Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide （nCuO）, zinc oxide （nZnO）, cerium dioxide （nCeO2） and their mixtures on Carassius auratus. Methods Juvenile fish （Carossius auratus） were exp...Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide （nCuO）, zinc oxide （nZnO）, cerium dioxide （nCeO2） and their mixtures on Carassius auratus. Methods Juvenile fish （Carossius auratus） were exposed to aqueous suspensions of nCuO, nZnO, and nCeO2 （alone and in mixtures） at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 3.60, and 320 mg/L. The biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in brain, sodium/potassium-activated ATPase （Na~/K＊-ATPase） in gill, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） in liver-were determined after 4 days of exposure. Integrated biomarker response （IBR） was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers into a single value. Results AChE and SOD activities were significantly inhibited by all test metal oxide nanoparticles （NPs） at high concentrations （__.160 rag/L） with the exception of nCeO2. Na~/K＋-ATPase induction exhibited bell-shaped concentration-response curves. CAT activity was significantly inhibited at concentrations equal to or higher than 160 mg/L. The order of IBR values was nCeO2 = nZnO/nCeO2= nCuO/nCeO2 〈 nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 〈 nZnO 〈 nCuO 〈 nCuO/nZnO. The joint effect seemed to be synergistic for nCuO/nZnO mixtures, additive for the ternary mixture and less than additive or antagonistic for the binary mixtures containing nCe02. Conclusion Concentration-dependent changes of enzymatic activities （ACHE, Na~/K＊-ATPase, SOD, and CAT） were observed in fish exposed to nanoscale metal oxides. IBR analysis allowed good discrimination between the different exposures and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated negative effects induced by NPs toward fish.展开更多
The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles(MONPs)using Azadirachta indica(neem)as a biogenic reducing and capping agent is discussed in this review.Neem eliminates the need for harmful chemicals and solvents tha...The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles(MONPs)using Azadirachta indica(neem)as a biogenic reducing and capping agent is discussed in this review.Neem eliminates the need for harmful chemicals and solvents that are typically used in standard synthesis procedures of MONPs.This review discusses the many ways,such as coprecipitation,hydrothermal,and microemulsion approaches,that neem leaf extract can be used to produce oxide NPs.This review focused on obtaining data from recent advances in synthesis,characterization and applications of biological synthesis techniques.The relative abundance of A.indica(neem)means this can be widely used for creating reductant and stabilizing agents needed for MONPs formation.Using plant biomolecules in MONPs increases their toxicity toward microorganisms,enabling them to resist degradation and prevent ecological pollution.The review explores the size,shape,and crystal structure of neem-based NPs,which have potential uses in areas including water purification,biological imaging,and catalysis.Overall,this review finds that A.indica is a promising substitute for conventional synthetic techniques in the green synthesis of metallic oxide NPs.展开更多
The wide applications of nanoparticles increased the demand for their risk assessment,a number of studies on the diverse effects of nanoparticles on various systems have been published.This review provides an overview...The wide applications of nanoparticles increased the demand for their risk assessment,a number of studies on the diverse effects of nanoparticles on various systems have been published.This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of cellular uptake of nanoparticles(NPs)and the advanced toxicological studies of the nanoparticles of metals and metal oxides on various systems(in-vitro and in-vivo).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51079049,51209069)Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Objective To study the biological effects of nanoscale copper oxide （nCuO）, zinc oxide （nZnO）, cerium dioxide （nCeO2） and their mixtures on Carassius auratus. Methods Juvenile fish （Carossius auratus） were exposed to aqueous suspensions of nCuO, nZnO, and nCeO2 （alone and in mixtures） at concentrations of 20, 40, 80, 3.60, and 320 mg/L. The biomarkers-acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） in brain, sodium/potassium-activated ATPase （Na~/K＊-ATPase） in gill, and superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） in liver-were determined after 4 days of exposure. Integrated biomarker response （IBR） was calculated by combining multiple biomarkers into a single value. Results AChE and SOD activities were significantly inhibited by all test metal oxide nanoparticles （NPs） at high concentrations （__.160 rag/L） with the exception of nCeO2. Na~/K＋-ATPase induction exhibited bell-shaped concentration-response curves. CAT activity was significantly inhibited at concentrations equal to or higher than 160 mg/L. The order of IBR values was nCeO2 = nZnO/nCeO2= nCuO/nCeO2 〈 nCuO/nZnO/nCeO2 〈 nZnO 〈 nCuO 〈 nCuO/nZnO. The joint effect seemed to be synergistic for nCuO/nZnO mixtures, additive for the ternary mixture and less than additive or antagonistic for the binary mixtures containing nCe02. Conclusion Concentration-dependent changes of enzymatic activities （ACHE, Na~/K＊-ATPase, SOD, and CAT） were observed in fish exposed to nanoscale metal oxides. IBR analysis allowed good discrimination between the different exposures and might be a useful tool for the quantification of integrated negative effects induced by NPs toward fish.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61975148).
文摘The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles(MONPs)using Azadirachta indica(neem)as a biogenic reducing and capping agent is discussed in this review.Neem eliminates the need for harmful chemicals and solvents that are typically used in standard synthesis procedures of MONPs.This review discusses the many ways,such as coprecipitation,hydrothermal,and microemulsion approaches,that neem leaf extract can be used to produce oxide NPs.This review focused on obtaining data from recent advances in synthesis,characterization and applications of biological synthesis techniques.The relative abundance of A.indica(neem)means this can be widely used for creating reductant and stabilizing agents needed for MONPs formation.Using plant biomolecules in MONPs increases their toxicity toward microorganisms,enabling them to resist degradation and prevent ecological pollution.The review explores the size,shape,and crystal structure of neem-based NPs,which have potential uses in areas including water purification,biological imaging,and catalysis.Overall,this review finds that A.indica is a promising substitute for conventional synthetic techniques in the green synthesis of metallic oxide NPs.
文摘The wide applications of nanoparticles increased the demand for their risk assessment,a number of studies on the diverse effects of nanoparticles on various systems have been published.This review provides an overview of the mechanisms of cellular uptake of nanoparticles(NPs)and the advanced toxicological studies of the nanoparticles of metals and metal oxides on various systems(in-vitro and in-vivo).
