Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine on insomnia rats. Methods Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal c...Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine on insomnia rats. Methods Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal control group （control group）, a sham operation group, a model group and a treatment group, with 15 rats in each group. In the model group and treatment group, insomnia model were established by injecting orexin into lateral ventricle of rats. In the sham operation group, artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected into lateral ventricle of rats, and the rats in control group were not treated. On the basis of modeling, the rats in treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine which was conducted once a day, and the treatment lasted for 14 days. The expression of orexin mRNA and orexin content were detected, and the changes of associated receptors, including orexin 1 receptor （OX I R） and orexin 2 receptor （OX 2 R） were observed. Results The expression of orexin mRNA in model group （6.54 ± 1.21） significantly increased when compared with control group （0.66±0.12, P〈0.01）, and orexin content in model group [（i 156.35±126.88） pg/mL] significantly increased when compared with control group [（427.12_± 32.54） pg/mL, P〈O.OI]. The expression of orexin mRNA in treatment group （0.87 ± 0.26） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）, and orexin content in the treatment group [（585.23 ± 89.21） pg/mL] significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX I R positive cells in the model group （0.64±0.15） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.21±0.03, P〈0.01）, and the percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in the model group （0.76±0.18） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.24±0.01, P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX 1 R positive cells in the treatment group （0.36_±0.08） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）. The percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in treatment group （0.25_± 0.03） significantly reduced when compared with model group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion It might be an effective link of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine in treatment of insomnia that the treatment could inhibit the awakening promotion effect of orexin by affecting orexin, OX I R and OX 2 R.展开更多
Objective To observe the application of acupuncture at distal points combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders（TMD） and to evaluate its effectiveness. Meth...Objective To observe the application of acupuncture at distal points combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders（TMD） and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods A total of 120 patients with TMD were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table and random number remainder method. Sixty-two patients in acupuncture combined with cupping group（group A） were treated with acupuncture at Hég（合谷 LI 4） and Tàichōng（太冲 LR 3） combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts with Sānqī（三七 Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng） and Báizh（白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae）. Fifty-eight patients in cupping group（group B） were just treated with medicated cupping. Patients were treated for 30 min each time, once daily, and 10 times were considered as one course of treatment. After one course of treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Before and after treatment, craniomandihular index（CMI）, dysfunction index（DI）, palpation index（Pl） and changes in pain degree（VAS score） were compared. Results Before and after treatment, CMI in group A were 0.27±0.02 and 0.04±0.01, respectively, and in group B were 0.29±0.02 and 0.06±0.01, respectively; PI in group A were 0.19±0.01 and 0.05±0.03, respectively, and in group B were 0.18±0.02 and 0.11±0.02, respectively; DI in group A were 0.33±0.04 and 0.06±0.02, respectively, and in group B were 0.34±0.05 and 0.11±0.04, respectively; VAS in group A were 5.39±0.24 and 2.13±0.47, respectively, and in group B were 5.70±0.31 and 3.97±0.26, respectively. After treatment, CMI, DI, PI and VAS in both groups significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment（all P0.01）, and the indices in group A were significantly lower than that in group B after treatment（all P0.05）, indicating that the difference was significant. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of acupuncture at distal points combined with cupping at adjacent points in treatment of TMD is superior to that of single medicated cupping therapy.展开更多
This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic...This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic medicine.展开更多
Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide.This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years,aiming to reveal the developm...Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide.This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years,aiming to reveal the development process and current situation of the safflower industry in China and around the world by analyzing patent application trends,patent technology characteristics,advantageous industries and regions,patent quality,etc.The analysis shows that safflower patent applications are generally increasing,and the period 2010-2016 is characterized by the rapid development of patent applications.The technical features of global patents are mainly concentrated in pharmaceutical preparations,cosmetics,food and health care,various beverages,animal feed,safflower cultivation and harvesting equipment,and safflower seed oil.During the rapid development of patent applications,safflower was further developed in cosmetics,edible oil,and harvesting equipment.In addition,patent applications in rheumatism and bone diseases have increased,with the potential for development.China is the leading region for researching and developing medicinal safflower patents,especially Shandong and Henan provinces.Foreign patents are more focused on the value development of safflower seed oil in food and chemicals.Compared to the major countries and organizations that apply for safflower patents on a global scale,the quality of Chinese safflower patents is medium,and more awareness of patent protection is required.This paper provides suggestions for the subsequent development of the safflower industry,summarizes and analyzes the development trend of safflower patents,and provides new ideas to obtain innovative patent results.展开更多
Gaofang(medicated paste),also known as gaoji in Chinese,is one of the eight dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine.Originated in the Han and Tang dynasties,it is widely used in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Guan...Gaofang(medicated paste),also known as gaoji in Chinese,is one of the eight dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine.Originated in the Han and Tang dynasties,it is widely used in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Guangdong of China at present.It is generally believed that Gaofang can help reinforce deficiency,delay aging,and regulate the overall health status.Currently,Gaofang has been extensively used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.Based on the relevant literature and clinical experience,this article reviews the general situation and the clinical application of Gaofang as well as the common Chinese medicines in Gaofang for cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion is a kind of external therapy with ethnic medicine characteristics that spreads in Guangxi Zhuang region.It has a wide range of clinical application and significant curativ...Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion is a kind of external therapy with ethnic medicine characteristics that spreads in Guangxi Zhuang region.It has a wide range of clinical application and significant curative effect,and can be used to treat diseases such as internal medicine,surgery,dermatology,gynecology,pediatrics,and five sense organs.Through reviewing and combing the literature on the Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion in recent years,this paper summarizes and prospects its clinical application,with a view to further explaining the basic principles and application rules of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion and digging its clinical value.展开更多
The medicated moxa stick was made by moxa wool combining with Chinesemedicines of strengthening the body resistance and reinforcing the spleen.74 patients of spleendeficiency were treated by using the above stick at t...The medicated moxa stick was made by moxa wool combining with Chinesemedicines of strengthening the body resistance and reinforcing the spleen.74 patients of spleendeficiency were treated by using the above stick at the points as Zusanli（ST 36）,Guanyuan（CV4）,Zhongwan（CV 12）,and Xuehai（SP 10）,the other 41 patients were treated by pure moxastick as control.The results showed that the cardinal symptoms of spleen deficiency were greatlyimproved after treatment with medicated moxibustion（P【0.01）.The markedly effective rate ac-counted for 78.38％ and the total effective rate was 94.59％.It was obviously better than that ofconrol group（P【0.05）.展开更多
Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating S...Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicated Bath”is drawn up by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals.The specification includes definition,operating process,points for attention and contraindications.It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore whether fat mass and obesity associated proteins(FTO) is an important target of Qiteng Xiaozhuo granules(QTXZG,芪藤消浊颗粒) medicated serum in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of glomerular...OBJECTIVE:To explore whether fat mass and obesity associated proteins(FTO) is an important target of Qiteng Xiaozhuo granules(QTXZG,芪藤消浊颗粒) medicated serum in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells.METHODS:Medicated serum was obtained from Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats administered intragastrically with QTXZG decoction.The optimal concentration and intervention time of medicated serum were selected with the cell counting kit 8 assay.Cell proliferation was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine(Ed U) and cell apoptosis was investigated using flow cytometry.The expression of FTO,Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,Cyclin D1,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2) and BCL2 assaciated X was detected by Western blot and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Quantification of the m6A RNA methylation was utilized to determine the total level of m6A methylation modification.RESULTS:Ed U and flow cytometry assays revealed that QTXZG medicated serum can remarkably inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced human glomerular mesangial cells(HGMCs).The FTO overexpression plasmid could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of LPS-induced HGMCs.The FTO inhibitor(FB23-2) can significantly attenuate the effect of QTZXG medicated serum on inhibiting excessive proliferation and promoting apoptosis.QTXZG medicated serum can significantly increase FTO expression and decrease the level of m6A methylation modification.CONCLUSIONS:FTO is a key target for QTXZG medicated serum in inhibiting excessive proliferation and promoting apoptosis of human glomerular mesangial cells.展开更多
Observation of stilbene dropping pill and yiqi drug-containing serum influence mechanism of vascular smooth muscle proliferation， cell cycle and Cyclin D1 and CDK4Choose male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 gr...Observation of stilbene dropping pill and yiqi drug-containing serum influence mechanism of vascular smooth muscle proliferation， cell cycle and Cyclin D1 and CDK4Choose male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups， lavage qishen yiqi pill and the gastric saline group，extract the drug-containing serum and normal serum；To set the two groups of serum respectively different concentrations，concentration in different time by CCK8 detection effects on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， select best concentration and action time.Flow cytometry instrument and high-throughput screening detect serum medicated effect on vascular smooth muscle cell cycle；Western blot detect the drug-containing serum of cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression.Result is 5%， 10% medicated serum inhibits cell proliferation significantly higher than the normal serum concentrations of same within 24 h， 48 h.G1 phase cells 5% medicated serum group was obviously higher than that of 5% in normal group (P<005)， serum and cell proliferation index significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005)，At the same time， Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005).Conclusion serum of qishen yiqi pill can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， may be through inhibiting cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression， block the cell cycle G1 process is closely related to the role.展开更多
The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)medicated bath,as an essential component of TCM therapy,possesses profound historical significance and broad application prospects.This article focuses on the research and developm...The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)medicated bath,as an essential component of TCM therapy,possesses profound historical significance and broad application prospects.This article focuses on the research and development of the TCM medicated bath.As a form of external treatment within TCM,the medicated bath demonstrates unique efficacy and wide applicability,offering significant advantages in health management,disease prevention,and treatment.This paper analyzes the historical origins,mechanisms of action,development,clinical applications,and existing challenges of medicated baths from various perspectives.Finally,it explores future directions for TCM medicated baths,emphasizing the need for strengthened multidisciplinary cooperation,foundational research,and clinical studies to foster innovation and development.This approach aims to provide safer and more effective therapeutic options for human health.展开更多
Objective: To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule(补肾强脊颗粒, BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) fibroblasts. Methods: Hip joint capsules were obtained from...Objective: To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule(补肾强脊颗粒, BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) fibroblasts. Methods: Hip joint capsules were obtained from AS patients(n=10) receiving total hip replacement and healthy hip joint capsules from patients with hip fracture(n=10) receiving surgery as a control. Finite fibroblast lines were established from these tissue samples to observe the effect of BSQJ on suppressing osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts. The expression of osteogenic marker gene corebinding factor a1(Cbfa1) and Smad family proteins were examined by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The m RNA expression level of Cbfa1 was significantly higher in AS fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts and the expression of p Smad1, p Smad5, Smad4 and Cbfa1 in AS fibroblasts was also higher, demonstrating the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway in AS fibroblasts. BSQJ-medicated serum not only restrained the m RNA and protein expression levels of Cbfa1 and inhibited protein expression level of Smad4 but also decreased the expression quantities of p Smad1 and p Smad5. Conclusions: BSQJ can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts in vitro by suppressing the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway. This may be the important molecular mechanism of BSQJ in regulating AS ossification.展开更多
Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion(ZMTM)on psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 241 o...Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion(ZMTM)on psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 241 outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into a control group(120 cases)and a treatment group(121 cases)using a central block randomization from June 2015 to May 2018.The control group was treated with Western medicines alone including pidotimod dispersible tablets,vitamin B compound tablets,and compound cod liver oil-zinc oxide ointment.The treatment group was treated with ZMTM every 2 days combined with Western medicines.The two groups received continuous intervention for 30 days.The primary outcome was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI),and the secondary outcomes included Itch Rating Scale,Dermatology Quality of Life Index(DLQI),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),as well as PASI response rate.Meanwhile,adverse events were evaluated during the whole clinical trial.Follow-up was carried out 30 days after treatment.Results:There were 5 cases of shedding in this trial.In intention-to-treat analysis,236 cases were included and each group contained 118 cases.On the 30th and 60th days,PASI scores of patients in each group were significantly lower than that at baseline(P<0.01)and the PASI score reduction of the treatment group was greater than that of the control group(P<0.01).Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA scale were decreased in both groups after treatment,and the treatment group showed a better therapeutic effect(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 were significantly higher than those in the control group[81.4%(96/118),43.2%(51/118)vs.41.5%(49/118),11.0%(13/118),respectively,P<0.05].During follow-up,the improvements in scores of PASI,Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA of the treatment group were significantly greater than those of the control group(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group,respectively(both P<0.05).No obvious adverse reaction was found in either group.Conclusion:ZMTM combined with Western medicines showed a better therapeutic effect in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris without obvious adverse reaction.(Trial Registration No.ChiCTR-IOR-16008159)展开更多
Thirty-one cases of infant respiratory tract infection were treated by no-pain health-care Tuina plus medicated bath. Since the therapeutic effects were satisfactory, so parents and infants are willing to accept. Key ...Thirty-one cases of infant respiratory tract infection were treated by no-pain health-care Tuina plus medicated bath. Since the therapeutic effects were satisfactory, so parents and infants are willing to accept. Key Words Medicated Bath - Respiratory Tract Infection - Child - Tuina Massage Author: Li Jie(1961-), female, attending physicianTranslator: Wu Xue-fei展开更多
Background:Drama therapy as a discipline in clinical and public health areas dates back to movements in the Netherlands,Great Britain and the United States of America in the 1960s.Today,drama therapy comprises a huge ...Background:Drama therapy as a discipline in clinical and public health areas dates back to movements in the Netherlands,Great Britain and the United States of America in the 1960s.Today,drama therapy comprises a huge variety of methods and is applied in numerous medical domains such as psychiatry,pediatrics and neurogeriatrics.Nonetheless,historical and philosophical considerations suggest that at all times dramatic arts have encompassed curative potential and helped to promote mental health.Regarding this perspective,the present article aims to explore the spirit of drama therapy in ancient Chinese and Greek cultures.Methods:Involving cross-cultural psychiatry and medical anthropology,comparative research centred around salutary momentums inhering in drama and dramatic practices in Ancient China and Greece.The entire research process consisted of three phases:(i)screening of ancient Chinese and Greek dramatic rituals and arts to select phenomena and genres with pathological,therapeutic and mental health relevance;(ii)medical ontological processing,in particular from a psychopathological,psychiatric,psychotherapeutic and mental health scientific point of view,to explore and elucidate their curative and preventative features;(iii)transdisciplinary considerations about the evolution of drama therapy,as well as their diverse modes of artistic and medical reasoning.Results:The research process resulted in the identification of five(functional)roots of drama therapy,as well as public health benefits of dramatic arts:(i)dramatic rituals,stage-trance settings and spiritual immersion,(ii)mise-en-scène of divine spheres and alternative worlds,as well as scenic imagination and creative fusion of reality and fantasy,desire and satisfaction,(iii)anthropologic ontology,search of meaning and self-actualisation‘beyond codes and conventions’,(iv)personality traits and differential psychological symbolism,aesthetic self-exploration and auxiliary egos,(v)introjection and role-identity,inventive ways to tackle life problems,‘working through’and catharsis.Conclusion:Interdisciplinary constructivist reasoning suggests that dramatic arts and drama therapy share similar health promoting potential and innate therapeutic power.This calls for further research(i)to explore the entire spectrum of curative factors inhering in dramatic entities,(ii)to explain how drama-based interventions may alleviate mental-health issues alongside culturally sensitive differential diagnostic guidelines,and(iii)to optimise beneficial effects through advanced drama therapeutic settings.The present study suggests that dramatic arts shall also be studied with regard to public health challenges,self-regulation and self-care,mental resilience,well-being and quality of life,and emphatically advocates intensified collaboration between drama theory and drama therapy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as exp...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
The integration of machine learning(ML)technology with Internet of Things(IoT)systems produces essential changes in healthcare operations.Healthcare personnel can track patients around the clock thanks to healthcare I...The integration of machine learning(ML)technology with Internet of Things(IoT)systems produces essential changes in healthcare operations.Healthcare personnel can track patients around the clock thanks to healthcare IoT(H-IoT)technology,which also provides proactive statistical findings and precise medical diagnoses that enhance healthcare performance.This study examines how ML might support IoT-based health care systems,namely in the areas of prognostic systems,disease detection,patient tracking,and healthcare operations control.The study looks at the benefits and drawbacks of several machine learning techniques for H-IoT applications.It also examines the fundamental problems,such as data security and cyberthreats,as well as the high processing demands that these systems face.Alongside this,the essay discusses the advantages of all the technologies,including machine learning,deep learning,and the Internet of Things,as well as the significant difficulties and problems that arise when integrating the technology into healthcare forecasts.展开更多
With the industrialization of agriculture and the advancement of medical care,human life expectancy has increased considerably and continues to rise steadily.This results in novel and unprecedented challenges,namely o...With the industrialization of agriculture and the advancement of medical care,human life expectancy has increased considerably and continues to rise steadily.This results in novel and unprecedented challenges,namely obesity and neurodegeneration.展开更多
Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of de...Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81360579
文摘Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine on insomnia rats. Methods Sixty SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a normal control group （control group）, a sham operation group, a model group and a treatment group, with 15 rats in each group. In the model group and treatment group, insomnia model were established by injecting orexin into lateral ventricle of rats. In the sham operation group, artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected into lateral ventricle of rats, and the rats in control group were not treated. On the basis of modeling, the rats in treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine which was conducted once a day, and the treatment lasted for 14 days. The expression of orexin mRNA and orexin content were detected, and the changes of associated receptors, including orexin 1 receptor （OX I R） and orexin 2 receptor （OX 2 R） were observed. Results The expression of orexin mRNA in model group （6.54 ± 1.21） significantly increased when compared with control group （0.66±0.12, P〈0.01）, and orexin content in model group [（i 156.35±126.88） pg/mL] significantly increased when compared with control group [（427.12_± 32.54） pg/mL, P〈O.OI]. The expression of orexin mRNA in treatment group （0.87 ± 0.26） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）, and orexin content in the treatment group [（585.23 ± 89.21） pg/mL] significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX I R positive cells in the model group （0.64±0.15） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.21±0.03, P〈0.01）, and the percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in the model group （0.76±0.18） significantly increased when compared with the control group （0.24±0.01, P〈O.01）. The percentage of OX 1 R positive cells in the treatment group （0.36_±0.08） significantly reduced when compared with the model group （P〈0.01）. The percentage of OX 2 R positive cells in treatment group （0.25_± 0.03） significantly reduced when compared with model group （P〈0.01）. Conclusion It might be an effective link of acupuncture combined with medicated thread moxibustion of Zhuang medicine in treatment of insomnia that the treatment could inhibit the awakening promotion effect of orexin by affecting orexin, OX I R and OX 2 R.
文摘Objective To observe the application of acupuncture at distal points combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders（TMD） and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods A total of 120 patients with TMD were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table and random number remainder method. Sixty-two patients in acupuncture combined with cupping group（group A） were treated with acupuncture at Hég（合谷 LI 4） and Tàichōng（太冲 LR 3） combined with medicated cupping on the affected parts with Sānqī（三七 Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng） and Báizh（白芷 Radix Angelicae Dahuricae）. Fifty-eight patients in cupping group（group B） were just treated with medicated cupping. Patients were treated for 30 min each time, once daily, and 10 times were considered as one course of treatment. After one course of treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Before and after treatment, craniomandihular index（CMI）, dysfunction index（DI）, palpation index（Pl） and changes in pain degree（VAS score） were compared. Results Before and after treatment, CMI in group A were 0.27±0.02 and 0.04±0.01, respectively, and in group B were 0.29±0.02 and 0.06±0.01, respectively; PI in group A were 0.19±0.01 and 0.05±0.03, respectively, and in group B were 0.18±0.02 and 0.11±0.02, respectively; DI in group A were 0.33±0.04 and 0.06±0.02, respectively, and in group B were 0.34±0.05 and 0.11±0.04, respectively; VAS in group A were 5.39±0.24 and 2.13±0.47, respectively, and in group B were 5.70±0.31 and 3.97±0.26, respectively. After treatment, CMI, DI, PI and VAS in both groups significantly decreased when compared with those before treatment（all P0.01）, and the indices in group A were significantly lower than that in group B after treatment（all P0.05）, indicating that the difference was significant. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of acupuncture at distal points combined with cupping at adjacent points in treatment of TMD is superior to that of single medicated cupping therapy.
基金Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(YCSY2022012)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Guangxi Autonomous Region(S202110600127).
文摘This paper summarizes the mechanism,methods and characteristics of Zhuang folk medicated bath,as well as the composition and application of prescriptions,which provides a basis for the popularization of Chinese ethnic medicine.
基金the National Famous and Old Chinese Medicine Expert Inheritance Studio of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine([2019]No.41)The key research and development projects of Sichuan Science and Technology Plan(2020YFN0152,2021YFYZ0012-5)+1 种基金Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Xinglin Scholars"Discipline Talents Research Promotion Program(CXTD2018003,QJRC2022025)Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202209).
文摘Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide.This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years,aiming to reveal the development process and current situation of the safflower industry in China and around the world by analyzing patent application trends,patent technology characteristics,advantageous industries and regions,patent quality,etc.The analysis shows that safflower patent applications are generally increasing,and the period 2010-2016 is characterized by the rapid development of patent applications.The technical features of global patents are mainly concentrated in pharmaceutical preparations,cosmetics,food and health care,various beverages,animal feed,safflower cultivation and harvesting equipment,and safflower seed oil.During the rapid development of patent applications,safflower was further developed in cosmetics,edible oil,and harvesting equipment.In addition,patent applications in rheumatism and bone diseases have increased,with the potential for development.China is the leading region for researching and developing medicinal safflower patents,especially Shandong and Henan provinces.Foreign patents are more focused on the value development of safflower seed oil in food and chemicals.Compared to the major countries and organizations that apply for safflower patents on a global scale,the quality of Chinese safflower patents is medium,and more awareness of patent protection is required.This paper provides suggestions for the subsequent development of the safflower industry,summarizes and analyzes the development trend of safflower patents,and provides new ideas to obtain innovative patent results.
基金financed by the grants from Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Expert Heritage Studio Construction Project(No.2020ZYGZS-002)Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing and Inheritance Base of Shanghai Health and Wellness Committee(No.30304118220)Chinese Medicine Research Project of Shanghai Health and Wellness Committee(No.2020YP001).
文摘Gaofang(medicated paste),also known as gaoji in Chinese,is one of the eight dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicine.Originated in the Han and Tang dynasties,it is widely used in Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Guangdong of China at present.It is generally believed that Gaofang can help reinforce deficiency,delay aging,and regulate the overall health status.Currently,Gaofang has been extensively used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.Based on the relevant literature and clinical experience,this article reviews the general situation and the clinical application of Gaofang as well as the common Chinese medicines in Gaofang for cardiovascular diseases.
基金"Zhuang medicine",a key discipline of traditional Chinese medicine in Guangxi(No.GZXK-Z-20-60),the project to improve the basic scientific research ability of young and middle-aged teachers in Guangxi universities(No.2020KY07023),and the scientific research project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.GXZYZ20210456).
文摘Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion is a kind of external therapy with ethnic medicine characteristics that spreads in Guangxi Zhuang region.It has a wide range of clinical application and significant curative effect,and can be used to treat diseases such as internal medicine,surgery,dermatology,gynecology,pediatrics,and five sense organs.Through reviewing and combing the literature on the Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion in recent years,this paper summarizes and prospects its clinical application,with a view to further explaining the basic principles and application rules of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion and digging its clinical value.
文摘The medicated moxa stick was made by moxa wool combining with Chinesemedicines of strengthening the body resistance and reinforcing the spleen.74 patients of spleendeficiency were treated by using the above stick at the points as Zusanli（ST 36）,Guanyuan（CV4）,Zhongwan（CV 12）,and Xuehai（SP 10）,the other 41 patients were treated by pure moxastick as control.The results showed that the cardinal symptoms of spleen deficiency were greatlyimproved after treatment with medicated moxibustion（P【0.01）.The markedly effective rate ac-counted for 78.38％ and the total effective rate was 94.59％.It was obviously better than that ofconrol group（P【0.05）.
基金National Key R&D Plan:Development of International Standards for Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology(No.2019YFC1712003)。
文摘Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),which has been widely used clinically.The“International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques:The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicated Bath”is drawn up by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals.The specification includes definition,operating process,points for attention and contraindications.It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China:Lnc NONRATG001910.2 Competitively Binds miR-339 to Regulate the Mechanism of Syk Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Nephritis and the Intervention of Qiteng Xiaozhuo Particles (No.81973546)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Natural Science in Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province:Study on the Mechanism of FTO-Mediated FOXO6 mRNA m6A Modification Regulating the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Glomerular Mesangial Cells (No.2022AH050747)Natural General Projects of Chaohu University:Expression and Target Analysis of miR-155-5p in Kidney Tissue of CGN Rats (No.XLY-201912)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore whether fat mass and obesity associated proteins(FTO) is an important target of Qiteng Xiaozhuo granules(QTXZG,芪藤消浊颗粒) medicated serum in regulating proliferation and apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells.METHODS:Medicated serum was obtained from Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats administered intragastrically with QTXZG decoction.The optimal concentration and intervention time of medicated serum were selected with the cell counting kit 8 assay.Cell proliferation was assessed by 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine(Ed U) and cell apoptosis was investigated using flow cytometry.The expression of FTO,Proliferating cell nuclear antigen,Cyclin D1,B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2) and BCL2 assaciated X was detected by Western blot and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,respectively.Quantification of the m6A RNA methylation was utilized to determine the total level of m6A methylation modification.RESULTS:Ed U and flow cytometry assays revealed that QTXZG medicated serum can remarkably inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced human glomerular mesangial cells(HGMCs).The FTO overexpression plasmid could inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis of LPS-induced HGMCs.The FTO inhibitor(FB23-2) can significantly attenuate the effect of QTZXG medicated serum on inhibiting excessive proliferation and promoting apoptosis.QTXZG medicated serum can significantly increase FTO expression and decrease the level of m6A methylation modification.CONCLUSIONS:FTO is a key target for QTXZG medicated serum in inhibiting excessive proliferation and promoting apoptosis of human glomerular mesangial cells.
文摘Observation of stilbene dropping pill and yiqi drug-containing serum influence mechanism of vascular smooth muscle proliferation， cell cycle and Cyclin D1 and CDK4Choose male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups， lavage qishen yiqi pill and the gastric saline group，extract the drug-containing serum and normal serum；To set the two groups of serum respectively different concentrations，concentration in different time by CCK8 detection effects on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， select best concentration and action time.Flow cytometry instrument and high-throughput screening detect serum medicated effect on vascular smooth muscle cell cycle；Western blot detect the drug-containing serum of cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression.Result is 5%， 10% medicated serum inhibits cell proliferation significantly higher than the normal serum concentrations of same within 24 h， 48 h.G1 phase cells 5% medicated serum group was obviously higher than that of 5% in normal group (P<005)， serum and cell proliferation index significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005)，At the same time， Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression significantly less than 5% normal serum group (P<005).Conclusion serum of qishen yiqi pill can inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation， may be through inhibiting cell cycle protein Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression， block the cell cycle G1 process is closely related to the role.
文摘The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)medicated bath,as an essential component of TCM therapy,possesses profound historical significance and broad application prospects.This article focuses on the research and development of the TCM medicated bath.As a form of external treatment within TCM,the medicated bath demonstrates unique efficacy and wide applicability,offering significant advantages in health management,disease prevention,and treatment.This paper analyzes the historical origins,mechanisms of action,development,clinical applications,and existing challenges of medicated baths from various perspectives.Finally,it explores future directions for TCM medicated baths,emphasizing the need for strengthened multidisciplinary cooperation,foundational research,and clinical studies to foster innovation and development.This approach aims to provide safer and more effective therapeutic options for human health.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30472277 and No.30801507)Beijing Science and Technology Nova Program(No.713220)
文摘Objective: To explore the mechanism of Bushen Qiangji Granule(补肾强脊颗粒, BSQJ) in restraining the osteogenic differentiation of ankylosing spondylitis(AS) fibroblasts. Methods: Hip joint capsules were obtained from AS patients(n=10) receiving total hip replacement and healthy hip joint capsules from patients with hip fracture(n=10) receiving surgery as a control. Finite fibroblast lines were established from these tissue samples to observe the effect of BSQJ on suppressing osteogenic differentiation of fibroblasts. The expression of osteogenic marker gene corebinding factor a1(Cbfa1) and Smad family proteins were examined by Western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q PCR). Results: The m RNA expression level of Cbfa1 was significantly higher in AS fibroblasts than that in normal fibroblasts and the expression of p Smad1, p Smad5, Smad4 and Cbfa1 in AS fibroblasts was also higher, demonstrating the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway in AS fibroblasts. BSQJ-medicated serum not only restrained the m RNA and protein expression levels of Cbfa1 and inhibited protein expression level of Smad4 but also decreased the expression quantities of p Smad1 and p Smad5. Conclusions: BSQJ can inhibit osteogenic differentiation of AS fibroblasts in vitro by suppressing the activation of the BMP/Smads signal pathway. This may be the important molecular mechanism of BSQJ in regulating AS ossification.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Special Fund of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry(No.201507006)。
文摘Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion(ZMTM)on psoriasis vulgaris.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,parallel controlled clinical trial was designed.A total of 241 outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris were randomly divided into a control group(120 cases)and a treatment group(121 cases)using a central block randomization from June 2015 to May 2018.The control group was treated with Western medicines alone including pidotimod dispersible tablets,vitamin B compound tablets,and compound cod liver oil-zinc oxide ointment.The treatment group was treated with ZMTM every 2 days combined with Western medicines.The two groups received continuous intervention for 30 days.The primary outcome was Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI),and the secondary outcomes included Itch Rating Scale,Dermatology Quality of Life Index(DLQI),Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA),as well as PASI response rate.Meanwhile,adverse events were evaluated during the whole clinical trial.Follow-up was carried out 30 days after treatment.Results:There were 5 cases of shedding in this trial.In intention-to-treat analysis,236 cases were included and each group contained 118 cases.On the 30th and 60th days,PASI scores of patients in each group were significantly lower than that at baseline(P<0.01)and the PASI score reduction of the treatment group was greater than that of the control group(P<0.01).Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA scale were decreased in both groups after treatment,and the treatment group showed a better therapeutic effect(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 were significantly higher than those in the control group[81.4%(96/118),43.2%(51/118)vs.41.5%(49/118),11.0%(13/118),respectively,P<0.05].During follow-up,the improvements in scores of PASI,Itch Rating Scale,DLQI,and HAMA of the treatment group were significantly greater than those of the control group(P<0.01).The response rates of PASI 50 and 75 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group,respectively(both P<0.05).No obvious adverse reaction was found in either group.Conclusion:ZMTM combined with Western medicines showed a better therapeutic effect in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris without obvious adverse reaction.(Trial Registration No.ChiCTR-IOR-16008159)
文摘Thirty-one cases of infant respiratory tract infection were treated by no-pain health-care Tuina plus medicated bath. Since the therapeutic effects were satisfactory, so parents and infants are willing to accept. Key Words Medicated Bath - Respiratory Tract Infection - Child - Tuina Massage Author: Li Jie(1961-), female, attending physicianTranslator: Wu Xue-fei
文摘Background:Drama therapy as a discipline in clinical and public health areas dates back to movements in the Netherlands,Great Britain and the United States of America in the 1960s.Today,drama therapy comprises a huge variety of methods and is applied in numerous medical domains such as psychiatry,pediatrics and neurogeriatrics.Nonetheless,historical and philosophical considerations suggest that at all times dramatic arts have encompassed curative potential and helped to promote mental health.Regarding this perspective,the present article aims to explore the spirit of drama therapy in ancient Chinese and Greek cultures.Methods:Involving cross-cultural psychiatry and medical anthropology,comparative research centred around salutary momentums inhering in drama and dramatic practices in Ancient China and Greece.The entire research process consisted of three phases:(i)screening of ancient Chinese and Greek dramatic rituals and arts to select phenomena and genres with pathological,therapeutic and mental health relevance;(ii)medical ontological processing,in particular from a psychopathological,psychiatric,psychotherapeutic and mental health scientific point of view,to explore and elucidate their curative and preventative features;(iii)transdisciplinary considerations about the evolution of drama therapy,as well as their diverse modes of artistic and medical reasoning.Results:The research process resulted in the identification of five(functional)roots of drama therapy,as well as public health benefits of dramatic arts:(i)dramatic rituals,stage-trance settings and spiritual immersion,(ii)mise-en-scène of divine spheres and alternative worlds,as well as scenic imagination and creative fusion of reality and fantasy,desire and satisfaction,(iii)anthropologic ontology,search of meaning and self-actualisation‘beyond codes and conventions’,(iv)personality traits and differential psychological symbolism,aesthetic self-exploration and auxiliary egos,(v)introjection and role-identity,inventive ways to tackle life problems,‘working through’and catharsis.Conclusion:Interdisciplinary constructivist reasoning suggests that dramatic arts and drama therapy share similar health promoting potential and innate therapeutic power.This calls for further research(i)to explore the entire spectrum of curative factors inhering in dramatic entities,(ii)to explain how drama-based interventions may alleviate mental-health issues alongside culturally sensitive differential diagnostic guidelines,and(iii)to optimise beneficial effects through advanced drama therapeutic settings.The present study suggests that dramatic arts shall also be studied with regard to public health challenges,self-regulation and self-care,mental resilience,well-being and quality of life,and emphatically advocates intensified collaboration between drama theory and drama therapy.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
文摘The integration of machine learning(ML)technology with Internet of Things(IoT)systems produces essential changes in healthcare operations.Healthcare personnel can track patients around the clock thanks to healthcare IoT(H-IoT)technology,which also provides proactive statistical findings and precise medical diagnoses that enhance healthcare performance.This study examines how ML might support IoT-based health care systems,namely in the areas of prognostic systems,disease detection,patient tracking,and healthcare operations control.The study looks at the benefits and drawbacks of several machine learning techniques for H-IoT applications.It also examines the fundamental problems,such as data security and cyberthreats,as well as the high processing demands that these systems face.Alongside this,the essay discusses the advantages of all the technologies,including machine learning,deep learning,and the Internet of Things,as well as the significant difficulties and problems that arise when integrating the technology into healthcare forecasts.
文摘With the industrialization of agriculture and the advancement of medical care,human life expectancy has increased considerably and continues to rise steadily.This results in novel and unprecedented challenges,namely obesity and neurodegeneration.
基金funded by China Law Society 2025 Annual Legal Research,Project grant number:CLS(2025)Y04.
文摘Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.
