Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is highly required in various applications.The development of catalysts exhibiting elevated catalytic activity,selectivity,and stability is essential for H_(2)O_(2)production technology.Me...Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is highly required in various applications.The development of catalysts exhibiting elevated catalytic activity,selectivity,and stability is essential for H_(2)O_(2)production technology.Metalbased catalysts are widely used for 2e^(-)ORR(oxygen reduction reaction)because of their adjustable structure,chemical stability,and availability.However,due to competition with the 4e^(-)ORR,modifications are often conducted to balance activity and selectivity.Common techniques include altering the surface electronic structure of catalysts and the interaction between active sites and intermediates.This review discusses diverse catalyst types(including precious and transition metals,single-atom catalysts,and MOFs/COFs)along with modification strategies(such as morphological control,electronic structure tuning,conductivity enhancement,and wettability improvement).The objective is to elucidate catalyst design and associated reaction mechanisms,as well as the relationship between catalyst structure and activity,in order to provide an insight for producing H_(2)O_(2)in an efficient,highly selective,and stable manner.展开更多
Metal alloy anode materials with high specific capacity and low voltage have recently gained significant attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance and the ability to suppress dendrite growth.However...Metal alloy anode materials with high specific capacity and low voltage have recently gained significant attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance and the ability to suppress dendrite growth.However,experimental investigations of metal alloys can be time-consuming and expensive,often requiring extensive experimental design and effort.In this study,we developed a machine learning model based on the Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network(CGCNN)to screen alloy anode materials for seven battery systems,including lithium(Li),sodium(Na),potassium(K),zinc(Zn),magnesium(Mg),calcium(Ca),and aluminum(Al).We utilized data with tens of thousands of alloy materials from the Materials Project(MP)and Automatic FLOW for Materials Discovery(AFLOW)databases.Without any experimental voltage input,we identified over 30 alloy systems that have been experimentally validated with good precision.Additionally,we predicted over 100 alloy anodes with low potential and high specific capacity.We hope this work to spur further interest in employing advanced machine learning models for the design of battery materials.展开更多
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world,with more than 9 million deaths in 2022,a number that continues to rise.This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs,with enhanced ant...Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world,with more than 9 million deaths in 2022,a number that continues to rise.This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs,with enhanced antitumor capabilities and fewer side effects.Metal-based drugs have been used in clinical practice since the late 1970s,beginning with the introduction of cisplatin.Later,two additional platinum-based molecules,carboplatin,and oxaliplatin,were introduced,and all three continue to be widely used in the treatment of various cancers.However,despite their significant anticancer activity,the undesirable side effects of these drugs have motivated the scientific community to explore other metal-based complexes with greater anticancer potential and fewer adverse effects.In this context,metals such as ruthenium,copper,gold,zinc,palladium,or iridium,present promising alternatives for the development of new anticancer agents.Unfortunately,although thousands of metal-based drugs have been synthesized and tested both in vitro and in animal models,only a few ruthenium-based drugs have entered clinical trials in recent years.Meanwhile,many other molecules with comparable or even greater anticancer potential have not advanced beyond the laboratory stage.In this review,we will revisit the mechanisms of action and anticancer activities of established platinum-based drugs and explore their use in recent clinical trials.Additionally,we will examine the development of potential new metal-based drugs that could one day contribute to cancer treatment worldwide.展开更多
The accumulation of excessive nitrate in the atmosphere not only jeopardizes human health but also disrupts the balance of the nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem.Among various nitrate removal technologies,electrocatalyti...The accumulation of excessive nitrate in the atmosphere not only jeopardizes human health but also disrupts the balance of the nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem.Among various nitrate removal technologies,electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(eNO_(3)RR)has been widely studied for its advantages of being eco-friendly,easy to operate,and controllable under environmental conditions with renewable energy as the driving force.Transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have been widely used in electrocatalysis due to their abundant reserves,low costs,easy-to-regulate electronic structure and considerable electrochemical activity.In addition,TMCs have been extensively studied in terms of the kinetics of the nitrate reduction reaction,the moderate adsorption energy of nitrogen-containing species and the active hydrogen supply capacity.Based on this,this review firstly discusses the mechanism as well as analyzes the two main reduction products(N_(2)and NH_(3))of eNO_(3)RR,and reveals the basic guidelines for the design of efficient nitrate catalysts from the perspective of the reaction mechanism.Secondly,this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in the direction of eNO_(3RR)with four types of TMCs,Fe,Co,Ni and Cu,and unveils the interfacial modulation strategies of Fe,Co,Ni and Cu catalysts for the activity,reaction pathway and stability.Finally,reasonable suggestions and opportunities are proposed for the challenges and future development of eNO_(3)RR.This review provides far-reaching implications for exploring cost-effective TMCs to replace high-cost noble metal catalysts(NMCs)for eNO_(3)RR.展开更多
Harnessing the unique attributes of metal-based nanowires(MNWs),such as their adaptability,high aspect ratio and conductivity,this review elucidates their burgeoning role as a distinct class of nanomaterials poised to...Harnessing the unique attributes of metal-based nanowires(MNWs),such as their adaptability,high aspect ratio and conductivity,this review elucidates their burgeoning role as a distinct class of nanomaterials poised to revolutionize sensor technologies.We provide an in-depth examination of MNW assembly methods,highlighting procedural details,foundational principles and performance metrics.Manufacturing ele ctrochemical biosensors and field-effect transistor(FET)biosensors by MNWs offers advantages such as enhanced sensitivity,improved signal-to-noise ratios and increased surface area for efficient biomolecule immobilization.MNWs contribute to precise and reliable biosensing platforms,optimizing the performance of these devices for various applications,such as diagnostics and environmental monitoring.Electrochemical biosensors are noted for their speed,costeffectiveness,ease of use and compatibility with compact instrumentation,offering potential for precise biomarker quantification.Meanwhile,FET biosensors demonstrate the potential for early-stage biomarker identification and pharmaceutical applications with nanoscale materials like MNWs,thereby enhancing their detection capabilities.Additionally,we explore the prospects of integrating machine learning and digital health with MNWs in electrical biosensing,charting an innovative path for future advancements in this field.This advancement is facilitated by their electronic properties,compact design and compatibility with existing technologies.We expect this review to highlight future trends and challenges in the use of MNWs for biosensors.展开更多
Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)have a simple structure and excellent pollutant treatment and power generation performance.However,the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the MFC cathode limit power genera...Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)have a simple structure and excellent pollutant treatment and power generation performance.However,the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the MFC cathode limit power generation.The electrochemical performance of MFCs can be improved through electrocatalysis.Thus far,metal-based catalysts have shown astonishing results in the field of electrocatalysis,enabling MFC devices to demonstrate power generation capabilities comparable to those of Pt,thus showing enormous potential.This article reviews the research progress of meta-based MFC cathode ORR catalysts,including the ORR reaction mechanism of MFC,different types of catalysts,and preparation strategies.The catalytic effects of different catalysts in MFC are compared and summarized.Before discussing the practical application and expanded manufacturing of catalysts,we summarize the key challenges that must be addressed when using metal-based catalysts in MFC,with the aim of providing a scientific direction for the future development of advanced materials.展开更多
With the fast development of technology for the treatment of tumor and bacteria,photo-therapeutic strate-gies emerge as a kind of highly effective and common treatment,but the low tissue penetration depth of light lim...With the fast development of technology for the treatment of tumor and bacteria,photo-therapeutic strate-gies emerge as a kind of highly effective and common treatment,but the low tissue penetration depth of light limits their development.Sonodynamic therapy(SDT),as an efficient and non-invasive treatment,attracts more people's attention due to the inherent property of high tissue penetration.The soft tissue penetration depth of ultrasound(US)can even reach more than 10 cm,which has great advantage over that of light.Therefore,many sonosensitizers are studied and applied to SDT-based therapy.Metal-based inorganic nanocrystals are able to generate more reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to the special composition and band structure.The representative achievements and the specific functions of the nanocrystals sonosensitizers are summarized in this work,and the relationship of structure/composition-SDT performance and the internally regulated composite is revealed.Syner-gistic effects of SDT in combination with other therapeutic modalities are mainly highlighted.At the same time,the critical and potential issues and future perspectives are addressed.展开更多
Light olefins are important platform feedstocks in the petrochemical industry,and the ongoing global economic development has driven sustained growth in demand for these compounds.The dehydrogenation of alkanes,derive...Light olefins are important platform feedstocks in the petrochemical industry,and the ongoing global economic development has driven sustained growth in demand for these compounds.The dehydrogenation of alkanes,derived from shale gas,serves as an alternative olefins production route.Concurrently,the target of realizing carbon neutrality promotes the comprehensive utilization of greenhouse gas.The integrated process of light alkanes dehydrogenation and carbon dioxide reduction(CO_(2)-ODH)can produce light olefins and realize resource utilization of CO_(2),which has gained wide popularity.With the introduction of CO_(2),coke deposition and metal reduction encountered in alkanes dehydrogenation reactions can be effectively suppressed.CO_(2)-assisted alkanes dehydrogenation can also reduce the risk of potential explosion hazard associated with O_(2)-oxidative dehydrogenation reactions.Recent investigations into various metal-based catalysts including mono-and bi-metallic alloys and oxides have displayed promising performances due to their unique properties.This paper provides the comprehensive review and critical analysis of advancements in the CO_(2)-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes(C2-C4)on metal-based catalysts developed in recent years.Moreover,it offers a comparative summary of the structural properties,catalytic activities,and reaction mechanisms over various active sites,providing valuable insights for the future design of dehydrogenation catalysts.展开更多
CO_(2) electrochemical reduction(CO_(2)ER)to high-value fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy for using CO_(2) as a carbon source.However,the large-scale application of CO_(2)ER is limited by the lack of efficie...CO_(2) electrochemical reduction(CO_(2)ER)to high-value fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy for using CO_(2) as a carbon source.However,the large-scale application of CO_(2)ER is limited by the lack of efficient and selective electrocatalysts.By means of density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the potential of transitional metal-based covalent organic frameworks(TM-COFs,TM=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ru,Rh,Pd,and Ag)as CO_(2) reduction electrocatalysts was systematically studied.The results show that the single TM atom can be firmly anchored on COFs for forming stable single-atom catalysts.The TM atom in phthalocyanine has excellent catalytic activity towards CO_(2)ER,while the pyridine N in pyrazine is the active site of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Among studied candidates,Co-COF and Rh-COF are predicted to have limiting potential of-0.66/-0.11 and-0.49/-0.49 V for CO_(2)ER/HER,respectively.The present study may provide a new strategy for designing novel bifunctional catalysts.展开更多
Noble metal-based high-entropy alloy nanoparticles(NM-HEA NPs) have exhibited brilliant catalytic performance toward electrocatalytic energy conversion and attracted increasing attention. The near-equimolar mixed elem...Noble metal-based high-entropy alloy nanoparticles(NM-HEA NPs) have exhibited brilliant catalytic performance toward electrocatalytic energy conversion and attracted increasing attention. The near-equimolar mixed elements of NM-HEA NPs may result in the unique properties including cocktail effect, high entropy effect and lattice distortion effect, which are beneficial for improving the catalytic performance and reducing the amount of noble metal. Herein, several advanced NM-HEA NPs as electrocatalysts for energy conversion are systematically summarized. The preparation methods of NM-HEA NPs are evaluated as well as the catalytic properties and mechanism are discussed classified by electrocatalytic reactions. Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are carefully discussed. This review provides an overview on recent advances of NM-HEA electrocatalysts for energy conversion and draws more attention in this infant research field.展开更多
Developing lower-cost and higher-effective catalyst to support hydrogen(H_(2))production by electrochemical water-splitting has been recognized as a preferred strategy to drive the clean energy utilization.As a credib...Developing lower-cost and higher-effective catalyst to support hydrogen(H_(2))production by electrochemical water-splitting has been recognized as a preferred strategy to drive the clean energy utilization.As a credible technology for the synthesis of functional materials,electrodeposition has attracted widespread attention,especially suitable for non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs).Recently,lots of researchers have been devoted to this hot research direction with plentiful achievements,however,a comprehensive review towards this area is still missing.Hence,we summarize the past research progress,presents the technical characteristics of electrodeposition from the viewpoint of fundamental theory and influence factors for the electrochemical deposition behavior,and introduce its application in various of TMCs with versatile nanostructures and compositions.Except a deeper and more comprehensive cognition of electrodeposition,we further discuss the catalyst’s optimized hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance as well as overall water splitting that combined with the synthetic process.Finally,we conclude the technical advantages towards electrodeposition,propose challenge and future research directions in this promising field.This timely review aims to promote a deeper understanding of effective catalysts obtained via electrodeposition strategy,and provide new guidance for the design and synthesis of future catalysts for hydrogen production.展开更多
As an environmentally friendly and high-density energy carrier,hydrogen has been recognized as one of the ideal alternatives for fossil fuels.One of the major challenges faced by“hydrogen economy”is the development ...As an environmentally friendly and high-density energy carrier,hydrogen has been recognized as one of the ideal alternatives for fossil fuels.One of the major challenges faced by“hydrogen economy”is the development of efficient,low-cost,safe and selective hydrogen generation from chemical storage materials.In this review,we summarize the recent advances in hydrogen production via hydrolysis and alcoholysis of light-metal-based materials,such as borohydrides,Mg-based and Al-based materials,and the highly efficient regeneration of borohydrides.Unfortunately,most of these hydrolysable materials are still plagued by sluggish kinetics and low hydrogen yield.While a number of strategies including catalysis,alloying,solution modification,and ball milling have been developed to overcome these drawbacks,the high costs required for the“one-pass”utilization of hydrolysis/alcoholysis systems have ultimately made these techniques almost impossible for practical large-scale applications.Therefore,it is imperative to develop low-cost material systems based on abundant resources and effective recycling technologies of spent fuels for efficient transport,production and storage of hydrogen in a fuel cell-based hydrogen economy.展开更多
Nanoporous metal-based catalysts with the specific bicontinuous interconnected ligaments/pores network exhibit highly active performances in application for energy conversion, which represent a broader trend in the de...Nanoporous metal-based catalysts with the specific bicontinuous interconnected ligaments/pores network exhibit highly active performances in application for energy conversion, which represent a broader trend in the design of catalyst materials. These promising nanomaterials commendably provide highly conductive porous morphologies with reduced contact resistances, large electrochemical surface areas with enhanced catalytic efficiency, and controllable synthesis for regulating the performances. Thus, we highlight recent designs of nanoporous metals, alloys, transition metal compounds and hierarchical structures mainly employed in catalysis process. We discuss applied strategies to utilize characteristics of nanoporous metals in the energetic field of catalytic reactions. Moreover, development and evolution of novel controllable synthesis methods are applied in preparation of nanoporous non-noble metals and transition metal compounds. Finally, we present some outlooks and perspectives on the nanoporous metal catalyst and suggest ways for achieving alternative materials in catalysis applications.展开更多
The radiation generated by nuclear reaction is harmful to human body and equipment,thus the radiation shielding materials that employ the shielding ability from neutron and gamma rays are the best candidates according...The radiation generated by nuclear reaction is harmful to human body and equipment,thus the radiation shielding materials that employ the shielding ability from neutron and gamma rays are the best candidates according to application situations and radiation sources.In this paper,the researches of metal-based neutron and gamma rays or multiple purpose shielding materials are systematically summarized,and the respective and principal problems of these materials with respect to shielding effectiveness and other performances,such as corrosion,mechanical properties,manufacture,etc.,are discussed.Finally,the prospect of shielding materials is outlined,which suggests that the development of highly efficient and multiply functional radiation shielding materials with good environmental compatibility is one of the future development trends.展开更多
Amorphous metal-based catalysts(AMCs)have sparked intense research interests in the field of electrocatalysis elicited by their hallmark features such as unlimited volume and morphology,manipulated electronic structur...Amorphous metal-based catalysts(AMCs)have sparked intense research interests in the field of electrocatalysis elicited by their hallmark features such as unlimited volume and morphology,manipulated electronic structures,enriched defects,and unsaturated surface atom coordination.Nevertheless,the manipulation of the amorphous phase in metal-based catalysts is so far impractical,and thus their electrocatalytic mechanism yet remains ambiguous.In this review,the latest advances in AMCs are systematically reviewed,covering amorphous-phase engineering strategy,structure manipulation,and amorphization of various material categories for electrocatalysis.Specifically,a series of applications of AMCs in electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are summarized based on the classification criteria of substances.Finally,we put forward current challenges that have not yet been clarified in the field of AMCs,and propose possible solutions,particularly from the perspective of the evolution of electron microscopy.It is expected to promote the understanding of the amorphization-catalysis relationship and provide a guideline for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are considered the next powerful potential generation energy storage system because of substantial potassium resource availability and similar characteristics with lithium.Unfortunately,th...Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are considered the next powerful potential generation energy storage system because of substantial potassium resource availability and similar characteristics with lithium.Unfortunately,the actual application of KIBs is inferior to that of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),in which the fi nite energy density,ordinary circular life,and underdeveloped fabrication technique dominate the key constraints.Various works have recently been directed to growing novel anode electrodes with superior electrochemical capability.Noticeably,metals/metal oxides materials(e.g.,Sb,Sn,Zn,SnO_(2),and MoO_(2))have been widely investigated as KIBs anodes because of high theoretical capacity,suggesting outstanding promise for high-energy KIBs.In this review,the latest research of metals/metal oxides electrodes for potassium storage is summarized.The major strategies to control the electrochemical property of metals/metal oxides electrodes are discussed.Finally,the future investigation foreground for these anode electrodes has been proposed.展开更多
Metal-based core-shell nanostructures have garnered enduring interest due to their unique properties and functionalities.However,their growth and transformation mechanisms in liquid media remain largely unknown becaus...Metal-based core-shell nanostructures have garnered enduring interest due to their unique properties and functionalities.However,their growth and transformation mechanisms in liquid media remain largely unknown because they lack direct observation of the dynamic growth process with high spatial and temporal resolution.Developing the in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy(TEM)technique offers unprecedented real-time imaging and spectroscopy capabilities to directly track the evolution of structural and chemical transformation of metal-based core–shell nanostructures in liquid media under their working condition.Here,this review highlights recent progress in utilizing in situ liquid cell TEM characterization technique in investigating the dynamic evolution of material structure and morphology of metal-based core–shell nanostructures at the nano/atomic scale in real-time.A brief introduction of the development of liquid cells for in situ TEM is first given.Subsequently,recent advances in in situ liquid cell TEM for the fundamental study of growth mechanisms of metal based core–shell nanostructures are discussed.Finally,the challenge and future developments of metalbased core–shell nanostructures for in situ liquid cell TEM are proposed.Our review is anticipated to inspire ongoing interest in revealing unseen growth dynamics of core–shell nanostructures by in situ liquid cell TEM technique.展开更多
Apple orchard surface soils in Japan are polluted with copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) due to long-term use of metal-based pesticides. We investigated the effects of heavy metals accumulated in the surface so...Apple orchard surface soils in Japan are polluted with copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) due to long-term use of metal-based pesticides. We investigated the effects of heavy metals accumulated in the surface soils in apple orchards on the microbial biomass and the microbial communities. Soil samples were taken from a chestnut orchard (unpolluted control) and five apple orchards with different degrees of heavy metal pollution. Total concentrations of Cu, Pb, and As in soil ranged from 29 to 931 mg/kg, 35 to 771 mg/kg, and 11 to 198 mg/kg, respectively. The amount of microbial biomass carbon expressed on a soil organic carbon basis decreased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals. Thus, the heavy metals that accumulated in apple orchard surface soils had adverse effects on the soil microbial biomass. The analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition indicated that the microbial community structure had changed because of the pesticide-derived heavy metals in soil. The relative abundance of gram-positive bacterial marker PLFAs increased and that of fungal marker PLFA decreased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals in soil. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoreses targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of bacteria and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of fungi also showed shifts in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities induced by soil pollution with heavy metals. However, the diversity of microbial communities was not significantly affected by the heavy metal pollution. This was attributable to the adaptation of the microbial communities in apple orchard surface soils to heavy metals derived from previously used pesticides.展开更多
Ammonia plays an essential role in human production and life as a raw material for chemical fertilizers.The nitrate electroreduction to ammonia reaction(NO_(3)RR)has garnered attention due to its advantages over the H...Ammonia plays an essential role in human production and life as a raw material for chemical fertilizers.The nitrate electroreduction to ammonia reaction(NO_(3)RR)has garnered attention due to its advantages over the Haber-Bosch process and electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction.Therefore,it represents a promising approach to safeguard the ecological environment by enabling the cycling of nitrogen species.This review begins by discussing the theoretical insights of the NO_(3)RR.It then summarizes recent advances in catalyst design and construction strategies,including alloying,structure engineering,surface engineering,and heterostructure engineering.Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are presented.This review aims to guide for enhancing the efficiency of electrocatalysts in the NO_(3)RR,and offers insights for converting NO_(3)-to NH_(3).展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22466011 and 22165004)the Innovative Research Team for Science and Technology of Shanxi Province(No.2022TD-04)。
文摘Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))is highly required in various applications.The development of catalysts exhibiting elevated catalytic activity,selectivity,and stability is essential for H_(2)O_(2)production technology.Metalbased catalysts are widely used for 2e^(-)ORR(oxygen reduction reaction)because of their adjustable structure,chemical stability,and availability.However,due to competition with the 4e^(-)ORR,modifications are often conducted to balance activity and selectivity.Common techniques include altering the surface electronic structure of catalysts and the interaction between active sites and intermediates.This review discusses diverse catalyst types(including precious and transition metals,single-atom catalysts,and MOFs/COFs)along with modification strategies(such as morphological control,electronic structure tuning,conductivity enhancement,and wettability improvement).The objective is to elucidate catalyst design and associated reaction mechanisms,as well as the relationship between catalyst structure and activity,in order to provide an insight for producing H_(2)O_(2)in an efficient,highly selective,and stable manner.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2504000,YH)a start-up grant from Zhejiang University and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2021FZZX001,226-2024-00005)supported by Special Support Plan for High Level Talents in Zhejiang Province(2023R5231)。
文摘Metal alloy anode materials with high specific capacity and low voltage have recently gained significant attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance and the ability to suppress dendrite growth.However,experimental investigations of metal alloys can be time-consuming and expensive,often requiring extensive experimental design and effort.In this study,we developed a machine learning model based on the Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network(CGCNN)to screen alloy anode materials for seven battery systems,including lithium(Li),sodium(Na),potassium(K),zinc(Zn),magnesium(Mg),calcium(Ca),and aluminum(Al).We utilized data with tens of thousands of alloy materials from the Materials Project(MP)and Automatic FLOW for Materials Discovery(AFLOW)databases.Without any experimental voltage input,we identified over 30 alloy systems that have been experimentally validated with good precision.Additionally,we predicted over 100 alloy anodes with low potential and high specific capacity.We hope this work to spur further interest in employing advanced machine learning models for the design of battery materials.
文摘Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world,with more than 9 million deaths in 2022,a number that continues to rise.This highlights the urgent need for the development of new drugs,with enhanced antitumor capabilities and fewer side effects.Metal-based drugs have been used in clinical practice since the late 1970s,beginning with the introduction of cisplatin.Later,two additional platinum-based molecules,carboplatin,and oxaliplatin,were introduced,and all three continue to be widely used in the treatment of various cancers.However,despite their significant anticancer activity,the undesirable side effects of these drugs have motivated the scientific community to explore other metal-based complexes with greater anticancer potential and fewer adverse effects.In this context,metals such as ruthenium,copper,gold,zinc,palladium,or iridium,present promising alternatives for the development of new anticancer agents.Unfortunately,although thousands of metal-based drugs have been synthesized and tested both in vitro and in animal models,only a few ruthenium-based drugs have entered clinical trials in recent years.Meanwhile,many other molecules with comparable or even greater anticancer potential have not advanced beyond the laboratory stage.In this review,we will revisit the mechanisms of action and anticancer activities of established platinum-based drugs and explore their use in recent clinical trials.Additionally,we will examine the development of potential new metal-based drugs that could one day contribute to cancer treatment worldwide.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52172291 and 52122312)“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission,China(No.22SG31)。
文摘The accumulation of excessive nitrate in the atmosphere not only jeopardizes human health but also disrupts the balance of the nitrogen cycle in the ecosystem.Among various nitrate removal technologies,electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction(eNO_(3)RR)has been widely studied for its advantages of being eco-friendly,easy to operate,and controllable under environmental conditions with renewable energy as the driving force.Transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs)have been widely used in electrocatalysis due to their abundant reserves,low costs,easy-to-regulate electronic structure and considerable electrochemical activity.In addition,TMCs have been extensively studied in terms of the kinetics of the nitrate reduction reaction,the moderate adsorption energy of nitrogen-containing species and the active hydrogen supply capacity.Based on this,this review firstly discusses the mechanism as well as analyzes the two main reduction products(N_(2)and NH_(3))of eNO_(3)RR,and reveals the basic guidelines for the design of efficient nitrate catalysts from the perspective of the reaction mechanism.Secondly,this review mainly focuses on the recent advances in the direction of eNO_(3RR)with four types of TMCs,Fe,Co,Ni and Cu,and unveils the interfacial modulation strategies of Fe,Co,Ni and Cu catalysts for the activity,reaction pathway and stability.Finally,reasonable suggestions and opportunities are proposed for the challenges and future development of eNO_(3)RR.This review provides far-reaching implications for exploring cost-effective TMCs to replace high-cost noble metal catalysts(NMCs)for eNO_(3)RR.
基金financially supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742736)。
文摘Harnessing the unique attributes of metal-based nanowires(MNWs),such as their adaptability,high aspect ratio and conductivity,this review elucidates their burgeoning role as a distinct class of nanomaterials poised to revolutionize sensor technologies.We provide an in-depth examination of MNW assembly methods,highlighting procedural details,foundational principles and performance metrics.Manufacturing ele ctrochemical biosensors and field-effect transistor(FET)biosensors by MNWs offers advantages such as enhanced sensitivity,improved signal-to-noise ratios and increased surface area for efficient biomolecule immobilization.MNWs contribute to precise and reliable biosensing platforms,optimizing the performance of these devices for various applications,such as diagnostics and environmental monitoring.Electrochemical biosensors are noted for their speed,costeffectiveness,ease of use and compatibility with compact instrumentation,offering potential for precise biomarker quantification.Meanwhile,FET biosensors demonstrate the potential for early-stage biomarker identification and pharmaceutical applications with nanoscale materials like MNWs,thereby enhancing their detection capabilities.Additionally,we explore the prospects of integrating machine learning and digital health with MNWs in electrical biosensing,charting an innovative path for future advancements in this field.This advancement is facilitated by their electronic properties,compact design and compatibility with existing technologies.We expect this review to highlight future trends and challenges in the use of MNWs for biosensors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170019 and 51973015)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500100)the“Ten thousand plan”-National High-level Personnel of Special Support Program.National Environmental and Energy Science and Technology International Cooperation Base.
文摘Microbial fuel cells(MFCs)have a simple structure and excellent pollutant treatment and power generation performance.However,the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)at the MFC cathode limit power generation.The electrochemical performance of MFCs can be improved through electrocatalysis.Thus far,metal-based catalysts have shown astonishing results in the field of electrocatalysis,enabling MFC devices to demonstrate power generation capabilities comparable to those of Pt,thus showing enormous potential.This article reviews the research progress of meta-based MFC cathode ORR catalysts,including the ORR reaction mechanism of MFC,different types of catalysts,and preparation strategies.The catalytic effects of different catalysts in MFC are compared and summarized.Before discussing the practical application and expanded manufacturing of catalysts,we summarize the key challenges that must be addressed when using metal-based catalysts in MFC,with the aim of providing a scientific direction for the future development of advanced materials.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22105116,51872030,51631001,51702016,51902023 and 21801015)Joint R&D Plan of Hongkong,Macao,Taiwan and Beijing(No.Z191100001619002)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2017CX01003)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars.
文摘With the fast development of technology for the treatment of tumor and bacteria,photo-therapeutic strate-gies emerge as a kind of highly effective and common treatment,but the low tissue penetration depth of light limits their development.Sonodynamic therapy(SDT),as an efficient and non-invasive treatment,attracts more people's attention due to the inherent property of high tissue penetration.The soft tissue penetration depth of ultrasound(US)can even reach more than 10 cm,which has great advantage over that of light.Therefore,many sonosensitizers are studied and applied to SDT-based therapy.Metal-based inorganic nanocrystals are able to generate more reactive oxygen species(ROS)due to the special composition and band structure.The representative achievements and the specific functions of the nanocrystals sonosensitizers are summarized in this work,and the relationship of structure/composition-SDT performance and the internally regulated composite is revealed.Syner-gistic effects of SDT in combination with other therapeutic modalities are mainly highlighted.At the same time,the critical and potential issues and future perspectives are addressed.
文摘Light olefins are important platform feedstocks in the petrochemical industry,and the ongoing global economic development has driven sustained growth in demand for these compounds.The dehydrogenation of alkanes,derived from shale gas,serves as an alternative olefins production route.Concurrently,the target of realizing carbon neutrality promotes the comprehensive utilization of greenhouse gas.The integrated process of light alkanes dehydrogenation and carbon dioxide reduction(CO_(2)-ODH)can produce light olefins and realize resource utilization of CO_(2),which has gained wide popularity.With the introduction of CO_(2),coke deposition and metal reduction encountered in alkanes dehydrogenation reactions can be effectively suppressed.CO_(2)-assisted alkanes dehydrogenation can also reduce the risk of potential explosion hazard associated with O_(2)-oxidative dehydrogenation reactions.Recent investigations into various metal-based catalysts including mono-and bi-metallic alloys and oxides have displayed promising performances due to their unique properties.This paper provides the comprehensive review and critical analysis of advancements in the CO_(2)-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes(C2-C4)on metal-based catalysts developed in recent years.Moreover,it offers a comparative summary of the structural properties,catalytic activities,and reaction mechanisms over various active sites,providing valuable insights for the future design of dehydrogenation catalysts.
基金the financial support by the Natural Science Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(20210101131JC)the Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20230217KJ).
文摘CO_(2) electrochemical reduction(CO_(2)ER)to high-value fuels and chemicals is a promising strategy for using CO_(2) as a carbon source.However,the large-scale application of CO_(2)ER is limited by the lack of efficient and selective electrocatalysts.By means of density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the potential of transitional metal-based covalent organic frameworks(TM-COFs,TM=Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ru,Rh,Pd,and Ag)as CO_(2) reduction electrocatalysts was systematically studied.The results show that the single TM atom can be firmly anchored on COFs for forming stable single-atom catalysts.The TM atom in phthalocyanine has excellent catalytic activity towards CO_(2)ER,while the pyridine N in pyrazine is the active site of the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Among studied candidates,Co-COF and Rh-COF are predicted to have limiting potential of-0.66/-0.11 and-0.49/-0.49 V for CO_(2)ER/HER,respectively.The present study may provide a new strategy for designing novel bifunctional catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21706074 and 21972038)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.2023000410209)+1 种基金the Key Research and Promotion Project of Henan Province(Nos.202102210261 and 202102310267)the Top-notch Personnel Fund of Henan Agricultural University(No.30500682)。
文摘Noble metal-based high-entropy alloy nanoparticles(NM-HEA NPs) have exhibited brilliant catalytic performance toward electrocatalytic energy conversion and attracted increasing attention. The near-equimolar mixed elements of NM-HEA NPs may result in the unique properties including cocktail effect, high entropy effect and lattice distortion effect, which are beneficial for improving the catalytic performance and reducing the amount of noble metal. Herein, several advanced NM-HEA NPs as electrocatalysts for energy conversion are systematically summarized. The preparation methods of NM-HEA NPs are evaluated as well as the catalytic properties and mechanism are discussed classified by electrocatalytic reactions. Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are carefully discussed. This review provides an overview on recent advances of NM-HEA electrocatalysts for energy conversion and draws more attention in this infant research field.
基金supported by the National Scientific Foundation of China(Grant No.21878061)。
文摘Developing lower-cost and higher-effective catalyst to support hydrogen(H_(2))production by electrochemical water-splitting has been recognized as a preferred strategy to drive the clean energy utilization.As a credible technology for the synthesis of functional materials,electrodeposition has attracted widespread attention,especially suitable for non-noble transition metal-based catalysts(TMCs).Recently,lots of researchers have been devoted to this hot research direction with plentiful achievements,however,a comprehensive review towards this area is still missing.Hence,we summarize the past research progress,presents the technical characteristics of electrodeposition from the viewpoint of fundamental theory and influence factors for the electrochemical deposition behavior,and introduce its application in various of TMCs with versatile nanostructures and compositions.Except a deeper and more comprehensive cognition of electrodeposition,we further discuss the catalyst’s optimized hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance as well as overall water splitting that combined with the synthetic process.Finally,we conclude the technical advantages towards electrodeposition,propose challenge and future research directions in this promising field.This timely review aims to promote a deeper understanding of effective catalysts obtained via electrodeposition strategy,and provide new guidance for the design and synthesis of future catalysts for hydrogen production.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875048)Outstanding Youth Project of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2020B1515020028)+2 种基金Major Scientific Project of Guangdong University(No.2017KZDXM059)Yangcheng Scholars Research Project of Guangzhou(No.201831820)Science and Technology Research Project of Guangzhou(No.202002010007)。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1502101)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC51621001)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Projects(51771075)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2016A030312011)Z.L.acknowledges the funding support from the Australian Research Council(ARC Discovery Projects,DP180102976 and DP210103539).
文摘As an environmentally friendly and high-density energy carrier,hydrogen has been recognized as one of the ideal alternatives for fossil fuels.One of the major challenges faced by“hydrogen economy”is the development of efficient,low-cost,safe and selective hydrogen generation from chemical storage materials.In this review,we summarize the recent advances in hydrogen production via hydrolysis and alcoholysis of light-metal-based materials,such as borohydrides,Mg-based and Al-based materials,and the highly efficient regeneration of borohydrides.Unfortunately,most of these hydrolysable materials are still plagued by sluggish kinetics and low hydrogen yield.While a number of strategies including catalysis,alloying,solution modification,and ball milling have been developed to overcome these drawbacks,the high costs required for the“one-pass”utilization of hydrolysis/alcoholysis systems have ultimately made these techniques almost impossible for practical large-scale applications.Therefore,it is imperative to develop low-cost material systems based on abundant resources and effective recycling technologies of spent fuels for efficient transport,production and storage of hydrogen in a fuel cell-based hydrogen economy.
基金We wish to thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51631004)JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team (No. 2017TD-09)the fund of "Worldclass Universities and World-class Disciplines" and the computing resources of High Performance Computing Centers of Jilin University and Jinan, China.
文摘Nanoporous metal-based catalysts with the specific bicontinuous interconnected ligaments/pores network exhibit highly active performances in application for energy conversion, which represent a broader trend in the design of catalyst materials. These promising nanomaterials commendably provide highly conductive porous morphologies with reduced contact resistances, large electrochemical surface areas with enhanced catalytic efficiency, and controllable synthesis for regulating the performances. Thus, we highlight recent designs of nanoporous metals, alloys, transition metal compounds and hierarchical structures mainly employed in catalysis process. We discuss applied strategies to utilize characteristics of nanoporous metals in the energetic field of catalytic reactions. Moreover, development and evolution of novel controllable synthesis methods are applied in preparation of nanoporous non-noble metals and transition metal compounds. Finally, we present some outlooks and perspectives on the nanoporous metal catalyst and suggest ways for achieving alternative materials in catalysis applications.
文摘The radiation generated by nuclear reaction is harmful to human body and equipment,thus the radiation shielding materials that employ the shielding ability from neutron and gamma rays are the best candidates according to application situations and radiation sources.In this paper,the researches of metal-based neutron and gamma rays or multiple purpose shielding materials are systematically summarized,and the respective and principal problems of these materials with respect to shielding effectiveness and other performances,such as corrosion,mechanical properties,manufacture,etc.,are discussed.Finally,the prospect of shielding materials is outlined,which suggests that the development of highly efficient and multiply functional radiation shielding materials with good environmental compatibility is one of the future development trends.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001222,52075361,and U21A20174)the Key National Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of Shanxi Province(No.202104041101008)+5 种基金the Major Science and Technology Project of Shanxi Province(No.20201102003)the Key Research and Development Projects in Shanxi Province(No.201903D421030)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.201701D221073 and 201901D111107)the Program for the Innovative Talents of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi(PTIT)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi(STIP,No.2019L025)the Special Foundation for Youth San Jin scholars。
文摘Amorphous metal-based catalysts(AMCs)have sparked intense research interests in the field of electrocatalysis elicited by their hallmark features such as unlimited volume and morphology,manipulated electronic structures,enriched defects,and unsaturated surface atom coordination.Nevertheless,the manipulation of the amorphous phase in metal-based catalysts is so far impractical,and thus their electrocatalytic mechanism yet remains ambiguous.In this review,the latest advances in AMCs are systematically reviewed,covering amorphous-phase engineering strategy,structure manipulation,and amorphization of various material categories for electrocatalysis.Specifically,a series of applications of AMCs in electrocatalysis for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)are summarized based on the classification criteria of substances.Finally,we put forward current challenges that have not yet been clarified in the field of AMCs,and propose possible solutions,particularly from the perspective of the evolution of electron microscopy.It is expected to promote the understanding of the amorphization-catalysis relationship and provide a guideline for designing high-performance electrocatalysts.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91963113).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are considered the next powerful potential generation energy storage system because of substantial potassium resource availability and similar characteristics with lithium.Unfortunately,the actual application of KIBs is inferior to that of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),in which the fi nite energy density,ordinary circular life,and underdeveloped fabrication technique dominate the key constraints.Various works have recently been directed to growing novel anode electrodes with superior electrochemical capability.Noticeably,metals/metal oxides materials(e.g.,Sb,Sn,Zn,SnO_(2),and MoO_(2))have been widely investigated as KIBs anodes because of high theoretical capacity,suggesting outstanding promise for high-energy KIBs.In this review,the latest research of metals/metal oxides electrodes for potassium storage is summarized.The major strategies to control the electrochemical property of metals/metal oxides electrodes are discussed.Finally,the future investigation foreground for these anode electrodes has been proposed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22001083,52072323,52122211)the“Double-First Class”Foundation of Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing Discipline of Xiamen University。
文摘Metal-based core-shell nanostructures have garnered enduring interest due to their unique properties and functionalities.However,their growth and transformation mechanisms in liquid media remain largely unknown because they lack direct observation of the dynamic growth process with high spatial and temporal resolution.Developing the in situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy(TEM)technique offers unprecedented real-time imaging and spectroscopy capabilities to directly track the evolution of structural and chemical transformation of metal-based core–shell nanostructures in liquid media under their working condition.Here,this review highlights recent progress in utilizing in situ liquid cell TEM characterization technique in investigating the dynamic evolution of material structure and morphology of metal-based core–shell nanostructures at the nano/atomic scale in real-time.A brief introduction of the development of liquid cells for in situ TEM is first given.Subsequently,recent advances in in situ liquid cell TEM for the fundamental study of growth mechanisms of metal based core–shell nanostructures are discussed.Finally,the challenge and future developments of metalbased core–shell nanostructures for in situ liquid cell TEM are proposed.Our review is anticipated to inspire ongoing interest in revealing unseen growth dynamics of core–shell nanostructures by in situ liquid cell TEM technique.
文摘Apple orchard surface soils in Japan are polluted with copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) due to long-term use of metal-based pesticides. We investigated the effects of heavy metals accumulated in the surface soils in apple orchards on the microbial biomass and the microbial communities. Soil samples were taken from a chestnut orchard (unpolluted control) and five apple orchards with different degrees of heavy metal pollution. Total concentrations of Cu, Pb, and As in soil ranged from 29 to 931 mg/kg, 35 to 771 mg/kg, and 11 to 198 mg/kg, respectively. The amount of microbial biomass carbon expressed on a soil organic carbon basis decreased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals. Thus, the heavy metals that accumulated in apple orchard surface soils had adverse effects on the soil microbial biomass. The analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) composition indicated that the microbial community structure had changed because of the pesticide-derived heavy metals in soil. The relative abundance of gram-positive bacterial marker PLFAs increased and that of fungal marker PLFA decreased with increasing concentrations of heavy metals in soil. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoreses targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of bacteria and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene of fungi also showed shifts in the composition of bacterial and fungal communities induced by soil pollution with heavy metals. However, the diversity of microbial communities was not significantly affected by the heavy metal pollution. This was attributable to the adaptation of the microbial communities in apple orchard surface soils to heavy metals derived from previously used pesticides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22202151)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202203021212243)。
文摘Ammonia plays an essential role in human production and life as a raw material for chemical fertilizers.The nitrate electroreduction to ammonia reaction(NO_(3)RR)has garnered attention due to its advantages over the Haber-Bosch process and electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction.Therefore,it represents a promising approach to safeguard the ecological environment by enabling the cycling of nitrogen species.This review begins by discussing the theoretical insights of the NO_(3)RR.It then summarizes recent advances in catalyst design and construction strategies,including alloying,structure engineering,surface engineering,and heterostructure engineering.Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are presented.This review aims to guide for enhancing the efficiency of electrocatalysts in the NO_(3)RR,and offers insights for converting NO_(3)-to NH_(3).
