Background:A number of studies document the prevalence of Taenia solium infections in Nigeria,yet these studies do not cover porcine cysticercosis in private home slaughter slabs where there is no routine meat inspect...Background:A number of studies document the prevalence of Taenia solium infections in Nigeria,yet these studies do not cover porcine cysticercosis in private home slaughter slabs where there is no routine meat inspection and backyard pig keeping,slaughtering and sale are common practice.Methods:An environmental and sanitary assessment was conducted within two unregistered home pig slaughter slabs in selected parts of the Kaduna metropolis in Nigeria.Slaughter premises were inspected for availability of basic facilities and questionnaires were used to elicit necessary informative data.Butchers were examined for taeniasis by stool microscopy and copro-antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(copro-Ag ELISA)to ascertain T.solium-taeniasis.Pigs slaughtered at the premises were examined for cysticerci.Results:Home slaughter conditions were substandard,unhygienic and lacked the basic facilities of a proper slaughterhouse.Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 9.3%.The butchers participating in the study had very poor knowledge of T.solium infections and 30%tested positive for taeniasis by copro-Ag ELISA at the time of the study.Conclusion:Home slaughter of pigs in the areas studied should be considered and integrated as a component of prevention and control programmes-particularly through educational interventions-in order to equip individuals involved with a good understanding of the risks associated with animal husbandry and human practices.展开更多
Introduction:Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus,prevalent in northwestern China.It poses a serious threat to human health and causes significant economic losses i...Introduction:Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus,prevalent in northwestern China.It poses a serious threat to human health and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry.This study aims to investigate the infection and development of Echinococcus in livestock in northwestern China,providing scientific basis for precise prevention and control of echinococcosis.Methods:This study utilized a combination of slaughterhouse and household investigations.Liver and lungs from slaughtered livestock in Sichuan Province,Qinghai Province,Xizang Autonomous Region,and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were examined through visual inspection and palpation,and Echinococcus cysts were collected.The cyst fertility was analyzed via microscopic examination.Metacestode DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene.Sequence alignment with the GenBank database was conducted to identify the genotypes of Echinococcus.Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 software.Haplotypes were analyzed using DnaSP 6,and a haplotype network was constructed using PopART 1.7.Data analysis was performed using SAS 9.4,and P<0.05 indicates statistical significance.Results:Between October and December 2023,400 yaks and 808 sheep were surveyed in Qinghai,Xizang,and Xinjiang.The infection rate of Echinococcus in yaks was 16.5%,significantly higher than that in sheep(9.41%,χ^(2)=12.9802,P<0.001).The fertility rate of Echinococcus cysts in sheep was 71.79%,significantly higher than that in yaks(15.57%,χ^(2)=64.1670,P<0.0001).The cysts were mainly parasitizes in the liver of sheep(82.89%)and the lungs of yaks(63.89%).A total of 169 Cox1 sequences were successfully amplified,of which 98.82%(167/169)corresponded to E.granulosus sensu stricto(s.s.)G1/G3,while one sequence was identified as E.canadensis G6,and one from E.multilocularis.A total of 48 haplotypes were detected,with H3 being the predominant haplotype.Conclusions:In the four survey provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)of China,the infection rate in yaks(16.5%)was significantly higher than in sheep(9.41%).Echinococcus was found preferably infect sheep liver and yak lungs,with a higher cyst fertility rate in sheep compared to yaks.Livestock infections are mainly caused by E.granulosus G1/G3,and this study,for the first time,identified E.multilocularis infection in yaks from Xizang.The findings provide a crucial foundation for further research into the molecular epidemiology,genetic evolution,and the development of precise prevention and control strategies for Echinococcus in the regions.展开更多
A biochemical some enzymes of glycolysis and a partial reversed tricarboxylic acid cycle together with hydrolytic enzymes in the cyst wall of Echinococcus granulosus was carried out. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruv...A biochemical some enzymes of glycolysis and a partial reversed tricarboxylic acid cycle together with hydrolytic enzymes in the cyst wall of Echinococcus granulosus was carried out. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) showed their high level of activity, suggesting that the proliferation of E. granulosus cyst wall is an energy-dependent process and the major pathways for glucose metabolism is glycolysis. Treatment of E. granulosus-in-fected mice with mebendazole and albendazole resulted in marked inhibition of PK, PEPCK and ATPase of E. granulosus cyst wall, whereas praziquantel had no effect, indicating that PK, PEPCK, and ATPase might be chemotherapeutic targets and the differences in the inhibitory effects might account for the efficacy of the three antihydatid drugs.展开更多
文摘Background:A number of studies document the prevalence of Taenia solium infections in Nigeria,yet these studies do not cover porcine cysticercosis in private home slaughter slabs where there is no routine meat inspection and backyard pig keeping,slaughtering and sale are common practice.Methods:An environmental and sanitary assessment was conducted within two unregistered home pig slaughter slabs in selected parts of the Kaduna metropolis in Nigeria.Slaughter premises were inspected for availability of basic facilities and questionnaires were used to elicit necessary informative data.Butchers were examined for taeniasis by stool microscopy and copro-antigen enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(copro-Ag ELISA)to ascertain T.solium-taeniasis.Pigs slaughtered at the premises were examined for cysticerci.Results:Home slaughter conditions were substandard,unhygienic and lacked the basic facilities of a proper slaughterhouse.Prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 9.3%.The butchers participating in the study had very poor knowledge of T.solium infections and 30%tested positive for taeniasis by copro-Ag ELISA at the time of the study.Conclusion:Home slaughter of pigs in the areas studied should be considered and integrated as a component of prevention and control programmes-particularly through educational interventions-in order to equip individuals involved with a good understanding of the risks associated with animal husbandry and human practices.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300803)State Key Laboratory for Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock(No.2021KF0301)+1 种基金NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control(No.2022WZK1006)The National Parasitic Resources Center,the Ministry of Science and Technology fund(NPRC-2019-194-30).
文摘Introduction:Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus,prevalent in northwestern China.It poses a serious threat to human health and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry.This study aims to investigate the infection and development of Echinococcus in livestock in northwestern China,providing scientific basis for precise prevention and control of echinococcosis.Methods:This study utilized a combination of slaughterhouse and household investigations.Liver and lungs from slaughtered livestock in Sichuan Province,Qinghai Province,Xizang Autonomous Region,and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were examined through visual inspection and palpation,and Echinococcus cysts were collected.The cyst fertility was analyzed via microscopic examination.Metacestode DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene.Sequence alignment with the GenBank database was conducted to identify the genotypes of Echinococcus.Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 software.Haplotypes were analyzed using DnaSP 6,and a haplotype network was constructed using PopART 1.7.Data analysis was performed using SAS 9.4,and P<0.05 indicates statistical significance.Results:Between October and December 2023,400 yaks and 808 sheep were surveyed in Qinghai,Xizang,and Xinjiang.The infection rate of Echinococcus in yaks was 16.5%,significantly higher than that in sheep(9.41%,χ^(2)=12.9802,P<0.001).The fertility rate of Echinococcus cysts in sheep was 71.79%,significantly higher than that in yaks(15.57%,χ^(2)=64.1670,P<0.0001).The cysts were mainly parasitizes in the liver of sheep(82.89%)and the lungs of yaks(63.89%).A total of 169 Cox1 sequences were successfully amplified,of which 98.82%(167/169)corresponded to E.granulosus sensu stricto(s.s.)G1/G3,while one sequence was identified as E.canadensis G6,and one from E.multilocularis.A total of 48 haplotypes were detected,with H3 being the predominant haplotype.Conclusions:In the four survey provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)of China,the infection rate in yaks(16.5%)was significantly higher than in sheep(9.41%).Echinococcus was found preferably infect sheep liver and yak lungs,with a higher cyst fertility rate in sheep compared to yaks.Livestock infections are mainly caused by E.granulosus G1/G3,and this study,for the first time,identified E.multilocularis infection in yaks from Xizang.The findings provide a crucial foundation for further research into the molecular epidemiology,genetic evolution,and the development of precise prevention and control strategies for Echinococcus in the regions.
文摘A biochemical some enzymes of glycolysis and a partial reversed tricarboxylic acid cycle together with hydrolytic enzymes in the cyst wall of Echinococcus granulosus was carried out. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) showed their high level of activity, suggesting that the proliferation of E. granulosus cyst wall is an energy-dependent process and the major pathways for glucose metabolism is glycolysis. Treatment of E. granulosus-in-fected mice with mebendazole and albendazole resulted in marked inhibition of PK, PEPCK and ATPase of E. granulosus cyst wall, whereas praziquantel had no effect, indicating that PK, PEPCK, and ATPase might be chemotherapeutic targets and the differences in the inhibitory effects might account for the efficacy of the three antihydatid drugs.
