Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen e...Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Transition metal-based catalysts have garnered significant research interest as promising alternatives to noble-metal catalysts,owing to their low cost,tunable composition,and noble-metal-like catalytic activity.Nevertheless,systematic reviews on their application as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting(OWS)are still limited.This review comprehensively outlines the principal categories of bifunctional transition metal electrocatalysts derived from electrospun nanofibers(NFs),including metals,oxides,phosphides,sulfides,and carbides.Key strategies for enhancing their catalytic performance are systematically summarized,such as heterointerface engineering,heteroatom doping,metal-nonmetal-metal bridging architectures,and single-atom site design.Finally,current challenges and future research directions are discussed,aiming to provide insightful perspectives for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts for OWS.展开更多
The heterogeneity and invasiveness of cancer cells pose serious challenges in cancer diagnosis and treatment.Advancements and innovations in metal-based nanomedicines provide novel avenues for addressing these challen...The heterogeneity and invasiveness of cancer cells pose serious challenges in cancer diagnosis and treatment.Advancements and innovations in metal-based nanomedicines provide novel avenues for addressing these challenges.Metal-based nanomedicines possess unique physicochemical properties that enable their interaction with living organisms,thereby inducing complex biological responses.These nanomaterials have been extensively used to enhance the contrast and sensitivity of cancer imaging and to amplify the distinction between cancerous and healthy tissues.Moreover,these nanomaterials can effectively combat a wide spectrum of cancers through various methods,including drug delivery,radiotherapy,photothermal therapy(PTT),photodynamic therapy(PDT),sonodynamic therapy(SDT),biocatalytic therapy,ion interference therapy(IIT),and immunotherapy.Currently,there is still a need for a comprehensive summary on the metal-based nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Herein,we present a systematic and complete overview of action mechanisms and the applications of metal-based nanomaterials in cancer theranostics.A summary of common strategies for synthesizing and modifying metal-based nanomedicines is presented,and their biosafety is analyzed.Then,the latest developments in their applications for cancer imaging and anticancer treatment are provided.Finally,the key technical challenges and reasonable perspectives of metal-based nanomedicines for cancer theranostics in clinical applications are discussed.展开更多
Metal alloy anode materials with high specific capacity and low voltage have recently gained significant attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance and the ability to suppress dendrite growth.However...Metal alloy anode materials with high specific capacity and low voltage have recently gained significant attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance and the ability to suppress dendrite growth.However,experimental investigations of metal alloys can be time-consuming and expensive,often requiring extensive experimental design and effort.In this study,we developed a machine learning model based on the Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network(CGCNN)to screen alloy anode materials for seven battery systems,including lithium(Li),sodium(Na),potassium(K),zinc(Zn),magnesium(Mg),calcium(Ca),and aluminum(Al).We utilized data with tens of thousands of alloy materials from the Materials Project(MP)and Automatic FLOW for Materials Discovery(AFLOW)databases.Without any experimental voltage input,we identified over 30 alloy systems that have been experimentally validated with good precision.Additionally,we predicted over 100 alloy anodes with low potential and high specific capacity.We hope this work to spur further interest in employing advanced machine learning models for the design of battery materials.展开更多
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world,with more than 9 million deaths in 2022,a number that continues to rise.This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs,with enhanced ant...Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world,with more than 9 million deaths in 2022,a number that continues to rise.This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs,with enhanced antitumor capabilities and fewer side effects.Metal-based drugs have been used in clinical practice since the late 1970s,beginning with the introduction of cisplatin.Later,two additional platinum-based molecules,carboplatin,and oxaliplatin,were introduced,and all three continue to be widely used in the treatment of various cancers.However,despite their significant anticancer activity,the undesirable side effects of these drugs have motivated the scientific community to explore other metal-based complexes with greater anticancer potential and fewer adverse effects.In this context,metals such as ruthenium,copper,gold,zinc,palladium,or iridium,present promising alternatives for the development of new anticancer agents.Unfortunately,although thousands of metal-based drugs have been synthesized and tested both in vitro and in animal models,only a few ruthenium-based drugs have entered clinical trials in recent years.Meanwhile,many other molecules with comparable or even greater anticancer potential have not advanced beyond the laboratory stage.In this review,we will revisit the mechanisms of action and anticancer activities of established platinum-based drugs and explore their use in recent clinical trials.Additionally,we will examine the development of potential new metal-based drugs that could one day contribute to cancer treatment worldwide.展开更多
Nanoscale metal-based tunneling junction(MTJ)devices were fabricated using the electromigration method,and their electrical properties were studied after exposure toγ-andβ-radiation.Irradiation caused the set thresh...Nanoscale metal-based tunneling junction(MTJ)devices were fabricated using the electromigration method,and their electrical properties were studied after exposure toγ-andβ-radiation.Irradiation caused the set threshold voltage(V_(set))of the MTJ devices to increase,leading to a transition from a low-resistance state(LRS)to a high-resistance state(HRS).This shift in V_(set)was due to atom displacement from high-energy electrons excited byγ-andβ-radiation.Unlike semiconductor devices,MTJ devices showed resilience to permanent damage and could be restored in-situ through multiple I-V(I is the drain current;V is the drain voltage)sweeps with appropriate configurations.This ability to recover suggests that MTJ devices have promising potential under irradiation.The reparability of irradiated MTJ devices is closely related to nothing-on-insulator(NOI)their structure,providing insights for other NOI and metal-based micro-nanoscale devices.展开更多
Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is highly required in various applications.The development of catalysts exhibiting elevated catalytic activity,selectivity,and stability is essential for H_(2)O_(2)production technology.Me...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is highly required in various applications.The development of catalysts exhibiting elevated catalytic activity,selectivity,and stability is essential for H_(2)O_(2)production technology.Metalbased catalysts are widely used for 2e^(-)ORR(oxygen reduction reaction)because of their adjustable structure,chemical stability,and availability.However,due to competition with the 4e^(-)ORR,modifications are often conducted to balance activity and selectivity.Common techniques include altering the surface electronic structure of catalysts and the interaction between active sites and intermediates.This review discusses diverse catalyst types(including precious and transition metals,single-atom catalysts,and MOFs/COFs)along with modification strategies(such as morphological control,electronic structure tuning,conductivity enhancement,and wettability improvement).The objective is to elucidate catalyst design and associated reaction mechanisms,as well as the relationship between catalyst structure and activity,in order to provide an insight for producing H_(2)O_(2)in an efficient,highly selective,and stable manner.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273056)the Science and Technology Development Program of Jilin Province,China(No.YDZJ202501ZYTS305)。
文摘Electrochemical water splitting represents a sustainable technology for hydrogen(H_(2))production.However,its large-scale implementation is hindered by the high overpotentials required for both the cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Transition metal-based catalysts have garnered significant research interest as promising alternatives to noble-metal catalysts,owing to their low cost,tunable composition,and noble-metal-like catalytic activity.Nevertheless,systematic reviews on their application as bifunctional catalysts for overall water splitting(OWS)are still limited.This review comprehensively outlines the principal categories of bifunctional transition metal electrocatalysts derived from electrospun nanofibers(NFs),including metals,oxides,phosphides,sulfides,and carbides.Key strategies for enhancing their catalytic performance are systematically summarized,such as heterointerface engineering,heteroatom doping,metal-nonmetal-metal bridging architectures,and single-atom site design.Finally,current challenges and future research directions are discussed,aiming to provide insightful perspectives for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts for OWS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071981)the Program of Youth Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Outstanding Talents(Team)of Jilin Province,China(20230508063RC)+3 种基金the Excellent Youth Training Foundation of Jilin University,China(419080520665)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Funding Program of Jilin Province,Chinathe Health Special Project of the Finance Department of Jilin Province,Chinathe Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University,China(2025CX297)。
文摘The heterogeneity and invasiveness of cancer cells pose serious challenges in cancer diagnosis and treatment.Advancements and innovations in metal-based nanomedicines provide novel avenues for addressing these challenges.Metal-based nanomedicines possess unique physicochemical properties that enable their interaction with living organisms,thereby inducing complex biological responses.These nanomaterials have been extensively used to enhance the contrast and sensitivity of cancer imaging and to amplify the distinction between cancerous and healthy tissues.Moreover,these nanomaterials can effectively combat a wide spectrum of cancers through various methods,including drug delivery,radiotherapy,photothermal therapy(PTT),photodynamic therapy(PDT),sonodynamic therapy(SDT),biocatalytic therapy,ion interference therapy(IIT),and immunotherapy.Currently,there is still a need for a comprehensive summary on the metal-based nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment.Herein,we present a systematic and complete overview of action mechanisms and the applications of metal-based nanomaterials in cancer theranostics.A summary of common strategies for synthesizing and modifying metal-based nanomedicines is presented,and their biosafety is analyzed.Then,the latest developments in their applications for cancer imaging and anticancer treatment are provided.Finally,the key technical challenges and reasonable perspectives of metal-based nanomedicines for cancer theranostics in clinical applications are discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2504000,YH)a start-up grant from Zhejiang University and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021FZZX001,226-2024-00005)supported by Special Support Plan for High Level Talents in Zhejiang Province(2023R5231)。
文摘Metal alloy anode materials with high specific capacity and low voltage have recently gained significant attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance and the ability to suppress dendrite growth.However,experimental investigations of metal alloys can be time-consuming and expensive,often requiring extensive experimental design and effort.In this study,we developed a machine learning model based on the Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network(CGCNN)to screen alloy anode materials for seven battery systems,including lithium(Li),sodium(Na),potassium(K),zinc(Zn),magnesium(Mg),calcium(Ca),and aluminum(Al).We utilized data with tens of thousands of alloy materials from the Materials Project(MP)and Automatic FLOW for Materials Discovery(AFLOW)databases.Without any experimental voltage input,we identified over 30 alloy systems that have been experimentally validated with good precision.Additionally,we predicted over 100 alloy anodes with low potential and high specific capacity.We hope this work to spur further interest in employing advanced machine learning models for the design of battery materials.
文摘Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world,with more than 9 million deaths in 2022,a number that continues to rise.This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs,with enhanced antitumor capabilities and fewer side effects.Metal-based drugs have been used in clinical practice since the late 1970s,beginning with the introduction of cisplatin.Later,two additional platinum-based molecules,carboplatin,and oxaliplatin,were introduced,and all three continue to be widely used in the treatment of various cancers.However,despite their significant anticancer activity,the undesirable side effects of these drugs have motivated the scientific community to explore other metal-based complexes with greater anticancer potential and fewer adverse effects.In this context,metals such as ruthenium,copper,gold,zinc,palladium,or iridium,present promising alternatives for the development of new anticancer agents.Unfortunately,although thousands of metal-based drugs have been synthesized and tested both in vitro and in animal models,only a few ruthenium-based drugs have entered clinical trials in recent years.Meanwhile,many other molecules with comparable or even greater anticancer potential have not advanced beyond the laboratory stage.In this review,we will revisit the mechanisms of action and anticancer activities of established platinum-based drugs and explore their use in recent clinical trials.Additionally,we will examine the development of potential new metal-based drugs that could one day contribute to cancer treatment worldwide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2293703,T2293700)the Instrumental Analysis Fund of Peking University,China(No.KF-2305-07).
文摘Nanoscale metal-based tunneling junction(MTJ)devices were fabricated using the electromigration method,and their electrical properties were studied after exposure toγ-andβ-radiation.Irradiation caused the set threshold voltage(V_(set))of the MTJ devices to increase,leading to a transition from a low-resistance state(LRS)to a high-resistance state(HRS).This shift in V_(set)was due to atom displacement from high-energy electrons excited byγ-andβ-radiation.Unlike semiconductor devices,MTJ devices showed resilience to permanent damage and could be restored in-situ through multiple I-V(I is the drain current;V is the drain voltage)sweeps with appropriate configurations.This ability to recover suggests that MTJ devices have promising potential under irradiation.The reparability of irradiated MTJ devices is closely related to nothing-on-insulator(NOI)their structure,providing insights for other NOI and metal-based micro-nanoscale devices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22466011 and 22165004)the Innovative Research Team for Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(No.2022TD-04)。
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is highly required in various applications.The development of catalysts exhibiting elevated catalytic activity,selectivity,and stability is essential for H_(2)O_(2)production technology.Metalbased catalysts are widely used for 2e^(-)ORR(oxygen reduction reaction)because of their adjustable structure,chemical stability,and availability.However,due to competition with the 4e^(-)ORR,modifications are often conducted to balance activity and selectivity.Common techniques include altering the surface electronic structure of catalysts and the interaction between active sites and intermediates.This review discusses diverse catalyst types(including precious and transition metals,single-atom catalysts,and MOFs/COFs)along with modification strategies(such as morphological control,electronic structure tuning,conductivity enhancement,and wettability improvement).The objective is to elucidate catalyst design and associated reaction mechanisms,as well as the relationship between catalyst structure and activity,in order to provide an insight for producing H_(2)O_(2)in an efficient,highly selective,and stable manner.
文摘印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board,PCB)缺陷会造成巨额经济损失与安全隐患,传统的检测方法精度和效率都较为低下,现有的深度学习模型在面对复杂背景下的小目标检测时存在明显的不足。文章针对YOLOv10在PCB中的检测性能不足,在主干网络采用SPD-Conv模块替代传统卷积,通过维度重排保留小目标的特征并且降低背景干扰。在颈部网络的C2f模块中嵌入SE注意力机制,构建C2f_SE模块提升特征区分度。文章在北京大学PCB数据集的基础上,通过镜像、旋转等数据增强后将数据集扩展至6930张。实验结果表明,改进模型平均精度均值(mean Average Precision,mAP)达98.1%,较原始YOLOv10提升4.7%,其中鼠咬、毛刺等小目标缺陷检测精度提升明显。该模型为工业场景PCB缺陷检测提供了高效可靠方案。
