Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-...Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are a crucial kind of pollutants in the environment due to their obvious features of severe toxicity,high volatility,and poor degradability.It is particularly urgent to control the emis...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are a crucial kind of pollutants in the environment due to their obvious features of severe toxicity,high volatility,and poor degradability.It is particularly urgent to control the emission of VOCs due to the persistent increase of concentration and the stringent regulations.In China,clear directions and requirements for reduction of VOCs have been given in the“national plan on environmental improvement for the 13th Five-Year Plan period”.Therefore,the development of efficient technologies for removal and recovery of VOCs is of great significance.Recovery technologies are favored by researchers due to their advantages in both recycling VOCs and reducing carbon emissions.Among them,adsorption and membrane separation processes have been extensively studied due to their remarkable industrial prospects.This overview was to provide an up-to-date progress of adsorption and membrane separation for removal and recovery of VOCs.Firstly,adsorption and membrane separation were found to be the research hotspots through bibliometric analysis.Then,a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms,factors,and current application statuses was discussed.Finally,the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field were briefly highlighted.展开更多
A two-staged membrane separation process for hydrogen recovery from refinery gases is introduced. The principle of the gas membrane separation process and the influence of the operation temperatures are analyzed. As t...A two-staged membrane separation process for hydrogen recovery from refinery gases is introduced. The principle of the gas membrane separation process and the influence of the operation temperatures are analyzed. As the conventional PID controller is difficult to make the operation temperatures steady, a fuzzy self-tuning PID control algorithm is proposed. The application shows that the algorithm is effective, the operation temperatures of both stages can be controlled steadily, and the operation flexibility and adaptability of the hydrogen recovery unit are enhanced with safety. This study lays a foundation to optimize the control of the membrane separation process and thus ensure the membrane performance.展开更多
Membrane technology has found wide applications in the petrochemical industry, mainly in the purification and recovery of the hydrogen resources. Accurate prediction of the membrane separation performance plays an imp...Membrane technology has found wide applications in the petrochemical industry, mainly in the purification and recovery of the hydrogen resources. Accurate prediction of the membrane separation performance plays an important role in carrying out advanced process control （APC）. For the first time, a soft-sensor model for the membrane separation process has been established based on the radial basis function （RBF） neural networks. The main performance parameters, i.e, permeate hydrogen concentration, permeate gas flux, and residue hydrogen concentration, are estimated quantitatively by measuring the operating temperature, feed-side pressure, permeate-side pressure, residue-side pressure, feed-gas flux, and feed-hydrogen concentration excluding flow structure, membrane parameters, and other compositions. The predicted results can gain the desired effects. The effectiveness of this novel approach lays a foundation for integrating control technology and optimizing the operation of the gas membrane separation process.展开更多
Membrane separation, a new technology for removing VOCs including pervaporation, vapor permeation, membrane contactor, and membrane bioreactor was presented. Comparing with traditional techniques, these special techni...Membrane separation, a new technology for removing VOCs including pervaporation, vapor permeation, membrane contactor, and membrane bioreactor was presented. Comparing with traditional techniques, these special techniques are an efficient and energy saving technology. Vapor permeation can be applied to recovery of organic solvents from exhaust streams. Membrane contactor could be used for removing or recovering VOCs from air or wastewater. Pervaporation and vapor permeation are viable methods for removing VOCs from wastewater to yield a VOC concentrate which could either be destroyed by conventional means, or be recycled for reuse.展开更多
Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltr...Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.展开更多
The presence of chirality,a fundamental attribute found in nature,is of great significance in the field of pharmaceutical science.Chiral drugs are unique in that their molecular structure is non-superimposable on its ...The presence of chirality,a fundamental attribute found in nature,is of great significance in the field of pharmaceutical science.Chiral drugs are unique in that their molecular structure is non-superimposable on its mirror image.This stereoisomerism significantly impacts the functionality,metabolic pathway,effectiveness,and safety of chiral medications.The enantiomers of chiral drugs can exhibit diverse pharmacological effects in the human body.As a result,it is essential to separate and purify chiral drugs effectively.Despite the abundance of reports on chiral drug separation membranes,there is a dearth of comprehensive reviews.This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a thorough review from a materials perspective,with a focus on the design and construction of chiral drug separation membranes.Furthermore,it systematically analyzes the separation mechanisms employed by these membranes.The paper also delves into the challenges and prospects related to chiral drug separation membranes,with the intention of imparting valuable insights for further research and development in this field.展开更多
Covalent organic skeletons(COFs)have been widely used in gas separation due to their excellent pore structure,high crystallinity,and high specific surface area.In this work,Dha Tab-COF was synthesized by solvothermal ...Covalent organic skeletons(COFs)have been widely used in gas separation due to their excellent pore structure,high crystallinity,and high specific surface area.In this work,Dha Tab-COF was synthesized by solvothermal method and filled in polyether block polyamide(PEBAX)to form mixed matrix membranes(MMMs).Various characterization methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffractometry(XRD)were used to characterize the structure of Dha Tab-COF as well as the MMMs.The effects of operating pressure,operating temperature and the content of Dha Tab-COF particles on the CO_(2)/CH_(4)separation performance of the membranes were investigated.The best separation performance with a CO_(2)permeability of 295.8 barrer(1 barrer=7.52×10^(-18)m^(3)·(STP)·m^(-2)·m·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1))and a CO_(2)/CH_(4)selectivity of 21.6 was achieved when the Dha Tab-COF content is 2%(mass),which were 45.7%and 108.1%higher than that of the pure PEBAX membrane,respectively.展开更多
Sc and Y are key rare earth elements and are widely used in lamp phosphors,lasers and high-performance alloys.However,highly efficient extraction and separation of Sc^(3+) and Y^(3+) is laborious,harmful,slow,and cost...Sc and Y are key rare earth elements and are widely used in lamp phosphors,lasers and high-performance alloys.However,highly efficient extraction and separation of Sc^(3+) and Y^(3+) is laborious,harmful,slow,and costly,strongly necessitating more efficient extraction and separation techniques.Here,we produced hydrated Sc^(3+)-and hydrated Y^(3+)-controlled graphene oxide(GO) membranes and find that both hydrated cations were completely self-rejected by the membrane.By combining this selfrejection effect of the larger hydrated Y^(3+)-controlled GO membrane and the rapid passage of the membrane through the smaller hydrated Sc^(3+),we proposed a strategy to separate Sc^(3+) and Y^(3+) by using a hydrated Y^(3+)-controlled GO membrane.The experimental results show that the permeation rate of Sc^(3+) exceeds that of Y^(3+) when the separation factor reaches 4.02,which can be attributed to the interlayer sieving effects of the GO membrane.Our finding illustrates the use of a forward osmosis process with a GO membrane for the efficient separation of Sc^(3+) and Y^(3+) by interlayer sieving,which provides a new effective and eco-friendly method for the separation of rare earth elements.展开更多
Membrane-based separation is a promising technology to eliminate water impurities from the oil phase.However,it remains a great challenge to separate water from highly emulsified viscous oil owing to the high stabilit...Membrane-based separation is a promising technology to eliminate water impurities from the oil phase.However,it remains a great challenge to separate water from highly emulsified viscous oil owing to the high stability of the water droplets in oil.Herein we report a surface wettability engineering on an alumina ceramic membrane to achieve an efficient separation of a water-in-oil(W/O)emulsion.Silanes with different carbon chain lengths and fluorinated status were introduced to endow the alumina membrane with different surface wettabilities.While all the modified membranes exhibited excellent separation of the W/O without Span 80(surfactant),the one with amphiphobic wettability and lowest surface energy failed to separate the Span 80 stabilized W/O.The presence of Span 80 reduced the interfacial tension of water droplets,making them easier to deform and penetrate the modified membrane with the lowest surface energy.It reveals that engineering proper surface wettability is the key to separating the oil and water phases.Besides,the modified membranes maintained decent separation performance and stability under long-term run separation of the emulsified W/O.展开更多
Yellow rice wine(Huangjiu)is a traditional alcoholic beverage in China.This study aimed to find a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu.Three membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs(200,1000,and 2000...Yellow rice wine(Huangjiu)is a traditional alcoholic beverage in China.This study aimed to find a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu.Three membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs(200,1000,and 2000 Da)were selected to separate small molecules in Huangjiu,and then the adsorption of four models of weakly basic anion-exchange resins(335,D301,D314,and D354)on the organic acids in the filtered fractions of Huangjiu was investigated.The D354 resin exhibited the highest adsorption rate of 157.74 mg/g and the adsorption of acids was more consistent with the proposed second-order kinetic model.The adsorption capacity of D354 resin decreased with increasing temperature,and the adsorption of D354 resin correlated better with the Freundlich isotherm model.The initial deacidification efficiency of the D354 resin was 91.52% and it decreased by 3.88% after 10 regenerations.After the D354 resin treatment,the total acid content decreased by 56.11%,and the retention rates of amino acids and volatile substances reached 97.96% and 81.93%,respectively.The results showed that D354 resin could be used for the deacidification of Huangjiu.Membrane separation combined with resin adsorption process provides a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu,which helps to maintain the flavor of the deacidified Huangjiu while efficiently reducing the acidity.展开更多
Coating techniques are efficient routes to modify surface property of composite membranes for enhanced membrane separations.However,it remains challenge to deposit continuous inorganic layers on hollow fiber substrate...Coating techniques are efficient routes to modify surface property of composite membranes for enhanced membrane separations.However,it remains challenge to deposit continuous inorganic layers on hollow fiber substrates.This study combines surface segregation with physical vapor deposition(PVD)to construct intensified TiO_(2)layers on polyether sulfone(PES)hollow fiber substrates.During membrane fabrication,polyethylene-polypropylene glycol(F127)is used as surface segregation agent in casting solution,which enables PES hollow fibers with abundant hydroxy groups,thus improving the compatibility between PES and vaporized TiO_(2).The obtained PES/F127@TiO_(2)membranes exhibit tight TiO_(2)layers with tunable thickness,high mechanical strength,narrowed pore size and enhanced hydrophilicity.Moreover,the optimized PES/F127@TiO_(2)membranes show competitive antifouling performances in water treatment,with a water permeability up to 97 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1)and bovine serum albumin(BSA)rejection of~99%.This work is expected to provide a material design idea to deposit functional layers on polymers for fortified performances.展开更多
Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)are widely employed in energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells(FCs),redox flow batteries(RFBs)and PEM water electrolysis(PEMWE).As one of the main components of these ...Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)are widely employed in energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells(FCs),redox flow batteries(RFBs)and PEM water electrolysis(PEMWE).As one of the main components of these devices,a high-performance PEM is always desirable considering the cost challenges from both energy utilization efficiency and production cost.From this century,governments of countries worldwide have introduced PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances)restriction related policies,which facilitate the extensive research on non-fluorinated PEMs.Besides,non-fluorinated PEMs become hot topics of all kinds of PEMs due to the advantages including excellent conductivity,high mechanical property,reduced swelling,low cost and reduced ion permeation of electrochemically active species.In this review,various types of non-fluorinated PEMs including main-chain-type hydrocarbon membranes,microphase separation membranes and membranes with rigid-twisted structure are comprehensively summarized.The basic properties of different types of non-fluorinated PEMs including water uptake,swelling ratio,oxidative stability,tensile strength and conductivity are compared and the corresponding application performance in FCs,RFBs and PEMWE are discussed.The state-of-the-art of the structural design in both monomers and polymers is reviewed for the construction of fast ion transport channels and high resistance of free radical attacks.Also,future challenges and possibilities for the development of non-fluorinated PEMs are comprehensively forecasted.展开更多
Membrane separation technology has been taken up for use in diverse applications such as water treatment,pharmaceutical,petroleum,and energy-related industries.Compared with the design of membrane materials,the innova...Membrane separation technology has been taken up for use in diverse applications such as water treatment,pharmaceutical,petroleum,and energy-related industries.Compared with the design of membrane materials,the innovation of membrane preparation technique is more urgent for the development of membrane separation technology,because it not only affects physicochemical properties and separation performance of the fabricated membranes,but also determines their potential in industrialized application.Among the various membrane preparation methods,spray technique has recently gained increasing attention because of its low cost,rapidity,scalability,minimum of environmental burden,and viability for nearly unlimited range of materials.In this Review article,we summarized and discussed the recent developments in separation membranes using the spray technique,including the fundamentals,important features and applications.The present challenges and future considerations have been touched to provide inspired insights for developing the sprayed separation membranes.展开更多
Solvent extraction of crude oil from oilseeds is widely applied for its high production capacity and low cost. In this process, solvent recovery and tail gas treatment are usually performed by adsorption, paraffin scr...Solvent extraction of crude oil from oilseeds is widely applied for its high production capacity and low cost. In this process, solvent recovery and tail gas treatment are usually performed by adsorption, paraffin scrubbing, or even cryogenics （at low tail gas flow rates）. Membrane separation, which has a lower energy consumption than these techniques, spans a broad range of admissible concentrations and flow rates, and is moreover easily combined with other techniques. Vapor recompression has potentials to reduce the heat loss in association with distillation and evaporation. In this study, we proved the possibility of combining membrane separation and vapor recompression to improve the conventional vegetable oil production, by both experiments and process simulation. Nearly 73% of energy can be saved in the process of vegetable oil extraction by the novel processing approach. By further environmental assessment, several impact categories show that the optimized process is environmentally sustainable.展开更多
During the last decade, metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been applied in various fields due to their unique chemical and functional advantages. One of the widespread research hotspots is MOF-based membranes for sep...During the last decade, metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been applied in various fields due to their unique chemical and functional advantages. One of the widespread research hotspots is MOF-based membranes for separations, specifically continuous defect-free MOF membranes, which are usually grown on porous substrates. The substrate not only serves as the MOF layer support but also has a great influence on the membrane fabrication process and the final separation performance of the resultant membrane. In this review, we mainly introduce the progress focused on the substrates for MOF membranes fabrication. The substrate modifications and seeding methods aimed at synthesizing highquality MOF membranes are also summarized systematically.展开更多
In order to provide theoretical guidance for separating egg membrane from eggshell by using mechanical agitation,CFD was used to explore the flow characteristics in stirred tank,using the Sliding Grid method to deal w...In order to provide theoretical guidance for separating egg membrane from eggshell by using mechanical agitation,CFD was used to explore the flow characteristics in stirred tank,using the Sliding Grid method to deal with the impeller rotational velocity zone in flow field,and using the Euler model to deal with liquid-solid two-phase flow.This study explored the influence of dish-shape bottom or flat-shape bottom,the clearance size between baffle and the side wall,and the axial height of impeller to bottom on suspension state of particles,solids holdup distribution,solid phase velocity and power number by CFD.Simulation results showed that better particles suspension effect in dish-shape tank can reduce particles accumulation at the bottom and power consumption.If there was a small clearance size(S)between the baffle and the side wall of the stirred tank,it would reduce particles accumulation at the bottom,and reduce the power consumption.However,too large S would decrease the suspension height of particles,not only cannot strengthen the main flow,but also lead to most fluid through clearance forming tangential flow,simulation results showed that S=6 mm was perfect.While decreased axial height of impeller(C)to bottom,particles accumulation at the bottom was decreased,but power consumption would increase,simulation results showed that C=H/5(H is height of liquid surface)was perfect.According to the simulation results,the structure of the stirring tank was optimized.At the same time,the influences of stirring rotational velocity,stirring time,solid-liquid ratio and separating medium temperature on egg membrane recovery were also studied by experiment,and optimal parameter combination of factors was obtained.The experiment results showed while the stirring time was 17.1 min,stirring rotational velocity was 350 r/min,solid-liquid ratio was 1:17 g/mL,the separating medium temperature was 32℃,the membrane recovery rate can reach above 89%.The device improves the recovery and utilization of discarded eggshell,and provides a reference for the solid-liquid two-phase flow and related study.展开更多
Sustainable processes for purifying water,capturing carbon,producing biofuels,operating fuel cells,and performing energy-efficient industrial separations will require next-generation membranes.Solvent-less fabrication...Sustainable processes for purifying water,capturing carbon,producing biofuels,operating fuel cells,and performing energy-efficient industrial separations will require next-generation membranes.Solvent-less fabrication for membranes not only eliminates potential environmental issues with organic solvents,but also solves the swelling problems that occur with delicate polymer substrates.Furthermore,the activation procedures often required for synthesizing microporous materials such as metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)can be reduced when solvent-less vapor-phase approaches are employed.This perspective covers several vacuum deposition processes,including initiated chemical vapor deposition(iCVD),initiated plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(iPECVD),solvent-less vapor deposition followed by in situ polymerization(SLIP),atomic layer deposition(ALD),and molecular layer deposition(MLD).These solvent-less vapor-phase methods are powerful in creating ultrathin selective layers for thin-film composite membranes and advantageous in conformally coating nanoscale pores for the precise modification of pore size and internal functionalities.The resulting membranes have shown promising performance for gas separation,nanofiltration,desalination,and water/oil separation.Further development of novel membrane materials and the scaling up of high-throughput reactors for solvent-less vapor-phase processes are necessary in order to make a real impact on the chemical industry in the future.展开更多
Transport channels with ultrahigh K^(+)selectivity over other ions play a crucial role for living beings,but constructing ionic channels with promising K^(+)selectivity and permeability remains a challenge.Here,an asy...Transport channels with ultrahigh K^(+)selectivity over other ions play a crucial role for living beings,but constructing ionic channels with promising K^(+)selectivity and permeability remains a challenge.Here,an asymmetric bilayer membrane based on MXene(Ti 3C2Tx)lamellar channels consisting of a recognition layer(RL)on top of an enhancement layer(EL)exhibits an amazing Matthew effect:amplification of the preferred transport of K^(+),resulting in an excellent K^(+)-separation performance.The K^(+)ion is selected by the 1-aza-18-crown-6 ether-modified RL,owing to preferential affinity energy,and then rapidly trans-ported as a hydrated ion through the EL,based on the confinement effect.Other undesired ions such as Na^(+)are hindered from entering the RL by the preferred K^(+)occupation of the crown ether.The MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))-based Matthew membrane presents high K^(+)-permeation rates of 0.1-0.2 mol∙m2∙h1,with a significant K^(+)/Na^(+)selectivity of 5-9.The molecular separation mechanism of the Matthew membrane is investigated deeply to explore the nature of the Matthew amplification effect on K^(+)sieving,where the precise matching of the RL and EL within the membrane governs the fast K^(+)permeation with good selectivity.The asymmetric structure of our Matthew membrane is the key to understanding the biolog-ical function of ion channels for precise and fast ion transport,which will guide us in the creation of arti-ficial ion channels or membranes.展开更多
The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is a significant process in chemical industry, but challenged in some cases. Compared with conventional separation technologies, pervaporation is quite promisi...The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is a significant process in chemical industry, but challenged in some cases. Compared with conventional separation technologies, pervaporation is quite promising in terms of its economical, energy-saving, and eco-friendly advantages. However, this technique has not been used in industry for separating aromatic/aliphatic mixtures yet. One of the main reasons is that the separation performance of existed pervaporation membranes is unsatisfactory. Membrane material is an important factor that affects the separation performance. This review provides an overview on the advances in studying membrane materials for the pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic mixtures over the past decade. Explored pristine polymers and their hybrid materials(as hybrid membranes) are summarized to highlight their nature and separation performance. We anticipate that this review could provide some guidance in the development of new materials for the aromatic/aliphatic pervaporation separation.展开更多
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22308145, 22208140, 22178159, 22078145)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20230791)Postgraduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX24_0165)。
文摘Removing H_(2)S and CO_(2)is of great significance for natural gas purification.With excellent gas affinity and tunable structure,ionic liquids(ILs) have been regarded as nontrivial candidates for fabricating polymer-based membranes.Herein,we firstly reported the incorporation of protic ILs (PILs) having ether-rich and carboxylate sites (ECPILs) into poly(ether-block-amide)(Pebax) matrix for efficient separation H_(2)S and CO_(2)from CH_(4).Notably,the optimal permeability of H_(2)S reaches up to 4310 Barrer (40C,0.50 bar) in Pebax/ECPIL membranes,along with H_(2)S/CH_(4)and (H_(2)StCO_(2))/CH_(4)selectivity of 97.7 and 112.3,respectively.These values are increased by 1125%,160.8%and 145.9%compared to those in neat Pebax membrane.Additionally,the solubility and diffusion coefficients of the gases were measured,demonstrating that ECPIL can simultaneously strengthen the dissolution and diffusion of H_(2)S and CO_(2),thus elevating the permeability and permselectivity.By using quantum chemical calculations and FT-IR spectroscopy,the highly reversible multi-site hydrogen bonding interaction between ECPILs and H_(2)S was revealed,which is responsible for the fast permeation of H_(2)S and good selectivity.Furthermore,H_(2)S/CO_(2)/CH_(4)(3/3/94 mol/mol) ternary mixed gas can be efficiently and stably separated by Pebax/ECPIL membrane for at least 100 h.Overall,this work not only illustrates that PILs with ether-rich and carboxylate hydrogen bonding sites are outstanding materials for simultaneous removal of H_(2)S and CO_(2),but may also provide a novel insight into the design of membrane materials for natural gas upgrading.
基金supported financially by the“Xing Liao Talents Program”Project(No.XLYC1902051)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22076018)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT19LAB10)the Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering,China Ministry of Education,and the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis in DICP(No.N-20-06)。
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are a crucial kind of pollutants in the environment due to their obvious features of severe toxicity,high volatility,and poor degradability.It is particularly urgent to control the emission of VOCs due to the persistent increase of concentration and the stringent regulations.In China,clear directions and requirements for reduction of VOCs have been given in the“national plan on environmental improvement for the 13th Five-Year Plan period”.Therefore,the development of efficient technologies for removal and recovery of VOCs is of great significance.Recovery technologies are favored by researchers due to their advantages in both recycling VOCs and reducing carbon emissions.Among them,adsorption and membrane separation processes have been extensively studied due to their remarkable industrial prospects.This overview was to provide an up-to-date progress of adsorption and membrane separation for removal and recovery of VOCs.Firstly,adsorption and membrane separation were found to be the research hotspots through bibliometric analysis.Then,a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms,factors,and current application statuses was discussed.Finally,the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field were briefly highlighted.
文摘A two-staged membrane separation process for hydrogen recovery from refinery gases is introduced. The principle of the gas membrane separation process and the influence of the operation temperatures are analyzed. As the conventional PID controller is difficult to make the operation temperatures steady, a fuzzy self-tuning PID control algorithm is proposed. The application shows that the algorithm is effective, the operation temperatures of both stages can be controlled steadily, and the operation flexibility and adaptability of the hydrogen recovery unit are enhanced with safety. This study lays a foundation to optimize the control of the membrane separation process and thus ensure the membrane performance.
文摘Membrane technology has found wide applications in the petrochemical industry, mainly in the purification and recovery of the hydrogen resources. Accurate prediction of the membrane separation performance plays an important role in carrying out advanced process control （APC）. For the first time, a soft-sensor model for the membrane separation process has been established based on the radial basis function （RBF） neural networks. The main performance parameters, i.e, permeate hydrogen concentration, permeate gas flux, and residue hydrogen concentration, are estimated quantitatively by measuring the operating temperature, feed-side pressure, permeate-side pressure, residue-side pressure, feed-gas flux, and feed-hydrogen concentration excluding flow structure, membrane parameters, and other compositions. The predicted results can gain the desired effects. The effectiveness of this novel approach lays a foundation for integrating control technology and optimizing the operation of the gas membrane separation process.
基金TheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina (No .2 9836 16 0 )
文摘Membrane separation, a new technology for removing VOCs including pervaporation, vapor permeation, membrane contactor, and membrane bioreactor was presented. Comparing with traditional techniques, these special techniques are an efficient and energy saving technology. Vapor permeation can be applied to recovery of organic solvents from exhaust streams. Membrane contactor could be used for removing or recovering VOCs from air or wastewater. Pervaporation and vapor permeation are viable methods for removing VOCs from wastewater to yield a VOC concentrate which could either be destroyed by conventional means, or be recycled for reuse.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2230081973)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4).
文摘Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.
基金supported by the Foundation Research Project of Kaili University(No.2025ZD007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3801503)the Joint Research Program of Shaoxing University and Shaoxing Institute,Zhejiang University(No.2023LHLG006),China.
文摘The presence of chirality,a fundamental attribute found in nature,is of great significance in the field of pharmaceutical science.Chiral drugs are unique in that their molecular structure is non-superimposable on its mirror image.This stereoisomerism significantly impacts the functionality,metabolic pathway,effectiveness,and safety of chiral medications.The enantiomers of chiral drugs can exhibit diverse pharmacological effects in the human body.As a result,it is essential to separate and purify chiral drugs effectively.Despite the abundance of reports on chiral drug separation membranes,there is a dearth of comprehensive reviews.This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a thorough review from a materials perspective,with a focus on the design and construction of chiral drug separation membranes.Furthermore,it systematically analyzes the separation mechanisms employed by these membranes.The paper also delves into the challenges and prospects related to chiral drug separation membranes,with the intention of imparting valuable insights for further research and development in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271022,No 22378327).
文摘Covalent organic skeletons(COFs)have been widely used in gas separation due to their excellent pore structure,high crystallinity,and high specific surface area.In this work,Dha Tab-COF was synthesized by solvothermal method and filled in polyether block polyamide(PEBAX)to form mixed matrix membranes(MMMs).Various characterization methods such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffractometry(XRD)were used to characterize the structure of Dha Tab-COF as well as the MMMs.The effects of operating pressure,operating temperature and the content of Dha Tab-COF particles on the CO_(2)/CH_(4)separation performance of the membranes were investigated.The best separation performance with a CO_(2)permeability of 295.8 barrer(1 barrer=7.52×10^(-18)m^(3)·(STP)·m^(-2)·m·s^(-1)·Pa^(-1))and a CO_(2)/CH_(4)selectivity of 21.6 was achieved when the Dha Tab-COF content is 2%(mass),which were 45.7%and 108.1%higher than that of the pure PEBAX membrane,respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1932123,12105166,22065017,22163003)the National Science Fund for Outstanding Young Scholars (11722548)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20224BAB214019,20232BAB204024,20232BAB203024)Science and Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(GJJ2201937)。
文摘Sc and Y are key rare earth elements and are widely used in lamp phosphors,lasers and high-performance alloys.However,highly efficient extraction and separation of Sc^(3+) and Y^(3+) is laborious,harmful,slow,and costly,strongly necessitating more efficient extraction and separation techniques.Here,we produced hydrated Sc^(3+)-and hydrated Y^(3+)-controlled graphene oxide(GO) membranes and find that both hydrated cations were completely self-rejected by the membrane.By combining this selfrejection effect of the larger hydrated Y^(3+)-controlled GO membrane and the rapid passage of the membrane through the smaller hydrated Sc^(3+),we proposed a strategy to separate Sc^(3+) and Y^(3+) by using a hydrated Y^(3+)-controlled GO membrane.The experimental results show that the permeation rate of Sc^(3+) exceeds that of Y^(3+) when the separation factor reaches 4.02,which can be attributed to the interlayer sieving effects of the GO membrane.Our finding illustrates the use of a forward osmosis process with a GO membrane for the efficient separation of Sc^(3+) and Y^(3+) by interlayer sieving,which provides a new effective and eco-friendly method for the separation of rare earth elements.
基金supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan(No.202102020219)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51908565)High-level talent research startup project of Chongqing Technology and Business University(No.2356007)。
文摘Membrane-based separation is a promising technology to eliminate water impurities from the oil phase.However,it remains a great challenge to separate water from highly emulsified viscous oil owing to the high stability of the water droplets in oil.Herein we report a surface wettability engineering on an alumina ceramic membrane to achieve an efficient separation of a water-in-oil(W/O)emulsion.Silanes with different carbon chain lengths and fluorinated status were introduced to endow the alumina membrane with different surface wettabilities.While all the modified membranes exhibited excellent separation of the W/O without Span 80(surfactant),the one with amphiphobic wettability and lowest surface energy failed to separate the Span 80 stabilized W/O.The presence of Span 80 reduced the interfacial tension of water droplets,making them easier to deform and penetrate the modified membrane with the lowest surface energy.It reveals that engineering proper surface wettability is the key to separating the oil and water phases.Besides,the modified membranes maintained decent separation performance and stability under long-term run separation of the emulsified W/O.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32102124)the Industry Innovative Service Complex of Huangjiu from Shaoxing City,China.
文摘Yellow rice wine(Huangjiu)is a traditional alcoholic beverage in China.This study aimed to find a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu.Three membranes with different molecular weight cut-offs(200,1000,and 2000 Da)were selected to separate small molecules in Huangjiu,and then the adsorption of four models of weakly basic anion-exchange resins(335,D301,D314,and D354)on the organic acids in the filtered fractions of Huangjiu was investigated.The D354 resin exhibited the highest adsorption rate of 157.74 mg/g and the adsorption of acids was more consistent with the proposed second-order kinetic model.The adsorption capacity of D354 resin decreased with increasing temperature,and the adsorption of D354 resin correlated better with the Freundlich isotherm model.The initial deacidification efficiency of the D354 resin was 91.52% and it decreased by 3.88% after 10 regenerations.After the D354 resin treatment,the total acid content decreased by 56.11%,and the retention rates of amino acids and volatile substances reached 97.96% and 81.93%,respectively.The results showed that D354 resin could be used for the deacidification of Huangjiu.Membrane separation combined with resin adsorption process provides a new method to reduce the acidity of Huangjiu,which helps to maintain the flavor of the deacidified Huangjiu while efficiently reducing the acidity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22408072 and 22208074)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(No.ZDYF2024GXJS300)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.222QN225)。
文摘Coating techniques are efficient routes to modify surface property of composite membranes for enhanced membrane separations.However,it remains challenge to deposit continuous inorganic layers on hollow fiber substrates.This study combines surface segregation with physical vapor deposition(PVD)to construct intensified TiO_(2)layers on polyether sulfone(PES)hollow fiber substrates.During membrane fabrication,polyethylene-polypropylene glycol(F127)is used as surface segregation agent in casting solution,which enables PES hollow fibers with abundant hydroxy groups,thus improving the compatibility between PES and vaporized TiO_(2).The obtained PES/F127@TiO_(2)membranes exhibit tight TiO_(2)layers with tunable thickness,high mechanical strength,narrowed pore size and enhanced hydrophilicity.Moreover,the optimized PES/F127@TiO_(2)membranes show competitive antifouling performances in water treatment,with a water permeability up to 97 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1)and bovine serum albumin(BSA)rejection of~99%.This work is expected to provide a material design idea to deposit functional layers on polymers for fortified performances.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3805300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22125801,22005010).
文摘Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)are widely employed in energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells(FCs),redox flow batteries(RFBs)and PEM water electrolysis(PEMWE).As one of the main components of these devices,a high-performance PEM is always desirable considering the cost challenges from both energy utilization efficiency and production cost.From this century,governments of countries worldwide have introduced PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances)restriction related policies,which facilitate the extensive research on non-fluorinated PEMs.Besides,non-fluorinated PEMs become hot topics of all kinds of PEMs due to the advantages including excellent conductivity,high mechanical property,reduced swelling,low cost and reduced ion permeation of electrochemically active species.In this review,various types of non-fluorinated PEMs including main-chain-type hydrocarbon membranes,microphase separation membranes and membranes with rigid-twisted structure are comprehensively summarized.The basic properties of different types of non-fluorinated PEMs including water uptake,swelling ratio,oxidative stability,tensile strength and conductivity are compared and the corresponding application performance in FCs,RFBs and PEMWE are discussed.The state-of-the-art of the structural design in both monomers and polymers is reviewed for the construction of fast ion transport channels and high resistance of free radical attacks.Also,future challenges and possibilities for the development of non-fluorinated PEMs are comprehensively forecasted.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YF B3802600)National Key Research and Development Project of China(2018YFE0203500)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190603).
文摘Membrane separation technology has been taken up for use in diverse applications such as water treatment,pharmaceutical,petroleum,and energy-related industries.Compared with the design of membrane materials,the innovation of membrane preparation technique is more urgent for the development of membrane separation technology,because it not only affects physicochemical properties and separation performance of the fabricated membranes,but also determines their potential in industrialized application.Among the various membrane preparation methods,spray technique has recently gained increasing attention because of its low cost,rapidity,scalability,minimum of environmental burden,and viability for nearly unlimited range of materials.In this Review article,we summarized and discussed the recent developments in separation membranes using the spray technique,including the fundamentals,important features and applications.The present challenges and future considerations have been touched to provide inspired insights for developing the sprayed separation membranes.
基金This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （973 program, Grant Nos. 2013CB733600 and 2012CB72520）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 21390202 and 21436002）.
文摘Solvent extraction of crude oil from oilseeds is widely applied for its high production capacity and low cost. In this process, solvent recovery and tail gas treatment are usually performed by adsorption, paraffin scrubbing, or even cryogenics （at low tail gas flow rates）. Membrane separation, which has a lower energy consumption than these techniques, spans a broad range of admissible concentrations and flow rates, and is moreover easily combined with other techniques. Vapor recompression has potentials to reduce the heat loss in association with distillation and evaporation. In this study, we proved the possibility of combining membrane separation and vapor recompression to improve the conventional vegetable oil production, by both experiments and process simulation. Nearly 73% of energy can be saved in the process of vegetable oil extraction by the novel processing approach. By further environmental assessment, several impact categories show that the optimized process is environmentally sustainable.
基金the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078107, 22022805)the National Key Research and Development Program (2021YFB3802500)。
文摘During the last decade, metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) have been applied in various fields due to their unique chemical and functional advantages. One of the widespread research hotspots is MOF-based membranes for separations, specifically continuous defect-free MOF membranes, which are usually grown on porous substrates. The substrate not only serves as the MOF layer support but also has a great influence on the membrane fabrication process and the final separation performance of the resultant membrane. In this review, we mainly introduce the progress focused on the substrates for MOF membranes fabrication. The substrate modifications and seeding methods aimed at synthesizing highquality MOF membranes are also summarized systematically.
基金The research was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2018YFD0400304the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System project CARS-40-K25Heilongjiang Province of China Postdoctoral Initial Fund LBH-Q18012.
文摘In order to provide theoretical guidance for separating egg membrane from eggshell by using mechanical agitation,CFD was used to explore the flow characteristics in stirred tank,using the Sliding Grid method to deal with the impeller rotational velocity zone in flow field,and using the Euler model to deal with liquid-solid two-phase flow.This study explored the influence of dish-shape bottom or flat-shape bottom,the clearance size between baffle and the side wall,and the axial height of impeller to bottom on suspension state of particles,solids holdup distribution,solid phase velocity and power number by CFD.Simulation results showed that better particles suspension effect in dish-shape tank can reduce particles accumulation at the bottom and power consumption.If there was a small clearance size(S)between the baffle and the side wall of the stirred tank,it would reduce particles accumulation at the bottom,and reduce the power consumption.However,too large S would decrease the suspension height of particles,not only cannot strengthen the main flow,but also lead to most fluid through clearance forming tangential flow,simulation results showed that S=6 mm was perfect.While decreased axial height of impeller(C)to bottom,particles accumulation at the bottom was decreased,but power consumption would increase,simulation results showed that C=H/5(H is height of liquid surface)was perfect.According to the simulation results,the structure of the stirring tank was optimized.At the same time,the influences of stirring rotational velocity,stirring time,solid-liquid ratio and separating medium temperature on egg membrane recovery were also studied by experiment,and optimal parameter combination of factors was obtained.The experiment results showed while the stirring time was 17.1 min,stirring rotational velocity was 350 r/min,solid-liquid ratio was 1:17 g/mL,the separating medium temperature was 32℃,the membrane recovery rate can reach above 89%.The device improves the recovery and utilization of discarded eggshell,and provides a reference for the solid-liquid two-phase flow and related study.
基金Zhejiang University,the research grant from the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-19T04)the funding support from the Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou(IZQ2019-KJ-011)Junjie Zhao also acknowledges the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908194 and 21938011).
文摘Sustainable processes for purifying water,capturing carbon,producing biofuels,operating fuel cells,and performing energy-efficient industrial separations will require next-generation membranes.Solvent-less fabrication for membranes not only eliminates potential environmental issues with organic solvents,but also solves the swelling problems that occur with delicate polymer substrates.Furthermore,the activation procedures often required for synthesizing microporous materials such as metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)can be reduced when solvent-less vapor-phase approaches are employed.This perspective covers several vacuum deposition processes,including initiated chemical vapor deposition(iCVD),initiated plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition(iPECVD),solvent-less vapor deposition followed by in situ polymerization(SLIP),atomic layer deposition(ALD),and molecular layer deposition(MLD).These solvent-less vapor-phase methods are powerful in creating ultrathin selective layers for thin-film composite membranes and advantageous in conformally coating nanoscale pores for the precise modification of pore size and internal functionalities.The resulting membranes have shown promising performance for gas separation,nanofiltration,desalination,and water/oil separation.Further development of novel membrane materials and the scaling up of high-throughput reactors for solvent-less vapor-phase processes are necessary in order to make a real impact on the chemical industry in the future.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB3802500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022805 and 22078107)supported by State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering(2022PY04)and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022ZYGXZR010).
文摘Transport channels with ultrahigh K^(+)selectivity over other ions play a crucial role for living beings,but constructing ionic channels with promising K^(+)selectivity and permeability remains a challenge.Here,an asymmetric bilayer membrane based on MXene(Ti 3C2Tx)lamellar channels consisting of a recognition layer(RL)on top of an enhancement layer(EL)exhibits an amazing Matthew effect:amplification of the preferred transport of K^(+),resulting in an excellent K^(+)-separation performance.The K^(+)ion is selected by the 1-aza-18-crown-6 ether-modified RL,owing to preferential affinity energy,and then rapidly trans-ported as a hydrated ion through the EL,based on the confinement effect.Other undesired ions such as Na^(+)are hindered from entering the RL by the preferred K^(+)occupation of the crown ether.The MXene(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))-based Matthew membrane presents high K^(+)-permeation rates of 0.1-0.2 mol∙m2∙h1,with a significant K^(+)/Na^(+)selectivity of 5-9.The molecular separation mechanism of the Matthew membrane is investigated deeply to explore the nature of the Matthew amplification effect on K^(+)sieving,where the precise matching of the RL and EL within the membrane governs the fast K^(+)permeation with good selectivity.The asymmetric structure of our Matthew membrane is the key to understanding the biolog-ical function of ion channels for precise and fast ion transport,which will guide us in the creation of arti-ficial ion channels or membranes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21406006,21576003)the Science and Technology Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM201510005010)+1 种基金the Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions(CIT&TCD20150309)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2015M580954)
文摘The separation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures is a significant process in chemical industry, but challenged in some cases. Compared with conventional separation technologies, pervaporation is quite promising in terms of its economical, energy-saving, and eco-friendly advantages. However, this technique has not been used in industry for separating aromatic/aliphatic mixtures yet. One of the main reasons is that the separation performance of existed pervaporation membranes is unsatisfactory. Membrane material is an important factor that affects the separation performance. This review provides an overview on the advances in studying membrane materials for the pervaporation separation of aromatic/aliphatic mixtures over the past decade. Explored pristine polymers and their hybrid materials(as hybrid membranes) are summarized to highlight their nature and separation performance. We anticipate that this review could provide some guidance in the development of new materials for the aromatic/aliphatic pervaporation separation.
