High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating gen...High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating genetics and breeding in melon(Cucumis melo L.),a globally cultivated economically important horticultural crop.Based on over eight million SNPs derived from 823 representative melon accessions,16K,8K,4K,2K,1K,500,250 and 125 informative SNPs were screened and evaluated for their polymorphisms,conservation of flanking sequences,and distributions.The set of 2K SNPs was found to be optimal for representing the maximum diversity with the lowest number of SNPs,and it was selected to develop the liquid chip,named“Melon2K”.Using Melon2K,more than 1500 SNPs were detected across 17 samples of five melon cultivars,and the phylogenetic relationships were clearly constructed.Within the same cultivar,genetic differences were also assessed between different samples.We evaluated the performance of Melon2K in genetic background selection during the breeding process,obtaining the introgression lines of interested trait with more than 97%genetic background of elite variety by only two rounds of backcrossing.These results suggest that Melon2K provides a cost-effective,efficient and reliable platform for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in melon.展开更多
Melon(Cucumis melo L.)is a globally important fruit crop appreciated for its sweet taste,unique aroma,and nutritional value(Kaleem et al.,2024).Aroma,shaped by volatile organic compounds(VOCs),is a key trait influenci...Melon(Cucumis melo L.)is a globally important fruit crop appreciated for its sweet taste,unique aroma,and nutritional value(Kaleem et al.,2024).Aroma,shaped by volatile organic compounds(VOCs),is a key trait influencing consumer preference.These VOCs are mainly derived from amino acids,fatty acids,and terpenoid pathways(Chen et al.,2023).Esters contribute to fruity and sweet notes,whereas terpenes and C_(9) aldehydes/alcohols impart floral and melon-like aromas,respectively(Mayobre et al.,2024).展开更多
Melon fruit flavor is a key quality characteristic that influences consumer preference.Grafting is an effective technique to enhance fruit quality but yields divergent outcomes in terms of fruit flavor.To address this...Melon fruit flavor is a key quality characteristic that influences consumer preference.Grafting is an effective technique to enhance fruit quality but yields divergent outcomes in terms of fruit flavor.To address this problem,we analyzed parallel changes in flavor-related metabolite accumulation and gene expression in two pumpkin rootstock grafted melons during four fruit developmental stages.We identified 26061 expressed genes and 840 metabolites from 21 different compound classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,and lipids.We also detected 50 aroma volatile compounds in the grafted melons.Results showed that genes and metabolites associated with metabolic pathways(carbohydrate,amino acid,lipid,and phenylpropanoid)play a key role in flavor formation.Compared with‘Sizhuang 12’,‘Tianzhen 1’rootstock improved melon fruit flavor by upregulating sugar-related genes(HK,MPI,MIOX,and STP)and inducing metabolite accumulation(d-ribose-5-phosphate,d-galactose,and trehalose 6-phosphate),whereas decreasing bitterness-related amino acids(l-arginine,l-asparagine,and l-tyrosine)and associated genes(thrC,ACS,and GLUL)expression at ripening stage.Furthermore,‘Tianzhen 1’exhibited higher expression levels of enzyme-coding genes(4CL,CSE,and COMT)responsible for aroma volatile synthesis than‘Sizhuang 12’rootstock.Taken together,our results decipher the basis of the molecular mechanism underlying fruit flavor in grafted melons and provide valuable information for the melons genetic improvement.展开更多
Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides,polluted water,and industrial gas emissions,which pose threats to sustainable crop production.Chromium(Cr)stress has an adverse impact on...Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides,polluted water,and industrial gas emissions,which pose threats to sustainable crop production.Chromium(Cr)stress has an adverse impact on plant development and metabolism,but approaches to reduce its toxicity and enhance plant resistance remain limited.Melatonin is a potent antioxidant involved in regulating various morpho-physiological functions of plants under different abiotic stresses.In this study,we investigated the impact of exogenous melatonin to mitigate the negative effects of potassium dichromate(PD)stress in melon plants and analyzed genetic modulation of morphological,physiological,and biochemical parameters.The obtained results revealed that melatonin treatment(100μmol L^(−1))considerably improved seed germination rate,promoted plant growth,and stabilized chloroplast ultrastructure of leaves under PD-stress.This physiological resilience was similarly reflected by maintained photosynthetic efficiency and significantly stabilized photochemical parameters(e.g.,Fv/Fm and NPQ).At the molecular level,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis confirmed that melatonin treatment maintained organelle integrity by upregulating primary metabolism indices and hindering Cr accumulation.Specifically,melatonin reduced the Cr-induced downregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes[CmHEMA(MELO3C006296.2),CmGOGAT(MELO3C008481.2),and CmPOR(MELO3C016714.2)],restoring chlorophyll content by up to 5.08 mg·g^(−1),increased by 67.11%.The expression level of genes[CmSPS(MELO3C003715.2),CmPEPC(MELO3C018724.2),and CmRubisco(MELO3C012180.2)]showed an effective upsurge in carbohydrate synthesis.Moreover,melatonin significantly enhanced the antioxidant system[e.g.,increasing SOD(46.13%),POD(35.85%),and APX(25.00%)activities]and promoted the accumulation of lignin and metallothionein[via upregulation of Cm4CL(MELO3C002346.2)and CmMet(MELO3C016513.2)genes],which restricted Cr translocation from the root to the shoot.To summarize,exogenous melatonin application could serve as an effective strategy for mitigating Cr-induced stress in melon by stabilizing basic photosynthetic processes and secondary metabolism through biochemical and molecular defensive mechanisms,thereby preventing Cr translocation by activating the accumulation of secondary metabolites(e.g.,lignin and metallothionein)and photo-respiration elements.Our findings provided new perspective to understand melatonin as a viable,multidimensional bio-regulator for improving crop resilience in Cr-polluted agricultural systems.展开更多
Melon(Cucumis melo L.)production is often restricted by a plethora of pests and diseases,including powdery mildew and downy mildew caused respectively by the fungal species Podosphaera xanthii/Golovinomyces orontii an...Melon(Cucumis melo L.)production is often restricted by a plethora of pests and diseases,including powdery mildew and downy mildew caused respectively by the fungal species Podosphaera xanthii/Golovinomyces orontii and oomycete species Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Many efforts have been directed on identification of resistant sources by screening(wild)melon germplasm.In the current review,we summarized such efforts from various publications of the last 50 plus years.Resistance to powdery mildew has been identified in 239 melon accessions and downy mildew resistance in 452 accessions of both C.melo and the wild relative species C.figarei.Among the resistance sources,C.melo var.cantalupensis accessions PMR 45,PMR 5,PMR 6,and WMR 29 as well as C.melo var.momordica accessions PI 124111,PI 124112,and PI 414723 have been considered as the most valuable germplasm because multiple resistance genes have been identified from these accessions and are widely used in melon resistance breeding.Further genetic mapping in a number of resistant sources has enabled identification of 25 dominant genes,two recessive genes and seven QTLs conferring powdery mildew resistance,as well as eight dominant genes and 11 QTLs for downy mildew resistances.Based on the reported sequences of associated markers,we anchored physically(many of)these genes and QTLs to chromosomes of the melon cv.DHL92 genome.In addition to presenting a comprehensive overview on powdery mildew and downy mildew resistance in(wild)melon germplasm,we suggest strategies aiming at breeding melon with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens and pests.展开更多
Objective:To search for new bioactive compounds from marine mollusks Melo melo(M.melo). Methods:Preliminary work for bioactive compound was identified by using disc diffusion methods against human pathogens.Further an...Objective:To search for new bioactive compounds from marine mollusks Melo melo(M.melo). Methods:Preliminary work for bioactive compound was identified by using disc diffusion methods against human pathogens.Further analyses of compound were done by using TLC, SDS-PACE.And also estimate the amount of protein in the samples by following Biuret method.Results:In antibacterial activity the maximum diameter of 24 mm zone of inhibition was recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae) strain of the mucus extract and minimum zone of inhibition of 11 mm was observed in Salmonella typhi(S.typhi) strain of body tissue extract.The antifungal activity of the extraction shows maximum activity against Trichophyton mentagarophytes(T.mentagarophytes)(14 mm) and minimum activity was recorded in Aspergillus flavus(A.flavus)(11 mm).The extract of mucus,nerve tissue,body tissue and kidney that showed antimicrobial activity was subjected to TLC to determine the presence of the peptides and amide groups,and also subjected to SDS-PACE to estimate the molecular weight of proteins in a clear band were detected in the gel that represented kidney,body tissue,brain and mucus represent 14,17,22,45 kDa.Conclusions:The extracts from marine mollusks M.melo is the potential source of producing bioactive compounds against human pathogens and can be used for synthesis of new drugs.展开更多
In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% ...In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH （used as catalyst）, 30% （methanol to oil, v/v） methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion （85%） of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups （C=O） of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials （ASTM）： flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.展开更多
This study describes the isolation, identification of allelochemicals of the melon fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot.), using the GC-MS method. A food attractant has been identified and a method for the synthesis of i...This study describes the isolation, identification of allelochemicals of the melon fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot.), using the GC-MS method. A food attractant has been identified and a method for the synthesis of its synthetic analogue has been developed. Also, a route for the synthesis of para pheromone, raspberry ketone, has been proposed.展开更多
Stigma color plays an important role in pollination.In nature,melon(Cucumis melo L.)stigmas are either yellow or green;however,a review of the literature found no report on how stigma color affects pollination and fru...Stigma color plays an important role in pollination.In nature,melon(Cucumis melo L.)stigmas are either yellow or green;however,a review of the literature found no report on how stigma color affects pollination and fruit development in melon.Here,we used an F_(2)melon population derived from a cross between‘MR-1’(P_(1),with green stigmas)and‘M1–32’(P_(2),with yellow stigmas),and performed genetic analysis and mapping.The results of bulked segregant analysis allowed the identification of genetic loci controlling stigma color on chromosomes 6 and 8.An F2 population consisting of 150 individuals was used for initial mapping.A genetic map of 304.17 cM was constructed using 37 cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence(CAPS)markers.We identified one major quantitative trait locus(QTL)and one minor QTL for stigma color.The major QTL GS8.1 was further mapped to a 4.13 cM interval between CAPS markers 8C-10 and 8C-16,which explained 27.04%of the phenotypic variation.In addition,GS6.1 was mapped between E-49 and 6A-7,explaining 18.6%of the phenotypic variation.This study provides a theoretical basis for the fine mapping and cloning of melon genes controlling stigma color.展开更多
The use of organic waste for the preparation of seedling substrates is an important environmental and economic option. In this perspective, substrates using biochar emerges as an alternative for seedling production du...The use of organic waste for the preparation of seedling substrates is an important environmental and economic option. In this perspective, substrates using biochar emerges as an alternative for seedling production due to their favorable physical and chemical characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of doses of poultry litter biochar as a substrate constituent for the production and quality of the seedlings. The work was conducted in a semi protected environment, belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande—UFCG. The statistical design used was completely randomized in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 6 doses of biochar (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 t<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup>) and two varieties of melon (Yellow and Hales Best Jumbo) with 4 repetitions totaling 48 experimental units. The fresh and dry plant phytomass mass (aerial, roots and total), root length and the quality of seedlings were evaluated. It was concluded that the addition of poultry litter biochar to the substrate was beneficial, promoting an increase in the analyzed seedling variables, being the ideal dose for good development of melon seedlings 12 t<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup>. The Yellow variety presented a better response than the Hales Best Jumbo to the charcoal application. Considering the advantages of the use of poultry litter biochar on the substrate composition, found in the present study, its utilization constitutes a viable alternative for the development of melon seedlings and for the environmental disposal of the poultry litter.展开更多
Melon （Cucumis melo L.） is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Ethylene regulates the ripening process and affects the ripening rate. To screen genes that are differentially expressed at the burst of ethylene...Melon （Cucumis melo L.） is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Ethylene regulates the ripening process and affects the ripening rate. To screen genes that are differentially expressed at the burst of ethylene climacteric in melon fruit, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） to generate forward and reverse libraries, for which we sequenced 439 and 445 clones, respectively. Our BLAST analysis showed that the genes from the 2 libraries were involved in metabolism, signal transduction, cell structure, transcription, translation, and defense. Six genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR during the differential developmental stage of melon fruit. Our results provide new insight into the understanding of climacteric ripening of melon fruit.展开更多
Modeling of fruit morphological formation in melon is important for realizing virtual and digital plant growth.The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in patterns of fruit growth characters during ...Modeling of fruit morphological formation in melon is important for realizing virtual and digital plant growth.The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in patterns of fruit growth characters during plant development.In cultivar experiments,a high-resolution wireless vision sensor network has been developed to realize non-contact automatic uninterrupted measurement of the fruit shape micro-change （fruit size,color,and net）.Results showed that the fruit swelling process （vertical and horizontal diameters） exhibited a slow-rapid-slow pattern,which could be well described with a logistic curve against growing degree days （GDD）;fruit color changes based on the RGB values could be represented by quadratic relationship to cumulative GDD;the fruit net changes over growth progress could be partitioned into three phases according to the time interval.The first phase was from 1 to 30 days after pollination （DAP）,in which the vertical stripe appeared at fruit middle part and the horizontal stripe at fruit petiole and hilum part as well;the second phase was from 30 to 40 DAP,the horizontal stripe occurred at fruit middle part and the net was formed;the third phase was the process started from 40 DAP,the netted breadth and thickness were gradually increased.The model was validated with the independent data from the experiment,and the mean RMSE （root mean square error） of fruit were 0.36 and 0.28 cm for vertical and horizontal diameters,11.9 for fruit color,and 0.45 cm for stripe length and diameter at varied GDD,respectively.This work is beneficial to a reliable foundation for study the relationship between morphological formation and physiological change of the melon fruit internally and then realize the intelligent precision management to improve the yield and quality of greenhouse melon production.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32102383,32225044 and 32130093)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QC075)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholar Foundation of the People's Government of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20190947)the Qingdao Agricultural University Doctoral Start-Up Fund。
文摘High-throughput genotyping tools can effectively promote molecular breeding in crops.In this study,genotyping by target sequencing(GBTS)system was utilized to develop a genome-wide liquid SNP chip for facilitating genetics and breeding in melon(Cucumis melo L.),a globally cultivated economically important horticultural crop.Based on over eight million SNPs derived from 823 representative melon accessions,16K,8K,4K,2K,1K,500,250 and 125 informative SNPs were screened and evaluated for their polymorphisms,conservation of flanking sequences,and distributions.The set of 2K SNPs was found to be optimal for representing the maximum diversity with the lowest number of SNPs,and it was selected to develop the liquid chip,named“Melon2K”.Using Melon2K,more than 1500 SNPs were detected across 17 samples of five melon cultivars,and the phylogenetic relationships were clearly constructed.Within the same cultivar,genetic differences were also assessed between different samples.We evaluated the performance of Melon2K in genetic background selection during the breeding process,obtaining the introgression lines of interested trait with more than 97%genetic background of elite variety by only two rounds of backcrossing.These results suggest that Melon2K provides a cost-effective,efficient and reliable platform for genetic analysis and molecular breeding in melon.
基金supported by Project of Renovation Capacity Building for the Young Sci-Tech Talents Sponsored by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.xjnkq-2021011)Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(Grant No.ZDYF2025XDNY089)+2 种基金Project of Fund for Stable Support to Agricultural Sci-Tech Renovation(Grant No.xjnkywdzc-2023001-35)Guangxi Agricultural Science and Technology Project,China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MORA(CARS-25)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2662024JC004)。
文摘Melon(Cucumis melo L.)is a globally important fruit crop appreciated for its sweet taste,unique aroma,and nutritional value(Kaleem et al.,2024).Aroma,shaped by volatile organic compounds(VOCs),is a key trait influencing consumer preference.These VOCs are mainly derived from amino acids,fatty acids,and terpenoid pathways(Chen et al.,2023).Esters contribute to fruity and sweet notes,whereas terpenes and C_(9) aldehydes/alcohols impart floral and melon-like aromas,respectively(Mayobre et al.,2024).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972435)to Jintao Cheng,and Agriculture Research System of MOF and MORA(CARS-25)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2019CFA017)Ningbo Scientific and Technological Project(2021Z006)to Zhilong Bie.
文摘Melon fruit flavor is a key quality characteristic that influences consumer preference.Grafting is an effective technique to enhance fruit quality but yields divergent outcomes in terms of fruit flavor.To address this problem,we analyzed parallel changes in flavor-related metabolite accumulation and gene expression in two pumpkin rootstock grafted melons during four fruit developmental stages.We identified 26061 expressed genes and 840 metabolites from 21 different compound classes,including carbohydrates,amino acids,and lipids.We also detected 50 aroma volatile compounds in the grafted melons.Results showed that genes and metabolites associated with metabolic pathways(carbohydrate,amino acid,lipid,and phenylpropanoid)play a key role in flavor formation.Compared with‘Sizhuang 12’,‘Tianzhen 1’rootstock improved melon fruit flavor by upregulating sugar-related genes(HK,MPI,MIOX,and STP)and inducing metabolite accumulation(d-ribose-5-phosphate,d-galactose,and trehalose 6-phosphate),whereas decreasing bitterness-related amino acids(l-arginine,l-asparagine,and l-tyrosine)and associated genes(thrC,ACS,and GLUL)expression at ripening stage.Furthermore,‘Tianzhen 1’exhibited higher expression levels of enzyme-coding genes(4CL,CSE,and COMT)responsible for aroma volatile synthesis than‘Sizhuang 12’rootstock.Taken together,our results decipher the basis of the molecular mechanism underlying fruit flavor in grafted melons and provide valuable information for the melons genetic improvement.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Plan of Heilongjiang Province(Award number:SC2022ZX02C0202-06)the Heilongjiang Provincial Research Fund(Award number:CZKYF2025-1-B004)the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project(Award numbers:CX25YQ30 and CX24ZH10).
文摘Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides,polluted water,and industrial gas emissions,which pose threats to sustainable crop production.Chromium(Cr)stress has an adverse impact on plant development and metabolism,but approaches to reduce its toxicity and enhance plant resistance remain limited.Melatonin is a potent antioxidant involved in regulating various morpho-physiological functions of plants under different abiotic stresses.In this study,we investigated the impact of exogenous melatonin to mitigate the negative effects of potassium dichromate(PD)stress in melon plants and analyzed genetic modulation of morphological,physiological,and biochemical parameters.The obtained results revealed that melatonin treatment(100μmol L^(−1))considerably improved seed germination rate,promoted plant growth,and stabilized chloroplast ultrastructure of leaves under PD-stress.This physiological resilience was similarly reflected by maintained photosynthetic efficiency and significantly stabilized photochemical parameters(e.g.,Fv/Fm and NPQ).At the molecular level,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis confirmed that melatonin treatment maintained organelle integrity by upregulating primary metabolism indices and hindering Cr accumulation.Specifically,melatonin reduced the Cr-induced downregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes[CmHEMA(MELO3C006296.2),CmGOGAT(MELO3C008481.2),and CmPOR(MELO3C016714.2)],restoring chlorophyll content by up to 5.08 mg·g^(−1),increased by 67.11%.The expression level of genes[CmSPS(MELO3C003715.2),CmPEPC(MELO3C018724.2),and CmRubisco(MELO3C012180.2)]showed an effective upsurge in carbohydrate synthesis.Moreover,melatonin significantly enhanced the antioxidant system[e.g.,increasing SOD(46.13%),POD(35.85%),and APX(25.00%)activities]and promoted the accumulation of lignin and metallothionein[via upregulation of Cm4CL(MELO3C002346.2)and CmMet(MELO3C016513.2)genes],which restricted Cr translocation from the root to the shoot.To summarize,exogenous melatonin application could serve as an effective strategy for mitigating Cr-induced stress in melon by stabilizing basic photosynthetic processes and secondary metabolism through biochemical and molecular defensive mechanisms,thereby preventing Cr translocation by activating the accumulation of secondary metabolites(e.g.,lignin and metallothionein)and photo-respiration elements.Our findings provided new perspective to understand melatonin as a viable,multidimensional bio-regulator for improving crop resilience in Cr-polluted agricultural systems.
基金funded by a fellowship from the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201908140029)。
文摘Melon(Cucumis melo L.)production is often restricted by a plethora of pests and diseases,including powdery mildew and downy mildew caused respectively by the fungal species Podosphaera xanthii/Golovinomyces orontii and oomycete species Pseudoperonospora cubensis.Many efforts have been directed on identification of resistant sources by screening(wild)melon germplasm.In the current review,we summarized such efforts from various publications of the last 50 plus years.Resistance to powdery mildew has been identified in 239 melon accessions and downy mildew resistance in 452 accessions of both C.melo and the wild relative species C.figarei.Among the resistance sources,C.melo var.cantalupensis accessions PMR 45,PMR 5,PMR 6,and WMR 29 as well as C.melo var.momordica accessions PI 124111,PI 124112,and PI 414723 have been considered as the most valuable germplasm because multiple resistance genes have been identified from these accessions and are widely used in melon resistance breeding.Further genetic mapping in a number of resistant sources has enabled identification of 25 dominant genes,two recessive genes and seven QTLs conferring powdery mildew resistance,as well as eight dominant genes and 11 QTLs for downy mildew resistances.Based on the reported sequences of associated markers,we anchored physically(many of)these genes and QTLs to chromosomes of the melon cv.DHL92 genome.In addition to presenting a comprehensive overview on powdery mildew and downy mildew resistance in(wild)melon germplasm,we suggest strategies aiming at breeding melon with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens and pests.
文摘Objective:To search for new bioactive compounds from marine mollusks Melo melo(M.melo). Methods:Preliminary work for bioactive compound was identified by using disc diffusion methods against human pathogens.Further analyses of compound were done by using TLC, SDS-PACE.And also estimate the amount of protein in the samples by following Biuret method.Results:In antibacterial activity the maximum diameter of 24 mm zone of inhibition was recorded against Klebsiella pneumoniae(K.pneumoniae) strain of the mucus extract and minimum zone of inhibition of 11 mm was observed in Salmonella typhi(S.typhi) strain of body tissue extract.The antifungal activity of the extraction shows maximum activity against Trichophyton mentagarophytes(T.mentagarophytes)(14 mm) and minimum activity was recorded in Aspergillus flavus(A.flavus)(11 mm).The extract of mucus,nerve tissue,body tissue and kidney that showed antimicrobial activity was subjected to TLC to determine the presence of the peptides and amide groups,and also subjected to SDS-PACE to estimate the molecular weight of proteins in a clear band were detected in the gel that represented kidney,body tissue,brain and mucus represent 14,17,22,45 kDa.Conclusions:The extracts from marine mollusks M.melo is the potential source of producing bioactive compounds against human pathogens and can be used for synthesis of new drugs.
文摘In the present research work, a non-edible oil source Cucumis melo var. agrestis （wild melon） was systematically identified and studied for biodiesel production and its characterization. The extracted oil was 29.1% of total dry seed weight. The free fatty acid value of the oil was found to be 0.64%, and the single-step alkaline transesterification method was used for conversion of fatty acids into their respective methyl esters. The maximum conversion efficiency of fatty acids was obtained at 0.4 wt% NaOH （used as catalyst）, 30% （methanol to oil, v/v） methanol amount, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 60-min reaction time. Under these optimal conditions, the conversion efficiency of fatty acid was 92%. However, in the case of KOH as catalyst, the highest conversion （85%） of fatty acids was obtained at 40% methanol to oil ratio, 1.28 wt% KOH, 60 ℃ reaction temperature, 600-rpm agitation rate and 45 min of reaction time. Qualitatively, biodiesel was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FFIR） and gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. FTIR results demonstrated a strong peak at 1742 cm-1, showing carbonyl groups （C=O） of methyl esters. However, GC-MS results showed the presence of twelve methyl esters comprised of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, non-decanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecynoic acid. The fuel properties were found to fall within the range recommended by the international biodiesel standard, i.e., American Society of Testing Materials （ASTM）： flash point of 91℃, density of 0.873 kg/L, viscosity of 5.35 cSt, pour point of - 13 ℃, cloud point of -10 ℃, total acid number of 0.242 mg KOH/g and sulfur content of 0.0043 wt%. The present work concluded the potential of wild melon seed oil as excellent non-edible source of bioenergy.
文摘This study describes the isolation, identification of allelochemicals of the melon fly (Myiopardalis pardalina Bigot.), using the GC-MS method. A food attractant has been identified and a method for the synthesis of its synthetic analogue has been developed. Also, a route for the synthesis of para pheromone, raspberry ketone, has been proposed.
基金This research was funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31772331)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-25).
文摘Stigma color plays an important role in pollination.In nature,melon(Cucumis melo L.)stigmas are either yellow or green;however,a review of the literature found no report on how stigma color affects pollination and fruit development in melon.Here,we used an F_(2)melon population derived from a cross between‘MR-1’(P_(1),with green stigmas)and‘M1–32’(P_(2),with yellow stigmas),and performed genetic analysis and mapping.The results of bulked segregant analysis allowed the identification of genetic loci controlling stigma color on chromosomes 6 and 8.An F2 population consisting of 150 individuals was used for initial mapping.A genetic map of 304.17 cM was constructed using 37 cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence(CAPS)markers.We identified one major quantitative trait locus(QTL)and one minor QTL for stigma color.The major QTL GS8.1 was further mapped to a 4.13 cM interval between CAPS markers 8C-10 and 8C-16,which explained 27.04%of the phenotypic variation.In addition,GS6.1 was mapped between E-49 and 6A-7,explaining 18.6%of the phenotypic variation.This study provides a theoretical basis for the fine mapping and cloning of melon genes controlling stigma color.
文摘The use of organic waste for the preparation of seedling substrates is an important environmental and economic option. In this perspective, substrates using biochar emerges as an alternative for seedling production due to their favorable physical and chemical characteristics. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of doses of poultry litter biochar as a substrate constituent for the production and quality of the seedlings. The work was conducted in a semi protected environment, belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande—UFCG. The statistical design used was completely randomized in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 6 doses of biochar (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 t<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup>) and two varieties of melon (Yellow and Hales Best Jumbo) with 4 repetitions totaling 48 experimental units. The fresh and dry plant phytomass mass (aerial, roots and total), root length and the quality of seedlings were evaluated. It was concluded that the addition of poultry litter biochar to the substrate was beneficial, promoting an increase in the analyzed seedling variables, being the ideal dose for good development of melon seedlings 12 t<span style="white-space:nowrap;">∙</span>ha<sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−</span>1</sup>. The Yellow variety presented a better response than the Hales Best Jumbo to the charcoal application. Considering the advantages of the use of poultry litter biochar on the substrate composition, found in the present study, its utilization constitutes a viable alternative for the development of melon seedlings and for the environmental disposal of the poultry litter.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30960159)the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(200801260002)
文摘Melon （Cucumis melo L.） is an important horticultural crop worldwide. Ethylene regulates the ripening process and affects the ripening rate. To screen genes that are differentially expressed at the burst of ethylene climacteric in melon fruit, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization （SSH） to generate forward and reverse libraries, for which we sequenced 439 and 445 clones, respectively. Our BLAST analysis showed that the genes from the 2 libraries were involved in metabolism, signal transduction, cell structure, transcription, translation, and defense. Six genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR during the differential developmental stage of melon fruit. Our results provide new insight into the understanding of climacteric ripening of melon fruit.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31000669)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,China (B209)
文摘Modeling of fruit morphological formation in melon is important for realizing virtual and digital plant growth.The objective of this study was to characterize the changes in patterns of fruit growth characters during plant development.In cultivar experiments,a high-resolution wireless vision sensor network has been developed to realize non-contact automatic uninterrupted measurement of the fruit shape micro-change （fruit size,color,and net）.Results showed that the fruit swelling process （vertical and horizontal diameters） exhibited a slow-rapid-slow pattern,which could be well described with a logistic curve against growing degree days （GDD）;fruit color changes based on the RGB values could be represented by quadratic relationship to cumulative GDD;the fruit net changes over growth progress could be partitioned into three phases according to the time interval.The first phase was from 1 to 30 days after pollination （DAP）,in which the vertical stripe appeared at fruit middle part and the horizontal stripe at fruit petiole and hilum part as well;the second phase was from 30 to 40 DAP,the horizontal stripe occurred at fruit middle part and the net was formed;the third phase was the process started from 40 DAP,the netted breadth and thickness were gradually increased.The model was validated with the independent data from the experiment,and the mean RMSE （root mean square error） of fruit were 0.36 and 0.28 cm for vertical and horizontal diameters,11.9 for fruit color,and 0.45 cm for stripe length and diameter at varied GDD,respectively.This work is beneficial to a reliable foundation for study the relationship between morphological formation and physiological change of the melon fruit internally and then realize the intelligent precision management to improve the yield and quality of greenhouse melon production.
