Shanxi,where the essence of its mountains and rivers converge,is a treasure trove of cultural and travel marvels.In the timeless embrace of ancient Pingyao,the legacy of Jin merchants echoes through the ages.The Yunga...Shanxi,where the essence of its mountains and rivers converge,is a treasure trove of cultural and travel marvels.In the timeless embrace of ancient Pingyao,the legacy of Jin merchants echoes through the ages.The Yungang Grottoes,with their solemn Buddhas,stand as timeless sentinels,whispering tales of a millennium's passage.On the sacred slopes of Mount Wutai,the air is scented with incense,and the tranquil spirit of Zen envelops the misty landscape.Journey back to the heart of the Three Jins,where the aroma of aged vinegar lingers in the air,and hidden vistas reveal their profound beauty.Here,you will discover a charm and character like no other,as the spirit of the land unveils its unique poetic elegance and grace.展开更多
This study examines the current state of merchants’participation in e-commerce marketing within the context of the digital economy,focusing on merchants in Lagos,Nigeria.It explores the impact of behavioral attitudes...This study examines the current state of merchants’participation in e-commerce marketing within the context of the digital economy,focusing on merchants in Lagos,Nigeria.It explores the impact of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,perceived behavioral control,and traditional transaction costs on their willingness to engage in e-commerce marketing.Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB)and employing a questionnaire survey,the study utilizes SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0 for data analysis.The findings confirm the significant positive effects of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control on merchants’willingness,as well as the significant negative effect of traditional transaction costs.The results indicate that the advancement of digital economy policies has lowered participation barriers for merchants,with factors such as behavioral attitudes,social support,and digital skills playing crucial roles in decision-making.This paper recommends enhancing the usability of e-commerce platforms,improving infrastructure,and optimizing policy support.These suggestions provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for promoting Nigeria’s digital economy and advancing research on merchants’e-commerce behavior.展开更多
In this study, compatible taper and stem volume equations were developed for Larix kaempferi species of South Korea. The dataset was split into two groups： 80% of the data were used in model fitting and the remaining...In this study, compatible taper and stem volume equations were developed for Larix kaempferi species of South Korea. The dataset was split into two groups： 80% of the data were used in model fitting and the remaining 2o% were used for validation. The compatible MB76 equations were used to predict the diameter outside bark to a specific height, the height to a specific diameter and the stem volume of the species. The result of the stem volume analysis was compared with the existing stem volume model of Larix kaempferi species of South Korea which was developed by the Korea Forest Research Institute and with a simple volume model that was developed with fitting dataset in this study. The compatible model provided accurate prediction of the total stem volume when compared to the existing stem volume model and with a simple volume model. It is concluded that the compatible taper and stem volume equations are more convenient to use and therefore it is recommended to be applied in the Larix kaempferi species of South Korea.展开更多
Based on 29 stems analysis and 140 sample trees of nature Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sib.et Zucc.) measured on the Xiaoxing'an Mountain, effects of age ranged from 20 to 300 years on stem form were discussed a...Based on 29 stems analysis and 140 sample trees of nature Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sib.et Zucc.) measured on the Xiaoxing'an Mountain, effects of age ranged from 20 to 300 years on stem form were discussed and a compatible taper and volume ratio system was developed. The merchantable cubic-metre volume ratio table of varying log rules was constructed for nature Korean pine in this paper. Results indicated that age classes were regarded as a totality to develop taper equation. The compatible tree profile and volume ratio equation developed in this paper can be used to obtain estimates of individual tree volumes and stem profile or volume of varying merchantability limits.展开更多
This study was conducted to fit the diameter-height data of Quercusglaucain Jeju Island, South Korea to the four commonly used stem taper equations andto evaluate the performance of the four stem taper models using fo...This study was conducted to fit the diameter-height data of Quercusglaucain Jeju Island, South Korea to the four commonly used stem taper equations andto evaluate the performance of the four stem taper models using four statistical criteria： Fit index （FI）, root mean square error （RMSE）, bias （）,and absolute mean difference （AMD）. Results showed that the Kozak02stem taper equation provided the best FI（0.9847）, RMSE（1.5745）,（-0.0030 cm） and AMD （1.0990 cm） whileMax and Burkhart model had the poorest performance among the four stem taper models based on the four evaluation statistics （FI ： 0.9793,RMSE ： 1.8272, ： 0.3040 cm and AMD ： 1.3060 cm）. These stem taper equations can serve as a useful tool for forest managers in estimating the diameter outside bark at any given height, merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumesof the standing trees of Quercusglaucain theGotjawal forests located in Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea.展开更多
文摘Shanxi,where the essence of its mountains and rivers converge,is a treasure trove of cultural and travel marvels.In the timeless embrace of ancient Pingyao,the legacy of Jin merchants echoes through the ages.The Yungang Grottoes,with their solemn Buddhas,stand as timeless sentinels,whispering tales of a millennium's passage.On the sacred slopes of Mount Wutai,the air is scented with incense,and the tranquil spirit of Zen envelops the misty landscape.Journey back to the heart of the Three Jins,where the aroma of aged vinegar lingers in the air,and hidden vistas reveal their profound beauty.Here,you will discover a charm and character like no other,as the spirit of the land unveils its unique poetic elegance and grace.
文摘This study examines the current state of merchants’participation in e-commerce marketing within the context of the digital economy,focusing on merchants in Lagos,Nigeria.It explores the impact of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,perceived behavioral control,and traditional transaction costs on their willingness to engage in e-commerce marketing.Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB)and employing a questionnaire survey,the study utilizes SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 22.0 for data analysis.The findings confirm the significant positive effects of behavioral attitudes,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control on merchants’willingness,as well as the significant negative effect of traditional transaction costs.The results indicate that the advancement of digital economy policies has lowered participation barriers for merchants,with factors such as behavioral attitudes,social support,and digital skills playing crucial roles in decision-making.This paper recommends enhancing the usability of e-commerce platforms,improving infrastructure,and optimizing policy support.These suggestions provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for promoting Nigeria’s digital economy and advancing research on merchants’e-commerce behavior.
基金the Korea Forest Service for funding this research(Project No.S211316L020130)
文摘In this study, compatible taper and stem volume equations were developed for Larix kaempferi species of South Korea. The dataset was split into two groups： 80% of the data were used in model fitting and the remaining 2o% were used for validation. The compatible MB76 equations were used to predict the diameter outside bark to a specific height, the height to a specific diameter and the stem volume of the species. The result of the stem volume analysis was compared with the existing stem volume model of Larix kaempferi species of South Korea which was developed by the Korea Forest Research Institute and with a simple volume model that was developed with fitting dataset in this study. The compatible model provided accurate prediction of the total stem volume when compared to the existing stem volume model and with a simple volume model. It is concluded that the compatible taper and stem volume equations are more convenient to use and therefore it is recommended to be applied in the Larix kaempferi species of South Korea.
文摘Based on 29 stems analysis and 140 sample trees of nature Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sib.et Zucc.) measured on the Xiaoxing'an Mountain, effects of age ranged from 20 to 300 years on stem form were discussed and a compatible taper and volume ratio system was developed. The merchantable cubic-metre volume ratio table of varying log rules was constructed for nature Korean pine in this paper. Results indicated that age classes were regarded as a totality to develop taper equation. The compatible tree profile and volume ratio equation developed in this paper can be used to obtain estimates of individual tree volumes and stem profile or volume of varying merchantability limits.
基金the support of the Korea Forest Science and Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center,Korea Forest Research Institute
文摘This study was conducted to fit the diameter-height data of Quercusglaucain Jeju Island, South Korea to the four commonly used stem taper equations andto evaluate the performance of the four stem taper models using four statistical criteria： Fit index （FI）, root mean square error （RMSE）, bias （）,and absolute mean difference （AMD）. Results showed that the Kozak02stem taper equation provided the best FI（0.9847）, RMSE（1.5745）,（-0.0030 cm） and AMD （1.0990 cm） whileMax and Burkhart model had the poorest performance among the four stem taper models based on the four evaluation statistics （FI ： 0.9793,RMSE ： 1.8272, ： 0.3040 cm and AMD ： 1.3060 cm）. These stem taper equations can serve as a useful tool for forest managers in estimating the diameter outside bark at any given height, merchantable stem volumes and total stem volumesof the standing trees of Quercusglaucain theGotjawal forests located in Mount Halla, Jeju Island, South Korea.
