The Memorable Tourist Experience(MTE)is a scientific concept within the studies on tourism that is developed based on several related constructions:Perceived Confidence,Sincerity,Authenticity,and Satisfaction.This wor...The Memorable Tourist Experience(MTE)is a scientific concept within the studies on tourism that is developed based on several related constructions:Perceived Confidence,Sincerity,Authenticity,and Satisfaction.This work takes this model established by the work of Dr.Babak Taheri in 2018 on Monuments World Heritage of UNESCO,adopting an alternative data collection method to the face-to-face survey.Therefore,this work takes as a source of data the reviews collected in the recommendation platform TripAdvisor,working the same constructions of the MTE,with the collection of similar terms and the relationships between them.In order to highlight the terms,a first step is established with the use of Natural Language Processing(NLP),followed by the use of Machine Learning(ML)techniques to generate the relationships between the constructors defined in the models.The study makes a comparison using the method,in immaterial nature such as a flamenco show in the city of Seville;Flamenco has been declared by UNESCO an intangible World Heritage Site since 2010.The results of the study go in two directions:on the one hand to find similarities in the study of the specific MTE of both monuments with the hypotheses worked in the original model of Taheri.In addition to highlighting possible distinctive elements of each case and,and furthermore within the value contribution of the visit when it is led by an official tour guide,on the other hand,give presence to the model of obtaining data by reviews as a complementary data source of any tourist study.The data collection and analysis from both NLP and ML techniques permit the scientific study and the tourist operators to develop better value propositions to users and understanding of heterogeneous behaviors in the tourism industry.The study of reviews within the MTE allows identifying the stimulus that leads the user to choose an activity and hire it.These studies are extendable to other industries and business models,given the importance that references acquire within the consumer willing to buy.For the scientific community,the use of ML is a solid way to initiate studies on behavioral models,supplement them,and accept or reject hypotheses.When the source of the data is taken from free expressions,such as reviews,the appearance of bias in the behavior is attenuated.展开更多
At the beginning of June, 2012, I had the honor to join a CAFIU team to visit Canada and the United States, which was my first visit to this continent across the shining ocean.As an English major, I am not a stranger ...At the beginning of June, 2012, I had the honor to join a CAFIU team to visit Canada and the United States, which was my first visit to this continent across the shining ocean.As an English major, I am not a stranger to the American society, politics and culture. As a girl born in the 1980s, my peers grew up with展开更多
At the invitation of the Kazankai Foundation of Japan,New Zealand Rotary and Australian Rotary,a 5-member CAFIU delegation headed by Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Japan,New Zealand and Australia from Oc...At the invitation of the Kazankai Foundation of Japan,New Zealand Rotary and Australian Rotary,a 5-member CAFIU delegation headed by Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Japan,New Zealand and Australia from October28 to November 6,2013.I have the honor to be a member of the delegation to visit the abovementioned three countries,which left展开更多
Red tourism in China has expanded significantly since 2004,driven by government initiatives focused on economic development,cultural preservation,and Communist Party promotion.Despite this growth,red tourism often fai...Red tourism in China has expanded significantly since 2004,driven by government initiatives focused on economic development,cultural preservation,and Communist Party promotion.Despite this growth,red tourism often fails to engage tourists effectively due to a lack of focus on their experiences.This study employed the Q method with 31 samples to identify four key components of memorable red tourism experiences:identity experience,mixed emotional experience,cost-effective experience,and knowledge experience.Theoretically,this study underscores how red tourism can fulfill personal political goals and highlights the impact of affordability on creating memorable experiences.It also challenges the idea that hedonism is central to red tourism,while stressing the importance of cultural authenticity.The findings provide practical guidance for red tourism destination management to create more engaging and meaningful experiences.The recommendations include enhancing experiential atmospheres,incorporating red cultural elements,and balancing cultural authenticity with entertainment.展开更多
The modulation of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)is of importance for display and asymmetric chemical synthesis.However,the underlying mechanism of CPL transfer remains rarely studied.Herein,we rationally desig...The modulation of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)is of importance for display and asymmetric chemical synthesis.However,the underlying mechanism of CPL transfer remains rarely studied.Herein,we rationally design a multipath transfer system including multistep chirality transfer(MCT)and sequential fluorescence resonance energy transfer(SFRET),and we are the first to fabricate memorable full-color CPL-active films with a high dissymmetry factor(~10^(-2)).Specifically,(P/M)-helical nanofibers are constructed by co-assembly between an achiral polymer,poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)(PF8),and easy-to-remove R/S-limonene.When matching achiral emitters are added,the PF8 mediates MCT and simultaneously triggers the SFRET process.Furthermore,full-color CPL memory is realized after removing the chiral source.Molecular simulation and structure analysis indicate that the robust helical superstructure of PF8 provides chiral sites to accommodate emitters,which is essential for CPL transfer and memory.This work provides a novel strategy for constructing CPL-active materials in an aggregated state and insights into CPL transfer and memory.展开更多
Dear Xu Shengli,You asked me about learning English.Now I'd like to tell you how you should learn English.First,you should often read English aloud and try your best to learn important something1 by heart.So you c...Dear Xu Shengli,You asked me about learning English.Now I'd like to tell you how you should learn English.First,you should often read English aloud and try your best to learn important something1 by heart.So you can remember them easy2 and form a good habit of thinking in English.Second,you should listen a lot and communicate with others in English.With3 this way,both your listening ability and your spoken English will be improved.Third,you should keep a diary in English every day.I hope that the advice will be useful to you.展开更多
When China and Singapore exchanged formal handshakes in 1990,few could have imagined that 35 years later,a Data Science undergraduate named Hu Yunxin would be happily counting hawker-centre noodles while memorizing re...When China and Singapore exchanged formal handshakes in 1990,few could have imagined that 35 years later,a Data Science undergraduate named Hu Yunxin would be happily counting hawker-centre noodles while memorizing regression formulas along Clementi Road.Yet it is precisely these small,personal stories that breathe life into grand diplomatic milestones.In celebration of the anniversary,I spoke with Yunxin—freshly returned from her first year at the National University of Singapore(NUS)—to discover how the Lion City looks through Chinese eyes.展开更多
The interplay of academic atmosphere,learning motivation,and strategies inherently influences English learning.Effective vocabulary acquisition strategies significantly influence the achievements of English acquisitio...The interplay of academic atmosphere,learning motivation,and strategies inherently influences English learning.Effective vocabulary acquisition strategies significantly influence the achievements of English acquisition.Vocabulary mastery,a cornerstone of middle school English education,raises a critical question:How can vocabulary strategies optimize students’memory,understanding,and vocabulary application?This article elaborates on the importance and characteristics of vocabulary learning in Chinese junior high schools,analyzes definitions and theories of learning strategies,and proposes specific vocabulary approaches tailored to junior high school students in rural-urban fringe areas.展开更多
The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Infor...The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. We describe different black-box attacks from potential adversaries and study their impact on the amount and type of information that may be recovered from commonly used and deployed LLMs. Our research investigates the relationship between PII leakage, memorization, and factors such as model size, architecture, and the nature of attacks employed. The study utilizes two broad categories of attacks: PII leakage-focused attacks (auto-completion and extraction attacks) and memorization-focused attacks (various membership inference attacks). The findings from these investigations are quantified using an array of evaluative metrics, providing a detailed understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of different attacks.展开更多
The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Infor...The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. This inadvertent leakage of sensitive information typically occurs when the models are subjected to black-box attacks. To address the growing concerns of safeguarding private and sensitive information while simultaneously preserving its utility, we analyze the performance of Targeted Catastrophic Forgetting (TCF). TCF involves preserving targeted pieces of sensitive information within datasets through an iterative pipeline which significantly reduces the likelihood of such information being leaked or reproduced by the model during black-box attacks, such as the autocompletion attack in our case. The experiments conducted using TCF evidently demonstrate its capability to reduce the extraction of PII while still preserving the context and utility of the target application.展开更多
Memorization has been long viewed as a bad practice or the opposite of meaningful learning.A survey on the role of memorization in ESL/EFL learning is carried out in Vestal Middle School,Binghamton High School and Bin...Memorization has been long viewed as a bad practice or the opposite of meaningful learning.A survey on the role of memorization in ESL/EFL learning is carried out in Vestal Middle School,Binghamton High School and Binghamton University under the guidance of Professor Jennifer Brondell.The result shows that a majority of subjects were found to emphasize the important role of memorization as a strategy in helping students to obtain better accuracy and fluency,use language knowledge reserve,and gain more self-confidence.展开更多
Words acquisition should be the most decisive and basic part, though modern English education does not take enough attention, especially in college English teaching. A recent survey on the Internet reveals that colleg...Words acquisition should be the most decisive and basic part, though modern English education does not take enough attention, especially in college English teaching. A recent survey on the Internet reveals that college students are worrying about their words power very much, eager to find an efficient and effective way. Hence, various modes of word memorizing methods are collected and a brief classification and remark are available. By an overall analysis of those methods, a new approach compromised by different kinds of methods turns out. This new approach completely abides by the philosophy of pragmatism, and every idea with practical use will be introduced to it, e.g. psychology of language and so on.展开更多
Hypnosis is more and more used in many fields in modern society. The article suggests hypotheses and some problems about the use of hypnosis in foreign language teaching from 7 aspects： application of hypnosis in att...Hypnosis is more and more used in many fields in modern society. The article suggests hypotheses and some problems about the use of hypnosis in foreign language teaching from 7 aspects： application of hypnosis in attention; application of hypnosis in keeping best study state; application of hypnosis in English teaching; application of hypnosis in avoiding mother tongue influence; application of hypnosis in memorizing; application of hypnosis in inputting knowledge; application of hypnosis in mentality hint.展开更多
Many aposematic insect species advertise their toxicity to potential predators using olfactory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produce a multimodal warning display. The olfactory signals in the...Many aposematic insect species advertise their toxicity to potential predators using olfactory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produce a multimodal warning display. The olfactory signals in these displays may have interesting effects, such as eliciting innate avoidance against novel colored prey, or improving learning and memory of defended prey. However, little is known about the effects of such ancillary signals when they are auditory rather than olfactory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided conflicting results. The current study sought to clarify and extend understanding of the effects of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus was used as a model avian predator to examine how the defensive buzzing sound of a bumblebee Bombus terrestris affected the chick＇s innate avoidance behavior, and the learning and memory of prey avoidance. The results demonstrate that the buzzing sound had no effect on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposematically colored crumbs, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris may provide no additional protection from avian predators .展开更多
To put more information into a difference scheme of a differential equation for making an accurate prediction, a new kind of time integration scheme, known as the retrospective (RT) scheme, is proposed on the basis of...To put more information into a difference scheme of a differential equation for making an accurate prediction, a new kind of time integration scheme, known as the retrospective (RT) scheme, is proposed on the basis of the memorial dynamics. Stability criteria of the scheme for an advection equation in certain conditions are derived mathematically. The computations for the advection equation have been conducted with its RT scheme. It is shown that the accuracy of the scheme is much higher than that of the leapfrog (LF) difference scheme.展开更多
Working memory is one of the essential higher cognitive functions that actively holds behaviorally-relevant information essential for guiding subsequent actions. It includes subsystems that store and manipulate single...Working memory is one of the essential higher cognitive functions that actively holds behaviorally-relevant information essential for guiding subsequent actions. It includes subsystems that store and manipulate singlemode or multi-modal sensory information, e.g., spatial information, visual images, auditory scenes, olfactory objects, or any combination of these. In addition to merely holding a certain amount of information for a short period of time, as is generally believed, the cognitive processes involved are far more complex, including the executive and attentional control of short-term memory, permitting interim integration, and the processing, disposal, and retrieval of information. Evolution-wise, working memory is essential for the behavioral flexibility that allows humans and animals to quickly adapt to rapidly changing environments.展开更多
The findings of the study indicate that students prefer to engage in the vocabulary learning strategies that would be most appealing to them and that would entail less manipulation of the language. Of the four vocabul...The findings of the study indicate that students prefer to engage in the vocabulary learning strategies that would be most appealing to them and that would entail less manipulation of the language. Of the four vocabulary memorizing strategies cited in the study （rote repetition, structural associations, semantic strategies, and mnemonic keyword techniques）, students apparently tended to favor the second and the third ones, though rote repetition remains appealing to some of them. Mnemonic devices such as keyword method were rather unpopular to most of the students because they would involve the learners in more active performance of the target language.展开更多
In this article, the author proposed guesses about memorizing, basing on the observation of hypnosis and its application on acquisition of vocabulary, and advanced the concepts of meaningful decoding and meaning rebui...In this article, the author proposed guesses about memorizing, basing on the observation of hypnosis and its application on acquisition of vocabulary, and advanced the concepts of meaningful decoding and meaning rebuilding, which are the two main courses in mem- orizing.展开更多
文摘The Memorable Tourist Experience(MTE)is a scientific concept within the studies on tourism that is developed based on several related constructions:Perceived Confidence,Sincerity,Authenticity,and Satisfaction.This work takes this model established by the work of Dr.Babak Taheri in 2018 on Monuments World Heritage of UNESCO,adopting an alternative data collection method to the face-to-face survey.Therefore,this work takes as a source of data the reviews collected in the recommendation platform TripAdvisor,working the same constructions of the MTE,with the collection of similar terms and the relationships between them.In order to highlight the terms,a first step is established with the use of Natural Language Processing(NLP),followed by the use of Machine Learning(ML)techniques to generate the relationships between the constructors defined in the models.The study makes a comparison using the method,in immaterial nature such as a flamenco show in the city of Seville;Flamenco has been declared by UNESCO an intangible World Heritage Site since 2010.The results of the study go in two directions:on the one hand to find similarities in the study of the specific MTE of both monuments with the hypotheses worked in the original model of Taheri.In addition to highlighting possible distinctive elements of each case and,and furthermore within the value contribution of the visit when it is led by an official tour guide,on the other hand,give presence to the model of obtaining data by reviews as a complementary data source of any tourist study.The data collection and analysis from both NLP and ML techniques permit the scientific study and the tourist operators to develop better value propositions to users and understanding of heterogeneous behaviors in the tourism industry.The study of reviews within the MTE allows identifying the stimulus that leads the user to choose an activity and hire it.These studies are extendable to other industries and business models,given the importance that references acquire within the consumer willing to buy.For the scientific community,the use of ML is a solid way to initiate studies on behavioral models,supplement them,and accept or reject hypotheses.When the source of the data is taken from free expressions,such as reviews,the appearance of bias in the behavior is attenuated.
文摘At the beginning of June, 2012, I had the honor to join a CAFIU team to visit Canada and the United States, which was my first visit to this continent across the shining ocean.As an English major, I am not a stranger to the American society, politics and culture. As a girl born in the 1980s, my peers grew up with
文摘At the invitation of the Kazankai Foundation of Japan,New Zealand Rotary and Australian Rotary,a 5-member CAFIU delegation headed by Deputy Secretary-General Liu Kaiyang visited Japan,New Zealand and Australia from October28 to November 6,2013.I have the honor to be a member of the delegation to visit the abovementioned three countries,which left
基金The National Social Science Foundation of China(21BJY203)The China Scholarship Council(202108615020)The Yan’an Social Science Foundation(24BJJ20)。
文摘Red tourism in China has expanded significantly since 2004,driven by government initiatives focused on economic development,cultural preservation,and Communist Party promotion.Despite this growth,red tourism often fails to engage tourists effectively due to a lack of focus on their experiences.This study employed the Q method with 31 samples to identify four key components of memorable red tourism experiences:identity experience,mixed emotional experience,cost-effective experience,and knowledge experience.Theoretically,this study underscores how red tourism can fulfill personal political goals and highlights the impact of affordability on creating memorable experiences.It also challenges the idea that hedonism is central to red tourism,while stressing the importance of cultural authenticity.The findings provide practical guidance for red tourism destination management to create more engaging and meaningful experiences.The recommendations include enhancing experiential atmospheres,incorporating red cultural elements,and balancing cultural authenticity with entertainment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92056111,21971180)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722312)+3 种基金the Key Laboratory of Polymeric Material Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Functionthe Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsJiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talentthe Program of Innovative Research Team of Soochow University。
文摘The modulation of circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)is of importance for display and asymmetric chemical synthesis.However,the underlying mechanism of CPL transfer remains rarely studied.Herein,we rationally design a multipath transfer system including multistep chirality transfer(MCT)and sequential fluorescence resonance energy transfer(SFRET),and we are the first to fabricate memorable full-color CPL-active films with a high dissymmetry factor(~10^(-2)).Specifically,(P/M)-helical nanofibers are constructed by co-assembly between an achiral polymer,poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene)(PF8),and easy-to-remove R/S-limonene.When matching achiral emitters are added,the PF8 mediates MCT and simultaneously triggers the SFRET process.Furthermore,full-color CPL memory is realized after removing the chiral source.Molecular simulation and structure analysis indicate that the robust helical superstructure of PF8 provides chiral sites to accommodate emitters,which is essential for CPL transfer and memory.This work provides a novel strategy for constructing CPL-active materials in an aggregated state and insights into CPL transfer and memory.
文摘Dear Xu Shengli,You asked me about learning English.Now I'd like to tell you how you should learn English.First,you should often read English aloud and try your best to learn important something1 by heart.So you can remember them easy2 and form a good habit of thinking in English.Second,you should listen a lot and communicate with others in English.With3 this way,both your listening ability and your spoken English will be improved.Third,you should keep a diary in English every day.I hope that the advice will be useful to you.
文摘When China and Singapore exchanged formal handshakes in 1990,few could have imagined that 35 years later,a Data Science undergraduate named Hu Yunxin would be happily counting hawker-centre noodles while memorizing regression formulas along Clementi Road.Yet it is precisely these small,personal stories that breathe life into grand diplomatic milestones.In celebration of the anniversary,I spoke with Yunxin—freshly returned from her first year at the National University of Singapore(NUS)—to discover how the Lion City looks through Chinese eyes.
文摘The interplay of academic atmosphere,learning motivation,and strategies inherently influences English learning.Effective vocabulary acquisition strategies significantly influence the achievements of English acquisition.Vocabulary mastery,a cornerstone of middle school English education,raises a critical question:How can vocabulary strategies optimize students’memory,understanding,and vocabulary application?This article elaborates on the importance and characteristics of vocabulary learning in Chinese junior high schools,analyzes definitions and theories of learning strategies,and proposes specific vocabulary approaches tailored to junior high school students in rural-urban fringe areas.
文摘The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. We describe different black-box attacks from potential adversaries and study their impact on the amount and type of information that may be recovered from commonly used and deployed LLMs. Our research investigates the relationship between PII leakage, memorization, and factors such as model size, architecture, and the nature of attacks employed. The study utilizes two broad categories of attacks: PII leakage-focused attacks (auto-completion and extraction attacks) and memorization-focused attacks (various membership inference attacks). The findings from these investigations are quantified using an array of evaluative metrics, providing a detailed understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of different attacks.
文摘The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. This inadvertent leakage of sensitive information typically occurs when the models are subjected to black-box attacks. To address the growing concerns of safeguarding private and sensitive information while simultaneously preserving its utility, we analyze the performance of Targeted Catastrophic Forgetting (TCF). TCF involves preserving targeted pieces of sensitive information within datasets through an iterative pipeline which significantly reduces the likelihood of such information being leaked or reproduced by the model during black-box attacks, such as the autocompletion attack in our case. The experiments conducted using TCF evidently demonstrate its capability to reduce the extraction of PII while still preserving the context and utility of the target application.
文摘Memorization has been long viewed as a bad practice or the opposite of meaningful learning.A survey on the role of memorization in ESL/EFL learning is carried out in Vestal Middle School,Binghamton High School and Binghamton University under the guidance of Professor Jennifer Brondell.The result shows that a majority of subjects were found to emphasize the important role of memorization as a strategy in helping students to obtain better accuracy and fluency,use language knowledge reserve,and gain more self-confidence.
文摘Words acquisition should be the most decisive and basic part, though modern English education does not take enough attention, especially in college English teaching. A recent survey on the Internet reveals that college students are worrying about their words power very much, eager to find an efficient and effective way. Hence, various modes of word memorizing methods are collected and a brief classification and remark are available. By an overall analysis of those methods, a new approach compromised by different kinds of methods turns out. This new approach completely abides by the philosophy of pragmatism, and every idea with practical use will be introduced to it, e.g. psychology of language and so on.
文摘Hypnosis is more and more used in many fields in modern society. The article suggests hypotheses and some problems about the use of hypnosis in foreign language teaching from 7 aspects： application of hypnosis in attention; application of hypnosis in keeping best study state; application of hypnosis in English teaching; application of hypnosis in avoiding mother tongue influence; application of hypnosis in memorizing; application of hypnosis in inputting knowledge; application of hypnosis in mentality hint.
文摘Many aposematic insect species advertise their toxicity to potential predators using olfactory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produce a multimodal warning display. The olfactory signals in these displays may have interesting effects, such as eliciting innate avoidance against novel colored prey, or improving learning and memory of defended prey. However, little is known about the effects of such ancillary signals when they are auditory rather than olfactory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided conflicting results. The current study sought to clarify and extend understanding of the effects of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus was used as a model avian predator to examine how the defensive buzzing sound of a bumblebee Bombus terrestris affected the chick＇s innate avoidance behavior, and the learning and memory of prey avoidance. The results demonstrate that the buzzing sound had no effect on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposematically colored crumbs, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris may provide no additional protection from avian predators .
基金The project supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (G1999043408 and G1998040901-1)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (40175024 and 40035010)
文摘To put more information into a difference scheme of a differential equation for making an accurate prediction, a new kind of time integration scheme, known as the retrospective (RT) scheme, is proposed on the basis of the memorial dynamics. Stability criteria of the scheme for an advection equation in certain conditions are derived mathematically. The computations for the advection equation have been conducted with its RT scheme. It is shown that the accuracy of the scheme is much higher than that of the leapfrog (LF) difference scheme.
文摘Working memory is one of the essential higher cognitive functions that actively holds behaviorally-relevant information essential for guiding subsequent actions. It includes subsystems that store and manipulate singlemode or multi-modal sensory information, e.g., spatial information, visual images, auditory scenes, olfactory objects, or any combination of these. In addition to merely holding a certain amount of information for a short period of time, as is generally believed, the cognitive processes involved are far more complex, including the executive and attentional control of short-term memory, permitting interim integration, and the processing, disposal, and retrieval of information. Evolution-wise, working memory is essential for the behavioral flexibility that allows humans and animals to quickly adapt to rapidly changing environments.
文摘The findings of the study indicate that students prefer to engage in the vocabulary learning strategies that would be most appealing to them and that would entail less manipulation of the language. Of the four vocabulary memorizing strategies cited in the study （rote repetition, structural associations, semantic strategies, and mnemonic keyword techniques）, students apparently tended to favor the second and the third ones, though rote repetition remains appealing to some of them. Mnemonic devices such as keyword method were rather unpopular to most of the students because they would involve the learners in more active performance of the target language.
文摘In this article, the author proposed guesses about memorizing, basing on the observation of hypnosis and its application on acquisition of vocabulary, and advanced the concepts of meaningful decoding and meaning rebuilding, which are the two main courses in mem- orizing.
