Mekong River Delta has many home-gardens,here,everybody organizes the tourisms.We observed the real situations and substances,evaluation,a choice at some households in the Mekong River Delta in order to have a purpose...Mekong River Delta has many home-gardens,here,everybody organizes the tourisms.We observed the real situations and substances,evaluation,a choice at some households in the Mekong River Delta in order to have a purpose of search,here,they have the home-gardens;the farmers plant fruit trees at the villages of provinces,that is a place which is influenced by the climate change.We went to the villages such as:Hiep Thanh village,Chau Thanh district,Long An province;Tan Phu village,Tan Phu Dong district,Tien Giang province;Tieu Can village,Tieu Can district,Tra Vinh province to observe the landscape(here 10 households for 1 village),and we took the sample to analyze.We knew the factors such as:drought,deficiency of water,salt water intrusion,flood.These factors influence the trees,assets,diseases,lives of the persons who stay here,and cause many damages.We compare many home-gardens having a climate change with the normal home-gardens.Thus,we propose the reasonable methods in order to fix the consequence and prevent the salt intrusion,flood,important damages…And we present some illustrations.展开更多
This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Uro...This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.展开更多
MiguelÁngel Asturias’work titled Men of Maize stands as a significant masterpiece within the realm of Latin American magical realism literature.It unfolds and discloses the profound and abiding antagonism that e...MiguelÁngel Asturias’work titled Men of Maize stands as a significant masterpiece within the realm of Latin American magical realism literature.It unfolds and discloses the profound and abiding antagonism that exists between Indian culture and modern capitalism by means of a prose narrative that is rendered in a poeticized fashion,replete with rich mythological symbols as well as complex social conflicts that are intricately interwoven.This paper undertakes an analysis across four distinct aspects,namely the backdrop or setting against which the work was created,the very definition along with the characteristic features that are emblematic of magical realism,the context or background within which it came into being and subsequently developed,and the specific and tangible manifestations of the magical realist writing techniques as they are exemplified in Men of Maize.The study that has been conducted reveals that Men of Maize manages to demonstrate the historical fissure or divide and the cultural antagonism that pervades Latin American society through the employment of techniques such as the clash of cultures,a non-traditional narrative structure that breaks away from the norm,and the symbolism associated with deities.Moreover,it simultaneously engages in a profound and incisive reflection upon the marginalization of traditional culture during the course of the modernization process.The creative output of Asturias is not solely a critique leveled at the social reality of Latin America;rather,it also represents an exploration of the common issues and challenges that are faced by mankind at large,thereby laying down an important and substantial foundation for the further development of magical realism literature.展开更多
乳腺癌已成为全球女性患者最大的癌症负担。在中国,近10%的女性乳腺癌患者发病与遗传相关,受多个易感基因调控。乳腺癌患者存在多发性内分泌肿瘤1型(multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,MEN1)基因显著突变,MEN1突变女性患乳腺癌风险...乳腺癌已成为全球女性患者最大的癌症负担。在中国,近10%的女性乳腺癌患者发病与遗传相关,受多个易感基因调控。乳腺癌患者存在多发性内分泌肿瘤1型(multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,MEN1)基因显著突变,MEN1突变女性患乳腺癌风险显著增加,发病年龄提前。关于MEN1影响乳腺癌发病与进展的系统研究仍然有限。因此,本文将基于MEN1基因和MEN1编码的menin蛋白的结构、功能作一概述,以探讨MEN1与menin在乳腺癌发生发展及内分泌治疗中的作用机制,并介绍了基于menin的乳腺癌潜在治疗靶点,旨在为乳腺癌的早期筛查及个体化防治提供理论支持和科学指导。展开更多
Objectives: Sex work is not well documented among African men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventually to determine the proportion of sex wor...Objectives: Sex work is not well documented among African men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventually to determine the proportion of sex workers (SW) among them, as well as the proportion of MSM who have been victims of gender-based violence (GBV). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study coordinated by the Direction de la Médecine du Travail was carried out at the headquarters of the association ALTERNATIVES in Bangui Bangui from July 1 to October 31, 2021. Consenting MSM present during the study period were systematically included. Sociodemographic variables, those relating to the future vision of the activity and to GBV were collected and analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: Forty MSM with an average age of 23 years and mainly secondary education (75.0%) were included. The vast majority of MSM were unemployed (85.0%). 45.0% had been victims of GBV and wanted to stop working as an MSM (47.5%), and almost 2/3 (65.0%) would accept another income-generating activity in exchange for the MSM. Violence was sexual (32.5%), economic (22.5%), physical (20.0%), verbal (12.5%) and psychological (12.5%). Conclusion: The MSM were mainly young, poorly educated, unemployed, and almost half were victims of GBV. The desire to change MSM activity to another income-generating activity alongside that of MSM shows that many of them are SW, workers in the informal sector. This must be taken into account in prevention activities, even if the data needs to be confirmed on a much larger sample.展开更多
Introduction: Urethroplasty remains the gold standard for the management of urethral stricture. However, the treatment of stricture disease in the elderly tends to be less invasive due to the presumption that they mig...Introduction: Urethroplasty remains the gold standard for the management of urethral stricture. However, the treatment of stricture disease in the elderly tends to be less invasive due to the presumption that they might not be able to stand long hours of surgery and might have higher rates of recurrence due to poor wound healing from microangiopathy. We present our experience with the outcomes of urethroplasty among elderly men seen at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021. Methods: This was a retrospective review of data captured in the urology database on all patients 65 years and above who underwent urethroplasty at the hospital over the study period. Data was obtained on patients’ demographics, stricture characteristics, urethroplasty technique, and outcome. A successful outcome was defined as peak flow rate > 15 mls/s, a patent urethra on retrograde urethrogram, patient satisfaction with urine stream, or restoration of the normal stream of urine with only one attempt at urethral calibration or internal urethrotomy postoperatively. Data was analyzed using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Results: Overall, 43 urethroplasties were done over the study period in elderly men. The age range was 65 to 87 years. The commonest aetiology was catheterization (62.79%) followed by urethritis (32.56%). Stricture length ranged from 0.5 cm to 16 cm with a mean of 3.93 cm. Most patients (60.46%) had bulbar urethral strictures. The repair methods employed were anastomotic urethroplasty (62.80%), fasciocutaneous flap (FCF) ventral onlay (13.95%), buccal mucosa graft (BMG) ventral onlay urethroplasty (4.65%), and staged urethroplasty (4.65%). Three of the patients (6.98%) had a combination of anastomotic and tissue transfer urethroplasty. The overall success rate was 88.37%. Complications included three surgical site infections, two urethral diverticula and one glans dehiscence. Conclusion: Elderly men tolerate urethroplasty well and the procedure should not be denied solely based on age.展开更多
Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±...Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.展开更多
Semen samples were collected from 1213 fertile men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy （TTP） _〈12 months in Guangdong Province in Southern China, and semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration,...Semen samples were collected from 1213 fertile men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy （TTP） _〈12 months in Guangdong Province in Southern China, and semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total counts, motility, and morphology were evaluated according to the World Health Organization （WHO） 2010 guideline. All semen parameters analyzed were normal in ~62.2% of the total samples, whereas 37.8% showed at least one of the semen parameters below normal threshold values. The fifth centiles （with 95% confidence intervals） were 1.3 （1.2-1.5） ml for semen volume, 20 x 106 （18x106- 20x106） m1-1 for sperm concentration, 40 x 106 （38x106-44x106） per ejaculate for total sperm counts, 48% （47%-53%） for vitality, 39% （36%-43%） for total motility, 25% （23%-27%） for sperm progressive motility, 5.0% （4%,5%） for normal morphology. The pH values ranged from 7.2 to 8.0 with the mean ~ standard deviation at 7.32 ~ 0.17. No effects of age and body mass index were found on semen parameters. Occupation, smoking and alcohol abuse, varicocele appeared to decrease semen quality. Sperm concentration, but not sperm morphology, is positively correlated with TTP, whereas vitality is negatively correlated with TTP. Our study provides the latest reference values for the semen parameters of Chinese fertile men in Guangdong Province, which are close to those described in the new WHO guidelines （5th Edition）.展开更多
Aim: We developed a scale to measure the social activities of community-dwelling older men requiring support. Methods: The participants were a group of 134 men, ≥65 years old, who required support and were living in ...Aim: We developed a scale to measure the social activities of community-dwelling older men requiring support. Methods: The participants were a group of 134 men, ≥65 years old, who required support and were living in Hokkaido, Japan. An anonymous questionnaire was administered through individual interviews. Valid responses were obtained from 121/134 interviewees. The construct validity of the resulting scale was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Criterion-related validity was tested with Spearman’s rank correlation test based on the Social Activities Index for Elderly People (SAI-E). Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: A Social Activities Scale for Community-dwelling Older Men Requiring Support (SASOMS) scale was created, comprised of the following three subscales: daily interactions with familiar people;intimate relationships with family members;and interactions with others through activity programs (e.g., exercise, games, recreation, etc.). The created SASOMS scale correlated with the SAI-E (r = 0.557), and its criterion-related validity was confirmed. The alpha coefficient of the new scale was 0.791, and its internal consistency was confirmed. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the developed SASOMS scale was confirmed, demonstrating that it can be used to assess social activities specifically in older men requiring support. Our results suggest that the scale can be used effectively by care providers who support older men requiring care. The usability of the SASOMS should continue to be improved, and it is necessary to verify its validity in longitudinal studies.展开更多
The authors aimed the study at examining macro- and trace elements content in elderly people of the 1 period of middle age （21-35） residing in Magadan town to assess the content of 25 trace elements in hair samples ...The authors aimed the study at examining macro- and trace elements content in elderly people of the 1 period of middle age （21-35） residing in Magadan town to assess the content of 25 trace elements in hair samples on individual and population levels by atom-emission spectrometry with inductively-bonded argon plasma. It turned out that the majority of surveyed subjects were characterized by deformation of element status demonstrated by excess and deficit of the basic essential elements of different degrees of manifestation. Deficit of Co （68% of surveyed people）, Mg （67%）, Ca （64%）, Cu （47%）, K （46%）, Zn （44%）, I （41%）, Na （33%）, P （27%） and Se （24%） was typical for female subjects as well as excess of Si （28%）, Zn （22%） and P （20%）. Male residents were characterized by deficit of Co （81%）, Ca （66%）, Mg （65%）, I （50%）, Cu （37%）, K and Na （27%） and excess of Zn （41%）. In individual cases it was noted excess concentration of nominally essential and toxic elements in both examined groups. They were： A1, As, Cd, Li, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and B. While analyzing of medians of chemical concentration it was stated reliable sex-related differences （P 〈 0.05）： content of Ca, Mg and Mn was higher in hair samples of women, and content of As, B, Cd, Cr, K, Li, Na, P, Pb and V, on the contrary, was higher in male samples.展开更多
文摘Mekong River Delta has many home-gardens,here,everybody organizes the tourisms.We observed the real situations and substances,evaluation,a choice at some households in the Mekong River Delta in order to have a purpose of search,here,they have the home-gardens;the farmers plant fruit trees at the villages of provinces,that is a place which is influenced by the climate change.We went to the villages such as:Hiep Thanh village,Chau Thanh district,Long An province;Tan Phu village,Tan Phu Dong district,Tien Giang province;Tieu Can village,Tieu Can district,Tra Vinh province to observe the landscape(here 10 households for 1 village),and we took the sample to analyze.We knew the factors such as:drought,deficiency of water,salt water intrusion,flood.These factors influence the trees,assets,diseases,lives of the persons who stay here,and cause many damages.We compare many home-gardens having a climate change with the normal home-gardens.Thus,we propose the reasonable methods in order to fix the consequence and prevent the salt intrusion,flood,important damages…And we present some illustrations.
文摘This study was to survey the relationship between semen values and demographics,comorbidities,and recreational substance use in a large cohort of adult men at the University of Chicago Medical Center Department of Urology(Chicago,IL,USA).We performed an analysis from January 2013 to December 2023 of semen samples obtained from adult patients at our institution and collected their demographics,comorbid medical conditions,and recreational substance use information.Patients were divided into categories of normozoospermia,oligozoospermia,and azoospermia on the basis of the 5th version of the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines.Data were analyzed by univariate linear and logistic regression models,after which statistically significant variables were placed into multivariable models.Azoospermia and oligozoospermia were both associated with Caucasian or Black,Indigenous,and People of Color(BIPOC)race(both P<0.001),increasing age(P=0.005 and P<0.001,respectively),anemia(P<0.001 and P=0.02,respectively),lifetime tobacco use(both P<0.001),lifetime alcohol use(P=0.02 and P<0.001,respectively),and lifetime use of at least two recreational substances(P<0.001 and P=0.003,respectively)in multivariable models.Oligospermia was additionally associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH;P=0.003)in multivariable models.This study suggests that at-risk populations may benefit from additional early screening and workup for infertility.
文摘MiguelÁngel Asturias’work titled Men of Maize stands as a significant masterpiece within the realm of Latin American magical realism literature.It unfolds and discloses the profound and abiding antagonism that exists between Indian culture and modern capitalism by means of a prose narrative that is rendered in a poeticized fashion,replete with rich mythological symbols as well as complex social conflicts that are intricately interwoven.This paper undertakes an analysis across four distinct aspects,namely the backdrop or setting against which the work was created,the very definition along with the characteristic features that are emblematic of magical realism,the context or background within which it came into being and subsequently developed,and the specific and tangible manifestations of the magical realist writing techniques as they are exemplified in Men of Maize.The study that has been conducted reveals that Men of Maize manages to demonstrate the historical fissure or divide and the cultural antagonism that pervades Latin American society through the employment of techniques such as the clash of cultures,a non-traditional narrative structure that breaks away from the norm,and the symbolism associated with deities.Moreover,it simultaneously engages in a profound and incisive reflection upon the marginalization of traditional culture during the course of the modernization process.The creative output of Asturias is not solely a critique leveled at the social reality of Latin America;rather,it also represents an exploration of the common issues and challenges that are faced by mankind at large,thereby laying down an important and substantial foundation for the further development of magical realism literature.
文摘乳腺癌已成为全球女性患者最大的癌症负担。在中国,近10%的女性乳腺癌患者发病与遗传相关,受多个易感基因调控。乳腺癌患者存在多发性内分泌肿瘤1型(multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,MEN1)基因显著突变,MEN1突变女性患乳腺癌风险显著增加,发病年龄提前。关于MEN1影响乳腺癌发病与进展的系统研究仍然有限。因此,本文将基于MEN1基因和MEN1编码的menin蛋白的结构、功能作一概述,以探讨MEN1与menin在乳腺癌发生发展及内分泌治疗中的作用机制,并介绍了基于menin的乳腺癌潜在治疗靶点,旨在为乳腺癌的早期筛查及个体化防治提供理论支持和科学指导。
文摘Objectives: Sex work is not well documented among African men. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of men who have sex with men (MSM) and eventually to determine the proportion of sex workers (SW) among them, as well as the proportion of MSM who have been victims of gender-based violence (GBV). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study coordinated by the Direction de la Médecine du Travail was carried out at the headquarters of the association ALTERNATIVES in Bangui Bangui from July 1 to October 31, 2021. Consenting MSM present during the study period were systematically included. Sociodemographic variables, those relating to the future vision of the activity and to GBV were collected and analyzed using Epi-Info version 7 software. Results: Forty MSM with an average age of 23 years and mainly secondary education (75.0%) were included. The vast majority of MSM were unemployed (85.0%). 45.0% had been victims of GBV and wanted to stop working as an MSM (47.5%), and almost 2/3 (65.0%) would accept another income-generating activity in exchange for the MSM. Violence was sexual (32.5%), economic (22.5%), physical (20.0%), verbal (12.5%) and psychological (12.5%). Conclusion: The MSM were mainly young, poorly educated, unemployed, and almost half were victims of GBV. The desire to change MSM activity to another income-generating activity alongside that of MSM shows that many of them are SW, workers in the informal sector. This must be taken into account in prevention activities, even if the data needs to be confirmed on a much larger sample.
文摘Introduction: Urethroplasty remains the gold standard for the management of urethral stricture. However, the treatment of stricture disease in the elderly tends to be less invasive due to the presumption that they might not be able to stand long hours of surgery and might have higher rates of recurrence due to poor wound healing from microangiopathy. We present our experience with the outcomes of urethroplasty among elderly men seen at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021. Methods: This was a retrospective review of data captured in the urology database on all patients 65 years and above who underwent urethroplasty at the hospital over the study period. Data was obtained on patients’ demographics, stricture characteristics, urethroplasty technique, and outcome. A successful outcome was defined as peak flow rate > 15 mls/s, a patent urethra on retrograde urethrogram, patient satisfaction with urine stream, or restoration of the normal stream of urine with only one attempt at urethral calibration or internal urethrotomy postoperatively. Data was analyzed using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0. Results: Overall, 43 urethroplasties were done over the study period in elderly men. The age range was 65 to 87 years. The commonest aetiology was catheterization (62.79%) followed by urethritis (32.56%). Stricture length ranged from 0.5 cm to 16 cm with a mean of 3.93 cm. Most patients (60.46%) had bulbar urethral strictures. The repair methods employed were anastomotic urethroplasty (62.80%), fasciocutaneous flap (FCF) ventral onlay (13.95%), buccal mucosa graft (BMG) ventral onlay urethroplasty (4.65%), and staged urethroplasty (4.65%). Three of the patients (6.98%) had a combination of anastomotic and tissue transfer urethroplasty. The overall success rate was 88.37%. Complications included three surgical site infections, two urethral diverticula and one glans dehiscence. Conclusion: Elderly men tolerate urethroplasty well and the procedure should not be denied solely based on age.
基金supported by the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30771811)the National Technology Research and Development Program in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China(No.2008BAI58B01)
文摘Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.
文摘Semen samples were collected from 1213 fertile men whose partners had a time-to-pregnancy （TTP） _〈12 months in Guangdong Province in Southern China, and semen parameters including semen volume, sperm concentration, total counts, motility, and morphology were evaluated according to the World Health Organization （WHO） 2010 guideline. All semen parameters analyzed were normal in ~62.2% of the total samples, whereas 37.8% showed at least one of the semen parameters below normal threshold values. The fifth centiles （with 95% confidence intervals） were 1.3 （1.2-1.5） ml for semen volume, 20 x 106 （18x106- 20x106） m1-1 for sperm concentration, 40 x 106 （38x106-44x106） per ejaculate for total sperm counts, 48% （47%-53%） for vitality, 39% （36%-43%） for total motility, 25% （23%-27%） for sperm progressive motility, 5.0% （4%,5%） for normal morphology. The pH values ranged from 7.2 to 8.0 with the mean ~ standard deviation at 7.32 ~ 0.17. No effects of age and body mass index were found on semen parameters. Occupation, smoking and alcohol abuse, varicocele appeared to decrease semen quality. Sperm concentration, but not sperm morphology, is positively correlated with TTP, whereas vitality is negatively correlated with TTP. Our study provides the latest reference values for the semen parameters of Chinese fertile men in Guangdong Province, which are close to those described in the new WHO guidelines （5th Edition）.
文摘Aim: We developed a scale to measure the social activities of community-dwelling older men requiring support. Methods: The participants were a group of 134 men, ≥65 years old, who required support and were living in Hokkaido, Japan. An anonymous questionnaire was administered through individual interviews. Valid responses were obtained from 121/134 interviewees. The construct validity of the resulting scale was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Criterion-related validity was tested with Spearman’s rank correlation test based on the Social Activities Index for Elderly People (SAI-E). Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: A Social Activities Scale for Community-dwelling Older Men Requiring Support (SASOMS) scale was created, comprised of the following three subscales: daily interactions with familiar people;intimate relationships with family members;and interactions with others through activity programs (e.g., exercise, games, recreation, etc.). The created SASOMS scale correlated with the SAI-E (r = 0.557), and its criterion-related validity was confirmed. The alpha coefficient of the new scale was 0.791, and its internal consistency was confirmed. Conclusions: The reliability and validity of the developed SASOMS scale was confirmed, demonstrating that it can be used to assess social activities specifically in older men requiring support. Our results suggest that the scale can be used effectively by care providers who support older men requiring care. The usability of the SASOMS should continue to be improved, and it is necessary to verify its validity in longitudinal studies.
文摘The authors aimed the study at examining macro- and trace elements content in elderly people of the 1 period of middle age （21-35） residing in Magadan town to assess the content of 25 trace elements in hair samples on individual and population levels by atom-emission spectrometry with inductively-bonded argon plasma. It turned out that the majority of surveyed subjects were characterized by deformation of element status demonstrated by excess and deficit of the basic essential elements of different degrees of manifestation. Deficit of Co （68% of surveyed people）, Mg （67%）, Ca （64%）, Cu （47%）, K （46%）, Zn （44%）, I （41%）, Na （33%）, P （27%） and Se （24%） was typical for female subjects as well as excess of Si （28%）, Zn （22%） and P （20%）. Male residents were characterized by deficit of Co （81%）, Ca （66%）, Mg （65%）, I （50%）, Cu （37%）, K and Na （27%） and excess of Zn （41%）. In individual cases it was noted excess concentration of nominally essential and toxic elements in both examined groups. They were： A1, As, Cd, Li, Ni, Pb, Sn, V and B. While analyzing of medians of chemical concentration it was stated reliable sex-related differences （P 〈 0.05）： content of Ca, Mg and Mn was higher in hair samples of women, and content of As, B, Cd, Cr, K, Li, Na, P, Pb and V, on the contrary, was higher in male samples.
