM from rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 301 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by surgical pathology at Jingzhou Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.All participants were randomly assigned to the training or validation queue in a 7:3 ratio.We first apply generalized linear regression model(GLRM)and random forest model(RFM)algorithm to construct an MLM prediction model in the training queue,and evaluate the discriminative power of the MLM prediction model using area under curve(AUC)and decision curve analysis(DCA).Then,the robustness and generalizability of the MLM prediction model were evaluated based on the internal validation set between the validation queue groups.RESULTS Among the 301 patients included in the study,16.28%were ultimately diagnosed with MLM through pathological examination.Multivariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen,and magnetic resonance imaging radiomics were independent predictors of MLM.Then,the GLRM prediction model was developed with a comprehensive nomogram to achieve satisfactory differentiation.The prediction performance of GLRM in the training and validation queue was 0.765[95%confidence interval(CI):0.710-0.820]and 0.767(95%CI:0.712-0.822),respectively.Compared with GLRM,RFM achieved superior performance with AUC of 0.919(95%CI:0.868-0.970)and 0.901(95%CI:0.850-0.952)in the training and validation queue,respectively.The DCA indicated that the predictive ability and net profit of clinical RFM were improved.CONCLUSION By combining multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging with the effectiveness and robustness of ML-based predictive models,the proposed clinical RFM can serve as an insight tool for preoperative assessment of MLM risk stratification and provide important information for individual diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer patients.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Despite advances in early detection and treatment,approximately half of patients with CRC develop liver metastases(LM),comp...Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Despite advances in early detection and treatment,approximately half of patients with CRC develop liver metastases(LM),complicating therapeutic strategies and reducing survival rates.Radiological imaging is critical in managing colorectal LM by guiding detection,staging,treatment planning,and response evaluation.This letter to the editor provides a comprehensive overview of both traditional and emerging imaging modalities,including computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography,and their specific roles in clinical decision-making.It further explores advanced techniques such as radiomics,artificial intelligence,and radiogenomics,which integrate quantitative imaging features with genetic and clinical data to enhance prognostication and tailor personalized treatment approaches.Specific examples of how these innovations are applied in treatment response assessment and presurgical planning are highlighted.The discussion also emphasizes the need for large-scale prospective clinical trials and standardized protocols to validate current predictive models and fully integrate these advanced methodologies into clinical practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND Flat bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancers,often resulting in severe pain,limited mobility,and reduced quality of life(QOL).Traditional treatment options,such as radiotherapy or syste...BACKGROUND Flat bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancers,often resulting in severe pain,limited mobility,and reduced quality of life(QOL).Traditional treatment options,such as radiotherapy or systemic therapies,often fail to provide sufficient pain relief or improve functional outcomes in these patients.Microwave ablation(MWA)offers advantages,such as shorter pro-cedure times and larger ablation zones,while percutaneous osteoplasty(PO)enhances bone stability and prevents pathological fractures.Despite these be-nefits,the combination of these techniques for treating flat bone metastases re-mains underexplored.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of C-arm computed tomography(CT)-guided MWA combined with PO for managing painful flat bone metastases,focusing on pain relief,functional improvement,and QOL enhancement.METHODS A total of 45 patients with refractory moderate-to-severe pain resulting from flat bone metastases who underwent C-arm CT-guided MWA combined with PO between January 2015 and January 2021 were included.The efficacy of the pro-cedure was assessed by changes in the visual analog scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and QOL,as well as the occurrence of complications.Tumor response was evaluated using RECIST v1.1 and mRECIST criteria,with overall response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)as the primary end-points.RESULTS No serious complications were observed in any of the patients.A significant reduction in VAS and ODI was noted at 1 week,1 month,and 3 months post-procedure.A marked improvement in QOL was observed at all follow-up points.Bone cement extravasation was observed in 10 patients;however,none exhibited significant clinical symptoms.Based on RECIST v1.1,the ORR was 26.7%and the DCR was 88.9%.The mRECIST evaluation revealed a higher ORR of 51.1%and DCR of 88.9%.CONCLUSION C-arm CT-guided MWA with PO provides a dependable and effective strategy for managing flat bone metastases.It demonstrates significant pain relief,improved functional outcomes,and enhanced QOL.This treatment combination also shows promising tumor response rates with a low complication profile.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)frequently metastasizes to the liver,significantly compromising patient survival.While surgical resection improves outcomes for resectable cases,many patients have limited therapeutic ...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)frequently metastasizes to the liver,significantly compromising patient survival.While surgical resection improves outcomes for resectable cases,many patients have limited therapeutic options.AIM To evaluate the role of laparoscopic ultrasound in resection and ablation of colorectal liver metastases(CRLM).METHODS Between June 2018 and June 2020,300 patients with CRC and liver metastases were admitted to our hospital.They were divided into two groups(150 cases each)based on treatment method:The control group(ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging)and the observation group[contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid(S-CEUS)].RESULTS The study group demonstrated better efficacy(P<0.05),fewer adverse events(P<0.05),and better survival outcomes compared to the control group(1-year:80%vs 62%;3-year:54%vs 33%;5-year:32%vs 18%;median survival:48 months vs 30 months;hazard ratio=0.63,95%CI:0.48-0.83,P<0.001).Although Karnofsky Performance Status scores improved in both groups,the scores were significantly higher in the observation group(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis confirmed intraoperative S-CEUS and tumor differentiation as independent prognostic factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic ultrasound-guided resection/ablation improved outcomes in CRLM,reducing complications and enhancing survival.Intraoperative S-CEUS was an independent prognostic factor,supporting its clinical value.展开更多
Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Met...Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across Cochrane,PubMed,EMBASE(Ovid),CNKI,and Wanfang databases to identify original articles published between 2017 and 2023.Key words consisted of bone metastases,denosumab,and cost-effectiveness in the search strategy.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the revised Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards(CHEERS 2022).Data was extracted regarding methodological characteristics and cost-effectiveness analyses.Results A total of 111 studies were retrieved,of which 6 met the inclusion criteria.All included studies were based on clinical trials and published literature data and exhibited high methodological quality.Up to 83%(5 out of 6)of comparisons demonstrated that denosumab was more cost-effective or dominant compared to zoledronic acid.The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied substantially by tumor type,ranging from CZK 436,339.09 to USD 136,234 per skeletal-related event avoided and from CZK 61,580.95 to USD 118,392.11 per quality-adjusted life year gained.Conclusions The majority of the included studies support denosumab as a more cost-effective treatment option for bone metastases in solid tumors compared to zoledronic acid.The application of CHEER(2022)enhances the reliability of pharmacoeconomic evaluations.展开更多
The incidence of colorectal cancer is gradually increasing,and a majority of patients are diagnosed with distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis,with the liver being the most common site of metastasis.Unli...The incidence of colorectal cancer is gradually increasing,and a majority of patients are diagnosed with distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis,with the liver being the most common site of metastasis.Unlike most malignant tumors,patients with distant metastases can still achieve favorable prognoses if both the primary tumor and liver metastases are surgically resected.With ad-vances in systemic therapies,many patients with initially unresectable liver me-tastases from colorectal cancer can undergo systemic treatment to achieve con-version therapy,thereby gaining the opportunity for surgery.However,there is still no consensus on several issues,including the timing of systemic therapy before and after surgery,whether neoadjuvant therapy should be employed,and the choice between simultaneous or staged surgeries.This review aims to system-atically describe the current treatment landscape for colorectal cancer with liver metastases and highlight several unresolved controversial issues,providing valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal liver metastases.展开更多
Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,techno...Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.展开更多
A recent study by Long et al used a predictive model to explore the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in predicting metachronous liver metastasis(MLM)in newly diagnosed rectal c...A recent study by Long et al used a predictive model to explore the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in predicting metachronous liver metastasis(MLM)in newly diagnosed rectal cancer(RC)patients.The machine learning algorithms,particularly the random forest model(RFM),appeared well-matched to the complex nature of radiomics data.The predictive capabilities of the RFM,as evidenced by the area under the curve of 0.919 in the training cohort and 0.901 in the validation cohort,highlighted its potential clinical utility.However,we highlighted several methodological limi-tations,including excluding genomic markers,potential biases from the retro-spective design,limited generalizability due to a single-center study,and variability in image interpretation.We propose further investigation into inte-grating multi-omic data,conducting larger multicenter studies,and utilizing advanced imaging techniques.Additionally,we highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to improve predictive model development and advocate for cost-effectiveness analyses to facilitate clinical integration.Overall,this predictive model may improve the early detection and management of MLM in RC patients,with promising avenues for future exploration.Ongoing research in this domain can potentially improve clinical outcomes and the quality of care for RC patients.展开更多
The selection of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)for liver transplantation(LT)represents a significant challenge,requiring a balance between oncological outcomes and organ scarcity.Recent advance...The selection of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)for liver transplantation(LT)represents a significant challenge,requiring a balance between oncological outcomes and organ scarcity.Recent advancements in transplantation outcomes for CRLM have prompted the establishment of rigorous selection criteria to optimize patient survival and graft utilization.This review examines the key criteria used to select candidates for LT in this setting,with a focus on oncological factors,patient characteristics,and response to therapy.Eligible candidates are typically those with non-resectable liver-only CRLM,demonstrating controlled primary tumor disease.Tumor biology is a critical determinant,excluding patients exhibiting high-risk molecular features such as BRAF or RAS mutations.Furthermore,candidates must show a favorable response to systemic chemotherapy,with either tumor stability or reduction in size and no extrahepatic progression during a defined treatment period.Specific tumor burden scores,such as the Oslo score or criteria based on the number and size of lesions,aid in stratifying candidates with acceptable recurrence risks.Other factors,including age,performance status,and absence of significant comorbidities,are also pivotal.Long-term follow-up data highlight the importance of stringent patient selection,showing superior 5-year survival in patients meeting these criteria compared to those who do not.In conclusion,strict selection criteria based on tumor biology,systemic disease control,and patient-specific factors ensure optimized outcomes for LT in CRLM patients,marking a pivotal step toward broader clinical acceptance of this novel approach.展开更多
Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of functional MR in predicting the clinical response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases(CLM).Methods:A total of 196 eligible pat...Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of functional MR in predicting the clinical response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases(CLM).Methods:A total of 196 eligible patients were enrolled in the study between August 2016 and January 2023.Functional MR was performed at baseline and after one cycle of chemotherapy.The diffusion kurtosis radiomic texture features were extracted and a signature model was built using the R package.The initial 100 cases were designated as the training set,the following 48 cases were designated as the validation set,and the final 48 cases were designated as the intervention validation set.Results:Good performance for the response prediction(AUC=0.818 in the training set and 0.755 in the validation set)was demonstrated.The objective response rates(ORRs)in the high-risk subgroup were significantly lower than the low-risk subgroup in the training and validation sets.Worse progression-free survival and overall survival rates were noted in the high-risk population.In the intervention set 22.9%(11/48)of the chemotherapy regimens for patients were changed in response to the model-predicted results and the ORR reached 77.1%(37/48),which was significantly higher than the training and validation sets[47.97%(71/148);P=0.000].Conclusions:A functional MR signature effectively predicted the chemotherapy response and long-term survival.The adjustment of the regimen guided by the model significantly improved the ORR.展开更多
BACKGROUND The feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for oligometastatic colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)have been well established.However,the role of RFA in multiple metastases after first-line chem...BACKGROUND The feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for oligometastatic colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)have been well established.However,the role of RFA in multiple metastases after first-line chemotherapy failure remains underexplored.AIM To assess long-term survival and factors affecting outcomes of RFA in patients with multiple refractory CRLM.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent ablation of CRLM at our institution between January 2015 and June 2024.A total of 80 patients were included,with 42 individuals receiving single-session ablation and 38 underwent repeat ablation.Enhanced computed tomography imaging was utilized to evaluate procedural efficacy 24 hours post-RFA,followed by follow-up scans every 3-4 months.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were compared at endpoint using Kaplan-Meier curves.Cox regression was used to identify the factors associated with OS and PFS.RESULTS The technical success rate was recorded at 98.7%.At endpoint,42(52.5%)patients achieved tumor-free survival,while 28(35%)remained alive with residual tumors present.No significant OS/PFS differences existed between single-session(median follow-up 29.5 months,median PFS 24.5 months)and repeat ablation(30 months,14 months)cohorts(P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size(P<0.001)and older age(P=0.01)were associated with worse OS.The median PFS was 13.5 months,with tumor size emerging as the only independent predictor(P=0.04).CONCLUSION For patients with multiple refractory CRLM,both single-session ablation and repeat ablation can increase the proportion of patients achieving tumor-free status.However,careful consideration is necessary for ablation of metastases larger than 2.7 cm.展开更多
Hepatic arterial infusion(HAI)chemotherapy,first introduced in the 1980s,has gained recognition as an effective locoregional treatment for colorectal liver metastasis(CRLM).Initially used for unresectable liver metast...Hepatic arterial infusion(HAI)chemotherapy,first introduced in the 1980s,has gained recognition as an effective locoregional treatment for colorectal liver metastasis(CRLM).Initially used for unresectable liver metastases,HAI’s app-lication has expanded to the adjuvant setting following hepatic resection,with early studies indicating improved hepatic disease-free survival.Recent research demonstrates that combining HAI with modern systemic therapies enhances conversion to resectability and prolongs both recurrence-free and overall survival,even in heavily pretreated patients with diverse RAS mutational statuses.Person-alization through approaches like microsatellite instability status and dose mo-difications further optimize outcomes.However,the complexity of HAI requires expertise across multidisciplinary teams,limiting its widespread adoption to specialized centers.Ongoing clinical trials continue to investigate HAI’s role in CRLM management,highlighting its potential to become a cornerstone of liver-directed therapy.We explore how HAI chemotherapy,in combination with personalized medicine,can advance treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ampullary adenocarcinomas are a rare disease.They can be classified anatomically or according to their histology into intestinal,pancreatobiliary,and mixed subtypes,with different subtypes having distinct p...BACKGROUND Ampullary adenocarcinomas are a rare disease.They can be classified anatomically or according to their histology into intestinal,pancreatobiliary,and mixed subtypes,with different subtypes having distinct prognoses and potential treatments.We report a clinical case of a patient with mixed type adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater,with predominantly intestinal histology,associated with an isolated and synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis.It is the only case reported in the literature of duodenal ampulla cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases,with long-term survival.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male patient with non-insulin-dependent diabetes presented with acute abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium.Images revealed dilatation of the biliary tract and the duct of Wirsung,without a clear obstructive factor.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a tumor in the duodenal papilla.Biopsies confirmed an adenocarcinoma.In the first surgical step,a biliodigestive bypass was performed in association with resection of the carcinomatosis.Peritoneal metastases was found during the intraoperative period.Subsequently,chemotherapy with the folinic acid,fluorouracil,and oxaliplatin regimen was administered based on histology,and a favorable response was achieved.After a multidisciplinary discussion,the Whipple procedure was performed.A delayed biopsy showed disease-free margins.The patient achieved 5 years of overall survival in August 2024,and 4 years of disease-free survival in September 2024.CONCLUSION We conclude that an important value of this work is showing individualized treatment for a patient with cancer.展开更多
Background:Liver metastases are a leading contributor to death among patients with colorectal cancer.Current clinical treatments,such as resection and systemic chemotherapy,are only applicable in a portion of cases.Mo...Background:Liver metastases are a leading contributor to death among patients with colorectal cancer.Current clinical treatments,such as resection and systemic chemotherapy,are only applicable in a portion of cases.More effective medical interventions,including those involving traditional Chinese medicine,could be beneficial for patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer to prevent the progression to liver metastasis.Xiaoyaosan(XYS)is a classical prescription in traditional Chinese medicine with a history of hundreds of years.Despite its well-known protective effects against breast cancer,the understanding of its application in colorectal cancer metastases remains limited.The anti-metastasis mechanism of XYS remains to be elucidated.In this research,we explored the impact of XYS against liver metastases of colorectal cancer and its potential mechanisms.Methods:Thirty-six SPF male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a control group,a model group,a DNase I group,and three XYS treatment groups receiving high,medium,and low doses,respectively.A mouse model for colorectal cancer liver metastasis was established through the splenic injection of MC38 cells.Twenty-one days after the injection of cancer cells,the number of metastatic foci and the weights of the liver were calculated,and HE staining was performed to evaluate the effect of XYS.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)formation in the liver was detected by immunofluorescence staining,and NETs formation in the serum was detected by ELISA.The levels of CXCL1,CXCL2,G-CSF,and HMGB1 were determined using ELISA kits.The expression levels of the proteins p-p38,p38,p-ERK,and ERK were assessed using Western blot analysis.Results:XYS treatment reduced the number of metastatic foci,the weights of metastatic livers,and the infiltration area of tumor-like cells.XYS could inhibit NETs formation in the liver and serum of mice with metastasis.The concentrations of CXCL1,CXCL2,G-CSF,and HMGB1 were significantly decreased in all XYS-treated groups.Moreover,XYS down-regulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated p38 and ERK.Conclusion:XYS could attenuate liver metastases of colorectal cancer in vivo.The inhibitory mechanism of XYS may involve the reduction of NETs formation through the regulation of tumor-derived factors and the downstream MAPKs(p38,ERK)signaling pathway.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver metastases are very common in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs).When surgical resection is possible,it is typically associated with survival benefits in patients with pNET and liver metastases.P...BACKGROUND Liver metastases are very common in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs).When surgical resection is possible,it is typically associated with survival benefits in patients with pNET and liver metastases.Patient-derived organoids are a powerful preclinical platform that show great potential for predicting treatment response,and they have been increasingly applied in precision medicine and cancer research.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of in-termittent dull pain in the upper abdomen for over 3 years.Computerized to-mography showed multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver and a neoplasm in the pancreatic body.Pathological results suggested a grade 3 pancreas-derived hepatic neuroendocrine tumor.In combination with relevant examinations,the patient was diagnosed with pNET with liver metastases(grade 3).Transarterial chemoembolization was initially performed with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil,after which the chemotherapy regimen was switched to liposomal irinotecan and cisplatin for a subsequent perfusion,guided by organoid-based drug sensitivity testing.Following interventional treatment,the tumor had decreased in size.However,due to poor treatment compliance and the patient’s preference for sur-INTRODUCTION Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs)are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from pancreatic islet cells,with variations in histology,clinical characteristics,and prognosis[1].They may present as non-infiltrative,slow-growing tumors,locally invasive tumors,or even rapidly metastasizing tumors[2].Most metastases localize to the liver,and approximately 28%-77%of patients with pNETs will experience liver metastases in their lifetime[3].Patients with liver metastases may be subjected to local complications such as biliary obstruction,liver insufficiency,and carcinoid syndrome.Additionally,liver metastases are a major risk factor for the prognosis of patients with pNETs[4].When feasible,surgical resection is significantly associated with the best long-term survival outcomes[5].Therefore,for patients with pNET liver metastases,comprehensive assessment and multidisciplinary approaches are required to determine the feasibility of surgical resection and the optimal treatment to improve the prognosis.Over the past decade,the advent of in vitro three-dimensional technologies including organoids has revolutionized the development of human cancer models.Patient-derived organoids(PDOs),an in vitro three-dimensional microstructure,can faithfully recapitulate the intricate spatial architecture and cell heterogeneity of the tissue,and simulate the biological behaviors and functions of parental tumors while preserving biological,genetic and molecular features[6,7].As a po-werful preclinical platform,PDOs have been increasingly applied in precision medicine and cancer research.Importantly,there is a significant association between the use of PDO-based drug sensitivity testing and clinical responses to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and targeted therapy in multiple cancer types[8-10].Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm organoids have been confirmed to retain the pathohistological and functional phenotypes of parental tumors[7],their roles in the prediction of clinical outcomes have not been presented.Here,we report a case of pNET with liver metastases who successfully received surgical resection after personalized treatment guided by PDO-based drug sensitivity testing,resulting in a favorable prognosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Some patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)may have distant metastases,undetected on preoperative imaging or early recurrence,within 6 months after surgery....BACKGROUND Some patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)may have distant metastases,undetected on preoperative imaging or early recurrence,within 6 months after surgery.Occult metastases(OMs)must be accurately predicted to optimize multidisciplinary treatment.AIM To investigate the efficacy of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)in predicting OM.METHODS Two Japanese institutions prospectively collected preoperative plasma samples from PDAC patients between July 2019 and September 2021 and evaluated ctDNA using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel covering 52 cancer-related genes.RESULTS Among 135 PDAC patients,38 had OM and 35 were positive for ctDNA.The ctDNA positivity rate was significantly higher in patients with OM than in patients without OM.ctDNA-positive patients had significantly shorter median recurrence-free survival than ctDNA-negative patients.Logistic multivariate regression revealed ctDNA positivity as an independent predictor of OM.CONCLUSION Preoperative ctDNA in resectable PDAC is an independent predictor of OM and indicates poor prognosis following pancreatectomy and may be a useful biomarker in determining multidisciplinary patient care.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Solitary fibrous tumor(SFT)is a rare fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasm that affects spindle cell soft tissues with broad-spectrum biological behavior;it is predominantly benign,and rarely metastasizes.SFT occurs mainly in the tissue structure of the serosa in the pleura and the thorax,and can be found throughout the body,though extra-thoracic localization,including the cephalic region,is uncommon.We reported the first case of intracranial malignant SFT metastasized to the chest wall.CASE SUMMARY An 81-year-old Japanese man was referred to our hospital due to progressive gait disturbance and appetite loss.His medical history included partial resection due to brain tumor,four times,and 50-Gray radiation therapy at another hospital,starting when he was 74 years old.An unenhanced head computed tomography(CT)scan revealed an 8 cm×5.1 cm×6.5 cm mixed-density mass at the left frontal lobe,accompanying a midline shift,and an unenhanced chest-abdomen CT scan revealed a 6 cm×4.1 cm×6.5 cm low-density mass in the left chest wall.A CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy was performed,and the pathological findings were SFT corresponding to brain tumor.Finally,the correct diagnosis of his brain tumor in history of past illness revealed to be SFT,and the unremovable tumor,namely present brain lesions enlarged and metastasized to the chest wall.We established a definitive diagnosis of intracranial malignant SFT metastasized to the chest wall.We notified him and his family of the disease,and offered palliative care.He passed away on the 29 th hospital day.CONCLUSION This case suggests the need for careful,detailed examination,and careful followup when encountering patients presenting with a mass.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect and clinical value of preoperative chemotherapy on the treatment of metastasized lymph nodes in patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods We studied the pathological results of primary lesions and lymph nodes of 97 patients with advanced esophageal cancer between 1996 and 1999,62 patients were treated by preoperative chemotherapy and 35 patients were treated by surgery only. Results The metas- tasized rate and degree of mediastinum in preoperative group were 16.1% and 4.7% ,whereas 65.7% and 34.2% in the surgery only group (P<0.05) ;That of abdomen in preoperative group were 25.8% and 6.6% ,whereas 48.6% and 12.0% in the surgery only group (P<0.05). Conclusion Preparative chemotherapy is effective not only against the primary lesions but also the metastasized lymph nodes. The lower complete response rate of the metastasized lymph may account for the unsatisfied long-term results. Whole resection of primary lesions and lymph nodes are still very important for a better prognosis even for patients who have a good response for the preoperative chemotherapy.
基金Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province,No.2020SCZT079.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal(GI)metastasis from breast cancer(BC)is rarely encountered in clinical practice.Nonspecific symptoms and long intervals make early diagnosis difficult.Therefore,increased awareness of GI metastasis secondary to BC and a deep understanding of the clinical and pathological features,and intervention for GI metastasis are fundamental to avoid delay in correct diagnosis and management.CASE SUMMARY The present report discusses the case of a Chinese female patient aged 36 years.The patient presented with difficult defecation along with bloody stools and hypogastralgia.In 2015,she had undergone right modified radical mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection in another hospital to treat the infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma pT1N1M0.The presenting symptoms were investigated by colonoscopy,which indicated a circumferential stricture in the lower rectum at 3 cm from the anal edge.Further investigation with positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed an uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose within the distal rectum as well as in the left acetabulum.The samples from laparoscopic exploration were biopsied,which revealed metastases of BC.Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor confirmed that the patient had rectal metastasis of infiltrating ductal BC.CONCLUSION Rectal metastasis should be considered when patients with a history of BC present with changed bowel habits.
文摘Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
文摘BACKGROUND The liver,as the main target organ for hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer,early and accurate prediction of liver metastasis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients.Herein,this study aims to investigate the application value of a combined machine learning(ML)based model based on the multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of rectal metachronous liver metastasis(MLM).AIM To investigate the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging images of preoperative first diagnosed rectal cancer in predicting MLM from rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 301 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by surgical pathology at Jingzhou Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023.All participants were randomly assigned to the training or validation queue in a 7:3 ratio.We first apply generalized linear regression model(GLRM)and random forest model(RFM)algorithm to construct an MLM prediction model in the training queue,and evaluate the discriminative power of the MLM prediction model using area under curve(AUC)and decision curve analysis(DCA).Then,the robustness and generalizability of the MLM prediction model were evaluated based on the internal validation set between the validation queue groups.RESULTS Among the 301 patients included in the study,16.28%were ultimately diagnosed with MLM through pathological examination.Multivariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen,and magnetic resonance imaging radiomics were independent predictors of MLM.Then,the GLRM prediction model was developed with a comprehensive nomogram to achieve satisfactory differentiation.The prediction performance of GLRM in the training and validation queue was 0.765[95%confidence interval(CI):0.710-0.820]and 0.767(95%CI:0.712-0.822),respectively.Compared with GLRM,RFM achieved superior performance with AUC of 0.919(95%CI:0.868-0.970)and 0.901(95%CI:0.850-0.952)in the training and validation queue,respectively.The DCA indicated that the predictive ability and net profit of clinical RFM were improved.CONCLUSION By combining multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging with the effectiveness and robustness of ML-based predictive models,the proposed clinical RFM can serve as an insight tool for preoperative assessment of MLM risk stratification and provide important information for individual diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer patients.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide.Despite advances in early detection and treatment,approximately half of patients with CRC develop liver metastases(LM),complicating therapeutic strategies and reducing survival rates.Radiological imaging is critical in managing colorectal LM by guiding detection,staging,treatment planning,and response evaluation.This letter to the editor provides a comprehensive overview of both traditional and emerging imaging modalities,including computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography,and their specific roles in clinical decision-making.It further explores advanced techniques such as radiomics,artificial intelligence,and radiogenomics,which integrate quantitative imaging features with genetic and clinical data to enhance prognostication and tailor personalized treatment approaches.Specific examples of how these innovations are applied in treatment response assessment and presurgical planning are highlighted.The discussion also emphasizes the need for large-scale prospective clinical trials and standardized protocols to validate current predictive models and fully integrate these advanced methodologies into clinical practice.
文摘BACKGROUND Flat bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancers,often resulting in severe pain,limited mobility,and reduced quality of life(QOL).Traditional treatment options,such as radiotherapy or systemic therapies,often fail to provide sufficient pain relief or improve functional outcomes in these patients.Microwave ablation(MWA)offers advantages,such as shorter pro-cedure times and larger ablation zones,while percutaneous osteoplasty(PO)enhances bone stability and prevents pathological fractures.Despite these be-nefits,the combination of these techniques for treating flat bone metastases re-mains underexplored.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of C-arm computed tomography(CT)-guided MWA combined with PO for managing painful flat bone metastases,focusing on pain relief,functional improvement,and QOL enhancement.METHODS A total of 45 patients with refractory moderate-to-severe pain resulting from flat bone metastases who underwent C-arm CT-guided MWA combined with PO between January 2015 and January 2021 were included.The efficacy of the pro-cedure was assessed by changes in the visual analog scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI),and QOL,as well as the occurrence of complications.Tumor response was evaluated using RECIST v1.1 and mRECIST criteria,with overall response rate(ORR)and disease control rate(DCR)as the primary end-points.RESULTS No serious complications were observed in any of the patients.A significant reduction in VAS and ODI was noted at 1 week,1 month,and 3 months post-procedure.A marked improvement in QOL was observed at all follow-up points.Bone cement extravasation was observed in 10 patients;however,none exhibited significant clinical symptoms.Based on RECIST v1.1,the ORR was 26.7%and the DCR was 88.9%.The mRECIST evaluation revealed a higher ORR of 51.1%and DCR of 88.9%.CONCLUSION C-arm CT-guided MWA with PO provides a dependable and effective strategy for managing flat bone metastases.It demonstrates significant pain relief,improved functional outcomes,and enhanced QOL.This treatment combination also shows promising tumor response rates with a low complication profile.
基金Supported by National Clinical Key Specialty Major Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission in 2023,No.Z2023165.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)frequently metastasizes to the liver,significantly compromising patient survival.While surgical resection improves outcomes for resectable cases,many patients have limited therapeutic options.AIM To evaluate the role of laparoscopic ultrasound in resection and ablation of colorectal liver metastases(CRLM).METHODS Between June 2018 and June 2020,300 patients with CRC and liver metastases were admitted to our hospital.They were divided into two groups(150 cases each)based on treatment method:The control group(ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging)and the observation group[contrast-enhanced ultrasound with Sonazoid(S-CEUS)].RESULTS The study group demonstrated better efficacy(P<0.05),fewer adverse events(P<0.05),and better survival outcomes compared to the control group(1-year:80%vs 62%;3-year:54%vs 33%;5-year:32%vs 18%;median survival:48 months vs 30 months;hazard ratio=0.63,95%CI:0.48-0.83,P<0.001).Although Karnofsky Performance Status scores improved in both groups,the scores were significantly higher in the observation group(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis confirmed intraoperative S-CEUS and tumor differentiation as independent prognostic factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Laparoscopic ultrasound-guided resection/ablation improved outcomes in CRLM,reducing complications and enhancing survival.Intraoperative S-CEUS was an independent prognostic factor,supporting its clinical value.
文摘Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across Cochrane,PubMed,EMBASE(Ovid),CNKI,and Wanfang databases to identify original articles published between 2017 and 2023.Key words consisted of bone metastases,denosumab,and cost-effectiveness in the search strategy.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the revised Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards(CHEERS 2022).Data was extracted regarding methodological characteristics and cost-effectiveness analyses.Results A total of 111 studies were retrieved,of which 6 met the inclusion criteria.All included studies were based on clinical trials and published literature data and exhibited high methodological quality.Up to 83%(5 out of 6)of comparisons demonstrated that denosumab was more cost-effective or dominant compared to zoledronic acid.The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied substantially by tumor type,ranging from CZK 436,339.09 to USD 136,234 per skeletal-related event avoided and from CZK 61,580.95 to USD 118,392.11 per quality-adjusted life year gained.Conclusions The majority of the included studies support denosumab as a more cost-effective treatment option for bone metastases in solid tumors compared to zoledronic acid.The application of CHEER(2022)enhances the reliability of pharmacoeconomic evaluations.
基金Supported by the Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Science and Technology,No.Qian Ke He Cheng Guo-LC[2024]109.
文摘The incidence of colorectal cancer is gradually increasing,and a majority of patients are diagnosed with distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis,with the liver being the most common site of metastasis.Unlike most malignant tumors,patients with distant metastases can still achieve favorable prognoses if both the primary tumor and liver metastases are surgically resected.With ad-vances in systemic therapies,many patients with initially unresectable liver me-tastases from colorectal cancer can undergo systemic treatment to achieve con-version therapy,thereby gaining the opportunity for surgery.However,there is still no consensus on several issues,including the timing of systemic therapy before and after surgery,whether neoadjuvant therapy should be employed,and the choice between simultaneous or staged surgeries.This review aims to system-atically describe the current treatment landscape for colorectal cancer with liver metastases and highlight several unresolved controversial issues,providing valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal liver metastases.
文摘Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.
文摘A recent study by Long et al used a predictive model to explore the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in predicting metachronous liver metastasis(MLM)in newly diagnosed rectal cancer(RC)patients.The machine learning algorithms,particularly the random forest model(RFM),appeared well-matched to the complex nature of radiomics data.The predictive capabilities of the RFM,as evidenced by the area under the curve of 0.919 in the training cohort and 0.901 in the validation cohort,highlighted its potential clinical utility.However,we highlighted several methodological limi-tations,including excluding genomic markers,potential biases from the retro-spective design,limited generalizability due to a single-center study,and variability in image interpretation.We propose further investigation into inte-grating multi-omic data,conducting larger multicenter studies,and utilizing advanced imaging techniques.Additionally,we highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to improve predictive model development and advocate for cost-effectiveness analyses to facilitate clinical integration.Overall,this predictive model may improve the early detection and management of MLM in RC patients,with promising avenues for future exploration.Ongoing research in this domain can potentially improve clinical outcomes and the quality of care for RC patients.
文摘The selection of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases(CRLM)for liver transplantation(LT)represents a significant challenge,requiring a balance between oncological outcomes and organ scarcity.Recent advancements in transplantation outcomes for CRLM have prompted the establishment of rigorous selection criteria to optimize patient survival and graft utilization.This review examines the key criteria used to select candidates for LT in this setting,with a focus on oncological factors,patient characteristics,and response to therapy.Eligible candidates are typically those with non-resectable liver-only CRLM,demonstrating controlled primary tumor disease.Tumor biology is a critical determinant,excluding patients exhibiting high-risk molecular features such as BRAF or RAS mutations.Furthermore,candidates must show a favorable response to systemic chemotherapy,with either tumor stability or reduction in size and no extrahepatic progression during a defined treatment period.Specific tumor burden scores,such as the Oslo score or criteria based on the number and size of lesions,aid in stratifying candidates with acceptable recurrence risks.Other factors,including age,performance status,and absence of significant comorbidities,are also pivotal.Long-term follow-up data highlight the importance of stringent patient selection,showing superior 5-year survival in patients meeting these criteria compared to those who do not.In conclusion,strict selection criteria based on tumor biology,systemic disease control,and patient-specific factors ensure optimized outcomes for LT in CRLM patients,marking a pivotal step toward broader clinical acceptance of this novel approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.82271946 and 82202101)Innovative Achievement Transformation of Shenkang MedicalEnterprise Integration(Grant no.SHDC2023CRD014)。
文摘Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of functional MR in predicting the clinical response to chemotherapy in patients with colorectal liver metastases(CLM).Methods:A total of 196 eligible patients were enrolled in the study between August 2016 and January 2023.Functional MR was performed at baseline and after one cycle of chemotherapy.The diffusion kurtosis radiomic texture features were extracted and a signature model was built using the R package.The initial 100 cases were designated as the training set,the following 48 cases were designated as the validation set,and the final 48 cases were designated as the intervention validation set.Results:Good performance for the response prediction(AUC=0.818 in the training set and 0.755 in the validation set)was demonstrated.The objective response rates(ORRs)in the high-risk subgroup were significantly lower than the low-risk subgroup in the training and validation sets.Worse progression-free survival and overall survival rates were noted in the high-risk population.In the intervention set 22.9%(11/48)of the chemotherapy regimens for patients were changed in response to the model-predicted results and the ORR reached 77.1%(37/48),which was significantly higher than the training and validation sets[47.97%(71/148);P=0.000].Conclusions:A functional MR signature effectively predicted the chemotherapy response and long-term survival.The adjustment of the regimen guided by the model significantly improved the ORR.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82027803 and No.81971623Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2024C03092.
文摘BACKGROUND The feasibility and safety of radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for oligometastatic colorectal liver metastases(CRLM)have been well established.However,the role of RFA in multiple metastases after first-line chemotherapy failure remains underexplored.AIM To assess long-term survival and factors affecting outcomes of RFA in patients with multiple refractory CRLM.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent ablation of CRLM at our institution between January 2015 and June 2024.A total of 80 patients were included,with 42 individuals receiving single-session ablation and 38 underwent repeat ablation.Enhanced computed tomography imaging was utilized to evaluate procedural efficacy 24 hours post-RFA,followed by follow-up scans every 3-4 months.Progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS)rates were compared at endpoint using Kaplan-Meier curves.Cox regression was used to identify the factors associated with OS and PFS.RESULTS The technical success rate was recorded at 98.7%.At endpoint,42(52.5%)patients achieved tumor-free survival,while 28(35%)remained alive with residual tumors present.No significant OS/PFS differences existed between single-session(median follow-up 29.5 months,median PFS 24.5 months)and repeat ablation(30 months,14 months)cohorts(P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that larger tumor size(P<0.001)and older age(P=0.01)were associated with worse OS.The median PFS was 13.5 months,with tumor size emerging as the only independent predictor(P=0.04).CONCLUSION For patients with multiple refractory CRLM,both single-session ablation and repeat ablation can increase the proportion of patients achieving tumor-free status.However,careful consideration is necessary for ablation of metastases larger than 2.7 cm.
文摘Hepatic arterial infusion(HAI)chemotherapy,first introduced in the 1980s,has gained recognition as an effective locoregional treatment for colorectal liver metastasis(CRLM).Initially used for unresectable liver metastases,HAI’s app-lication has expanded to the adjuvant setting following hepatic resection,with early studies indicating improved hepatic disease-free survival.Recent research demonstrates that combining HAI with modern systemic therapies enhances conversion to resectability and prolongs both recurrence-free and overall survival,even in heavily pretreated patients with diverse RAS mutational statuses.Person-alization through approaches like microsatellite instability status and dose mo-difications further optimize outcomes.However,the complexity of HAI requires expertise across multidisciplinary teams,limiting its widespread adoption to specialized centers.Ongoing clinical trials continue to investigate HAI’s role in CRLM management,highlighting its potential to become a cornerstone of liver-directed therapy.We explore how HAI chemotherapy,in combination with personalized medicine,can advance treatment strategies for metastatic colorectal cancer.
文摘BACKGROUND Ampullary adenocarcinomas are a rare disease.They can be classified anatomically or according to their histology into intestinal,pancreatobiliary,and mixed subtypes,with different subtypes having distinct prognoses and potential treatments.We report a clinical case of a patient with mixed type adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater,with predominantly intestinal histology,associated with an isolated and synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis.It is the only case reported in the literature of duodenal ampulla cancer with synchronous peritoneal metastases,with long-term survival.CASE SUMMARY A 53-year-old male patient with non-insulin-dependent diabetes presented with acute abdominal pain in the right hypochondrium.Images revealed dilatation of the biliary tract and the duct of Wirsung,without a clear obstructive factor.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a tumor in the duodenal papilla.Biopsies confirmed an adenocarcinoma.In the first surgical step,a biliodigestive bypass was performed in association with resection of the carcinomatosis.Peritoneal metastases was found during the intraoperative period.Subsequently,chemotherapy with the folinic acid,fluorouracil,and oxaliplatin regimen was administered based on histology,and a favorable response was achieved.After a multidisciplinary discussion,the Whipple procedure was performed.A delayed biopsy showed disease-free margins.The patient achieved 5 years of overall survival in August 2024,and 4 years of disease-free survival in September 2024.CONCLUSION We conclude that an important value of this work is showing individualized treatment for a patient with cancer.
基金supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(grant number 2023NSFSC1809)Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(grant number 23ZYTS1004,21YY01).
文摘Background:Liver metastases are a leading contributor to death among patients with colorectal cancer.Current clinical treatments,such as resection and systemic chemotherapy,are only applicable in a portion of cases.More effective medical interventions,including those involving traditional Chinese medicine,could be beneficial for patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer to prevent the progression to liver metastasis.Xiaoyaosan(XYS)is a classical prescription in traditional Chinese medicine with a history of hundreds of years.Despite its well-known protective effects against breast cancer,the understanding of its application in colorectal cancer metastases remains limited.The anti-metastasis mechanism of XYS remains to be elucidated.In this research,we explored the impact of XYS against liver metastases of colorectal cancer and its potential mechanisms.Methods:Thirty-six SPF male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups:a control group,a model group,a DNase I group,and three XYS treatment groups receiving high,medium,and low doses,respectively.A mouse model for colorectal cancer liver metastasis was established through the splenic injection of MC38 cells.Twenty-one days after the injection of cancer cells,the number of metastatic foci and the weights of the liver were calculated,and HE staining was performed to evaluate the effect of XYS.Neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)formation in the liver was detected by immunofluorescence staining,and NETs formation in the serum was detected by ELISA.The levels of CXCL1,CXCL2,G-CSF,and HMGB1 were determined using ELISA kits.The expression levels of the proteins p-p38,p38,p-ERK,and ERK were assessed using Western blot analysis.Results:XYS treatment reduced the number of metastatic foci,the weights of metastatic livers,and the infiltration area of tumor-like cells.XYS could inhibit NETs formation in the liver and serum of mice with metastasis.The concentrations of CXCL1,CXCL2,G-CSF,and HMGB1 were significantly decreased in all XYS-treated groups.Moreover,XYS down-regulated the protein expression levels of phosphorylated p38 and ERK.Conclusion:XYS could attenuate liver metastases of colorectal cancer in vivo.The inhibitory mechanism of XYS may involve the reduction of NETs formation through the regulation of tumor-derived factors and the downstream MAPKs(p38,ERK)signaling pathway.
基金Supported by Chongqing Natural Science Foundation General Project,No.CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0182 and No.CSTB2023NSCQMSX0252Clinical Research Special Project of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,No.2024 F022.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver metastases are very common in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs).When surgical resection is possible,it is typically associated with survival benefits in patients with pNET and liver metastases.Patient-derived organoids are a powerful preclinical platform that show great potential for predicting treatment response,and they have been increasingly applied in precision medicine and cancer research.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with the chief complaint of in-termittent dull pain in the upper abdomen for over 3 years.Computerized to-mography showed multiple space-occupying lesions in the liver and a neoplasm in the pancreatic body.Pathological results suggested a grade 3 pancreas-derived hepatic neuroendocrine tumor.In combination with relevant examinations,the patient was diagnosed with pNET with liver metastases(grade 3).Transarterial chemoembolization was initially performed with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil,after which the chemotherapy regimen was switched to liposomal irinotecan and cisplatin for a subsequent perfusion,guided by organoid-based drug sensitivity testing.Following interventional treatment,the tumor had decreased in size.However,due to poor treatment compliance and the patient’s preference for sur-INTRODUCTION Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(pNETs)are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from pancreatic islet cells,with variations in histology,clinical characteristics,and prognosis[1].They may present as non-infiltrative,slow-growing tumors,locally invasive tumors,or even rapidly metastasizing tumors[2].Most metastases localize to the liver,and approximately 28%-77%of patients with pNETs will experience liver metastases in their lifetime[3].Patients with liver metastases may be subjected to local complications such as biliary obstruction,liver insufficiency,and carcinoid syndrome.Additionally,liver metastases are a major risk factor for the prognosis of patients with pNETs[4].When feasible,surgical resection is significantly associated with the best long-term survival outcomes[5].Therefore,for patients with pNET liver metastases,comprehensive assessment and multidisciplinary approaches are required to determine the feasibility of surgical resection and the optimal treatment to improve the prognosis.Over the past decade,the advent of in vitro three-dimensional technologies including organoids has revolutionized the development of human cancer models.Patient-derived organoids(PDOs),an in vitro three-dimensional microstructure,can faithfully recapitulate the intricate spatial architecture and cell heterogeneity of the tissue,and simulate the biological behaviors and functions of parental tumors while preserving biological,genetic and molecular features[6,7].As a po-werful preclinical platform,PDOs have been increasingly applied in precision medicine and cancer research.Importantly,there is a significant association between the use of PDO-based drug sensitivity testing and clinical responses to chemotherapy,radiotherapy and targeted therapy in multiple cancer types[8-10].Although gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm organoids have been confirmed to retain the pathohistological and functional phenotypes of parental tumors[7],their roles in the prediction of clinical outcomes have not been presented.Here,we report a case of pNET with liver metastases who successfully received surgical resection after personalized treatment guided by PDO-based drug sensitivity testing,resulting in a favorable prognosis.
基金Supported by the Council for Science,Technology,and Innovation(CSTI)Cross-Ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program(SIP)“Innovative AI Hospital System”(National Institute of Biomedical Innovation,Health and Nutrition),No.SIPAIH18C03the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI,No.JP19K09179 and No.JP23K08158.
文摘BACKGROUND Some patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)may have distant metastases,undetected on preoperative imaging or early recurrence,within 6 months after surgery.Occult metastases(OMs)must be accurately predicted to optimize multidisciplinary treatment.AIM To investigate the efficacy of circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)in predicting OM.METHODS Two Japanese institutions prospectively collected preoperative plasma samples from PDAC patients between July 2019 and September 2021 and evaluated ctDNA using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel covering 52 cancer-related genes.RESULTS Among 135 PDAC patients,38 had OM and 35 were positive for ctDNA.The ctDNA positivity rate was significantly higher in patients with OM than in patients without OM.ctDNA-positive patients had significantly shorter median recurrence-free survival than ctDNA-negative patients.Logistic multivariate regression revealed ctDNA positivity as an independent predictor of OM.CONCLUSION Preoperative ctDNA in resectable PDAC is an independent predictor of OM and indicates poor prognosis following pancreatectomy and may be a useful biomarker in determining multidisciplinary patient care.
