Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) has been developed for nearly 70 years,and it is the main technology to treat cardiopulmonary failure and continue to maintain life.As the core component of the ECMO system,th...Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) has been developed for nearly 70 years,and it is the main technology to treat cardiopulmonary failure and continue to maintain life.As the core component of the ECMO system,the gas exchange membrane possesses low gas permeability and plasma leakage at present.In addition,the membrane material exists low blood compatibility,causing the formation of thrombosis.Therefore,the membrane material with high gas permeability and blood compatibility are urgently needed.This paper summarizes the membrane development process,preparation method,and modification method.It provides a new idea for the preparation and coating modification as artificial lung membrane.展开更多
Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers(AEMWEs)and fuel cells(AEMFCs)are critical technologies for converting renewable resources into green hydrogen(H_(2)),where anion-exchange membranes(AEMs)play a vital role in...Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers(AEMWEs)and fuel cells(AEMFCs)are critical technologies for converting renewable resources into green hydrogen(H_(2)),where anion-exchange membranes(AEMs)play a vital role in efficiently transporting hydroxide ions(OH^(-))and minimizing fuel crossover,thus enhancing overall efficiency.While conventional AEMs with linear,side-chain,and block polymer architectures show promise through functionalization,their long-term performance remains a concern.To address this,hyperbranched polymers offer a promising alternative due to their three-dimensional structure,higher terminal functionality,and ease of functionalization.This unique architecture provides interconnected ion transport pathways,fractional free volume,and enhanced long-term stability in alkaline environments.Recent studies have achieved conductivities as high as 304.5 mS cm^(-1),attributed to their improved fractional free volume and microphase separation in hyperbranched AEMs.This review explores the chemical,mechanical,and ionic properties of hyperbranched AEMs in AEMFCs and assesses their potential for application in AEMWEs.Strategies such as blending and structural functionalisation have significantly improved the properties by promoting microphase separation and increasing the density of cationic groups on the polymer surface.The review provides essential insights for future research,highlighting the challenges and opportunities in developing high-performance hyperbranched AEMs to advance hydrogen energy infrastructure.展开更多
The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency...The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency in removing suspended particles,organic substances,and contaminants from wastewater,leading to the production of high-quality treated effluent.It is crucial to achieve efficient POME treatment with minimum fouling through membrane advancement to ensure the sustainability for large-scale applications.This article comprehensively analyses the latest advancements in membrane technology for the treatment of POME.A wide range of membrane types including forward osmosis,microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis,membrane bioreactor,photocatalytic membrane reactor,and their combinations is discussed in terms of the innovative design,treatment efficiencies and antifouling properties.The strategies for antifouling membranes such as self-healing and self-cleaning membranes are discussed.In addition to discussing the obstacles that impede the broad implementation of novel membrane tech nologies in POME treatment,the article concludes by delineating potential avenues for future research and policy considerations.The understanding and insights are expected to enhance the application ofmembrane-basedmethods in order to treat POME more efficiently;this will be instrumental in the reduction of environmental pollution.展开更多
Membrane filtration technology has been widely utilized for microalgae harvesting due to its stability and high efficiency.However,this technology faces challenges posed by membrane fouling caused by algal cells and e...Membrane filtration technology has been widely utilized for microalgae harvesting due to its stability and high efficiency.However,this technology faces challenges posed by membrane fouling caused by algal cells and extracellular organic matter(EOM),which are significantly influenced by membrane material and pore size.This study compared the fouling behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membranes and ceramic membranes with similar pore sizes(0.20 mm and 0.16 mm,respectively)during the filtration of Microcystis aeruginosa.The ceramic membrane exhibited a lower transmembrane pressure(TMP)growth rate and reduced accumulation of surface foulants compared to the PVDF membrane,indicating its greater suitability for filtering algae-laden water.Further investigations employed membranes fabricated from aluminum oxide powders with grain sizes of 1 mm,3 mm,8 mm,and 10 mm,corresponding to membrane pore sizes of 0.08 mm,0.16 mm,0.66 mm,and 0.76 mm,respectively,to assess the impact of pore size on ceramic membrane fouling.The results revealed that increasing membrane pore size significantly lowered the TMP growth rate and reduced the irreversibility of membrane fouling.The extended DerjaguineLandaueVerweyeOverbeek(XDLVO)analysis indicated that large pore sizes enhanced repulsion between the ceramic membrane and algal foulants,further alleviating membrane fouling.This investigation offers new insights into optimizing membrane material and pore size for efficient filtration of algae-laden water.展开更多
Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with th...Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with the market capacity,a tremendous rise in the amount of end-of-life(EoL)membranes is inevitable.In 2022,the global records of EoL membranes reached 35,000 tons.Recycling and resource utilization of EoL membranes is a viable option and hold significant promises for energy conservation and carbon neutralization.The present work provides an extensive overview of the latest progress in the field in relation with the prominent application cases.Furthermore,the avenues for the contributions of membrane recycling treatment technology within the framework of“carbon neutrality”are discussed with emphasis on permeability,pollutant interception capacity,and other relevant factors associated with the recycled membranes.This review strives to summarize the recycling and efficient utilization of EoL membranes,aiming at providing technical support to reduce operational costs and promote the low-carbon development of membrane technology.展开更多
Hydrophilicity is critical in Nafion membranes during fuel cell operation as insufficient membrane hydration leads to brittle behavior and a drop in proton conductivity.The incorporation of APTS(3-(aminopro pyl)trieth...Hydrophilicity is critical in Nafion membranes during fuel cell operation as insufficient membrane hydration leads to brittle behavior and a drop in proton conductivity.The incorporation of APTS(3-(aminopro pyl)triethoxysilane)into exfoliated graphene oxide(EGO)by covalent functionalization to be used as filler into Nafion membranes allows higher hydrophilicity for these membranes.This is associated with promoting hydroxyl,carbonyl,siloxane,silane,and amine groups within the EGO-APTS matrix.The incorporation of these materials as Fuel Cell MEAs leads to a significant reduction of the ohmic resistance measured at high frequency resistance(HFR)in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)experiments and achieves maximum power densities of 1.33 W cm^(-2)at 60℃ at 100%RH(APTS-EGO,0.2 wt%)and1.33 W cm^(-2)at 60℃ at 70%RH(APTS-EGO,0.3 wt%),which represents an improvement of 190%compared to the commercial Nafion 212 when utilizing low humidification conditions(70%).Moreover,the as-synthesized membrane utilizes lower Nafion ionomer mass,which,in conjunction with the excellent cell performance,has the potential to decrease the cost of the membrane from 87 to 80￡/W as well as a reduction of fluorinated compounds within the membrane.展开更多
This article comments on the research by Zhang et al on the role of advanced heart failure and transplant teams in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)management.The study by Zhang et al indicates that direct adv...This article comments on the research by Zhang et al on the role of advanced heart failure and transplant teams in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)management.The study by Zhang et al indicates that direct advanced heart failure and transplant involvement improves survival in ECMO patients,especially those on veno-arterial ECMO.However,the optimal approach varies due to multiple factors.This article discusses the clinical implications,research design limitations,and future directions to enhance ECMO care.展开更多
Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can ...Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.展开更多
Dear Editor,Descemet’s membrane detachment(DMD)is considered as a potential sight-threatening complication following various intraocular surgeries,particularly cataract surgery[1].The labile adhesion between the Desc...Dear Editor,Descemet’s membrane detachment(DMD)is considered as a potential sight-threatening complication following various intraocular surgeries,particularly cataract surgery[1].The labile adhesion between the Descemet’s membrane(DM)and the posterior corneal stromal layer can be easily separated with minimal mechanical force.Several risk factors have been associated with the development of DMD including old age,improper intraoperative operation,corneal ectatic disorders,and endothelial disorders and so on[1-4].展开更多
Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltr...Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.展开更多
Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longr...Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.展开更多
As part of sewage treatment,coagulation could remove phosphorus from the effluent of the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-Anoxic(A^(2)OA)biological process.The importance in investigating the influence of coagulation on Anaerobi...As part of sewage treatment,coagulation could remove phosphorus from the effluent of the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-Anoxic(A^(2)OA)biological process.The importance in investigating the influence of coagulation on Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-Anoxic Membrane Bioreactor(A^(2)OA-MBR)should be emphasized.In this study,systematic optimization of coagulation parameters for greater pollutant removal was conducted in terms of coagulant dosage,coagulation residence time and stirring hydraulic conditions.Coagulation process could remarkably remove turbidity,phosphorus,chemical oxygen demand,humic-like,protein-like and polysaccharide-like substances from secondary effluent and A^(2)OA sludge-liquid mixture.Furthermore,the influence of coagulation on membrane fouling development during the ultrafiltration of secondary effluent and A^(2)OA sludge-liquid mixture was investigated based on optimum coagulation parameters.Coagulation simultaneously reduced reversible membrane fouling and the irreversible one by 86%and 16%,respectively.According to excitation-emission matrix and attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectra,membrane fouling was primarily influenced by the cake layer,although pore fouling might be aggravated by A^(2)OA processes.Besides,the feasibility of coagulation-assisted A^(2)OA-MBRwas also assessed using hollowfibermembranes.It exhibited excellent potential in alleviatingmembrane fouling,while regular cleaning twice a day was not enough to suppress transmembrane pressure increase during direct domestic wastewater ultrafiltration.Additionally,both polysaccharide-like and protein-like foulants were vital components for membrane fouling during wastewater treatment.展开更多
The repair of the periodontal membrane is essential for the successful management of periodontal disease and dental trauma.Emdogain®(EMD)is widely used in periodontal therapy due to its ability to promote repair....The repair of the periodontal membrane is essential for the successful management of periodontal disease and dental trauma.Emdogain®(EMD)is widely used in periodontal therapy due to its ability to promote repair.Despite substantial research,the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EMD’s effects,particularly at the single-cell resolution,remain incompletely understood.This study established a delayed tooth replantation model in rats to investigate these aspects.Tooth loss rate and degree of loosening were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks.Micro-CT,HE staining,TRAP staining,and immunofluorescence staining were evaluated to assess EMD’s efficacy.Single-cell sequencing analyses generated single-cell maps that explored enrichment pathways,cell communication,and potential repair mechanisms.Findings indicated that EMD could reduce the rate of tooth loss,promote periodontal membrane repair,and reduce root and bone resorption.Single-cell analysis revealed that EMD promotes the importance of Vtn+fibroblasts,enhancing matrix and tissue regeneration functions.Additionally,EMD stimulated osteogenic pathways,reduced osteoclastic activity,and promoted angiogenesis-related pathways,particularly bone-related H-type vessel expression in endothelial cells.Gene modules associated with angiogenesis,osteogenesis,and odontoblast differentiation were identified,suggesting EMD might facilitate osteogenesis and odontoblast differentiation by upregulating endothelium-related genes.Immune cell analysis indicated that EMD did not elicit a significant immune response.Cell communication analysis suggested that EMD fostered pro-regenerative networks driven by interactions between mesenchymal stem cells,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells.In conclusion,EMD proves to be an effective root surface therapy agent that supports the restoration of delayed replantation teeth.展开更多
An innovative strategy was proposed by integration of membrane contactor(MC)with biphasic solvent for efficient CO_(2) capture from flue gas.The accessible fly ash-based ceramic membrane(CM)underwent hydrophobic modif...An innovative strategy was proposed by integration of membrane contactor(MC)with biphasic solvent for efficient CO_(2) capture from flue gas.The accessible fly ash-based ceramic membrane(CM)underwent hydrophobic modification through silane grafting,followed by fluoroalkylsilane decoration,to prepare the superhydrophobic membrane(CSCM).The CSCM significantly improved resistance to wetting by the biphasic solvent,consisting of amine(DETA)and sulfolane(TMS).Morphological characterizations and chemical analysis revealed the notable enhancements in pore structure and hydrophobic chemical groups for the modified membrane.Predictions of wetting/bubbling behavior based on static wetting theory referred the liquid entry pressure(LEP)of CSCM increased by 20 kPa compared to pristine CM.Compared with traditional amine solvents,the biphasic solvent presented the expected phase separation.Performance experiments demonstrated that the CO_(2) capture efficiency of the biphasic solvent increased by 7%,and the electrical energy required for desorption decreased by 32%.The 60-h continuous testing and supplemental characterization of used membrane confirmed the excellent adaptability and durability of the CSCMs.This study provides a potential approach for accessing hydrophobic ceramic membranes and biphasic solvents for industrial CO_(2) capture.展开更多
Membrane fouling remains the primary economic barrier to the widespread implementation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite the fact that they lead to the production of high-quality effluent. Operational conditions...Membrane fouling remains the primary economic barrier to the widespread implementation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite the fact that they lead to the production of high-quality effluent. Operational conditions are critical factors influencing membrane fouling. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous impacts of temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) variations on membrane fouling. Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (18°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and HRTs (6 h, 9 h, and 15 h). The results demonstrated that increases in both temperature and HRT contributed to a reduction in membrane fouling. Additionally, a positive interaction between temperature and HRT was observed in the linear slope variation of membrane permeation, with temperature variations exerting a greater influence on membrane fouling than HRT variations. Fouling factor analysis revealed that increases in temperature and HRT led to decreased concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly carbohydrates, in the activated sludge. Analyses of the cake layer of the membrane indicated that increasing temperature and HRT reduced EPS levels, particularly polysaccharides and proteins;altered primary protein structure;and increased the mean particle size distribution. Ultimately, these changes led to reductions in both reversible and irreversible hydraulic resistances. This study highlights the importance of optimizing operational parameters such as temperature and HRT to enhance membrane performance and treatment efficiency in MBR systems while mitigating fouling.展开更多
Membrane fouling is the primary resistance to the continuous production of stirred membrane reactors.This work presents a laser-enhanced high-magnification telecentric imaging system(LEHTIS),which uses a high-magnific...Membrane fouling is the primary resistance to the continuous production of stirred membrane reactors.This work presents a laser-enhanced high-magnification telecentric imaging system(LEHTIS),which uses a high-magnification telecentric lens and laser-enhanced illumination to invasively capture the motion of particles on the membrane surface or near the membrane.The problems of working distance and particle interference in the stirred membrane reactor are solved to achieve the purpose of in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling.This method is suitable for high flow rates,high solid holdup,and small particle size systems,and the dynamic motion and accumulation of particles are preliminarily analyzed.It shows that the accumulation and desorption of particles on the membrane surface are related to the physical properties of the membrane surface.There is an intermittent rotational movement in the flow field near the membrane,and it tends to stabilize over time.The filtration process can be assessed by monitoring changes in the overall velocity and acceleration of particles near the membrane.The analysis of forces acting on individual particles is compared and validated with the force balance model to correct and accurately apply it to stirred membrane reactors.The development of LEHTIS provides an effective tool for in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling and optimizing the stirred membrane reactors for industrial applications.展开更多
A tumor cell membrane(CM)-based biomimetic membrane tumor vaccine is an emerging prevention and treatment strategy in tumor immunotherapy.However,a single CM mostly has a weak immune-boosting effect.Here,a heterogenic...A tumor cell membrane(CM)-based biomimetic membrane tumor vaccine is an emerging prevention and treatment strategy in tumor immunotherapy.However,a single CM mostly has a weak immune-boosting effect.Here,a heterogenic fusion membrane tumor vaccine,EV–CM,was successfully constructed by fusing extracellular vesicles(EVs)from S.aureus and CM from B16F10 melanoma cells.Inheriting the advantages of parental components,the EV–CM combines tumor antigens with natural adjuvants that can be used for immunotherapy and can be easily synergistic with complementary therapies.In vivo vaccine tests have shown that EV–CM can activate immune antitumor responses and prevent tumorigenesis.To further enhance the immunotherapeutic and antimetastatic effects of EV–CM,Pt-porphyrin coordination polymer as an immunopotentiator(CPIP)was implanted into an EV–CM nanoplatform(CPIP@EV–CM),which combines localized sonodynamic/chemodynamic therapy-induced immunogenic cell death with heterogenic fusion membrane-mediated antigen-presenting functions.In vitro performance tests,cell experiments,and in vivo animal models have confirmed that the CPIP@EV–CM combined with US has better ROS production,tumor cell killing,and antimetastasis abilities.The heterogenic fusion membrane strategy and ultrasound-augmented nanoplatform present exciting prospects for designing tumor-immunogenic,self-adjuvant,and expandable vaccines,providing new ideas for exploring new melanoma immunotherapy and antimetastasis strategies,which is expected to be used as a safe and effective treatment in clinical practice.展开更多
Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)are widely employed in energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells(FCs),redox flow batteries(RFBs)and PEM water electrolysis(PEMWE).As one of the main components of these ...Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)are widely employed in energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells(FCs),redox flow batteries(RFBs)and PEM water electrolysis(PEMWE).As one of the main components of these devices,a high-performance PEM is always desirable considering the cost challenges from both energy utilization efficiency and production cost.From this century,governments of countries worldwide have introduced PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances)restriction related policies,which facilitate the extensive research on non-fluorinated PEMs.Besides,non-fluorinated PEMs become hot topics of all kinds of PEMs due to the advantages including excellent conductivity,high mechanical property,reduced swelling,low cost and reduced ion permeation of electrochemically active species.In this review,various types of non-fluorinated PEMs including main-chain-type hydrocarbon membranes,microphase separation membranes and membranes with rigid-twisted structure are comprehensively summarized.The basic properties of different types of non-fluorinated PEMs including water uptake,swelling ratio,oxidative stability,tensile strength and conductivity are compared and the corresponding application performance in FCs,RFBs and PEMWE are discussed.The state-of-the-art of the structural design in both monomers and polymers is reviewed for the construction of fast ion transport channels and high resistance of free radical attacks.Also,future challenges and possibilities for the development of non-fluorinated PEMs are comprehensively forecasted.展开更多
Although the powder Fenton-like catalysts have exhibited high catalytic performances towards pollutant degradation,they cannot be directly used for Fenton-like industrialization considering the problems of loss and re...Although the powder Fenton-like catalysts have exhibited high catalytic performances towards pollutant degradation,they cannot be directly used for Fenton-like industrialization considering the problems of loss and recovery.Therefore,the membrane fixation of catalyst is an important step to realize the actual application of Fenton-like catalysts.In this work,an efficient catalyst was developed with Co-N_(x)configuration facilely reconstructed on the surface of Co_(3)O_(4)(Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)),which exhibited superior catalytic activity.We further fixed the highly efficient Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)onto three kinds of organic membranes and one kind of inorganic ceramic membrane installing with the residual PMS treatment device to investigate its catalytic stability and sustainability.Results indicated that the inorganic ceramic membrane(CM)can achieve high water flux of 710 L m-2h-1,and the similar water flux can be achieved by Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM even without the pressure extraction.We also employed the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system to the wastewater secondary effluent,and the pollutant in complicated secondary effluent could be highly removed by the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system.This paper provides a new point of view for the application of metal-based catalysts with M-N_(x)coordination in catalytic reaction device.展开更多
Membrane fouling is a persistent challenge in membrane-based technologies,significantly impacting efficiency,operational costs,and system lifespan in applications like water treatment,desalination,and industrial proce...Membrane fouling is a persistent challenge in membrane-based technologies,significantly impacting efficiency,operational costs,and system lifespan in applications like water treatment,desalination,and industrial processing.Foul-ing,caused by the accumulation of particulates,organic compounds,and microorganisms,leads to reduced permeability,increased energy demands,and frequent maintenance.Traditional fouling control approaches,relying on empirical models and reactive strategies,often fail to address these issues efficiently.In this context,artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)have emerged as innovative tools offering predictive and proactive solutions for fouling man-agement.By utilizing historical and real-time data,AI/ML techniques such as artificial neural networks,support vector machines,and ensemble models enable accurate prediction of fouling onset,identification of fouling mechanisms,and optimization of control measures.This review provides a detailed examination of the integration of AI/ML in membrane fouling prediction and mitigation,discussing advanced algorithms,the role of sensor-based monitoring,and the importance of robust datasets in enhancing predictive accuracy.Case studies highlighting successful AI/ML applications across various membrane processes are presented,demonstrating their transformative potential in improving system performance.Emerging trends,such as hybrid modeling and IoT-enabled smart systems,are explored,alongside a criti-cal analysis of research gaps and opportunities.This review emphasizes AI/ML as a cornerstone for sustainable,cost-effective membrane operations.展开更多
基金the support of this work by State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment,Tsinghua University(61012205321)。
文摘Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) has been developed for nearly 70 years,and it is the main technology to treat cardiopulmonary failure and continue to maintain life.As the core component of the ECMO system,the gas exchange membrane possesses low gas permeability and plasma leakage at present.In addition,the membrane material exists low blood compatibility,causing the formation of thrombosis.Therefore,the membrane material with high gas permeability and blood compatibility are urgently needed.This paper summarizes the membrane development process,preparation method,and modification method.It provides a new idea for the preparation and coating modification as artificial lung membrane.
基金UKRI financial support under grant number EP/Y026098/1 for Global Hydrogen Production Technologies(HyPT)Center。
文摘Anion-exchange membrane water electrolysers(AEMWEs)and fuel cells(AEMFCs)are critical technologies for converting renewable resources into green hydrogen(H_(2)),where anion-exchange membranes(AEMs)play a vital role in efficiently transporting hydroxide ions(OH^(-))and minimizing fuel crossover,thus enhancing overall efficiency.While conventional AEMs with linear,side-chain,and block polymer architectures show promise through functionalization,their long-term performance remains a concern.To address this,hyperbranched polymers offer a promising alternative due to their three-dimensional structure,higher terminal functionality,and ease of functionalization.This unique architecture provides interconnected ion transport pathways,fractional free volume,and enhanced long-term stability in alkaline environments.Recent studies have achieved conductivities as high as 304.5 mS cm^(-1),attributed to their improved fractional free volume and microphase separation in hyperbranched AEMs.This review explores the chemical,mechanical,and ionic properties of hyperbranched AEMs in AEMFCs and assesses their potential for application in AEMWEs.Strategies such as blending and structural functionalisation have significantly improved the properties by promoting microphase separation and increasing the density of cationic groups on the polymer surface.The review provides essential insights for future research,highlighting the challenges and opportunities in developing high-performance hyperbranched AEMs to advance hydrogen energy infrastructure.
基金financial support from SATREPS project(vote number:R.J130000.7801.4L977)KPM-UTM Grant(vote number:R.J130000.7301.4L997).
文摘The treatment of POME related contamination is complicated due to its high organic contents and complex composition.Membrane technology is a prominent method for removing POME contaminants on account of its efficiency in removing suspended particles,organic substances,and contaminants from wastewater,leading to the production of high-quality treated effluent.It is crucial to achieve efficient POME treatment with minimum fouling through membrane advancement to ensure the sustainability for large-scale applications.This article comprehensively analyses the latest advancements in membrane technology for the treatment of POME.A wide range of membrane types including forward osmosis,microfiltration,ultrafiltration,nanofiltration,reverse osmosis,membrane bioreactor,photocatalytic membrane reactor,and their combinations is discussed in terms of the innovative design,treatment efficiencies and antifouling properties.The strategies for antifouling membranes such as self-healing and self-cleaning membranes are discussed.In addition to discussing the obstacles that impede the broad implementation of novel membrane tech nologies in POME treatment,the article concludes by delineating potential avenues for future research and policy considerations.The understanding and insights are expected to enhance the application ofmembrane-basedmethods in order to treat POME more efficiently;this will be instrumental in the reduction of environmental pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52370035)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2023202064)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M750717).
文摘Membrane filtration technology has been widely utilized for microalgae harvesting due to its stability and high efficiency.However,this technology faces challenges posed by membrane fouling caused by algal cells and extracellular organic matter(EOM),which are significantly influenced by membrane material and pore size.This study compared the fouling behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)membranes and ceramic membranes with similar pore sizes(0.20 mm and 0.16 mm,respectively)during the filtration of Microcystis aeruginosa.The ceramic membrane exhibited a lower transmembrane pressure(TMP)growth rate and reduced accumulation of surface foulants compared to the PVDF membrane,indicating its greater suitability for filtering algae-laden water.Further investigations employed membranes fabricated from aluminum oxide powders with grain sizes of 1 mm,3 mm,8 mm,and 10 mm,corresponding to membrane pore sizes of 0.08 mm,0.16 mm,0.66 mm,and 0.76 mm,respectively,to assess the impact of pore size on ceramic membrane fouling.The results revealed that increasing membrane pore size significantly lowered the TMP growth rate and reduced the irreversibility of membrane fouling.The extended DerjaguineLandaueVerweyeOverbeek(XDLVO)analysis indicated that large pore sizes enhanced repulsion between the ceramic membrane and algal foulants,further alleviating membrane fouling.This investigation offers new insights into optimizing membrane material and pore size for efficient filtration of algae-laden water.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52322001,52070183,and 52330001)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0113800)the Excellent Member of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y2023010).
文摘Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with the market capacity,a tremendous rise in the amount of end-of-life(EoL)membranes is inevitable.In 2022,the global records of EoL membranes reached 35,000 tons.Recycling and resource utilization of EoL membranes is a viable option and hold significant promises for energy conservation and carbon neutralization.The present work provides an extensive overview of the latest progress in the field in relation with the prominent application cases.Furthermore,the avenues for the contributions of membrane recycling treatment technology within the framework of“carbon neutrality”are discussed with emphasis on permeability,pollutant interception capacity,and other relevant factors associated with the recycled membranes.This review strives to summarize the recycling and efficient utilization of EoL membranes,aiming at providing technical support to reduce operational costs and promote the low-carbon development of membrane technology.
基金financially supported by the UK Research Council EPRSC EP/W03395X/1the Program grant SynHiSel EP/V047078/1the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Hub(H_(2)FC SUPERGEN)EP/P024807/1。
文摘Hydrophilicity is critical in Nafion membranes during fuel cell operation as insufficient membrane hydration leads to brittle behavior and a drop in proton conductivity.The incorporation of APTS(3-(aminopro pyl)triethoxysilane)into exfoliated graphene oxide(EGO)by covalent functionalization to be used as filler into Nafion membranes allows higher hydrophilicity for these membranes.This is associated with promoting hydroxyl,carbonyl,siloxane,silane,and amine groups within the EGO-APTS matrix.The incorporation of these materials as Fuel Cell MEAs leads to a significant reduction of the ohmic resistance measured at high frequency resistance(HFR)in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)experiments and achieves maximum power densities of 1.33 W cm^(-2)at 60℃ at 100%RH(APTS-EGO,0.2 wt%)and1.33 W cm^(-2)at 60℃ at 70%RH(APTS-EGO,0.3 wt%),which represents an improvement of 190%compared to the commercial Nafion 212 when utilizing low humidification conditions(70%).Moreover,the as-synthesized membrane utilizes lower Nafion ionomer mass,which,in conjunction with the excellent cell performance,has the potential to decrease the cost of the membrane from 87 to 80￡/W as well as a reduction of fluorinated compounds within the membrane.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82200353Jiangsu Province Double Innovation Doctoral Program,No.JSSCBS20221948+3 种基金Suzhou Gusu Health Talent Program,No.(2022)043Suzhou Gusu Health Talent Plan Talent Research Project,No.GSWS2022014Jiangsu Province College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project,No.202410285087Zand“Boxi”Talent Casting Plan of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University。
文摘This article comments on the research by Zhang et al on the role of advanced heart failure and transplant teams in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)management.The study by Zhang et al indicates that direct advanced heart failure and transplant involvement improves survival in ECMO patients,especially those on veno-arterial ECMO.However,the optimal approach varies due to multiple factors.This article discusses the clinical implications,research design limitations,and future directions to enhance ECMO care.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278023,22208010)S&T Program of Hebei(24464301D)SINOPEC Group(24-ZS-0447).
文摘Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2024J011318No.2024J011321)Fuzhou Science and Technology Program(No.2023-S-005).
文摘Dear Editor,Descemet’s membrane detachment(DMD)is considered as a potential sight-threatening complication following various intraocular surgeries,particularly cataract surgery[1].The labile adhesion between the Descemet’s membrane(DM)and the posterior corneal stromal layer can be easily separated with minimal mechanical force.Several risk factors have been associated with the development of DMD including old age,improper intraoperative operation,corneal ectatic disorders,and endothelial disorders and so on[1-4].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2230081973)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4).
文摘Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52173091,62101391。
文摘Developing low-cost and high-performance nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications is a promising solution to energy depletion.Due to the high specific surface area and one-dimensional longrange continuous structure of the nanofiber,ion-charged groups can be induced to form long-range continuous ion transfer channels in the nanofiber composite membrane,significantly increasing the ion conductivity of the membrane.This review stands apart from previous endeavors by offering a comprehensive overview of the strategies employed over the past decade in utilizing both electrospun and natural nanofibers as key components of proton exchange membranes and anion exchange membranes for fuel cells.Electrospun nanofibers are categorized based on their material properties into two primary groups:(1)ionomer nanofibers,inherently endowed with the ability to conduct H+(such as perfluorosulfonic acid or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone))or OH-(e.g.,FAA-3),and(2)nonionic polymer nanofibers,comprising inert polymers like polyvinylidene difluoride,polytetrafluoroethylene,and polyacrylonitrile.Notably,the latter often necessitates surface modifications to impart ion transport channels,given their inherent proton inertness.Furthermore,this review delves into the recent progress made with three natural nanofibers derived from biodegradable cellulose—cellulose nanocrystals,cellulose nanofibers,and bacterial nanofibers—as crucial elements in polyelectrolyte membranes.The effect of the physical structure of such nanofibers on polyelectrolyte membrane properties is also briefly discussed.Lastly,the review emphasizes the challenges and outlines potential solutions for future research in the field of nanofiber-based polyelectrolyte membranes,aiming to propel the development of high-performance polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52170070,52400022 and 52200088)the Youth S&T Talent Support Programme of Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology(GDSTA)(No.SKXRC202406)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740754)“One hundred Youth”Science and Technology Plan,Guangdong University of Technology,China(No.263113906).
文摘As part of sewage treatment,coagulation could remove phosphorus from the effluent of the Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-Anoxic(A^(2)OA)biological process.The importance in investigating the influence of coagulation on Anaerobic-Anoxic-Oxic-Anoxic Membrane Bioreactor(A^(2)OA-MBR)should be emphasized.In this study,systematic optimization of coagulation parameters for greater pollutant removal was conducted in terms of coagulant dosage,coagulation residence time and stirring hydraulic conditions.Coagulation process could remarkably remove turbidity,phosphorus,chemical oxygen demand,humic-like,protein-like and polysaccharide-like substances from secondary effluent and A^(2)OA sludge-liquid mixture.Furthermore,the influence of coagulation on membrane fouling development during the ultrafiltration of secondary effluent and A^(2)OA sludge-liquid mixture was investigated based on optimum coagulation parameters.Coagulation simultaneously reduced reversible membrane fouling and the irreversible one by 86%and 16%,respectively.According to excitation-emission matrix and attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectra,membrane fouling was primarily influenced by the cake layer,although pore fouling might be aggravated by A^(2)OA processes.Besides,the feasibility of coagulation-assisted A^(2)OA-MBRwas also assessed using hollowfibermembranes.It exhibited excellent potential in alleviatingmembrane fouling,while regular cleaning twice a day was not enough to suppress transmembrane pressure increase during direct domestic wastewater ultrafiltration.Additionally,both polysaccharide-like and protein-like foulants were vital components for membrane fouling during wastewater treatment.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20314,82470988,32070826)National Key R&D of Program of China(2022YFC2504201)+2 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2023NSCQJQX0006)Science and Technology Research Project of Chongqing Education Commission(KJQN202200471)CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine(W0075).
文摘The repair of the periodontal membrane is essential for the successful management of periodontal disease and dental trauma.Emdogain®(EMD)is widely used in periodontal therapy due to its ability to promote repair.Despite substantial research,the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying EMD’s effects,particularly at the single-cell resolution,remain incompletely understood.This study established a delayed tooth replantation model in rats to investigate these aspects.Tooth loss rate and degree of loosening were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks.Micro-CT,HE staining,TRAP staining,and immunofluorescence staining were evaluated to assess EMD’s efficacy.Single-cell sequencing analyses generated single-cell maps that explored enrichment pathways,cell communication,and potential repair mechanisms.Findings indicated that EMD could reduce the rate of tooth loss,promote periodontal membrane repair,and reduce root and bone resorption.Single-cell analysis revealed that EMD promotes the importance of Vtn+fibroblasts,enhancing matrix and tissue regeneration functions.Additionally,EMD stimulated osteogenic pathways,reduced osteoclastic activity,and promoted angiogenesis-related pathways,particularly bone-related H-type vessel expression in endothelial cells.Gene modules associated with angiogenesis,osteogenesis,and odontoblast differentiation were identified,suggesting EMD might facilitate osteogenesis and odontoblast differentiation by upregulating endothelium-related genes.Immune cell analysis indicated that EMD did not elicit a significant immune response.Cell communication analysis suggested that EMD fostered pro-regenerative networks driven by interactions between mesenchymal stem cells,fibroblasts,and endothelial cells.In conclusion,EMD proves to be an effective root surface therapy agent that supports the restoration of delayed replantation teeth.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0614301,2023YFC3707004,and 2018YFB0604302)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2022MS041)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22106084)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(2023Z02JMP001).
文摘An innovative strategy was proposed by integration of membrane contactor(MC)with biphasic solvent for efficient CO_(2) capture from flue gas.The accessible fly ash-based ceramic membrane(CM)underwent hydrophobic modification through silane grafting,followed by fluoroalkylsilane decoration,to prepare the superhydrophobic membrane(CSCM).The CSCM significantly improved resistance to wetting by the biphasic solvent,consisting of amine(DETA)and sulfolane(TMS).Morphological characterizations and chemical analysis revealed the notable enhancements in pore structure and hydrophobic chemical groups for the modified membrane.Predictions of wetting/bubbling behavior based on static wetting theory referred the liquid entry pressure(LEP)of CSCM increased by 20 kPa compared to pristine CM.Compared with traditional amine solvents,the biphasic solvent presented the expected phase separation.Performance experiments demonstrated that the CO_(2) capture efficiency of the biphasic solvent increased by 7%,and the electrical energy required for desorption decreased by 32%.The 60-h continuous testing and supplemental characterization of used membrane confirmed the excellent adaptability and durability of the CSCMs.This study provides a potential approach for accessing hydrophobic ceramic membranes and biphasic solvents for industrial CO_(2) capture.
文摘Membrane fouling remains the primary economic barrier to the widespread implementation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite the fact that they lead to the production of high-quality effluent. Operational conditions are critical factors influencing membrane fouling. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous impacts of temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) variations on membrane fouling. Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (18°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and HRTs (6 h, 9 h, and 15 h). The results demonstrated that increases in both temperature and HRT contributed to a reduction in membrane fouling. Additionally, a positive interaction between temperature and HRT was observed in the linear slope variation of membrane permeation, with temperature variations exerting a greater influence on membrane fouling than HRT variations. Fouling factor analysis revealed that increases in temperature and HRT led to decreased concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly carbohydrates, in the activated sludge. Analyses of the cake layer of the membrane indicated that increasing temperature and HRT reduced EPS levels, particularly polysaccharides and proteins;altered primary protein structure;and increased the mean particle size distribution. Ultimately, these changes led to reductions in both reversible and irreversible hydraulic resistances. This study highlights the importance of optimizing operational parameters such as temperature and HRT to enhance membrane performance and treatment efficiency in MBR systems while mitigating fouling.
基金Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB3504000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22421003,22478391,22178345)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Y2023012,2022045,2023052)。
文摘Membrane fouling is the primary resistance to the continuous production of stirred membrane reactors.This work presents a laser-enhanced high-magnification telecentric imaging system(LEHTIS),which uses a high-magnification telecentric lens and laser-enhanced illumination to invasively capture the motion of particles on the membrane surface or near the membrane.The problems of working distance and particle interference in the stirred membrane reactor are solved to achieve the purpose of in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling.This method is suitable for high flow rates,high solid holdup,and small particle size systems,and the dynamic motion and accumulation of particles are preliminarily analyzed.It shows that the accumulation and desorption of particles on the membrane surface are related to the physical properties of the membrane surface.There is an intermittent rotational movement in the flow field near the membrane,and it tends to stabilize over time.The filtration process can be assessed by monitoring changes in the overall velocity and acceleration of particles near the membrane.The analysis of forces acting on individual particles is compared and validated with the force balance model to correct and accurately apply it to stirred membrane reactors.The development of LEHTIS provides an effective tool for in-situ monitoring of membrane fouling and optimizing the stirred membrane reactors for industrial applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.82272003,82302195,and 82371976)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant no.2024M752237)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant no.2024YFHZ0271)PostDoctor Research Project,Sichuan University(Grant nos.2024SCU12029 and 2023SCU12070).
文摘A tumor cell membrane(CM)-based biomimetic membrane tumor vaccine is an emerging prevention and treatment strategy in tumor immunotherapy.However,a single CM mostly has a weak immune-boosting effect.Here,a heterogenic fusion membrane tumor vaccine,EV–CM,was successfully constructed by fusing extracellular vesicles(EVs)from S.aureus and CM from B16F10 melanoma cells.Inheriting the advantages of parental components,the EV–CM combines tumor antigens with natural adjuvants that can be used for immunotherapy and can be easily synergistic with complementary therapies.In vivo vaccine tests have shown that EV–CM can activate immune antitumor responses and prevent tumorigenesis.To further enhance the immunotherapeutic and antimetastatic effects of EV–CM,Pt-porphyrin coordination polymer as an immunopotentiator(CPIP)was implanted into an EV–CM nanoplatform(CPIP@EV–CM),which combines localized sonodynamic/chemodynamic therapy-induced immunogenic cell death with heterogenic fusion membrane-mediated antigen-presenting functions.In vitro performance tests,cell experiments,and in vivo animal models have confirmed that the CPIP@EV–CM combined with US has better ROS production,tumor cell killing,and antimetastasis abilities.The heterogenic fusion membrane strategy and ultrasound-augmented nanoplatform present exciting prospects for designing tumor-immunogenic,self-adjuvant,and expandable vaccines,providing new ideas for exploring new melanoma immunotherapy and antimetastasis strategies,which is expected to be used as a safe and effective treatment in clinical practice.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3805300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22125801,22005010).
文摘Proton exchange membranes(PEMs)are widely employed in energy conversion and storage devices including fuel cells(FCs),redox flow batteries(RFBs)and PEM water electrolysis(PEMWE).As one of the main components of these devices,a high-performance PEM is always desirable considering the cost challenges from both energy utilization efficiency and production cost.From this century,governments of countries worldwide have introduced PFAS(per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances)restriction related policies,which facilitate the extensive research on non-fluorinated PEMs.Besides,non-fluorinated PEMs become hot topics of all kinds of PEMs due to the advantages including excellent conductivity,high mechanical property,reduced swelling,low cost and reduced ion permeation of electrochemically active species.In this review,various types of non-fluorinated PEMs including main-chain-type hydrocarbon membranes,microphase separation membranes and membranes with rigid-twisted structure are comprehensively summarized.The basic properties of different types of non-fluorinated PEMs including water uptake,swelling ratio,oxidative stability,tensile strength and conductivity are compared and the corresponding application performance in FCs,RFBs and PEMWE are discussed.The state-of-the-art of the structural design in both monomers and polymers is reviewed for the construction of fast ion transport channels and high resistance of free radical attacks.Also,future challenges and possibilities for the development of non-fluorinated PEMs are comprehensively forecasted.
基金supported by National Natural Science Fundation of China(Nos.52170086,22308194,U22A20423)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021ME013)+1 种基金Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211012)Shandong Provincial Excellent Youth(No.ZR2022YQ47)。
文摘Although the powder Fenton-like catalysts have exhibited high catalytic performances towards pollutant degradation,they cannot be directly used for Fenton-like industrialization considering the problems of loss and recovery.Therefore,the membrane fixation of catalyst is an important step to realize the actual application of Fenton-like catalysts.In this work,an efficient catalyst was developed with Co-N_(x)configuration facilely reconstructed on the surface of Co_(3)O_(4)(Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)),which exhibited superior catalytic activity.We further fixed the highly efficient Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)onto three kinds of organic membranes and one kind of inorganic ceramic membrane installing with the residual PMS treatment device to investigate its catalytic stability and sustainability.Results indicated that the inorganic ceramic membrane(CM)can achieve high water flux of 710 L m-2h-1,and the similar water flux can be achieved by Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM even without the pressure extraction.We also employed the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system to the wastewater secondary effluent,and the pollutant in complicated secondary effluent could be highly removed by the Co-N_(x)/Co_(3)O_(4)/CM system.This paper provides a new point of view for the application of metal-based catalysts with M-N_(x)coordination in catalytic reaction device.
文摘Membrane fouling is a persistent challenge in membrane-based technologies,significantly impacting efficiency,operational costs,and system lifespan in applications like water treatment,desalination,and industrial processing.Foul-ing,caused by the accumulation of particulates,organic compounds,and microorganisms,leads to reduced permeability,increased energy demands,and frequent maintenance.Traditional fouling control approaches,relying on empirical models and reactive strategies,often fail to address these issues efficiently.In this context,artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)have emerged as innovative tools offering predictive and proactive solutions for fouling man-agement.By utilizing historical and real-time data,AI/ML techniques such as artificial neural networks,support vector machines,and ensemble models enable accurate prediction of fouling onset,identification of fouling mechanisms,and optimization of control measures.This review provides a detailed examination of the integration of AI/ML in membrane fouling prediction and mitigation,discussing advanced algorithms,the role of sensor-based monitoring,and the importance of robust datasets in enhancing predictive accuracy.Case studies highlighting successful AI/ML applications across various membrane processes are presented,demonstrating their transformative potential in improving system performance.Emerging trends,such as hybrid modeling and IoT-enabled smart systems,are explored,alongside a criti-cal analysis of research gaps and opportunities.This review emphasizes AI/ML as a cornerstone for sustainable,cost-effective membrane operations.
