The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstanc- es where they have both positive and negative...The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstanc- es where they have both positive and negative effects. In the case of human colon, different levels of stem cell compartments exist. First, the crypt epithelial stem cells, which have a role in the normal crypt epithelial cell dynamics and in colorectal carcinogenesis. Close to the crypts, the second layer of stern cells can be found; the local subepithelial stem cell niche, including the pericryptic subepithelial myofibroblasts that regulate the epithelial cell differentiation and have a crucial role in cancer progression and chronic inflammation-related fibrosis. The third level of stem cell compartment is the immigrating bone-marrow-derived stem cells, which have an important role in wound healing after severe mucosal inflammation, but are also involved in cancer invasion. This paper focuses on stem cell biology in the context of physiological and pathological processes in the human colon.展开更多
The paracrine and immunomodulatory cytokines secreted by mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),generally referred to as the MSCs derived secretome,has substantial potential for the treatment of many chronic and degenerative di...The paracrine and immunomodulatory cytokines secreted by mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),generally referred to as the MSCs derived secretome,has substantial potential for the treatment of many chronic and degenerative diseases.MSCs secretome contains both common and disease specific cytokines and modulators that can be beneficial against a wide range of chronic diseases.Herein,we discuss the MSCs secretome composition profile and its translational applicability and the challenges surrounding its use in clinical settings.展开更多
文摘The latest avenue of research is revealing the existence of and role for the colonic stem cells in the physiological renewal of the mucosa and in pathological circumstanc- es where they have both positive and negative effects. In the case of human colon, different levels of stem cell compartments exist. First, the crypt epithelial stem cells, which have a role in the normal crypt epithelial cell dynamics and in colorectal carcinogenesis. Close to the crypts, the second layer of stern cells can be found; the local subepithelial stem cell niche, including the pericryptic subepithelial myofibroblasts that regulate the epithelial cell differentiation and have a crucial role in cancer progression and chronic inflammation-related fibrosis. The third level of stem cell compartment is the immigrating bone-marrow-derived stem cells, which have an important role in wound healing after severe mucosal inflammation, but are also involved in cancer invasion. This paper focuses on stem cell biology in the context of physiological and pathological processes in the human colon.
文摘The paracrine and immunomodulatory cytokines secreted by mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),generally referred to as the MSCs derived secretome,has substantial potential for the treatment of many chronic and degenerative diseases.MSCs secretome contains both common and disease specific cytokines and modulators that can be beneficial against a wide range of chronic diseases.Herein,we discuss the MSCs secretome composition profile and its translational applicability and the challenges surrounding its use in clinical settings.
