The intention of current review is to make available up-to-date information on morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacolog-ical activities on different parts of Euphorbia tiruca...The intention of current review is to make available up-to-date information on morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacolog-ical activities on different parts of Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli). This plant has a number of medicinal uses. Latex of E. tirucalli is vesicant and rubefacient which is used for rheumatism, warts, cough, asthma, ear-ache, tooth-ache and neuralgia. It acts as a purgative in small doses while in big doses it is bitter irritant and emetic. Milky juice is alexiteric, carminative and purgative. It is useful in whooping cough, gonorrhea, asthma, leprosy, dropsy, dyspepsia, enlargement of spleen, colic, jaundice and stone in bladder. The fresh milky juice is good alternative in syphilis and a good application in neuralgia. A decoction of branches is used in gastralgia and colic. Bark is used in treatment of fractures. Poultices prepared from the stem are useful to repair the broken bones. Boiled root liquid acts as an emetic in cases of snake-bite and for infertility in women. The wood is used for rafters, toys and veneering purposes. It is also useful against leprosy and foot paralysis subsequent to childbirth. E. tirucalli is reported to have euphol, β-sitosterol, euphorbol hexacosonate, cycloeuphordenol, cyclotirucanenol, tirucalicine, tri-methyl ellagic acid, gallic acids, terpenic alcohol, isoeuphorol, taraxasterol, tirucallol, euphor-one, euphorcinol, euphorbins, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, 12, 20-dideoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate, glut-5-en-3-β-ol, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid, euphorbin-A (polyphenol), tirucallin-A (7) (tannin), tirucallin-B (11), euphorbin-F (14) (dimers), cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartenol, ingenol triacetate, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, taraxerone, euphorginol, taraxerol, cam-pesterol, stigmasterol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid,β-amyrin, etc. active phytoconstituents. E. tirucalli have possessed activity in human-lymphocytes, analgesic, anthelmintics, antiarthritic, antibacterial/antifungal/antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antioxi-dant, antiviral, biodiesel production, CNS depressant/neuropathic pain, cytotoxicity/anticancer, genotoxic/mutagenic, hepatoprotective, insect repellants, immunomodulatory, larvicidal, molluscicidal/ovicidal/piscicidal, myelopoiesis, proteolytic/chitinolytics phar-macological activities. There is a need to isolate dynamic constituents, their biological trial, molecular mechanisms, experimental protection and legalization of therapeutic uses of E. tirucalli. The collected information will be helpful to locate up study protocol for recent drugs and Ayurvedic formulation expansion in curative and treat a variety of ailments.展开更多
The aim of this study is to assess the pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of the Pedalium murex(Linn)(P.murex)and its traditional medicinal uses of different parts of the plant.Flavonoids,phenolic compounds,gly...The aim of this study is to assess the pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of the Pedalium murex(Linn)(P.murex)and its traditional medicinal uses of different parts of the plant.Flavonoids,phenolic compounds,glycosides,carbohydrates,reducing sugars,phytosterols,tannins,triterpenoids,alkaloids,xanthoproteins,aromatic oil,stable oil,saponins and resins are the main phytochemical groups that have been found in different chemical extracts of P.murex.Pharmacological activities of P.murex have proven its importance for medicinal uses.This review will be helpful to create interest to use P.murex for developing new formulation in therapeutic medicines.展开更多
AIM： To search for new antiviral agents from traditional Chinese medicine, specifically anti-enterovirosuses agents. METHODS： The aqueous extracts （AE） of more than 100 traditionally used medicinal plants in China...AIM： To search for new antiviral agents from traditional Chinese medicine, specifically anti-enterovirosuses agents. METHODS： The aqueous extracts （AE） of more than 100 traditionally used medicinal plants in China were evaluated for their in vitro anti-Coxsackie virus B3 activities with a MTT-based colorimetric assay. RESULTS： The test for AE of 16 plants exhibited anti- Coxsackie virus B3 activities at different magnitudes of potency. They can inhibit three steps （inactivation, adsorption and replication） during the infection. Among the 16 plants, Sargentodoxa cuneata （Oliv.） Rehd. et Wils., Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep., Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. and Cyrtorniurn fortunei J, sm. also have activity against other enterovirus, including Coxsackie virus 135, Polio virus I, Echo virus 9 and Echo virus 29. Cell cytotoxic assay demonstrated that all tested AE had CC50 values higher than their EC50 values. CONCLUSION： The sixteen traditionally used medicinal plants in China possessed antMral activity, and some of them merit further investigations.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)in the comprehensive service pathway for rational clinical use of western medicines.Methods:A sample of 73 patients undergoing western medicine ...Objective:To analyze the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)in the comprehensive service pathway for rational clinical use of western medicines.Methods:A sample of 73 patients undergoing western medicine treatment from December 2024 to March 2025 was selected and divided into groups by lottery.Group A received AI-assisted management for rational clinical use of western medicines,while Group B received conventional management.Thirty-six patients taking oral western medicines were included in Group B.Results:Group A outperformed Group B in terms of the irrationality rate of western medicine usage,drug management scores,adverse reaction rates,complaint rates,and satisfaction levels,with p<0.05.Conclusion:AI-assisted rational clinical use of western medicines enhances drug management quality,reduces the irrationality rate of medication usage,and decreases complaint rates related to western medicine usage.展开更多
Objective:To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducte...Objective:To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the field during 2014-2016. Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 182 informants through oral interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The distribution of plants was explored using both descriptive and graphical methods. Further,a Multinomial Logit Specification was applied to find out the probability of the occurrence of diverse utilization of plants in multipurpose domains. Results:The study identified 202 plant species distributed among 71 families and 156 genera. Ethnobotanical data indicate that there are more medicinal(36.96%) uses of plants as compared to all other use categories. The output from the Multinomial Logit Specifications(MLS) model reveals that perennial and non-woody plants are exploited more for medicinal and food uses than annual and woody plants. In the context of ethnomedicinal uses,aerial plant parts particularly leaves are more extensively used for the preparation of herbal recipes as compared to underground parts. Conclusions:The results of the study emphasize the need to create awareness among the local communities about the conservation status of plant species in order to maintain a sustainable resource of plant-derived materials into the future. The novel econometric approach employed in this study adds a new insightful methodology to the existing body of literature in the field of ethnobotany. We strongly recommend conservation measures,alongside phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the useful plant species identified in this study in order to ensure their sustainable and effective utilization.展开更多
Endophytes are a type of microorganisms which live in plant tissues and have no obvious disease symptoms to plants,mainly including fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes.Endophytes can produce the same or similar active su...Endophytes are a type of microorganisms which live in plant tissues and have no obvious disease symptoms to plants,mainly including fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes.Endophytes can produce the same or similar active substances as host plants,so they have become a hot spot in the research of natural medicinal active products in recent years.Endophytes provide abundant resources for searching medicinal active substances because of their abundant species and huge reserves.In this paper,the species,structural characteristics,separation methods and pharmacological studies of active products of endophytic fungi were reviewed,in order to provide theoretical reference for the research of medicinal active components of endophytic fungi.展开更多
The morphological characteristics and growth habits of medicinal chrysanthemums are described,the cultivation techniques are summarized from the aspects of nursery,transplanting and field management,and the harvest an...The morphological characteristics and growth habits of medicinal chrysanthemums are described,the cultivation techniques are summarized from the aspects of nursery,transplanting and field management,and the harvest and primary processing technology are introduced in detail.展开更多
Dabie Mountains are located at the junction of Anhui,Henan and Hubei provinces in the East of China.With its varied altitude,climate,and soil texture,Dabie Mountains are extremely rich in wild plant resources.The 12th...Dabie Mountains are located at the junction of Anhui,Henan and Hubei provinces in the East of China.With its varied altitude,climate,and soil texture,Dabie Mountains are extremely rich in wild plant resources.The 12th Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Resources Scientific Expedition Team of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University conducted a study on wild vascular plants resources,especially medicinal vascular plants,through field investigation,literature review and specimen identification.There were 472 species of vascular plants belonging to 347 genera and 125 families collected during July 2018 in this area,of which 424 species were medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 89.83%of the total.From the perspective of medicinal parts,most of the medicinal plants there have values in their roots and rhizomes,as well as the whole plants.The efficacy and characteristics of these pharmaceutical dimensions were also summarized and analyzed in detail.Besides,among the wild vascular plants collected,the most dominant families with the biggest numbers of species are Compositae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,Saxifragaceae and Polygonaceae,and the dominant genus are Viola and Sedum.In terms of life form,perennial herbs are dominant,accounting for 55.72%of the total species,followed by some annual(or biennial)herbs,shrubs and lianas.Finally,recommendations are put forward for strengthening the protection and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources in Dabie Mountains.展开更多
Objective:To observe the clinical effects of the combined use of acupuncture and herbal medicine for treatment of chloasma.Methods:Totally 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group of 30 cases,treated b...Objective:To observe the clinical effects of the combined use of acupuncture and herbal medicine for treatment of chloasma.Methods:Totally 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group of 30 cases,treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine,and a control group of 30 cases,administered Vitamin C and Vitamin E.The clinical effects were observed.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group is 93.3%better than that of the control group(76.7%) ,the difference was significant(P<0.01) .Conclusion:Combined use of acupuncture and herbal medicine may yield definite therapeutic effects in treating chloasma patients.展开更多
Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide, and it is believed there would be positive correlation between the National Essential Medicines Policies(NEMPs) and the level of rational use of medicines(RUMs...Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide, and it is believed there would be positive correlation between the National Essential Medicines Policies(NEMPs) and the level of rational use of medicines(RUMs). Though there is some early evidence on the NEMPs’ effects on RUMs in China, the evidence is scarce, and conclusions vary. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impacts of the NEMPs of China on the RUMs in the primary health care institutions(PHCs). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010. A total of 201 PHCs from six provinces of China were selected, and 39 181 prescriptions were extracted from January to June, 2010. Six indicators were used and tested by independent-samples T test. We found that the average number of drugs per prescription in PHCs with NEMP implementation(the treatment group) was significantly higher than that of the group without NEMP implementation(the control group)(3.37 vs. 2.83, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the average cost per prescription(81.43 vs. 75.02). The percentage of prescriptions, including an antibiotic(53.40% vs. 36.48%, P<0.01) or an injection(40.54% vs. 27.94%, P<0.01), was higher in the treatment group, and the percentage of drugs prescribed by general name was significantly lower(83.71% vs. 93.11%, P<0.01). For the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential medicines list, the treatment group exhibited the higher ratio(76.12% vs. 53.45%, P<0.01). From this study, the NEMPs were not likely to have a positive impact on RUMs. China still needed efforts to improve the selection, the absence of physicians’ active involvement, and the patients’ habits of irrational medication use.展开更多
Sanming model in healthcare reform has attracted much attention due to its comprehensive and efficient exploration,while its impact on physicians’prescribing behavior remains unknown.In the present study,we aimed to ...Sanming model in healthcare reform has attracted much attention due to its comprehensive and efficient exploration,while its impact on physicians’prescribing behavior remains unknown.In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the impact of Sanming reform on physicians’medicine use in county-level public hospitals.We collected outpatient prescriptions in the internal medicine and pediatric departments from nine county public hospitals in Sanming from January 2011 to December 2017.We used six prescribing indicators to analyze physicians’medicine use.The Mann-Kendall test was used to examine trends in the study outcomes.A total of 1577904 outpatient prescriptions were included in this study.The average prescription rate of antibiotics and combined antibiotics were 57.5%and 12.2%in 2011,respectively,which were declined to 28.2%(P=0.007)and 2.9%(P=0.003)in 2017,respectively.The average prescription rate of injection was 30.2%in 2011 and declined to 5.3%(P=0.003)in 2017.As for the subgroup analysis of the internal medicine and pediatric departments,the average prescription rate of antibiotics was 39.3%and 71.4%in 2011,respectively,which was declined to 10.2%(P=0.003)and 47.3%(P=0.035)in 2017,respectively.The average prescription rate of combined antibiotics was 15.9%and 9.4%in 2011,respectively,which was declined to 2.9%(P=0.003)and 2.9%(P=0.016),respectively.The average prescription rate of injection was 17.8%and 39.6%in 2011,respectively,which was declined to 1.9%(P=0.003)and 9.0%(P=0.003),respectively.Our study showed a significant decreasing trend in antibiotic use in county-level public hospitals after the Sanming healthcare reform,indicating that the reform successfully promoted the appropriate use of medicine to some extent.展开更多
Summary： Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）, as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice （HS） and Chinese patent drug （...Summary： Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）, as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice （HS） and Chinese patent drug （CPD） are commonly used CHM in China. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of CHM among clinicians and cancer patients in central China. Five hundred and twenty-five patients and 165 clinicians in 35 comprehensive hospitals in central China were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the use of CHM. The results showed that 90.74% clinicians and 72.24% cancer patients used CHM during cancer treatment. The educational backgrounds of the clinicians and the age, education level, annual income, and cancer stage of the cancer patients were re- lated to use of CHM. More than 90% clinicians and cancer patients had used CPD. Comparatively, the percentage of HS use was 10% lower than that of CPD use among clinicians and cancer patients. More clinicians preferred to use CHM after surgery than cancer patients did （20.41% vs. 5.37%）. Enhancing physical fitness and improving performance status were regarded as the most potential effect of CHM on cancer treatment （85.71% among clinicians and 94.07% among cancer patients）, in comparison with directly killing tumor cells （24.49% among clinicians and 31.36% among patients）. As for refusal rea- sons, imprecise efficacy was the unanimous （100%） reason for clinicians＇ rejection of CHM, and 95.58% patients objected to using CHM also for this reason. Furthermore, the side effects of CHM were more concerned by clinicians than by patients （33.33% vs. 15.81%）. In conclusion, our survey revealed that CHM was popularly accepted by clinicians and cancer patients in central China. The reasons of use and rejection of CHM were different between clinicians and cancer patients.展开更多
[Objectives]To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders.[Methods]A total of 300 anxiety patients with sleep disorders w...[Objectives]To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders.[Methods]A total of 300 anxiety patients with sleep disorders were randomly selected and divided into a research group and a control group,with 150 cases in each group.The control group was administered with western medicine,and the research group was treated with acupuncture and medicine to compare their clinical treatment effects.[Results]The total effective rate of treatment in the research group was significantly higher than that in the control group;after treatment,both the PSQI and SAS scores of the two groups were significantly reduced,and the reduction degree of the research group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Combined use of acupuncture and medicine to treat sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders has better curative effect and fewer adverse reactions,so it has high clinical application value.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Disagreement exists regarding the need for knowledge about complementary and integrative health（CIH） strategies, as well as for the need to consider such strategies in clinical nursing practice. OBJECT...BACKGROUND： Disagreement exists regarding the need for knowledge about complementary and integrative health（CIH） strategies, as well as for the need to consider such strategies in clinical nursing practice. OBJECTIVE： This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and use of CIH strategies among nurses in Iran. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： A cross-sectional study of nurses working in two hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences, in southeast Iran, was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015. The questionnaire, developed specifically for this research, was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and use of CIH by nurses. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to interpret the survey responses.RESULTS： Most nurses（n=95, 60.5%） have average knowledge about CIH strategies with most holding a positive attitude about use（n=81, 51.6%）. The majority（n=90, 57.3%） of nurses, however, never applied CIH methods. Where CIH was used, massage was most often clinically applied（n=129, 82.2%） and a large percentage believed it useful for treating illness（n=136, 87.9%）. Other CIH methods commonly used included prayer and herbal medicine.CONCLUSION： Nurses have positive attitudes about CIH though knowledge was typically weak. Educational programs should carefully consider how knowledge about CIH methods could be strengthened within curricula.展开更多
Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to p...Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.展开更多
Chu Kedan, Ji Guolu, Shi Hong, Xie Weirong, Zhang Yuqin, Zhang Xiaoqin. Study of the alcohol extraction process of Shenhu granules. Strait Pharmaceutical Journal, 2011, 23（03）： 21-24. Email： chukd5917@ 163.com
The ancient people of our country have accumulated rich experience in prevention of epidemic disease in the course of fighting the epidemic for thousands of years,and invented effective methods of external use of Chin...The ancient people of our country have accumulated rich experience in prevention of epidemic disease in the course of fighting the epidemic for thousands of years,and invented effective methods of external use of Chinese medicine for preventing epidemic,some of these methods have been still used today,in addition to ensuring the health and safety of ancient people in China.In the COVID-19 ravaged China today,all kinds of protective supplies for the general public is difficult to get,so the study of external use of Chinese medicine that preventing epidemic for modern society is still very significant and valuable.According to the characteristics of COVID-19 and the theory of combination of disease-syndrome,based on the applicability and feasibility for modern society,combed out three methods of external use of Chinese medicine,including medicine hanging,medicine smearing and medicine fumigation,and made corresponding application recommendations for hospitals,communities,families to prevent epidemic disease.展开更多
1.Patient's conditionsA 29-year-old man,was infected with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU).He complained that he had dysuria and discomfort in the urethra and mucopurulent discharge,which appeared one week after inte...1.Patient's conditionsA 29-year-old man,was infected with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU).He complained that he had dysuria and discomfort in the urethra and mucopurulent discharge,which appeared one week after intercourse.展开更多
Objective:Irrational medicine consumption practices increase the country's health expenditures and raise public health concerns,challenging sustainable development in multiple ways.The objective of this study is t...Objective:Irrational medicine consumption practices increase the country's health expenditures and raise public health concerns,challenging sustainable development in multiple ways.The objective of this study is to identify the key factors influencing irrational medicine consumption and devise a strategic framework to encourage responsible medicine use.Method:A cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design was used.Study data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis to identify the key factors contributing to irrational medicine consumption.Results:Various factors like cyberchondria coupled with health misinformation,inaccessible healthcare,limited product choices,misleading online pharmacies,and infeasible pharmaceutical regulations act as key drivers of irresponsible medicine consumption.The participants recommended enhancing healthcare access,utilizing technology,promoting health literacy,and updating regulations as strategies to improve responsible medicine use.Against this backdrop,the study proposes a double helix model for responsible consumption of medicines through bilateral efforts from both consumers and the health system.Conclusion:Highlighting the importance of responsible consumption,this paper calls health system actors to action to accelerate the efforts to foster responsible consumption of medicines.展开更多
Astaxanthin is a value-added ketocarotenoid with great potential in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.Genetic engineering of heterologous hosts for astaxanthin production has attracted great attention.In thi...Astaxanthin is a value-added ketocarotenoid with great potential in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.Genetic engineering of heterologous hosts for astaxanthin production has attracted great attention.In this study,we assessed some key factors,including codon usage of the expressed genes,types of promoters,bacterial strains,and culture media,for engineered Escherichia coli to produce astaxanthin.The effect of codon usage was shown to be related to the types of promoters.E.coli DH5a was superior to other strains for astaxanthin production.Different culture media greatly affected the contents and yields of astaxanthin in engineered E.coli.When the expression cassette containing GadE promoter and its driving genes,HpCHY and CrBKT,was inserted into the plasmid pACCAR16DcrtX and expressed in E.coli DH5a,the engineered strain was able to produce 4.30±0.28 mg/g dry cell weight(DCW)or 24.16±2.03 mg/L of astaxanthin,which was a sevenfold or 40-fold increase over the initial production of 0.62±0.03 mg/g DCW or 0.61±0.05 mg/L.展开更多
文摘The intention of current review is to make available up-to-date information on morphology, ecological biodiversity, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacolog-ical activities on different parts of Euphorbia tirucalli (E. tirucalli). This plant has a number of medicinal uses. Latex of E. tirucalli is vesicant and rubefacient which is used for rheumatism, warts, cough, asthma, ear-ache, tooth-ache and neuralgia. It acts as a purgative in small doses while in big doses it is bitter irritant and emetic. Milky juice is alexiteric, carminative and purgative. It is useful in whooping cough, gonorrhea, asthma, leprosy, dropsy, dyspepsia, enlargement of spleen, colic, jaundice and stone in bladder. The fresh milky juice is good alternative in syphilis and a good application in neuralgia. A decoction of branches is used in gastralgia and colic. Bark is used in treatment of fractures. Poultices prepared from the stem are useful to repair the broken bones. Boiled root liquid acts as an emetic in cases of snake-bite and for infertility in women. The wood is used for rafters, toys and veneering purposes. It is also useful against leprosy and foot paralysis subsequent to childbirth. E. tirucalli is reported to have euphol, β-sitosterol, euphorbol hexacosonate, cycloeuphordenol, cyclotirucanenol, tirucalicine, tri-methyl ellagic acid, gallic acids, terpenic alcohol, isoeuphorol, taraxasterol, tirucallol, euphor-one, euphorcinol, euphorbins, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, 12, 20-dideoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate, glut-5-en-3-β-ol, 3,3′-di-O-methylellagic acid, euphorbin-A (polyphenol), tirucallin-A (7) (tannin), tirucallin-B (11), euphorbin-F (14) (dimers), cycloartenol, 24-methylenecycloartenol, ingenol triacetate, 12-deoxy-4β-hydroxyphorbol-13-phenyl acetate-20-acetate, taraxerone, euphorginol, taraxerol, cam-pesterol, stigmasterol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid,β-amyrin, etc. active phytoconstituents. E. tirucalli have possessed activity in human-lymphocytes, analgesic, anthelmintics, antiarthritic, antibacterial/antifungal/antimicrobial, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antioxi-dant, antiviral, biodiesel production, CNS depressant/neuropathic pain, cytotoxicity/anticancer, genotoxic/mutagenic, hepatoprotective, insect repellants, immunomodulatory, larvicidal, molluscicidal/ovicidal/piscicidal, myelopoiesis, proteolytic/chitinolytics phar-macological activities. There is a need to isolate dynamic constituents, their biological trial, molecular mechanisms, experimental protection and legalization of therapeutic uses of E. tirucalli. The collected information will be helpful to locate up study protocol for recent drugs and Ayurvedic formulation expansion in curative and treat a variety of ailments.
基金Supported by Director/CE Chemical UCG Project via Grant No.Chemistry-K10.
文摘The aim of this study is to assess the pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of the Pedalium murex(Linn)(P.murex)and its traditional medicinal uses of different parts of the plant.Flavonoids,phenolic compounds,glycosides,carbohydrates,reducing sugars,phytosterols,tannins,triterpenoids,alkaloids,xanthoproteins,aromatic oil,stable oil,saponins and resins are the main phytochemical groups that have been found in different chemical extracts of P.murex.Pharmacological activities of P.murex have proven its importance for medicinal uses.This review will be helpful to create interest to use P.murex for developing new formulation in therapeutic medicines.
文摘AIM： To search for new antiviral agents from traditional Chinese medicine, specifically anti-enterovirosuses agents. METHODS： The aqueous extracts （AE） of more than 100 traditionally used medicinal plants in China were evaluated for their in vitro anti-Coxsackie virus B3 activities with a MTT-based colorimetric assay. RESULTS： The test for AE of 16 plants exhibited anti- Coxsackie virus B3 activities at different magnitudes of potency. They can inhibit three steps （inactivation, adsorption and replication） during the infection. Among the 16 plants, Sargentodoxa cuneata （Oliv.） Rehd. et Wils., Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep., Paeonia veitchii Lynch, Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. and Cyrtorniurn fortunei J, sm. also have activity against other enterovirus, including Coxsackie virus 135, Polio virus I, Echo virus 9 and Echo virus 29. Cell cytotoxic assay demonstrated that all tested AE had CC50 values higher than their EC50 values. CONCLUSION： The sixteen traditionally used medicinal plants in China possessed antMral activity, and some of them merit further investigations.
文摘Objective:To analyze the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)in the comprehensive service pathway for rational clinical use of western medicines.Methods:A sample of 73 patients undergoing western medicine treatment from December 2024 to March 2025 was selected and divided into groups by lottery.Group A received AI-assisted management for rational clinical use of western medicines,while Group B received conventional management.Thirty-six patients taking oral western medicines were included in Group B.Results:Group A outperformed Group B in terms of the irrationality rate of western medicine usage,drug management scores,adverse reaction rates,complaint rates,and satisfaction levels,with p<0.05.Conclusion:AI-assisted rational clinical use of western medicines enhances drug management quality,reduces the irrationality rate of medication usage,and decreases complaint rates related to western medicine usage.
文摘Objective:To report the indigenous people's uses of plants from a multidimensional perspective in a remote area where strong ethnobotanical cultural practices prevail. Methods:An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in the field during 2014-2016. Ethnobotanical data were gathered from 182 informants through oral interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The distribution of plants was explored using both descriptive and graphical methods. Further,a Multinomial Logit Specification was applied to find out the probability of the occurrence of diverse utilization of plants in multipurpose domains. Results:The study identified 202 plant species distributed among 71 families and 156 genera. Ethnobotanical data indicate that there are more medicinal(36.96%) uses of plants as compared to all other use categories. The output from the Multinomial Logit Specifications(MLS) model reveals that perennial and non-woody plants are exploited more for medicinal and food uses than annual and woody plants. In the context of ethnomedicinal uses,aerial plant parts particularly leaves are more extensively used for the preparation of herbal recipes as compared to underground parts. Conclusions:The results of the study emphasize the need to create awareness among the local communities about the conservation status of plant species in order to maintain a sustainable resource of plant-derived materials into the future. The novel econometric approach employed in this study adds a new insightful methodology to the existing body of literature in the field of ethnobotany. We strongly recommend conservation measures,alongside phytochemical and pharmacological studies on the useful plant species identified in this study in order to ensure their sustainable and effective utilization.
基金The Basic Ability Improvement Project of Young and Middle-aged Professors in Guangxi Universities(2017KY0294)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicines(GKJZ[2014]32)+2 种基金Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicines(GKKY[2013]20)Ethnic Medicine Resources and Application Engineering Research Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(GFGGJH[2020]2605)"The Eighth Batch of Guangxi Specially-employed Expert Projects"(GRCTZ[2019]13).
文摘Endophytes are a type of microorganisms which live in plant tissues and have no obvious disease symptoms to plants,mainly including fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes.Endophytes can produce the same or similar active substances as host plants,so they have become a hot spot in the research of natural medicinal active products in recent years.Endophytes provide abundant resources for searching medicinal active substances because of their abundant species and huge reserves.In this paper,the species,structural characteristics,separation methods and pharmacological studies of active products of endophytic fungi were reviewed,in order to provide theoretical reference for the research of medicinal active components of endophytic fungi.
文摘The morphological characteristics and growth habits of medicinal chrysanthemums are described,the cultivation techniques are summarized from the aspects of nursery,transplanting and field management,and the harvest and primary processing technology are introduced in detail.
文摘Dabie Mountains are located at the junction of Anhui,Henan and Hubei provinces in the East of China.With its varied altitude,climate,and soil texture,Dabie Mountains are extremely rich in wild plant resources.The 12th Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Resources Scientific Expedition Team of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University conducted a study on wild vascular plants resources,especially medicinal vascular plants,through field investigation,literature review and specimen identification.There were 472 species of vascular plants belonging to 347 genera and 125 families collected during July 2018 in this area,of which 424 species were medicinal vascular plants,accounting for 89.83%of the total.From the perspective of medicinal parts,most of the medicinal plants there have values in their roots and rhizomes,as well as the whole plants.The efficacy and characteristics of these pharmaceutical dimensions were also summarized and analyzed in detail.Besides,among the wild vascular plants collected,the most dominant families with the biggest numbers of species are Compositae,Lamiaceae,Liliaceae,Rosaceae,Leguminosae,Ranunculaceae,Saxifragaceae and Polygonaceae,and the dominant genus are Viola and Sedum.In terms of life form,perennial herbs are dominant,accounting for 55.72%of the total species,followed by some annual(or biennial)herbs,shrubs and lianas.Finally,recommendations are put forward for strengthening the protection and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources in Dabie Mountains.
文摘Objective:To observe the clinical effects of the combined use of acupuncture and herbal medicine for treatment of chloasma.Methods:Totally 60 patients were randomly divided into a treatment group of 30 cases,treated by acupuncture and herbal medicine,and a control group of 30 cases,administered Vitamin C and Vitamin E.The clinical effects were observed.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group is 93.3%better than that of the control group(76.7%) ,the difference was significant(P<0.01) .Conclusion:Combined use of acupuncture and herbal medicine may yield definite therapeutic effects in treating chloasma patients.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71303011,71774005)
文摘Irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide, and it is believed there would be positive correlation between the National Essential Medicines Policies(NEMPs) and the level of rational use of medicines(RUMs). Though there is some early evidence on the NEMPs’ effects on RUMs in China, the evidence is scarce, and conclusions vary. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the impacts of the NEMPs of China on the RUMs in the primary health care institutions(PHCs). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2010. A total of 201 PHCs from six provinces of China were selected, and 39 181 prescriptions were extracted from January to June, 2010. Six indicators were used and tested by independent-samples T test. We found that the average number of drugs per prescription in PHCs with NEMP implementation(the treatment group) was significantly higher than that of the group without NEMP implementation(the control group)(3.37 vs. 2.83, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the average cost per prescription(81.43 vs. 75.02). The percentage of prescriptions, including an antibiotic(53.40% vs. 36.48%, P<0.01) or an injection(40.54% vs. 27.94%, P<0.01), was higher in the treatment group, and the percentage of drugs prescribed by general name was significantly lower(83.71% vs. 93.11%, P<0.01). For the percentage of drugs prescribed from essential medicines list, the treatment group exhibited the higher ratio(76.12% vs. 53.45%, P<0.01). From this study, the NEMPs were not likely to have a positive impact on RUMs. China still needed efforts to improve the selection, the absence of physicians’ active involvement, and the patients’ habits of irrational medication use.
基金the Health and Family Planning Commission of Sanming for their support and cooperation
文摘Sanming model in healthcare reform has attracted much attention due to its comprehensive and efficient exploration,while its impact on physicians’prescribing behavior remains unknown.In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the impact of Sanming reform on physicians’medicine use in county-level public hospitals.We collected outpatient prescriptions in the internal medicine and pediatric departments from nine county public hospitals in Sanming from January 2011 to December 2017.We used six prescribing indicators to analyze physicians’medicine use.The Mann-Kendall test was used to examine trends in the study outcomes.A total of 1577904 outpatient prescriptions were included in this study.The average prescription rate of antibiotics and combined antibiotics were 57.5%and 12.2%in 2011,respectively,which were declined to 28.2%(P=0.007)and 2.9%(P=0.003)in 2017,respectively.The average prescription rate of injection was 30.2%in 2011 and declined to 5.3%(P=0.003)in 2017.As for the subgroup analysis of the internal medicine and pediatric departments,the average prescription rate of antibiotics was 39.3%and 71.4%in 2011,respectively,which was declined to 10.2%(P=0.003)and 47.3%(P=0.035)in 2017,respectively.The average prescription rate of combined antibiotics was 15.9%and 9.4%in 2011,respectively,which was declined to 2.9%(P=0.003)and 2.9%(P=0.016),respectively.The average prescription rate of injection was 17.8%and 39.6%in 2011,respectively,which was declined to 1.9%(P=0.003)and 9.0%(P=0.003),respectively.Our study showed a significant decreasing trend in antibiotic use in county-level public hospitals after the Sanming healthcare reform,indicating that the reform successfully promoted the appropriate use of medicine to some extent.
基金supported by Hubei Provincial Health Department Research Fund Project of China(No.2012Z-Y10)
文摘Summary： Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）, as the largest application category of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, is widely accepted among cancer patients in China. Herbal slice （HS） and Chinese patent drug （CPD） are commonly used CHM in China. This study aimed to investigate the utilization of CHM among clinicians and cancer patients in central China. Five hundred and twenty-five patients and 165 clinicians in 35 comprehensive hospitals in central China were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire that was designed to evaluate the use of CHM. The results showed that 90.74% clinicians and 72.24% cancer patients used CHM during cancer treatment. The educational backgrounds of the clinicians and the age, education level, annual income, and cancer stage of the cancer patients were re- lated to use of CHM. More than 90% clinicians and cancer patients had used CPD. Comparatively, the percentage of HS use was 10% lower than that of CPD use among clinicians and cancer patients. More clinicians preferred to use CHM after surgery than cancer patients did （20.41% vs. 5.37%）. Enhancing physical fitness and improving performance status were regarded as the most potential effect of CHM on cancer treatment （85.71% among clinicians and 94.07% among cancer patients）, in comparison with directly killing tumor cells （24.49% among clinicians and 31.36% among patients）. As for refusal rea- sons, imprecise efficacy was the unanimous （100%） reason for clinicians＇ rejection of CHM, and 95.58% patients objected to using CHM also for this reason. Furthermore, the side effects of CHM were more concerned by clinicians than by patients （33.33% vs. 15.81%）. In conclusion, our survey revealed that CHM was popularly accepted by clinicians and cancer patients in central China. The reasons of use and rejection of CHM were different between clinicians and cancer patients.
文摘[Objectives]To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders.[Methods]A total of 300 anxiety patients with sleep disorders were randomly selected and divided into a research group and a control group,with 150 cases in each group.The control group was administered with western medicine,and the research group was treated with acupuncture and medicine to compare their clinical treatment effects.[Results]The total effective rate of treatment in the research group was significantly higher than that in the control group;after treatment,both the PSQI and SAS scores of the two groups were significantly reduced,and the reduction degree of the research group was higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Combined use of acupuncture and medicine to treat sleep disorders in patients with anxiety disorders has better curative effect and fewer adverse reactions,so it has high clinical application value.
文摘BACKGROUND： Disagreement exists regarding the need for knowledge about complementary and integrative health（CIH） strategies, as well as for the need to consider such strategies in clinical nursing practice. OBJECTIVE： This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and use of CIH strategies among nurses in Iran. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： A cross-sectional study of nurses working in two hospitals of Zabol University of Medical Sciences, in southeast Iran, was conducted from October 2014 to April 2015. The questionnaire, developed specifically for this research, was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and use of CIH by nurses. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to interpret the survey responses.RESULTS： Most nurses（n=95, 60.5%） have average knowledge about CIH strategies with most holding a positive attitude about use（n=81, 51.6%）. The majority（n=90, 57.3%） of nurses, however, never applied CIH methods. Where CIH was used, massage was most often clinically applied（n=129, 82.2%） and a large percentage believed it useful for treating illness（n=136, 87.9%）. Other CIH methods commonly used included prayer and herbal medicine.CONCLUSION： Nurses have positive attitudes about CIH though knowledge was typically weak. Educational programs should carefully consider how knowledge about CIH methods could be strengthened within curricula.
文摘Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.
文摘Chu Kedan, Ji Guolu, Shi Hong, Xie Weirong, Zhang Yuqin, Zhang Xiaoqin. Study of the alcohol extraction process of Shenhu granules. Strait Pharmaceutical Journal, 2011, 23（03）： 21-24. Email： chukd5917@ 163.com
基金Special funding project of novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)tackled by science and technology in Hainan Medical University(No.XGZX2020006)Key research base of philosophy and social sciences in Shanxi province,project of Shanxi health culture research center(No.JK-WH2019-Y16)
文摘The ancient people of our country have accumulated rich experience in prevention of epidemic disease in the course of fighting the epidemic for thousands of years,and invented effective methods of external use of Chinese medicine for preventing epidemic,some of these methods have been still used today,in addition to ensuring the health and safety of ancient people in China.In the COVID-19 ravaged China today,all kinds of protective supplies for the general public is difficult to get,so the study of external use of Chinese medicine that preventing epidemic for modern society is still very significant and valuable.According to the characteristics of COVID-19 and the theory of combination of disease-syndrome,based on the applicability and feasibility for modern society,combed out three methods of external use of Chinese medicine,including medicine hanging,medicine smearing and medicine fumigation,and made corresponding application recommendations for hospitals,communities,families to prevent epidemic disease.
文摘1.Patient's conditionsA 29-year-old man,was infected with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU).He complained that he had dysuria and discomfort in the urethra and mucopurulent discharge,which appeared one week after intercourse.
文摘Objective:Irrational medicine consumption practices increase the country's health expenditures and raise public health concerns,challenging sustainable development in multiple ways.The objective of this study is to identify the key factors influencing irrational medicine consumption and devise a strategic framework to encourage responsible medicine use.Method:A cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design was used.Study data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis to identify the key factors contributing to irrational medicine consumption.Results:Various factors like cyberchondria coupled with health misinformation,inaccessible healthcare,limited product choices,misleading online pharmacies,and infeasible pharmaceutical regulations act as key drivers of irresponsible medicine consumption.The participants recommended enhancing healthcare access,utilizing technology,promoting health literacy,and updating regulations as strategies to improve responsible medicine use.Against this backdrop,the study proposes a double helix model for responsible consumption of medicines through bilateral efforts from both consumers and the health system.Conclusion:Highlighting the importance of responsible consumption,this paper calls health system actors to action to accelerate the efforts to foster responsible consumption of medicines.
基金support provided during her stay and research and to the Brazilian Research Council(CNPq)for the postdoctoral grant(Proc.237072/2012-2)grateful to the Sao Paulo State Research Foundation for the postdoctoral grant(FAPESP Proc.2015/10855-9).
文摘Astaxanthin is a value-added ketocarotenoid with great potential in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.Genetic engineering of heterologous hosts for astaxanthin production has attracted great attention.In this study,we assessed some key factors,including codon usage of the expressed genes,types of promoters,bacterial strains,and culture media,for engineered Escherichia coli to produce astaxanthin.The effect of codon usage was shown to be related to the types of promoters.E.coli DH5a was superior to other strains for astaxanthin production.Different culture media greatly affected the contents and yields of astaxanthin in engineered E.coli.When the expression cassette containing GadE promoter and its driving genes,HpCHY and CrBKT,was inserted into the plasmid pACCAR16DcrtX and expressed in E.coli DH5a,the engineered strain was able to produce 4.30±0.28 mg/g dry cell weight(DCW)or 24.16±2.03 mg/L of astaxanthin,which was a sevenfold or 40-fold increase over the initial production of 0.62±0.03 mg/g DCW or 0.61±0.05 mg/L.
