Under earthquake action, different site conditions have a notable impact on the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges after earthquakes, which in turn poses a threat to the running stability of trains in the ...Under earthquake action, different site conditions have a notable impact on the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges after earthquakes, which in turn poses a threat to the running stability of trains in the post-earthquake period. Therefore, establishing a calculation method for the post-earthquake train speed threshold that considers the influence of different site characteristics is of great engineering significance. Taking the CRTS Ⅲ slab track as the research object, this study is based on the track irregularity root mean square rate(TRR), which the authors proposed earlier to quantify the track regularity level. Using the nonlinear least squares fitting method, the mapping relationship between the TRR and the postearthquake train running performance indicators on bridges is established. Furthermore, the influence of laws governing site categories and train speeds on post-earthquake train running performance on bridges is analyzed, and a train speed threshold for bridges based on running performance under random site conditions is proposed. The research results indicate that all train running performance indicators increase significantly with the increase of train operating speed;different site categories have a significant impact on post-earthquake track residual deformation and train running stability. The greater the amplitude of postearthquake track alignment residual deformation, the lower the threshold for the stable running speed of trains after the earthquake, with the speed threshold decreasing by up to 20%. The research outcomes can provide technical references for the post-earthquake safe operation and maintenance of high-speed railway bridges under complex site conditions, as well as the formulation of targeted train speed control schemes.展开更多
Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water re...Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water resource management and flood control.However,current investigations on their spatio-temporal patterns remain limited,largely because of the lack of systematic detection indices that are specifically designed for precipitation events,which constrains event-scale research.In this study,we defined a set of precipitation event detection indices(PEDI)that consists of five conventional and fourteen extreme indices to characterize precipitation events from the perspectives of intensity,duration,and frequency.Applications of the PEDI revealed the spatial patterns of hourly precipitation events in China and its first-and second-order river basins from 2008 to 2017.Both conventional and extreme precipitation events displayed spatial distribution patterns that gradually decreased in intensity,duration,and frequency from southeast to northwest China.Compared with those in northwest China,the average values of most PEDIs in southeast China were usually 2-10 times greater for first-order river basins and 3-15 times greater for second-order basins.The PEDI could serve as a reference method for investigating precipitation events at global,regional,and basin scales.展开更多
Sand dust belts span approximately one-fifth of the global land surface.In these regions,dust tends to settle on vegetation surfaces,altering the observed reflectance and affecting remote sensing detections.To enhance...Sand dust belts span approximately one-fifth of the global land surface.In these regions,dust tends to settle on vegetation surfaces,altering the observed reflectance and affecting remote sensing detections.To enhance the accuracy of maize growth monitoring in dust-affected regions,this study aims to quantify the effect of sand dust retention on maize during the tasseling stage in the Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,by analyzing changes in canopy reflectance and vegetation indices.First,field sampling was conducted to measure the key canopy structure parameters and dust retention levels of maize,and laboratory spectral measurements were performed on leaf spectral properties under gradient dust retention.The measured data were then used to drive the LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image Simulation framework(LESS)model for simulating realistic maize canopy spectra across different dust levels,with validation against Sentinel-2 imagery.Second,on the basis of the simulated and satellite-derived spectra,the dust resistance of 36 common vegetation indices was systematically evaluated,and new robust dust-resistant indices were developed.The results showed that compared with dust-free maize,the canopy reflectance of dust-retained maize followed an increase–decrease–increase pattern,with critical turning points at 735 and 1325 nm.The maximum reflectance difference of–0.11755(change rate:29.002%)occurred within the 735–1325 nm range at 24 g/m^(2)dust retention,and the minimum reflectance difference of 0.04285(change rate:148.950%)was observed in the 350–735 nm range under the same dust retention level.Among the 36 vegetation indices,only the global environment monitoring index(GEMI)and the ratio of transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index to optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index(TCARI/OSAVI)exhibited dust resistance,with GEMI being effective below 6 g/m^(2)and TCARI/OSAVI remaining stable across all levels(average ratio:0.970).The newly developed indices in this study,(RE3–RE2)/(NIR–RE2),(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),and(NIR–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),retained values within the predefined dust-resistant range over the full dust retention levels of 0–24 g/m^(2),thus showing a more stable dust resistance compared with the commonly used 36 vegetation indices.Specially,(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2)performed the most robustly in Sentinel-2 imagery,that is,58.020%of pixels were within the dust-resistant range,and an average ratio of 0.937 was obtained for the original-spectra index.This study provides a scientific basis for crop monitoring and management in dust-affected regions.展开更多
The Hosoya index of a graph is the total number of matchings in it. And the Merrifield-Simmons index is the total number of independent sets in it. They are typical examples of graph invariants used in mathematical ch...The Hosoya index of a graph is the total number of matchings in it. And the Merrifield-Simmons index is the total number of independent sets in it. They are typical examples of graph invariants used in mathematical chemistry for quantifying relevant details of molecular structure. In this paper, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the expectations of the Hosoya index and the Merrifield-Simmons index of a random polyphenyl chain.展开更多
The Hosoya index of a graph is the total number of matchings in it.And the Merrifield-Simmons index is the total number of independent sets in it.They are typical examples of graph invariants used in mathematical chem...The Hosoya index of a graph is the total number of matchings in it.And the Merrifield-Simmons index is the total number of independent sets in it.They are typical examples of graph invariants used in mathematical chemistry for quantifying relevant details of molecular structure.In this paper,we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the expectations of the Hosoya index and the Merrifield-Simmons index of a random polyphenyl chain.展开更多
The Merrifield-Simmons index and Hosoya index are defined as the number of the graph G（V, E） as the number of subsets of V（G） in which no tow vertices are adjacent and the number of subsets of E（G） in which no t...The Merrifield-Simmons index and Hosoya index are defined as the number of the graph G（V, E） as the number of subsets of V（G） in which no tow vertices are adjacent and the number of subsets of E（G） in which no two edges are incident, respectively. In this paper, we characterize the Unicyclic graphs with Merrifield-Simmons indices and Hosoya indices, respectively. And double-cyclic graphs with Hosoya indices among the doublecyclic graphs with n vertices.展开更多
Damage indices are effective in quantifying structural seismic damage.Numerous response-based damage indices have been developed and validated through the hysteretic response of various experimental specimens.However,...Damage indices are effective in quantifying structural seismic damage.Numerous response-based damage indices have been developed and validated through the hysteretic response of various experimental specimens.However,the accuracy of these indices for evaluating damage of RC columns is challenged by fluctuating axial load and irregular horizontal loading paths from 3-D earthquake excitations.This study introduces D_(iem),a material-based damage model for RC columns under random bidirectional loads and variable axial forces.Section damage indices of the plastic hinge are calculated by integrating the damage indices of concrete and steel fiber elements,considering their distance to the centroid axis.The P-Δeffect index is defined,and the component failure index is calculated using a combination of these indices.A hysteretic simulation and D_(iem)damage analysis program for cantilever RC columns is developed using Fortran.Three RC columns tested under bidirectional hysteretic loading are simulated to calibrate the program.Parameter analysis of 1,638 RC columns is conducted to verify D_(iem)’s applicability.The results demonstrated that D_(iem)’s failure assessment aligns with the 80%residual criterion.D_(iem)analysis of a real seismic damaged RC column shows satisfactory agreement with post-earthquake damage assessment and illustrates significant damage differences between columns with and without axial load fluctuation.展开更多
Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among...Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among 36 mutant lines using morpho-physiological indices.Seedlings of mutant lines and check varieties were grown under both normal(control)and heat-stress conditions in growth chambers.Data were recorded on root-shoot parameters(length,fresh weight,dry weight,and ratio),relative water content(RWC),stability of cell membrane,pigment content,and chlorophyll fluorescence.Two-way analysis of variance showed significant(p<0.01,p<0.001)variation among 15 morpho-physiological features in both growing conditions.Correlation studies showed that pigment-specific indices(total chl,chl a,chl b,carotenoid,Fv/Fm—chlorophyll fluorescence)had significant positive correlations with rootshoot fresh weight(RFW,SFW)and root-shoot dry weight(RDW,SDW),and negative association with relative water content,stability of cell membrane at both conditions.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three primary clusters where cluster III(18 genotypes)showed minimal changes in studied characters than cluster I(11 genotypes)and cluster II(13 genotypes).Results obtained from this study revealed that the identified heat-sensitive(30-2 SSH)and heat-tolerant genotypes(27-2(4),29-2(2),and 30-2 SSH)of wheat might provide useful breeding materials for enhancing wheat yield even more in this period of uncertain climate change.展开更多
Platelet indices(PIs)including high mean platelet volume(MPV),plateletcrit(PLC),and platelet distribution width(PLDW)are associated with poor glycemic control.In addition,they can indicate prothrombotic and procoagula...Platelet indices(PIs)including high mean platelet volume(MPV),plateletcrit(PLC),and platelet distribution width(PLDW)are associated with poor glycemic control.In addition,they can indicate prothrombotic and procoagulation risk among patients with diabetes.PI measurement is cheap,quick and fits healthcare system needs in remote outreaching areas in low-income countries.However,a broader insight into their clinical implications in diabetes is lacking.To achieve a wider understanding,we reviewed PubMed/MEDLINE,Google Scholar and Cochrane Library for relevant articles investigating the role of PIs in diabetes mellitus.No limitation to the publication date was applied,which included all articles published up to August 17,2024.The terms used were MPV,PLC,PLDW,platelet large cell ratio,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),PIs,platelet activity and diabetes mellitus.Out of the 790 articles retrieved,187 full texts were reviewed,and 44 were included.PIs,when measurements are done promptly and within 2 h,could be short-term pointers to glycemic control in the life span of the platelets(2 wk).PIs are easy to perform,cheap and useful in remote outreaching areas with limited facilities where measurement of HbA1c is not available or cost-effective.However,PIs are not specific and are affected by demographic factors,such as pregnancy,renal failure,medications,hemoglobin and duration of diabetes.PIs could be implemented with daily blood glucose to inform doctors in low-income countries about their patients'glycemic control and cardiovascular risk.An important application might be when blood glucose control is needed quickly(before elective surgery).展开更多
The utilization of palynological data for plant diversity reconstructions offers notable advantages in addressing the discontinuity of plant fossils in the stratigraphic record. However, additional studies of modern p...The utilization of palynological data for plant diversity reconstructions offers notable advantages in addressing the discontinuity of plant fossils in the stratigraphic record. However, additional studies of modern processes are required to validate or refine the accuracy of diversity results obtained from palynological data. In this study, we used a modern pollen dataset of China to compare the accuracy of plant diversity reconstructions using five different palynological diversity indices(i.e., the pollen species number, Berger-Parker index, Simpson diversity index, Hill index, and Shannon-Wiener index) over a large spatial scale. We then identified climate factors that are most strongly correlated with these patterns of plant diversity. We found that the index that most accurately reflects plant diversity is the Shannon-Wiener index. Our analyses indicated that the most effective indices at reflecting plant diversity are the Shannon-Wiener index and Berger-Parker index. Numerical analysis revealed that palynological diversity(measured using the Shannon-Wiener index) was strongly correlated with climatic parameters, in particular average temperature in the coldest month and annual precipitation,suggesting these factors may be primary determinants of plant diversity distribution. We also found that a threshold value of the normalized Shannon-Wiener index(NH = 0.4) approximately aligns with the contour line specifying 400 mm annual precipitation, serving as a rudimentary indicator for assessing plant diversity in arid versus humid climates. This study suggests that pollen diversity indices have remarkable potential for quantitatively reconstructing paleoclimatic parameters.展开更多
BACKGROUND Some non-insulin-based insulin resistance(IR)indices have been found to be associated with metabolic syndrome(MetS);however,few cohort studies have compared the capacities of these indices for predicting in...BACKGROUND Some non-insulin-based insulin resistance(IR)indices have been found to be associated with metabolic syndrome(MetS);however,few cohort studies have compared the capacities of these indices for predicting incident MetS in young adults.AIM To investigate the associations of various non-insulin-based IR(NI-IR)indices with new-onset MetS in young military personnel.METHODS A total of 2890 armed forces personnel in Taiwan who were aged 18-39 years and did not have MetS at baseline were followed to monitor the incidence of new-onset MetS from 2014 to the end of 2020.Six NI-IR indices,including the metabolic score for IR(METS-IR),triglyceride(TG)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)ratio,TG glucose(TyG)index,Zhejiang University(ZJU)index,total cholesterol(TC)-to-HDL-C ratio,and alanine transaminase(ALT)-to-aspartate transaminase(AST)ratio,were defined according to specific criteria.Incident MetS was identified on the basis of each annual health examination using the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multiple Cox regression analyses were conducted,adjusting for age,sex,waist circumference,smoking status,alcohol consumption status,and physical activity,to assess the associations of the NI-IR indices with incident MetS.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)was used to compare the capacities of these NI-IR indices for predicting new-onset MetS.RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.8 years,there were 673 patients with new-onset MetS(23%).All six of the NI-IR indices were significantly and positively associated with incident MetS.In the entire cohort,the greatest AUROC was found for the METS-IR[0.782;95%confidence interval(CI):0.762-0.801;all P values compared to the other NIIR indices<0.05],followed by the TG/HDL-C ratio(0.752;95%CI:0.731-0.772),ZJU index(0.743;95%CI:0.722-0.764),TyG index(0.734;95%CI:0.713-0.756),TC/HDL-C ratio(0.731;95%CI:0.709-0.752),and then the ALT/AST ratio(0.734;95%CI:0.713-0.756).CONCLUSION This study suggests that almost all the NI-IR indices are associated with the development of MetS in military young adults.The METS-IR is the strongest predictor of new-onset MetS before midlife.展开更多
Accurate and timely estimation of above-ground biomass is crucial for understanding crop growth dynamics,optimizing agricultural input management,and assessing productivity in sustainable farming practices.However,con...Accurate and timely estimation of above-ground biomass is crucial for understanding crop growth dynamics,optimizing agricultural input management,and assessing productivity in sustainable farming practices.However,conventional biomass assessments are destructive and resource-intensive.In contrast,remote sensing techniques,particularly those utilizing low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles,provide a non-destructive approach to collect imagery data on plant canopy features,including spectral reflectance and structural details at any stage of the crop life cycle.This study explores the potential visible-light-derived vegetative indices to improve biomass prediction during the flowering period of buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum).Red,green,and blue(RGB)images of buckwheat were acquired during peak flowering,using a DJI P4 multispectral Drone.From the analysis of those images,four vegetative indices were calculated.Aboveground fresh biomass was harvested and measured on 14 September 2024.The results showed negative correlations between the green-band based excess green(ExG),excess green minus excess red(ExGR),and green leaf index(GLI)indices and the fresh above-ground biomass of buckwheat,while the red band-based excess red(ExR)index showed an insignificant positive correlation at p<0.10.An investigation into greenband-based vegetation indices(VIs)for estimating fresh biomass revealed significant negative correlations during the experimental period.This unexpected inverse relationship is attributed to spectral interference from abundant white flowers during the flowering stage,where the high reflectance of white petals masked the green vegetation signal.Consequently,these green-band VIs demonstrated limited predictive power for biomass under such conditions,indicating that their utility is compromised when floral reflectance is dominant.Therefore,we suggest that further experiments are required to validate this relationship and improve the estimation of fresh above-ground biomass in white-flowered buckwheat plants.展开更多
BACKGROUND The primary complication associated with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is delivery of an infant that is large for gestational age(LGA).Epidemiological findings have demonstrated that irregular lipid met...BACKGROUND The primary complication associated with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is delivery of an infant that is large for gestational age(LGA).Epidemiological findings have demonstrated that irregular lipid metabolism significantly con-tributes to insulin resistance,a key pathophysiological mechanism in GDM.However,the correlation between various lipid indices and the probability of delivering LGA infants remains inconsistent.AIM To explore the relationships between lipid indices and the possibility of having LGA infants among GDM-affected pregnant females.METHODS Binary logistic regression methods were employed to evaluate the odds ratios and corresponding 95%confidence intervals for LGA according to five lipid indices.Restricted cubic spline models were applied to investigate dose-response relationships.The association between lipid indices and the risk of delivering LGA infants was further investigated among different subgroups.Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to assess the diagnostic performance of lipid indices.RESULTS Across crude and adjusted models,females with lipid indices in the upper two tertiles presented a markedly elevated risk of delivering LGA infants compared with the lowest tertile category.Conversely,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels demonstrated the contrary trend.Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed linear associations between the five lipid indices,except triglyceride levels,and the prevalence of LGA.The subgroup analysis highlighted that the correlation between lipid indices and the probability of LGA was inconsistent.The five lipid indices presented significant diagnostic efficacy,as indicated by receiver operating characteristic curve areas.CONCLUSION Our research demonstrated that lipid indices were effective predictors of the incidence of LGA infants in GDM-affected pregnancies irrespective of potential confounding factors.展开更多
Climate warming and humidification trends have significantly influenced vegetation growth patterns in Chinese semi-arid areas.Exploring vegetation dynamics is crucial for understanding regional ecosystem structure and...Climate warming and humidification trends have significantly influenced vegetation growth patterns in Chinese semi-arid areas.Exploring vegetation dynamics is crucial for understanding regional ecosystem structure and improving the efforts of ecosystem restoration.However,the applicability of various vegetation indices(VIs)in these arid areas remains uncertain.Evaluating the applicability of multiple VIs for vegetation monitoring can elucidate the variability of VIs performance at regional scale.Therefore,this study selected the Zuli River Basin(ZLRB),a typical loess hilly watershed in the semi-arid areas of China.Using Landsat data,we calculated the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI),and kernel NDVI(kNDVI)for the ZLRB from 1990 to 2020.We analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of these VIs using trend analysis and the Mann-Kendall test,and quantified the contributions of climate change(considering time-lag effects)and human activities to VIs changes through wavelet and residual analyses.Results indicated that VIs generally exhibited an upward trend in the ZLRB,with significant improvements observed in 54.91% of the area for NDVI,31.69% for EVI,and 33.71% for kNDVI.Among them,NDVI outperformed EVI and kNDVI in capturing vegetation changes in the semi-arid area.VIs responded to precipitation with 1-month time lag and no time lag to temperature during growing season.Moreover,precipitation had a stronger positive correlation with VIs than temperature.Climate change was identified as the dominant driver of vegetation dynamics in the ZLRB,accounting for 93.12% of NDVI variation,while human activities contributed only 6.88%.Comparative analysis of VIs suggests that NDVI was more suitable for describing vegetation changes in the typical arid area of the ZLRB.Our findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate VIs for targeted ecological restoration and sustainable land management.展开更多
The attenuation of the acoustic activity in marble specimens under uniaxial compressive loadingunloading loops is quantified in juxtaposition to that of the electric activity.In parallel,the existence of"pre-fail...The attenuation of the acoustic activity in marble specimens under uniaxial compressive loadingunloading loops is quantified in juxtaposition to that of the electric activity.In parallel,the existence of"pre-failure indiceso"warning about entrance into a critical stage,that of impending fracture,is explored.The acoustic activity is quantified in terms of the normalized number of acoustic hits,their average rate of production and their cumulative energy,and,the cumulative counts and their average rate of change.The electric activity is studied in terms of the pressure stimulated currents and the electric charge released.The analysis revealed that the acoustic and electric activities are linearly correlated to each other,suggesting that they are different manifestations of the same damage mechanisms.In addition,Kaiser's effect,governing the acoustic activity,is found to govern,also,the electric activity.Moreover,it is concluded that entrance into the critical stage is safely predicted by means of a simple criterion,based on the evolution of the average rate of change of the normalized cumulative counts in the natural time domain.These predictions are almost identical with those of the criterion based on the "varianceo" and the "entropies" of the time series of acoustic events in this domain.展开更多
As the world grapples with increasing environmental challenges,innovative technologies are essential for promoting sustainability and accountability.This study examined the impact of environmental performance indices(...As the world grapples with increasing environmental challenges,innovative technologies are essential for promoting sustainability and accountability.This study examined the impact of environmental performance indices(EPIs)on the growth and investment trends of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in 15 countries(Belgium,Czechia,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Norway,Poland,Sweden,Spain,Switzerland,the United Kingdom,and the United States)from Europe and America during 2010-2022.This study used the negative binomial regression model to assess the relationship between EPIs and blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies based on the data from the CrunchBase and EarthData.Results indicated that in ecosystem vitality,national terrestrial biome protection efforts were negatively correlated the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies,while global terrestrial biome protection efforts and marine protected areas had a positive impact on the formation of these companies and the number of funding rounds.In environmental health,PM2.5 exposure had a positive impact on the number of funding rounds.Conversely,pollutants such as sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and ocean plastics deterred the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies and reduced the number of funding rounds.In climate change performance,adjusted emission growth rate for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),adjusted emission growth rate for F-gases,and adjusted emission growth rate for black carbon had a significantly positive impact on the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies.Conversely,adjusted emission growth rate for Nitrous Oxide(N_(2)O)and projected greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 negatively affected the formation of these companies.These findings highlight the dual role of EPIs as driving factors and barriers in the development and investment of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in countries from Europe and America.展开更多
In this editorial,we discuss the recent article by Regassa et al,published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which highlights the potential role of platelet indices(PI)in predicting poor glucoregulation in patients wit...In this editorial,we discuss the recent article by Regassa et al,published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which highlights the potential role of platelet indices(PI)in predicting poor glucoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM,there is a constant need to find new and accessible methods for predicting and treating individuals with this condition.The pathophysiology of T2DM involves systemic inflammation,metabolic dysfunction,and an increased risk of vascular injury,which are commonly associated with the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications,such as cardiovascular diseases and neuropathies.The link between these complications and T2DM requires further elucidation but may be explained by prolonged exposure to high glycemic levels and increased advanced glycation end products.PI might play an important role in determining whether some individuals are prone to poor glucoregulation.Recent evidence encourages the scientific efforts to demonstrate the consistency of this role and its applicability in monitoring glucoregulation,underscoring the importance of the study by Regassa et al.展开更多
0 INTRODUCTION The Qilian Mountain Belt,at the forefront of the Tibetan Plateau's expansion,offers key insights into the plateau's tectonic deformation(Zuza et al.,2018;Zheng et al.,2010;Zhang et al.,2004;Tapp...0 INTRODUCTION The Qilian Mountain Belt,at the forefront of the Tibetan Plateau's expansion,offers key insights into the plateau's tectonic deformation(Zuza et al.,2018;Zheng et al.,2010;Zhang et al.,2004;Tapponnier et al.,2001;Meyer et al.,1998).The northwest-trending mountain ranges in the Qilian Shan(“Shan”means“Mountain”in Chinese)have significantly influenced this deformation(Zheng et al.,2013).展开更多
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death in the Chinese population.The incidence of cerebral infarction is higher in high-altitude regions,particularly those above 3,500 m,than in populations residing at lower al...Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death in the Chinese population.The incidence of cerebral infarction is higher in high-altitude regions,particularly those above 3,500 m,than in populations residing at lower altitudes[1].There are various speculations regarding the mechanisms behind this phenomenon,one of which is that the low oxygen content and cold climate at high altitudes may increase the occurrence of vascular diseases[2].The multifactorial effect of high-altitude environments on residential populations makes it challenging for researchers to determine the specific pathways through which these diseases occur.展开更多
Freezing–thawing indices serve as a comprehensive indicator of both the duration of the freezing/thawing periods and the degree of cold and heat in a given region.In-depth analysis of the freezing-thawing indices not...Freezing–thawing indices serve as a comprehensive indicator of both the duration of the freezing/thawing periods and the degree of cold and heat in a given region.In-depth analysis of the freezing-thawing indices not only enables the prediction of permafrost distribution and its dynamic changes,but also facilitates the assessment of damage risk to infrastructure under freeze-thaw action.In this paper,the air/ground freezing–thawing indices from 1987 to 2017,based on daily temperature observations from meteorological stations along the China–Nepal Highway(CNH),were calculated,and their spatial and temporal variation patterns were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Both mean annual air temperature and mean annual ground surface temperature along the CNH fluctuated upward,with climate tendency rates of 0.43 and 0.52.C·(10a)~(-1),respectively;(2)The number of days with negative air temperature and ground temperature showed fluctuated downward,with change rates of-8.6 and-8.3 d·(10a)~(-1),respectively;(3)The ranges of air freezing index,air thawing index,ground freezing index,and ground thawing index over the years were 157.05-458.88°C·d,2034.20-2560.73°C·d,108.78-396.83°C·d,and 3515.25-4288.67°C·d,respectively.The climate tendency rates were-5.42,10.22,-6.79,and 12.14.C·d·a-1,respectively,showing a general warming trend;(4)The air freezing index,ground freezing index,and ground thawing index changed abruptly in 1999,2000,and 2002,respectively,evincing significant changes after 2002.The research results can provide a basis for the risk assessment of freezing–thawing erosion and the prevention and control of permafrost engineering diseases along the CNH.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China Railway Group Limited (Grant No.2022-Major-17)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52578619,52178180)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFC3004304)the Frontier Cross Research Project of Central South University (Grant No.2023QYJC006)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province Funding Project (Grant No.2023JJ40724)。
文摘Under earthquake action, different site conditions have a notable impact on the dynamic response of high-speed railway bridges after earthquakes, which in turn poses a threat to the running stability of trains in the post-earthquake period. Therefore, establishing a calculation method for the post-earthquake train speed threshold that considers the influence of different site characteristics is of great engineering significance. Taking the CRTS Ⅲ slab track as the research object, this study is based on the track irregularity root mean square rate(TRR), which the authors proposed earlier to quantify the track regularity level. Using the nonlinear least squares fitting method, the mapping relationship between the TRR and the postearthquake train running performance indicators on bridges is established. Furthermore, the influence of laws governing site categories and train speeds on post-earthquake train running performance on bridges is analyzed, and a train speed threshold for bridges based on running performance under random site conditions is proposed. The research results indicate that all train running performance indicators increase significantly with the increase of train operating speed;different site categories have a significant impact on post-earthquake track residual deformation and train running stability. The greater the amplitude of postearthquake track alignment residual deformation, the lower the threshold for the stable running speed of trains after the earthquake, with the speed threshold decreasing by up to 20%. The research outcomes can provide technical references for the post-earthquake safe operation and maintenance of high-speed railway bridges under complex site conditions, as well as the formulation of targeted train speed control schemes.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3206605,No.2021YFC3201102National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971035。
文摘Precipitation events,which follow a life cycle of initiation,development,and decay,represent the fundamental form of precipitation.Comprehensive and accurate detection of these events is crucial for effective water resource management and flood control.However,current investigations on their spatio-temporal patterns remain limited,largely because of the lack of systematic detection indices that are specifically designed for precipitation events,which constrains event-scale research.In this study,we defined a set of precipitation event detection indices(PEDI)that consists of five conventional and fourteen extreme indices to characterize precipitation events from the perspectives of intensity,duration,and frequency.Applications of the PEDI revealed the spatial patterns of hourly precipitation events in China and its first-and second-order river basins from 2008 to 2017.Both conventional and extreme precipitation events displayed spatial distribution patterns that gradually decreased in intensity,duration,and frequency from southeast to northwest China.Compared with those in northwest China,the average values of most PEDIs in southeast China were usually 2-10 times greater for first-order river basins and 3-15 times greater for second-order basins.The PEDI could serve as a reference method for investigating precipitation events at global,regional,and basin scales.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2001020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201359).
文摘Sand dust belts span approximately one-fifth of the global land surface.In these regions,dust tends to settle on vegetation surfaces,altering the observed reflectance and affecting remote sensing detections.To enhance the accuracy of maize growth monitoring in dust-affected regions,this study aims to quantify the effect of sand dust retention on maize during the tasseling stage in the Kashgar Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,by analyzing changes in canopy reflectance and vegetation indices.First,field sampling was conducted to measure the key canopy structure parameters and dust retention levels of maize,and laboratory spectral measurements were performed on leaf spectral properties under gradient dust retention.The measured data were then used to drive the LargE-Scale remote sensing data and image Simulation framework(LESS)model for simulating realistic maize canopy spectra across different dust levels,with validation against Sentinel-2 imagery.Second,on the basis of the simulated and satellite-derived spectra,the dust resistance of 36 common vegetation indices was systematically evaluated,and new robust dust-resistant indices were developed.The results showed that compared with dust-free maize,the canopy reflectance of dust-retained maize followed an increase–decrease–increase pattern,with critical turning points at 735 and 1325 nm.The maximum reflectance difference of–0.11755(change rate:29.002%)occurred within the 735–1325 nm range at 24 g/m^(2)dust retention,and the minimum reflectance difference of 0.04285(change rate:148.950%)was observed in the 350–735 nm range under the same dust retention level.Among the 36 vegetation indices,only the global environment monitoring index(GEMI)and the ratio of transformed chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index to optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index(TCARI/OSAVI)exhibited dust resistance,with GEMI being effective below 6 g/m^(2)and TCARI/OSAVI remaining stable across all levels(average ratio:0.970).The newly developed indices in this study,(RE3–RE2)/(NIR–RE2),(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),and(NIR–RE2)/(RE4–RE2),retained values within the predefined dust-resistant range over the full dust retention levels of 0–24 g/m^(2),thus showing a more stable dust resistance compared with the commonly used 36 vegetation indices.Specially,(RE3–RE2)/(RE4–RE2)performed the most robustly in Sentinel-2 imagery,that is,58.020%of pixels were within the dust-resistant range,and an average ratio of 0.937 was obtained for the original-spectra index.This study provides a scientific basis for crop monitoring and management in dust-affected regions.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.20720160038)Research Projects for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Fujian Province(No.JA15016)
文摘The Hosoya index of a graph is the total number of matchings in it. And the Merrifield-Simmons index is the total number of independent sets in it. They are typical examples of graph invariants used in mathematical chemistry for quantifying relevant details of molecular structure. In this paper, we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the expectations of the Hosoya index and the Merrifield-Simmons index of a random polyphenyl chain.
基金by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.20720190071).
文摘The Hosoya index of a graph is the total number of matchings in it.And the Merrifield-Simmons index is the total number of independent sets in it.They are typical examples of graph invariants used in mathematical chemistry for quantifying relevant details of molecular structure.In this paper,we obtain explicit analytical expressions for the expectations of the Hosoya index and the Merrifield-Simmons index of a random polyphenyl chain.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（10671081） and the Science Foundation of Hubei Province（2006AA412C27）
文摘The Merrifield-Simmons index and Hosoya index are defined as the number of the graph G（V, E） as the number of subsets of V（G） in which no tow vertices are adjacent and the number of subsets of E（G） in which no two edges are incident, respectively. In this paper, we characterize the Unicyclic graphs with Merrifield-Simmons indices and Hosoya indices, respectively. And double-cyclic graphs with Hosoya indices among the doublecyclic graphs with n vertices.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2019B12National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund under Grant No.51108433National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51778186。
文摘Damage indices are effective in quantifying structural seismic damage.Numerous response-based damage indices have been developed and validated through the hysteretic response of various experimental specimens.However,the accuracy of these indices for evaluating damage of RC columns is challenged by fluctuating axial load and irregular horizontal loading paths from 3-D earthquake excitations.This study introduces D_(iem),a material-based damage model for RC columns under random bidirectional loads and variable axial forces.Section damage indices of the plastic hinge are calculated by integrating the damage indices of concrete and steel fiber elements,considering their distance to the centroid axis.The P-Δeffect index is defined,and the component failure index is calculated using a combination of these indices.A hysteretic simulation and D_(iem)damage analysis program for cantilever RC columns is developed using Fortran.Three RC columns tested under bidirectional hysteretic loading are simulated to calibrate the program.Parameter analysis of 1,638 RC columns is conducted to verify D_(iem)’s applicability.The results demonstrated that D_(iem)’s failure assessment aligns with the 80%residual criterion.D_(iem)analysis of a real seismic damaged RC column shows satisfactory agreement with post-earthquake damage assessment and illustrates significant damage differences between columns with and without axial load fluctuation.
文摘Morpho-physiological evaluation of a crop’s genetic resources is necessary to find possible genotypes to include in breeding initiatives.The objective of this study was to identify heat-tolerant wheat genotypes among 36 mutant lines using morpho-physiological indices.Seedlings of mutant lines and check varieties were grown under both normal(control)and heat-stress conditions in growth chambers.Data were recorded on root-shoot parameters(length,fresh weight,dry weight,and ratio),relative water content(RWC),stability of cell membrane,pigment content,and chlorophyll fluorescence.Two-way analysis of variance showed significant(p<0.01,p<0.001)variation among 15 morpho-physiological features in both growing conditions.Correlation studies showed that pigment-specific indices(total chl,chl a,chl b,carotenoid,Fv/Fm—chlorophyll fluorescence)had significant positive correlations with rootshoot fresh weight(RFW,SFW)and root-shoot dry weight(RDW,SDW),and negative association with relative water content,stability of cell membrane at both conditions.Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three primary clusters where cluster III(18 genotypes)showed minimal changes in studied characters than cluster I(11 genotypes)and cluster II(13 genotypes).Results obtained from this study revealed that the identified heat-sensitive(30-2 SSH)and heat-tolerant genotypes(27-2(4),29-2(2),and 30-2 SSH)of wheat might provide useful breeding materials for enhancing wheat yield even more in this period of uncertain climate change.
文摘Platelet indices(PIs)including high mean platelet volume(MPV),plateletcrit(PLC),and platelet distribution width(PLDW)are associated with poor glycemic control.In addition,they can indicate prothrombotic and procoagulation risk among patients with diabetes.PI measurement is cheap,quick and fits healthcare system needs in remote outreaching areas in low-income countries.However,a broader insight into their clinical implications in diabetes is lacking.To achieve a wider understanding,we reviewed PubMed/MEDLINE,Google Scholar and Cochrane Library for relevant articles investigating the role of PIs in diabetes mellitus.No limitation to the publication date was applied,which included all articles published up to August 17,2024.The terms used were MPV,PLC,PLDW,platelet large cell ratio,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),PIs,platelet activity and diabetes mellitus.Out of the 790 articles retrieved,187 full texts were reviewed,and 44 were included.PIs,when measurements are done promptly and within 2 h,could be short-term pointers to glycemic control in the life span of the platelets(2 wk).PIs are easy to perform,cheap and useful in remote outreaching areas with limited facilities where measurement of HbA1c is not available or cost-effective.However,PIs are not specific and are affected by demographic factors,such as pregnancy,renal failure,medications,hemoglobin and duration of diabetes.PIs could be implemented with daily blood glucose to inform doctors in low-income countries about their patients'glycemic control and cardiovascular risk.An important application might be when blood glucose control is needed quickly(before elective surgery).
基金co-supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0800800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41988101-01,42130205)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0707)。
文摘The utilization of palynological data for plant diversity reconstructions offers notable advantages in addressing the discontinuity of plant fossils in the stratigraphic record. However, additional studies of modern processes are required to validate or refine the accuracy of diversity results obtained from palynological data. In this study, we used a modern pollen dataset of China to compare the accuracy of plant diversity reconstructions using five different palynological diversity indices(i.e., the pollen species number, Berger-Parker index, Simpson diversity index, Hill index, and Shannon-Wiener index) over a large spatial scale. We then identified climate factors that are most strongly correlated with these patterns of plant diversity. We found that the index that most accurately reflects plant diversity is the Shannon-Wiener index. Our analyses indicated that the most effective indices at reflecting plant diversity are the Shannon-Wiener index and Berger-Parker index. Numerical analysis revealed that palynological diversity(measured using the Shannon-Wiener index) was strongly correlated with climatic parameters, in particular average temperature in the coldest month and annual precipitation,suggesting these factors may be primary determinants of plant diversity distribution. We also found that a threshold value of the normalized Shannon-Wiener index(NH = 0.4) approximately aligns with the contour line specifying 400 mm annual precipitation, serving as a rudimentary indicator for assessing plant diversity in arid versus humid climates. This study suggests that pollen diversity indices have remarkable potential for quantitatively reconstructing paleoclimatic parameters.
基金Supported by Medical Affairs Bureau Ministry of National Defense,No.MND-MAB-D-114222Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital,No.HAFGH-D-114008.
文摘BACKGROUND Some non-insulin-based insulin resistance(IR)indices have been found to be associated with metabolic syndrome(MetS);however,few cohort studies have compared the capacities of these indices for predicting incident MetS in young adults.AIM To investigate the associations of various non-insulin-based IR(NI-IR)indices with new-onset MetS in young military personnel.METHODS A total of 2890 armed forces personnel in Taiwan who were aged 18-39 years and did not have MetS at baseline were followed to monitor the incidence of new-onset MetS from 2014 to the end of 2020.Six NI-IR indices,including the metabolic score for IR(METS-IR),triglyceride(TG)-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)ratio,TG glucose(TyG)index,Zhejiang University(ZJU)index,total cholesterol(TC)-to-HDL-C ratio,and alanine transaminase(ALT)-to-aspartate transaminase(AST)ratio,were defined according to specific criteria.Incident MetS was identified on the basis of each annual health examination using the International Diabetes Federation criteria.Multiple Cox regression analyses were conducted,adjusting for age,sex,waist circumference,smoking status,alcohol consumption status,and physical activity,to assess the associations of the NI-IR indices with incident MetS.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)was used to compare the capacities of these NI-IR indices for predicting new-onset MetS.RESULTS During a median follow-up of 5.8 years,there were 673 patients with new-onset MetS(23%).All six of the NI-IR indices were significantly and positively associated with incident MetS.In the entire cohort,the greatest AUROC was found for the METS-IR[0.782;95%confidence interval(CI):0.762-0.801;all P values compared to the other NIIR indices<0.05],followed by the TG/HDL-C ratio(0.752;95%CI:0.731-0.772),ZJU index(0.743;95%CI:0.722-0.764),TyG index(0.734;95%CI:0.713-0.756),TC/HDL-C ratio(0.731;95%CI:0.709-0.752),and then the ALT/AST ratio(0.734;95%CI:0.713-0.756).CONCLUSION This study suggests that almost all the NI-IR indices are associated with the development of MetS in military young adults.The METS-IR is the strongest predictor of new-onset MetS before midlife.
基金supported by the 2025 scientific promotion program funded by Jeju National University.
文摘Accurate and timely estimation of above-ground biomass is crucial for understanding crop growth dynamics,optimizing agricultural input management,and assessing productivity in sustainable farming practices.However,conventional biomass assessments are destructive and resource-intensive.In contrast,remote sensing techniques,particularly those utilizing low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicles,provide a non-destructive approach to collect imagery data on plant canopy features,including spectral reflectance and structural details at any stage of the crop life cycle.This study explores the potential visible-light-derived vegetative indices to improve biomass prediction during the flowering period of buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum).Red,green,and blue(RGB)images of buckwheat were acquired during peak flowering,using a DJI P4 multispectral Drone.From the analysis of those images,four vegetative indices were calculated.Aboveground fresh biomass was harvested and measured on 14 September 2024.The results showed negative correlations between the green-band based excess green(ExG),excess green minus excess red(ExGR),and green leaf index(GLI)indices and the fresh above-ground biomass of buckwheat,while the red band-based excess red(ExR)index showed an insignificant positive correlation at p<0.10.An investigation into greenband-based vegetation indices(VIs)for estimating fresh biomass revealed significant negative correlations during the experimental period.This unexpected inverse relationship is attributed to spectral interference from abundant white flowers during the flowering stage,where the high reflectance of white petals masked the green vegetation signal.Consequently,these green-band VIs demonstrated limited predictive power for biomass under such conditions,indicating that their utility is compromised when floral reflectance is dominant.Therefore,we suggest that further experiments are required to validate this relationship and improve the estimation of fresh above-ground biomass in white-flowered buckwheat plants.
基金Supported by Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation,No.YKK23151the Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory,No.JSHD202313+3 种基金Yingke Xinchuang Research Foundation of Jiangsu Blood Transfusion Association,No.JSYK2024006the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science,Technology and Education,No.ZDXYS202210Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Nanjing Medical University,No.SKLRM-K202107the Jiangsu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Research Program,No.F202040.
文摘BACKGROUND The primary complication associated with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is delivery of an infant that is large for gestational age(LGA).Epidemiological findings have demonstrated that irregular lipid metabolism significantly con-tributes to insulin resistance,a key pathophysiological mechanism in GDM.However,the correlation between various lipid indices and the probability of delivering LGA infants remains inconsistent.AIM To explore the relationships between lipid indices and the possibility of having LGA infants among GDM-affected pregnant females.METHODS Binary logistic regression methods were employed to evaluate the odds ratios and corresponding 95%confidence intervals for LGA according to five lipid indices.Restricted cubic spline models were applied to investigate dose-response relationships.The association between lipid indices and the risk of delivering LGA infants was further investigated among different subgroups.Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to assess the diagnostic performance of lipid indices.RESULTS Across crude and adjusted models,females with lipid indices in the upper two tertiles presented a markedly elevated risk of delivering LGA infants compared with the lowest tertile category.Conversely,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels demonstrated the contrary trend.Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed linear associations between the five lipid indices,except triglyceride levels,and the prevalence of LGA.The subgroup analysis highlighted that the correlation between lipid indices and the probability of LGA was inconsistent.The five lipid indices presented significant diagnostic efficacy,as indicated by receiver operating characteristic curve areas.CONCLUSION Our research demonstrated that lipid indices were effective predictors of the incidence of LGA infants in GDM-affected pregnancies irrespective of potential confounding factors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2011).
文摘Climate warming and humidification trends have significantly influenced vegetation growth patterns in Chinese semi-arid areas.Exploring vegetation dynamics is crucial for understanding regional ecosystem structure and improving the efforts of ecosystem restoration.However,the applicability of various vegetation indices(VIs)in these arid areas remains uncertain.Evaluating the applicability of multiple VIs for vegetation monitoring can elucidate the variability of VIs performance at regional scale.Therefore,this study selected the Zuli River Basin(ZLRB),a typical loess hilly watershed in the semi-arid areas of China.Using Landsat data,we calculated the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI),Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI),and kernel NDVI(kNDVI)for the ZLRB from 1990 to 2020.We analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of these VIs using trend analysis and the Mann-Kendall test,and quantified the contributions of climate change(considering time-lag effects)and human activities to VIs changes through wavelet and residual analyses.Results indicated that VIs generally exhibited an upward trend in the ZLRB,with significant improvements observed in 54.91% of the area for NDVI,31.69% for EVI,and 33.71% for kNDVI.Among them,NDVI outperformed EVI and kNDVI in capturing vegetation changes in the semi-arid area.VIs responded to precipitation with 1-month time lag and no time lag to temperature during growing season.Moreover,precipitation had a stronger positive correlation with VIs than temperature.Climate change was identified as the dominant driver of vegetation dynamics in the ZLRB,accounting for 93.12% of NDVI variation,while human activities contributed only 6.88%.Comparative analysis of VIs suggests that NDVI was more suitable for describing vegetation changes in the typical arid area of the ZLRB.Our findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate VIs for targeted ecological restoration and sustainable land management.
文摘The attenuation of the acoustic activity in marble specimens under uniaxial compressive loadingunloading loops is quantified in juxtaposition to that of the electric activity.In parallel,the existence of"pre-failure indiceso"warning about entrance into a critical stage,that of impending fracture,is explored.The acoustic activity is quantified in terms of the normalized number of acoustic hits,their average rate of production and their cumulative energy,and,the cumulative counts and their average rate of change.The electric activity is studied in terms of the pressure stimulated currents and the electric charge released.The analysis revealed that the acoustic and electric activities are linearly correlated to each other,suggesting that they are different manifestations of the same damage mechanisms.In addition,Kaiser's effect,governing the acoustic activity,is found to govern,also,the electric activity.Moreover,it is concluded that entrance into the critical stage is safely predicted by means of a simple criterion,based on the evolution of the average rate of change of the normalized cumulative counts in the natural time domain.These predictions are almost identical with those of the criterion based on the "varianceo" and the "entropies" of the time series of acoustic events in this domain.
文摘As the world grapples with increasing environmental challenges,innovative technologies are essential for promoting sustainability and accountability.This study examined the impact of environmental performance indices(EPIs)on the growth and investment trends of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in 15 countries(Belgium,Czechia,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Norway,Poland,Sweden,Spain,Switzerland,the United Kingdom,and the United States)from Europe and America during 2010-2022.This study used the negative binomial regression model to assess the relationship between EPIs and blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies based on the data from the CrunchBase and EarthData.Results indicated that in ecosystem vitality,national terrestrial biome protection efforts were negatively correlated the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies,while global terrestrial biome protection efforts and marine protected areas had a positive impact on the formation of these companies and the number of funding rounds.In environmental health,PM2.5 exposure had a positive impact on the number of funding rounds.Conversely,pollutants such as sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))and ocean plastics deterred the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies and reduced the number of funding rounds.In climate change performance,adjusted emission growth rate for carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),adjusted emission growth rate for F-gases,and adjusted emission growth rate for black carbon had a significantly positive impact on the formation of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies.Conversely,adjusted emission growth rate for Nitrous Oxide(N_(2)O)and projected greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 negatively affected the formation of these companies.These findings highlight the dual role of EPIs as driving factors and barriers in the development and investment of blockchain-based sustainability-focused companies in countries from Europe and America.
文摘In this editorial,we discuss the recent article by Regassa et al,published in the World Journal of Diabetes,which highlights the potential role of platelet indices(PI)in predicting poor glucoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with T2DM,there is a constant need to find new and accessible methods for predicting and treating individuals with this condition.The pathophysiology of T2DM involves systemic inflammation,metabolic dysfunction,and an increased risk of vascular injury,which are commonly associated with the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications,such as cardiovascular diseases and neuropathies.The link between these complications and T2DM requires further elucidation but may be explained by prolonged exposure to high glycemic levels and increased advanced glycation end products.PI might play an important role in determining whether some individuals are prone to poor glucoregulation.Recent evidence encourages the scientific efforts to demonstrate the consistency of this role and its applicability in monitoring glucoregulation,underscoring the importance of the study by Regassa et al.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0901)the State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics(No.LED2023B04)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42272242,W2411033,W2521003)the Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(No.22JR11RA088)。
文摘0 INTRODUCTION The Qilian Mountain Belt,at the forefront of the Tibetan Plateau's expansion,offers key insights into the plateau's tectonic deformation(Zuza et al.,2018;Zheng et al.,2010;Zhang et al.,2004;Tapponnier et al.,2001;Meyer et al.,1998).The northwest-trending mountain ranges in the Qilian Shan(“Shan”means“Mountain”in Chinese)have significantly influenced this deformation(Zheng et al.,2013).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82101499).
文摘Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death in the Chinese population.The incidence of cerebral infarction is higher in high-altitude regions,particularly those above 3,500 m,than in populations residing at lower altitudes[1].There are various speculations regarding the mechanisms behind this phenomenon,one of which is that the low oxygen content and cold climate at high altitudes may increase the occurrence of vascular diseases[2].The multifactorial effect of high-altitude environments on residential populations makes it challenging for researchers to determine the specific pathways through which these diseases occur.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant No.2021QZKK0202)Shaanxi Provincial Youth Science and Technology Rising Star Project(No.2022KJXX-85)+3 种基金Key Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.22JS041)Youth Innovation Team Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(Nos.22JP099,21JP137)The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universitiesthe Support Program for Outstanding Young Talents of Shaanxi Universities(Dr.Tao Luo)。
文摘Freezing–thawing indices serve as a comprehensive indicator of both the duration of the freezing/thawing periods and the degree of cold and heat in a given region.In-depth analysis of the freezing-thawing indices not only enables the prediction of permafrost distribution and its dynamic changes,but also facilitates the assessment of damage risk to infrastructure under freeze-thaw action.In this paper,the air/ground freezing–thawing indices from 1987 to 2017,based on daily temperature observations from meteorological stations along the China–Nepal Highway(CNH),were calculated,and their spatial and temporal variation patterns were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Both mean annual air temperature and mean annual ground surface temperature along the CNH fluctuated upward,with climate tendency rates of 0.43 and 0.52.C·(10a)~(-1),respectively;(2)The number of days with negative air temperature and ground temperature showed fluctuated downward,with change rates of-8.6 and-8.3 d·(10a)~(-1),respectively;(3)The ranges of air freezing index,air thawing index,ground freezing index,and ground thawing index over the years were 157.05-458.88°C·d,2034.20-2560.73°C·d,108.78-396.83°C·d,and 3515.25-4288.67°C·d,respectively.The climate tendency rates were-5.42,10.22,-6.79,and 12.14.C·d·a-1,respectively,showing a general warming trend;(4)The air freezing index,ground freezing index,and ground thawing index changed abruptly in 1999,2000,and 2002,respectively,evincing significant changes after 2002.The research results can provide a basis for the risk assessment of freezing–thawing erosion and the prevention and control of permafrost engineering diseases along the CNH.
