During its rise as a world power, the United States(U.S.) adopted a traditional form of mercantilism, and most US politicians followed a protectionist approach. From the end of the Civil War to the eve of World War I,...During its rise as a world power, the United States(U.S.) adopted a traditional form of mercantilism, and most US politicians followed a protectionist approach. From the end of the Civil War to the eve of World War I, the United States blazed a new trail of industrial development and implemented protective policies such as high tariffs. This historical tradition has had a profound influence on some current US politicians. After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the United States developed a new form of mercantilism, as manifested in the emergence of nontariff barriers instead of tariff barriers to restrict imports and protect domestic industries and employment. Although export regulations have avoided affecting the technology industry, they have led to hefty trade deficits for the United States. National interests have prevailed in U.S. decision-making and have influenced its choices to accede to or walk away from international organizations or treaties. The dollar's hegemony has played a pivotal role in U.S. economic policymaking. These factors have led to the twin deficits in the U.S. economy, i.e. a trade deficit and a fiscal deficit. The real intention of the United States in waging a trade war against China is to maintain and even strengthen the dollar's hegemony and the U.S.' international predominance.展开更多
This paper concentrates on American exceptionalism.It is divided into five parts.Firstly,a brief introduction about the paper is given.Secondly,the definition of American exceptionalism and a general overview of it ar...This paper concentrates on American exceptionalism.It is divided into five parts.Firstly,a brief introduction about the paper is given.Secondly,the definition of American exceptionalism and a general overview of it are given.Thirdly,the good side of American exceptionalism that makes the United States superior to other countries is clarified.Fourthly,the bad side of American exceptionalism is discussed.Finally,a concise conclusion of American exceptionalism is made.展开更多
The idea of commercial society in Britain was derived from the swift development of the commercial trade home and abroad. In the early times, economic thinkers shared the same idea about the importance of commercial p...The idea of commercial society in Britain was derived from the swift development of the commercial trade home and abroad. In the early times, economic thinkers shared the same idea about the importance of commercial profit, market, status and effects of businessmen, and the interests between commerce and nation. Afterwards, idea of commercial society was fully expounded in the times of classical economics, whose discussion is still of vital importance in the process of globalization.展开更多
By introducing money and foreign exchange in the Zou （1997） model of mercantilism, the paper shows the effects of macroeconomic policies in mercantilist economies. It is shown that in the long run, consumption and f...By introducing money and foreign exchange in the Zou （1997） model of mercantilism, the paper shows the effects of macroeconomic policies in mercantilist economies. It is shown that in the long run, consumption and foreign asset accumu- lation increases as a result of stronger mercantilist sentiments, permanent increases in the consumption tax, increases in the monetary growth rate and purchases of foreign bonds. In the short run, however, macroeconomic disturbances including the mercan- tilist sentiments, the monetary growth rate, and the consumption tax have negative effects on current consumption and positive effects on current foreign asset accumula- tion, while purchasing foreign bonds has positive effects on both current consumption and current foreign asset accumulation. The theoretical explorations may provide a theoretical structure for hoarding international reserves and export-led growth stra- tegy utilized by emerging market economies.展开更多
Although late Qing and Republican China failed to witness an enlightenment movement in the European sense, China did go through an enlightenment process of its own. Chinese mercantilism, in close association with indu...Although late Qing and Republican China failed to witness an enlightenment movement in the European sense, China did go through an enlightenment process of its own. Chinese mercantilism, in close association with industrialization and the rise of capitalism, constituted an intellectual movement that cannot be overlooked. The mercantile enlightenment expressed in mercantilism went through various evolutionary stages, from birth to development to maturation. In this process, the values and beliefs of China＇s feudal agrarian society were rejected and attacked and the new values championed by industrialists and merchants grew and spread. Although China＇s enlightenment movement had its limitations, it played an important role in promoting the country＇s transformation from an agrarian to an industrialized society and helped lay the foundation for China＇s modernization. It also has implications for the rebuilding of commericial morality in China.展开更多
Increased CO_(2),a Greenhouse Gas(GhG),emission and its accumulation in the atmosphere is a major climatic concern,creating an urgent need to control its rate of growth with the goal to reduce or reverse the growth.Re...Increased CO_(2),a Greenhouse Gas(GhG),emission and its accumulation in the atmosphere is a major climatic concern,creating an urgent need to control its rate of growth with the goal to reduce or reverse the growth.Reduction is being attempted at macro scales(large GhG producers but relatively small in number),at mezzo levels(mercantile stores which are large in numbers and relatively large consumers in scale)and at micro scales(individual dwelling units which are very large in number but relatively small on a GhG producer scale).This research identifies the strategies and challenges of adopting an off-grid renewable energy source for the mercantile sector(retail)at the mezzo level.A theoretical model for an off-grid renewable energy source considering a parking lot of a retail outlet was developed.In future work,a proposed physical model should be able to test the assumptions and hypothesis of the theoretical model presented.The proposed hybrid system uses two or more alternative renewable energy sources.In the proposed system,solar energy is integrated with a local bio gas plant,which treats waste to produce electricity.The excess energy can be sold to grid using net metering or dual metering or sold to charge plug-in vehicles to earn revenue.The renewable energy produced reduces the grid load on public utilities,thereby reducing the amount of CO_(2)emissions from the grid providers,thus bridging the current grid dependent system and a grid-independent(off grid,or net zero)goal.展开更多
基金funded by the National Social Sciences Fund (NSSF) project “Study on U.S. Mercantilist Tradition and New Forms of Mercantilism (Approval No. 17BJL021)”
文摘During its rise as a world power, the United States(U.S.) adopted a traditional form of mercantilism, and most US politicians followed a protectionist approach. From the end of the Civil War to the eve of World War I, the United States blazed a new trail of industrial development and implemented protective policies such as high tariffs. This historical tradition has had a profound influence on some current US politicians. After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the United States developed a new form of mercantilism, as manifested in the emergence of nontariff barriers instead of tariff barriers to restrict imports and protect domestic industries and employment. Although export regulations have avoided affecting the technology industry, they have led to hefty trade deficits for the United States. National interests have prevailed in U.S. decision-making and have influenced its choices to accede to or walk away from international organizations or treaties. The dollar's hegemony has played a pivotal role in U.S. economic policymaking. These factors have led to the twin deficits in the U.S. economy, i.e. a trade deficit and a fiscal deficit. The real intention of the United States in waging a trade war against China is to maintain and even strengthen the dollar's hegemony and the U.S.' international predominance.
文摘This paper concentrates on American exceptionalism.It is divided into five parts.Firstly,a brief introduction about the paper is given.Secondly,the definition of American exceptionalism and a general overview of it are given.Thirdly,the good side of American exceptionalism that makes the United States superior to other countries is clarified.Fourthly,the bad side of American exceptionalism is discussed.Finally,a concise conclusion of American exceptionalism is made.
文摘The idea of commercial society in Britain was derived from the swift development of the commercial trade home and abroad. In the early times, economic thinkers shared the same idea about the importance of commercial profit, market, status and effects of businessmen, and the interests between commerce and nation. Afterwards, idea of commercial society was fully expounded in the times of classical economics, whose discussion is still of vital importance in the process of globalization.
文摘By introducing money and foreign exchange in the Zou （1997） model of mercantilism, the paper shows the effects of macroeconomic policies in mercantilist economies. It is shown that in the long run, consumption and foreign asset accumu- lation increases as a result of stronger mercantilist sentiments, permanent increases in the consumption tax, increases in the monetary growth rate and purchases of foreign bonds. In the short run, however, macroeconomic disturbances including the mercan- tilist sentiments, the monetary growth rate, and the consumption tax have negative effects on current consumption and positive effects on current foreign asset accumula- tion, while purchasing foreign bonds has positive effects on both current consumption and current foreign asset accumulation. The theoretical explorations may provide a theoretical structure for hoarding international reserves and export-led growth stra- tegy utilized by emerging market economies.
基金funded by the key research bases of humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education(No.:13JJD770012)Central China Normal University(No.:CCNU13B007)
文摘Although late Qing and Republican China failed to witness an enlightenment movement in the European sense, China did go through an enlightenment process of its own. Chinese mercantilism, in close association with industrialization and the rise of capitalism, constituted an intellectual movement that cannot be overlooked. The mercantile enlightenment expressed in mercantilism went through various evolutionary stages, from birth to development to maturation. In this process, the values and beliefs of China＇s feudal agrarian society were rejected and attacked and the new values championed by industrialists and merchants grew and spread. Although China＇s enlightenment movement had its limitations, it played an important role in promoting the country＇s transformation from an agrarian to an industrialized society and helped lay the foundation for China＇s modernization. It also has implications for the rebuilding of commericial morality in China.
文摘Increased CO_(2),a Greenhouse Gas(GhG),emission and its accumulation in the atmosphere is a major climatic concern,creating an urgent need to control its rate of growth with the goal to reduce or reverse the growth.Reduction is being attempted at macro scales(large GhG producers but relatively small in number),at mezzo levels(mercantile stores which are large in numbers and relatively large consumers in scale)and at micro scales(individual dwelling units which are very large in number but relatively small on a GhG producer scale).This research identifies the strategies and challenges of adopting an off-grid renewable energy source for the mercantile sector(retail)at the mezzo level.A theoretical model for an off-grid renewable energy source considering a parking lot of a retail outlet was developed.In future work,a proposed physical model should be able to test the assumptions and hypothesis of the theoretical model presented.The proposed hybrid system uses two or more alternative renewable energy sources.In the proposed system,solar energy is integrated with a local bio gas plant,which treats waste to produce electricity.The excess energy can be sold to grid using net metering or dual metering or sold to charge plug-in vehicles to earn revenue.The renewable energy produced reduces the grid load on public utilities,thereby reducing the amount of CO_(2)emissions from the grid providers,thus bridging the current grid dependent system and a grid-independent(off grid,or net zero)goal.
