The Messinian sequence in the Nile Delta hosts the most prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs,and is therefore of great importance from the aspect of nonrenewable fuel sources exploration and development strategies.This stu...The Messinian sequence in the Nile Delta hosts the most prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs,and is therefore of great importance from the aspect of nonrenewable fuel sources exploration and development strategies.This study presents an investigation for the differential impacts of the depositional and petrophysical attributes on the hydrocarbon volumes trapped in the Messinian reservoirs.Analyses of the pressure data and pressure gradients revealed hydraulically-connected and homogeneous Messinian reservoir rocks.The amounts of Stock Tank Oil and Gas Initially In Places(STOIPP&GIIP)are typically controlled by the depositional primary attributes(matrix content and grain size)which induce several reservoir heterogeneities.The Lower Messinian Qawasim reservoir is subdivided into two main zones:the distal deltaic(zone 1)prograded into proximal deltaic facies(zone 2).The petrophysical reservoir quality in terms of porosity,permeability and water saturation increases upward from zone 1 to zone 2.These are largely controlled by the depositional attributes,and therefore zone 2 with a minimum matrix content,coarse-grained sandstones and mega pore spaces(>150 mm)hosts almost 90%of the STOIIP and 100%of the GIIP.Notably,approximately 78%and 65%of the total STOIIP and GIIP,respectively are confined within the coarse-grained delta-plain distributary channels of zone 2.Similarly,the fluvial sediments(zone 1)of the Upper Messinian Abu Madi Formation host 78%of the GIIP in West Al-Khilala Field and the other 22%is trapped in the overlying zone 2 and is mostly distributed within the sandprone tidal channel and tidal sand bars facies.The channel width/thickness(W/T)ratio largely controls the STOIIP and GIIP values.STOIIP and GIIP display a progressive linear increase with increasing the channel width.This is likely due to increasing the percentage of the good reservoir quality facies within the geologic model as well as increasing the reservoir connectivity with increasing the channel width.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONA significant paleoceanographic event happened at the end of Miocene, i. e. the Messinian stage(about 6.2—5 MaBP). This event was first discovered by Lyell(1833). He found an evolutionary gap of organ...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONA significant paleoceanographic event happened at the end of Miocene, i. e. the Messinian stage(about 6.2—5 MaBP). This event was first discovered by Lyell(1833). He found an evolutionary gap of organisms between Miocene and Pliocene based on the records from Tertiary sandstone and marlstone. Many evidences, then, were found in Europe, Africa and circum-Pacific region, e. g. buried river channel was found in Walongs Plain, South France. The channel which cuts deeply into the granitic basement is buried展开更多
In the last 30 ma, the passive continental margin of South America and the Amazonian basin experienced three periods of major sea level inundation;viz. at around 20 ma, at around 10 ma and at around 3 ma. The establis...In the last 30 ma, the passive continental margin of South America and the Amazonian basin experienced three periods of major sea level inundation;viz. at around 20 ma, at around 10 ma and at around 3 ma. The establishment of the immense Amazonian rainforest ecosystem covering some 6 million square km can neither have occurred during the periods of high sea level nor at the intermediate periods of arid or semi-arid climatic conditions. Therefore, the origin of the Amazonian rainforest of present-day dimensions must be set at the Late Miocene. The establishment of the Amazonian rainforest implied the withdrawal of enormous quantities of water from the global hydrological cycle. The drastic increase in evaporation leading to the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean occurred at the same time as the Amazonian rainforest (sensu hodierno) establishment suggesting a causal linkage.展开更多
The tectonic deformation has a significant influence on the hydrocarbon reservoirs properties.The effect of this process focuses on the lateral distribution of the petrophysical parameters characterizing the hydrocarb...The tectonic deformation has a significant influence on the hydrocarbon reservoirs properties.The effect of this process focuses on the lateral distribution of the petrophysical parameters characterizing the hydrocarbon reservoirs.The main objective of the current study is to perform a petrophysical examination of the Abu Madi gas reservoir which is the greatest gas-bearing reservoir at Nile Delta Basin in order to examine how far the Messinian tectonics affected the lateral variations of these petrophysical parameters.This petrophysical evaluation was performed based on the wireline log data acquired for five wells,namely,Abu Madi-2,Abu Madi-7,El Qara-3,Nidoco-7,and Nidoco-9 drilled within the Abu Madi Paleo-Valley.The petrophysical assessment for the most promising zone intervals within the Abu Madi sandstones in the inspected wells show that the total porosity varies between 17%and 22%,the effective porosity ranges from 7%to 19%,the shale volume fluctuates between 16%and 30%,hydrocarbon satu-ration varies from 37%to 76%,and the bulk volume of water varies between 0.02 and 0.09.These significant variations in the petrophysical properties of the Abu Madi reservoir are attributed to the tectonic influence during the deposition of the Abu Madi Formation as a part of the Late Miocene synrift megasequence in the Nile Delta Basin.This conclusion confirms that the petrophysical properties of sandstone reservoirs are function of tectonic and structural deformation.展开更多
基金Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research(Grant number 2014-2018)for funding this study.
文摘The Messinian sequence in the Nile Delta hosts the most prolific hydrocarbon reservoirs,and is therefore of great importance from the aspect of nonrenewable fuel sources exploration and development strategies.This study presents an investigation for the differential impacts of the depositional and petrophysical attributes on the hydrocarbon volumes trapped in the Messinian reservoirs.Analyses of the pressure data and pressure gradients revealed hydraulically-connected and homogeneous Messinian reservoir rocks.The amounts of Stock Tank Oil and Gas Initially In Places(STOIPP&GIIP)are typically controlled by the depositional primary attributes(matrix content and grain size)which induce several reservoir heterogeneities.The Lower Messinian Qawasim reservoir is subdivided into two main zones:the distal deltaic(zone 1)prograded into proximal deltaic facies(zone 2).The petrophysical reservoir quality in terms of porosity,permeability and water saturation increases upward from zone 1 to zone 2.These are largely controlled by the depositional attributes,and therefore zone 2 with a minimum matrix content,coarse-grained sandstones and mega pore spaces(>150 mm)hosts almost 90%of the STOIIP and 100%of the GIIP.Notably,approximately 78%and 65%of the total STOIIP and GIIP,respectively are confined within the coarse-grained delta-plain distributary channels of zone 2.Similarly,the fluvial sediments(zone 1)of the Upper Messinian Abu Madi Formation host 78%of the GIIP in West Al-Khilala Field and the other 22%is trapped in the overlying zone 2 and is mostly distributed within the sandprone tidal channel and tidal sand bars facies.The channel width/thickness(W/T)ratio largely controls the STOIIP and GIIP values.STOIIP and GIIP display a progressive linear increase with increasing the channel width.This is likely due to increasing the percentage of the good reservoir quality facies within the geologic model as well as increasing the reservoir connectivity with increasing the channel width.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONA significant paleoceanographic event happened at the end of Miocene, i. e. the Messinian stage(about 6.2—5 MaBP). This event was first discovered by Lyell(1833). He found an evolutionary gap of organisms between Miocene and Pliocene based on the records from Tertiary sandstone and marlstone. Many evidences, then, were found in Europe, Africa and circum-Pacific region, e. g. buried river channel was found in Walongs Plain, South France. The channel which cuts deeply into the granitic basement is buried
文摘In the last 30 ma, the passive continental margin of South America and the Amazonian basin experienced three periods of major sea level inundation;viz. at around 20 ma, at around 10 ma and at around 3 ma. The establishment of the immense Amazonian rainforest ecosystem covering some 6 million square km can neither have occurred during the periods of high sea level nor at the intermediate periods of arid or semi-arid climatic conditions. Therefore, the origin of the Amazonian rainforest of present-day dimensions must be set at the Late Miocene. The establishment of the Amazonian rainforest implied the withdrawal of enormous quantities of water from the global hydrological cycle. The drastic increase in evaporation leading to the Messinian salinity crisis in the Mediterranean occurred at the same time as the Amazonian rainforest (sensu hodierno) establishment suggesting a causal linkage.
文摘The tectonic deformation has a significant influence on the hydrocarbon reservoirs properties.The effect of this process focuses on the lateral distribution of the petrophysical parameters characterizing the hydrocarbon reservoirs.The main objective of the current study is to perform a petrophysical examination of the Abu Madi gas reservoir which is the greatest gas-bearing reservoir at Nile Delta Basin in order to examine how far the Messinian tectonics affected the lateral variations of these petrophysical parameters.This petrophysical evaluation was performed based on the wireline log data acquired for five wells,namely,Abu Madi-2,Abu Madi-7,El Qara-3,Nidoco-7,and Nidoco-9 drilled within the Abu Madi Paleo-Valley.The petrophysical assessment for the most promising zone intervals within the Abu Madi sandstones in the inspected wells show that the total porosity varies between 17%and 22%,the effective porosity ranges from 7%to 19%,the shale volume fluctuates between 16%and 30%,hydrocarbon satu-ration varies from 37%to 76%,and the bulk volume of water varies between 0.02 and 0.09.These significant variations in the petrophysical properties of the Abu Madi reservoir are attributed to the tectonic influence during the deposition of the Abu Madi Formation as a part of the Late Miocene synrift megasequence in the Nile Delta Basin.This conclusion confirms that the petrophysical properties of sandstone reservoirs are function of tectonic and structural deformation.
