For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique acad...For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique academic value in the study of knowledge history.Traditional Eastern medicine(such as Chinese medicine,Indian ayurvedic medicine,Persian medicine,Arabic medicine),and other medical systems in the ancient Western world(including Greek medicine and Roman medicine)have left precious literature/texts,cultural relics(for example,pills,preparations,medical instruments),folklore and legends,which truly record the process of learning,transplantation,fusion and succession after the encounter of different medical systems at least for the past two thousand years.展开更多
Recent advancements in large language models(LLMs)have driven remarkable progress in text process-ing,opening new avenues for medical knowledge discovery.In this study,we present ERQA,a mEdical knowledge Retrieval and...Recent advancements in large language models(LLMs)have driven remarkable progress in text process-ing,opening new avenues for medical knowledge discovery.In this study,we present ERQA,a mEdical knowledge Retrieval and Question-Answering framework powered by an enhanced LLM that integrates a semantic vector database and a curated literature repository.The ERQA framework leverages domain-specific incremental pretraining and conducts supervised fine-tuning on medical literature,enabling retrieval and question-answering(QA)tasks to be completed with high precision.Performance evaluations implemented on the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and TripClick data-sets demonstrate the robust capabilities of ERQA across multiple tasks.On the COVID-19 dataset,ERQA-13B achieves state-of-the-art retrieval metrics,with normalized discounted cumulative gain at top 10(NDCG@10)0.297,recall values at top 10(Recall@10)0.347,and mean reciprocal rank(MRR)=0.370;it also attains strong abstract summarization performance,with a recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation(ROUGE)-1 score of 0.434,and QA performance,with a bilingual evaluation understudy(BLEU)-1 score of 7.851.The comparable performance achieved on the TripClick dataset further under-scores the adaptability of ERQA across diverse medical topics.These findings suggest that ERQA repre-sents a significant step toward efficient biomedical knowledge retrieval and QA.展开更多
The eighteenth-century Vietnamese medical work Treatise on Medical Knowledge by Hai Thuong(Hai Thuong Y Tong Tam Linh海上医宗心领),authored by the eminent physician Le Huu Trac黎有卓,reflects the transmission,applicat...The eighteenth-century Vietnamese medical work Treatise on Medical Knowledge by Hai Thuong(Hai Thuong Y Tong Tam Linh海上医宗心领),authored by the eminent physician Le Huu Trac黎有卓,reflects the transmission,application,and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in Vietnam.It encompasses principles,methods,formulas,medicines,clinical specialties,and clinical medical cases.Its primary textual foundation derives from Feng’s Tips and Secret Records(Fengshi jinnang milu冯氏锦囊秘录)by Feng Zhaozhang冯兆张(late Ming–early Qing),supplemented by Ming-era works such as Zhang Jingyue’s张景岳Jingyue’s Complete Compendium(Jingyue quanshu景岳全书),Li Chan’s李梴The Gateway to Medicine(Yixue rumen医学入门),and Zhao Xianke’s赵献可Thorough Knowledge of Medicine(Yi guan医贯).By synthesizing,enriching,streamlining,and annotating the quintessence of Ming-Qing medical texts,Le Huu Trac established the framework of traditional Vietnamese medicine,innovating upon TCM.Treatise on Medical Knowledge by Hai Thuong emphasizes the concept of“congenital water and fire”(先天水火),attributing the patho-mechanism of critical illnesses to the depletion of true yin and true yang(真阴真阳亏损),while expanding the indications of classical TCM formulas such as the Six-Ingredient Pill(六味丸)and Eight-Ingredient Pill(八味丸)through variations in their constituents,thus attaining the further localization of TCM.It advances the view that“there are no cold damage patterns(伤寒症)in Lingnan,rendering the Ephedra Decoction(麻黄汤)and Cinnamon Twig Decoction(桂枝汤)inapplicable,”as a result devising“three exterior-resolving formulas”(解表三方)and“six interior-harmonizing formulas”(和里六方)tailored to Vietnam’s climate and patient constitutions.The text also incorporates southern medicines(南药)and formulas containing them,using Han-Nom bilingual names to enhance understanding and application by the Vietnamese.Its Yang Case Collection(阳案集)and Yin Case Collection(阴案集),documenting both successful and unsuccessful treatments of severe illnesses,exemplify Vietnamese physicians’local exploration and practice of Chinese medical knowledge,embodying a profound understanding and flexible application of TCM by Vietnamese physicians.展开更多
During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,br...During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,bringing with them advanced medical techniques and newly published medical texts.In the early 18th century,following Tokugawa Yoshimune’s(徳川吉宗)implementation of medical reform policies,many Chinese physicians arrived in Japan.There,they exchanged knowledge with Japanese physicians and facilitated the publication of Chinese medical texts in Japan.These exchanges significantly increased attention to Chinese medical works,particularly Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage),within Edo medical circles.This had a profound impact on physicians of the Japanese Kohōschool(古方派)and significantly contributed to shaping Kampōmedicine into its contemporary form.From the perspectives of intellectual history and knowledge exchange,this paper explores the circulation of medical knowledge between China and Japan during the early modern period,examining its profound historical influence on Japanese medicine.The study specifically aims to clarify the authentic meaning of“Ancient Learning(复古)”and to correct the prevailing academic misconception that the Kohōschool exclusively focused on reviving Shang Han Lun.展开更多
The article defines knowledge about pelforated stomach ulcer that is formalized on the basis of an ontology model of medical diagnostics domain. The paper describes a base of observations for the disease and also know...The article defines knowledge about pelforated stomach ulcer that is formalized on the basis of an ontology model of medical diagnostics domain. The paper describes a base of observations for the disease and also knowledge base which determines a clinical presentation of the disease. The dependences on courses of the disease and process localization are taken into account during knowledge formalizing. The base of knowledge for the disease has the structure that is conventional for contemporary medicine. These knowledge will be used for building a medical intellectual system of for consulting and diagnostics.展开更多
Medical knowledge graphs(MKGs)are the basis for intelligent health care,and they have been in use in a variety of intelligent medical applications.Thus,understanding the research and application development of MKGs wi...Medical knowledge graphs(MKGs)are the basis for intelligent health care,and they have been in use in a variety of intelligent medical applications.Thus,understanding the research and application development of MKGs will be crucial for future relevant research in the biomedical field.To this end,we offer an in-depth review of MKG in this work.Our research begins with the examination of four types of medical information sources,knowledge graph creation methodologies,and six major themes for MKG development.Furthermore,three popular models of reasoning from the viewpoint of knowledge reasoning are discussed.A reasoning implementation path(RIP)is proposed as a means of expressing the reasoning procedures for MKG.In addition,we explore intelligent medical applications based on RIP and MKG and classify them into nine major types.Finally,we summarize the current state of MKG research based on more than 130 publications and future challenges and opportunities.展开更多
The research on graph pattern matching(GPM) has attracted a lot of attention. However, most of the research has focused on complex networks, and there are few researches on GPM in the medical field. Hence, with GPM th...The research on graph pattern matching(GPM) has attracted a lot of attention. However, most of the research has focused on complex networks, and there are few researches on GPM in the medical field. Hence, with GPM this paper is to make a breast cancer-oriented diagnosis before the surgery. Technically, this paper has firstly made a new definition of GPM, aiming to explore the GPM in the medical field, especially in Medical Knowledge Graphs(MKGs). Then, in the specific matching process, this paper introduces fuzzy calculation, and proposes a multi-threaded bidirectional routing exploration(M-TBRE) algorithm based on depth first search and a two-way routing matching algorithm based on multi-threading. In addition, fuzzy constraints are introduced in the M-TBRE algorithm, which leads to the Fuzzy-M-TBRE algorithm. The experimental results on the two datasets show that compared with existing algorithms, our proposed algorithm is more efficient and effective.展开更多
Aim:This study aimed to explore the correlation of long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy with social support and medication knowledge of kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A convenient sample of kidney transp...Aim:This study aimed to explore the correlation of long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy with social support and medication knowledge of kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A convenient sample of kidney transplant recipients in a general hospital in Guangzhou was recruited from November 2016 to January 2017.Self-reported survey data were provided by the kidney transplant recipients using long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy scale(LTMBSES),perceived social support scale(PSSS)and scale for patient-perceived medication knowledge in medication usage.Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 195 kidney transplant recipients(132 men and 63 women)were recruited for this study.The mean scores of all LTMBSES dimensions,namely personal attitudes,environmental and taskrelated and behavioural factors,were 32.49±4.34,60.90±7.56 and 32.32±4.40,respectively.The mean scores of three PSSS dimensions,namely,family,friends and significant others,were 24.91±3.42,22.71±4.66 and 22.15±4.26,correspondingly.The mean scores of two five-item knowledge subscale dimensions,namely,general and interaction knowledge,were 9.56±1.07 and 13.02±2.67,respectively.Spearman's correlation analysis showed that social support(rs=0.232,P<0.01)and medication knowledge(rs=0.352,P<0.01)were positively associated with long-term medication self-efficacy in the kidney transplant recipients.Conclusion:The levels of long-term medication self-efficacy,perceived social support and medication knowledge of the kidney transplant recipients were high.Social support and medication knowledge were correlated with self-efficacy.展开更多
Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare system.Patient complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper...Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare system.Patient complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper treatment all contribute to decision-making errors.Clinician-related factors such as fatigue,cognitive overload,and inexperience further interfere with effective decision-making.Cognitive science has provided insight into the clinical decision-making process that can be used to reduce error.This evidence-based review discusses ten common misconceptions regarding critical care decision-making.By understanding how practitioners make clinical decisions and examining how errors occur,strategies may be developed and implemented to decrease errors in Decision-making and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
Medicine was one of the articles of tribute paid by other countries and kingdoms to the imperial court of the Qing dynasty(1644–1912).The act of paying tributes and the rituals associated with it enhanced communicati...Medicine was one of the articles of tribute paid by other countries and kingdoms to the imperial court of the Qing dynasty(1644–1912).The act of paying tributes and the rituals associated with it enhanced communication and helped establish relationships between ancient China and other nations or territories.The imperial court was generous in return,which attracted many countries to pay tributes.This paper analyzes how medicines as tributes played an important role in consolidating the dominant status of ancient China,and in promoting the exchange of knowledge between Chinese and Western medicine.展开更多
文摘For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique academic value in the study of knowledge history.Traditional Eastern medicine(such as Chinese medicine,Indian ayurvedic medicine,Persian medicine,Arabic medicine),and other medical systems in the ancient Western world(including Greek medicine and Roman medicine)have left precious literature/texts,cultural relics(for example,pills,preparations,medical instruments),folklore and legends,which truly record the process of learning,transplantation,fusion and succession after the encounter of different medical systems at least for the past two thousand years.
基金supported by the Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-033)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0711900).
文摘Recent advancements in large language models(LLMs)have driven remarkable progress in text process-ing,opening new avenues for medical knowledge discovery.In this study,we present ERQA,a mEdical knowledge Retrieval and Question-Answering framework powered by an enhanced LLM that integrates a semantic vector database and a curated literature repository.The ERQA framework leverages domain-specific incremental pretraining and conducts supervised fine-tuning on medical literature,enabling retrieval and question-answering(QA)tasks to be completed with high precision.Performance evaluations implemented on the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and TripClick data-sets demonstrate the robust capabilities of ERQA across multiple tasks.On the COVID-19 dataset,ERQA-13B achieves state-of-the-art retrieval metrics,with normalized discounted cumulative gain at top 10(NDCG@10)0.297,recall values at top 10(Recall@10)0.347,and mean reciprocal rank(MRR)=0.370;it also attains strong abstract summarization performance,with a recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation(ROUGE)-1 score of 0.434,and QA performance,with a bilingual evaluation understudy(BLEU)-1 score of 7.851.The comparable performance achieved on the TripClick dataset further under-scores the adaptability of ERQA across diverse medical topics.These findings suggest that ERQA repre-sents a significant step toward efficient biomedical knowledge retrieval and QA.
文摘The eighteenth-century Vietnamese medical work Treatise on Medical Knowledge by Hai Thuong(Hai Thuong Y Tong Tam Linh海上医宗心领),authored by the eminent physician Le Huu Trac黎有卓,reflects the transmission,application,and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in Vietnam.It encompasses principles,methods,formulas,medicines,clinical specialties,and clinical medical cases.Its primary textual foundation derives from Feng’s Tips and Secret Records(Fengshi jinnang milu冯氏锦囊秘录)by Feng Zhaozhang冯兆张(late Ming–early Qing),supplemented by Ming-era works such as Zhang Jingyue’s张景岳Jingyue’s Complete Compendium(Jingyue quanshu景岳全书),Li Chan’s李梴The Gateway to Medicine(Yixue rumen医学入门),and Zhao Xianke’s赵献可Thorough Knowledge of Medicine(Yi guan医贯).By synthesizing,enriching,streamlining,and annotating the quintessence of Ming-Qing medical texts,Le Huu Trac established the framework of traditional Vietnamese medicine,innovating upon TCM.Treatise on Medical Knowledge by Hai Thuong emphasizes the concept of“congenital water and fire”(先天水火),attributing the patho-mechanism of critical illnesses to the depletion of true yin and true yang(真阴真阳亏损),while expanding the indications of classical TCM formulas such as the Six-Ingredient Pill(六味丸)and Eight-Ingredient Pill(八味丸)through variations in their constituents,thus attaining the further localization of TCM.It advances the view that“there are no cold damage patterns(伤寒症)in Lingnan,rendering the Ephedra Decoction(麻黄汤)and Cinnamon Twig Decoction(桂枝汤)inapplicable,”as a result devising“three exterior-resolving formulas”(解表三方)and“six interior-harmonizing formulas”(和里六方)tailored to Vietnam’s climate and patient constitutions.The text also incorporates southern medicines(南药)and formulas containing them,using Han-Nom bilingual names to enhance understanding and application by the Vietnamese.Its Yang Case Collection(阳案集)and Yin Case Collection(阴案集),documenting both successful and unsuccessful treatments of severe illnesses,exemplify Vietnamese physicians’local exploration and practice of Chinese medical knowledge,embodying a profound understanding and flexible application of TCM by Vietnamese physicians.
基金financed by the grants from the JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(No.24K15918)the 2024 Inamori Research Grant Program.
文摘During the 17th and 18th centuries,medical exchanges between Japan and China were frequent and intensive.In the 17th century,due to the wars during the Ming-Qing transition,numerous Chinese physicians came to Japan,bringing with them advanced medical techniques and newly published medical texts.In the early 18th century,following Tokugawa Yoshimune’s(徳川吉宗)implementation of medical reform policies,many Chinese physicians arrived in Japan.There,they exchanged knowledge with Japanese physicians and facilitated the publication of Chinese medical texts in Japan.These exchanges significantly increased attention to Chinese medical works,particularly Shang Han Lun(《伤寒论》Treatise on Cold Damage),within Edo medical circles.This had a profound impact on physicians of the Japanese Kohōschool(古方派)and significantly contributed to shaping Kampōmedicine into its contemporary form.From the perspectives of intellectual history and knowledge exchange,this paper explores the circulation of medical knowledge between China and Japan during the early modern period,examining its profound historical influence on Japanese medicine.The study specifically aims to clarify the authentic meaning of“Ancient Learning(复古)”and to correct the prevailing academic misconception that the Kohōschool exclusively focused on reviving Shang Han Lun.
文摘The article defines knowledge about pelforated stomach ulcer that is formalized on the basis of an ontology model of medical diagnostics domain. The paper describes a base of observations for the disease and also knowledge base which determines a clinical presentation of the disease. The dependences on courses of the disease and process localization are taken into account during knowledge formalizing. The base of knowledge for the disease has the structure that is conventional for contemporary medicine. These knowledge will be used for building a medical intellectual system of for consulting and diagnostics.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFF1201200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62006251)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC4008).
文摘Medical knowledge graphs(MKGs)are the basis for intelligent health care,and they have been in use in a variety of intelligent medical applications.Thus,understanding the research and application development of MKGs will be crucial for future relevant research in the biomedical field.To this end,we offer an in-depth review of MKG in this work.Our research begins with the examination of four types of medical information sources,knowledge graph creation methodologies,and six major themes for MKG development.Furthermore,three popular models of reasoning from the viewpoint of knowledge reasoning are discussed.A reasoning implementation path(RIP)is proposed as a means of expressing the reasoning procedures for MKG.In addition,we explore intelligent medical applications based on RIP and MKG and classify them into nine major types.Finally,we summarize the current state of MKG research based on more than 130 publications and future challenges and opportunities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants 62076087&61906059the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(PCSIRT)of the Ministry of Education of China under grant IRT17R32
文摘The research on graph pattern matching(GPM) has attracted a lot of attention. However, most of the research has focused on complex networks, and there are few researches on GPM in the medical field. Hence, with GPM this paper is to make a breast cancer-oriented diagnosis before the surgery. Technically, this paper has firstly made a new definition of GPM, aiming to explore the GPM in the medical field, especially in Medical Knowledge Graphs(MKGs). Then, in the specific matching process, this paper introduces fuzzy calculation, and proposes a multi-threaded bidirectional routing exploration(M-TBRE) algorithm based on depth first search and a two-way routing matching algorithm based on multi-threading. In addition, fuzzy constraints are introduced in the M-TBRE algorithm, which leads to the Fuzzy-M-TBRE algorithm. The experimental results on the two datasets show that compared with existing algorithms, our proposed algorithm is more efficient and effective.
基金The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81572235)
文摘Aim:This study aimed to explore the correlation of long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy with social support and medication knowledge of kidney transplant recipients.Methods:A convenient sample of kidney transplant recipients in a general hospital in Guangzhou was recruited from November 2016 to January 2017.Self-reported survey data were provided by the kidney transplant recipients using long-term medication behaviour self-efficacy scale(LTMBSES),perceived social support scale(PSSS)and scale for patient-perceived medication knowledge in medication usage.Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 195 kidney transplant recipients(132 men and 63 women)were recruited for this study.The mean scores of all LTMBSES dimensions,namely personal attitudes,environmental and taskrelated and behavioural factors,were 32.49±4.34,60.90±7.56 and 32.32±4.40,respectively.The mean scores of three PSSS dimensions,namely,family,friends and significant others,were 24.91±3.42,22.71±4.66 and 22.15±4.26,correspondingly.The mean scores of two five-item knowledge subscale dimensions,namely,general and interaction knowledge,were 9.56±1.07 and 13.02±2.67,respectively.Spearman's correlation analysis showed that social support(rs=0.232,P<0.01)and medication knowledge(rs=0.352,P<0.01)were positively associated with long-term medication self-efficacy in the kidney transplant recipients.Conclusion:The levels of long-term medication self-efficacy,perceived social support and medication knowledge of the kidney transplant recipients were high.Social support and medication knowledge were correlated with self-efficacy.
文摘Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare system.Patient complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper treatment all contribute to decision-making errors.Clinician-related factors such as fatigue,cognitive overload,and inexperience further interfere with effective decision-making.Cognitive science has provided insight into the clinical decision-making process that can be used to reduce error.This evidence-based review discusses ten common misconceptions regarding critical care decision-making.By understanding how practitioners make clinical decisions and examining how errors occur,strategies may be developed and implemented to decrease errors in Decision-making and improve patient outcomes.
基金This study wasfinanced by the grant from Beijing Social Science Foundation of China(No.19LSB006).
文摘Medicine was one of the articles of tribute paid by other countries and kingdoms to the imperial court of the Qing dynasty(1644–1912).The act of paying tributes and the rituals associated with it enhanced communication and helped establish relationships between ancient China and other nations or territories.The imperial court was generous in return,which attracted many countries to pay tributes.This paper analyzes how medicines as tributes played an important role in consolidating the dominant status of ancient China,and in promoting the exchange of knowledge between Chinese and Western medicine.
