The Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) supported by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) helps factories collect data and achieve seamless communication between physical and virtual components. Sensor nodes are energy-constrained...The Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) supported by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) helps factories collect data and achieve seamless communication between physical and virtual components. Sensor nodes are energy-constrained devices. Their energy consumption is typically correlated with the amount of data collection. The purpose of data aggregation is to reduce data transmission, lower energy consumption, and reduce network congestion. For large-scale WSN, data aggregation can greatly improve network efficiency. However, as many heterogeneous data is poured into a specific area at the same time, it sometimes causes data loss and then results in incompleteness and irregularity of production data. This paper proposes an information processing model that encompasses the Energy-Conserving Data Aggregation Algorithm (ECDA) and the Efficient Message Reception Algorithm (EMRA). ECDA is divided into two stages, Energy conservation based on the global cost and Data aggregation based on ant colony optimization. The EMRA comprises the Polling Message Reception Algorithm (PMRA), the Shortest Time Message Reception Algorithm (STMRA), and the Specific Condition Message Reception Algorithm (SCMRA). These algorithms are not only available for the regularity and directionality of sensor information transmission, but also satisfy the different requirements in small factory environments. To compare with the recent HPSO-ILEACH and E-PEGASIS, DCDA can effectively reduce energy consumption. Experimental results show that STMRA consumes 1.3 times the time of SCMRA. Both optimization algorithms exhibit higher time efficiency than PMRA. Furthermore, this paper also evaluates these three algorithms using AHP.展开更多
Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal...Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal can be used in satellite navigation,the anti-jamming ability of satellite navigation can be improved.Although a recently proposed timefrequency matrix ranging method(TFMR)can use FH signals to realize pseudorange measurement,it cannot transmit navigation messages using the ranging signal which is crucial for satellite navigation.In this article,we propose dual-tone binary frequency shift keyingbased TFMR(DBFSK-TFMR).DBFSK-TFMR designs an extended time-frequency matrix(ETFM)and its generation algorithm,which can use the frequency differences in different dual-tone signals in ETFM to modulate data and eliminate the negative impact of data modulation on pseudorange measurement.Using ETFM,DBFSK-TFMR not only realizes the navigation message transmission but also ensures the precision and unambiguous measurement range of pseudorange measurement.DBFSK-TFMR can be used as an integrated solution for anti-jamming communication and navigation based on FH signals.Simulation results show that DBFSK-TFMR has almost the same ranging performance as TFMR.展开更多
Using special commands in TCP/IP protocol family can realize the detection of network running status, and network managers must master the command group. This program integrating network managers＇ manual network test...Using special commands in TCP/IP protocol family can realize the detection of network running status, and network managers must master the command group. This program integrating network managers＇ manual network test into a 24-hour operation procedure can simply find out network faults occurring, and the fault information can be sent to the mobile phone of a network manager in the form of a short message, so that the network manager can take fast and active measures as early as possible.展开更多
In this paper,an efficient resource allocation scheme based on deep reinforcement learning( DRL) for nonorthogonal multiple access( NOMA)-based vehicle platooning cellular vehicle-to-everything( C-V2X) networks was pr...In this paper,an efficient resource allocation scheme based on deep reinforcement learning( DRL) for nonorthogonal multiple access( NOMA)-based vehicle platooning cellular vehicle-to-everything( C-V2X) networks was proposed. Based on the DRL algorithm,a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to minimize the age of information( AoI) and improve energy efficiency( EE) and transmission efficiency of cooperative awareness message( CAM). Deep Q-network( DQN) and the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient( TD3)algorithms are constructed to achieve the optimization. To enhance training efficiency and model generalization,the traditional sampling method of the experience replay buffer is abandoned,and a dual three-layer network based on a neural network experience replay mechanism is proposed. Based on the proposed DRL algorithm,reward function,AoI,EE,and transmission efficiency of CAM are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed DRL algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms.展开更多
基金Funds for High-Level Talents Programof Xi’an International University(Grant No.XAIU202411).
文摘The Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) supported by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) helps factories collect data and achieve seamless communication between physical and virtual components. Sensor nodes are energy-constrained devices. Their energy consumption is typically correlated with the amount of data collection. The purpose of data aggregation is to reduce data transmission, lower energy consumption, and reduce network congestion. For large-scale WSN, data aggregation can greatly improve network efficiency. However, as many heterogeneous data is poured into a specific area at the same time, it sometimes causes data loss and then results in incompleteness and irregularity of production data. This paper proposes an information processing model that encompasses the Energy-Conserving Data Aggregation Algorithm (ECDA) and the Efficient Message Reception Algorithm (EMRA). ECDA is divided into two stages, Energy conservation based on the global cost and Data aggregation based on ant colony optimization. The EMRA comprises the Polling Message Reception Algorithm (PMRA), the Shortest Time Message Reception Algorithm (STMRA), and the Specific Condition Message Reception Algorithm (SCMRA). These algorithms are not only available for the regularity and directionality of sensor information transmission, but also satisfy the different requirements in small factory environments. To compare with the recent HPSO-ILEACH and E-PEGASIS, DCDA can effectively reduce energy consumption. Experimental results show that STMRA consumes 1.3 times the time of SCMRA. Both optimization algorithms exhibit higher time efficiency than PMRA. Furthermore, this paper also evaluates these three algorithms using AHP.
文摘Global navigation satellite system has been widely used,but it is vulnerable to jamming.In military satellite communications,frequency hopping(FH)signal is usually used for anti-jamming communications.If the FH signal can be used in satellite navigation,the anti-jamming ability of satellite navigation can be improved.Although a recently proposed timefrequency matrix ranging method(TFMR)can use FH signals to realize pseudorange measurement,it cannot transmit navigation messages using the ranging signal which is crucial for satellite navigation.In this article,we propose dual-tone binary frequency shift keyingbased TFMR(DBFSK-TFMR).DBFSK-TFMR designs an extended time-frequency matrix(ETFM)and its generation algorithm,which can use the frequency differences in different dual-tone signals in ETFM to modulate data and eliminate the negative impact of data modulation on pseudorange measurement.Using ETFM,DBFSK-TFMR not only realizes the navigation message transmission but also ensures the precision and unambiguous measurement range of pseudorange measurement.DBFSK-TFMR can be used as an integrated solution for anti-jamming communication and navigation based on FH signals.Simulation results show that DBFSK-TFMR has almost the same ranging performance as TFMR.
文摘Using special commands in TCP/IP protocol family can realize the detection of network running status, and network managers must master the command group. This program integrating network managers＇ manual network test into a 24-hour operation procedure can simply find out network faults occurring, and the fault information can be sent to the mobile phone of a network manager in the form of a short message, so that the network manager can take fast and active measures as early as possible.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62001166)the Provincial Science and Technology Program of China (2023KFKT002)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(F2024201053)。
文摘In this paper,an efficient resource allocation scheme based on deep reinforcement learning( DRL) for nonorthogonal multiple access( NOMA)-based vehicle platooning cellular vehicle-to-everything( C-V2X) networks was proposed. Based on the DRL algorithm,a multi-objective optimization problem is formulated to minimize the age of information( AoI) and improve energy efficiency( EE) and transmission efficiency of cooperative awareness message( CAM). Deep Q-network( DQN) and the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient( TD3)algorithms are constructed to achieve the optimization. To enhance training efficiency and model generalization,the traditional sampling method of the experience replay buffer is abandoned,and a dual three-layer network based on a neural network experience replay mechanism is proposed. Based on the proposed DRL algorithm,reward function,AoI,EE,and transmission efficiency of CAM are investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed DRL algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms.
