1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western med...1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.展开更多
In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper...In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).展开更多
For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique acad...For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique academic value in the study of knowledge history.Traditional Eastern medicine(such as Chinese medicine,Indian ayurvedic medicine,Persian medicine,Arabic medicine),and other medical systems in the ancient Western world(including Greek medicine and Roman medicine)have left precious literature/texts,cultural relics(for example,pills,preparations,medical instruments),folklore and legends,which truly record the process of learning,transplantation,fusion and succession after the encounter of different medical systems at least for the past two thousand years.展开更多
On October 18,2017,the 19th National Congress Report called for the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.The development of biomedical data plays a pivotal role in advancing this strategy.Since the 18th Nation...On October 18,2017,the 19th National Congress Report called for the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.The development of biomedical data plays a pivotal role in advancing this strategy.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has vigorously promoted the integration and implementation of the Healthy China and Digital China strategies.The National Health Commission has prioritized the development of health and medical big data,issuing policies to promote standardized applica-tions and foster innovation in"Internet+Healthcare."Biomedical data has significantly contributed to preci-sion medicine,personalized health management,drug development,disease diagnosis,public health monitor-ing,and epidemic prediction capabilities.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of de...Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.展开更多
The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a...The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a medical examination system, which served as the cornerstone for the subsequent evolution of medical education. According to historical records, the Song government established dedicated medical departments, along with comprehensive systems encompassing medical professors, students, and examinations. By examining extant medical historical documents, such as Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge(《太医局诸科程文格》 Examination Answers and Standards of the Imperial Medical Bureau), researchers and readers can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the medical system that prevailed in the Song dynasty. While the intricate details of medical education during this era are not explicitly documented in historical records, modern researchers have the opportunity to uncover the entire view of medical education, particularly the medical examination system, through rigorous analysis of these extant historical medical documents. Such studies offer valuable insights into the developmental trajectory of the ancient Chinese medical examination system and provide crucial references for contemporary medical education. By conducting in-depth literature research and analysis of Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge, this study endeavors to reconstruct the authentic scenario of medical examinations in the Song dynasty, as presented in the document, for the benefit of modern readers and researchers.展开更多
Dunhuang medicine is an important part of Dunhuang studies,boasting rich and comprehensive connotations.It records more than 1,000 Dunhuang medical prescriptions,involving internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,Bud...Dunhuang medicine is an important part of Dunhuang studies,boasting rich and comprehensive connotations.It records more than 1,000 Dunhuang medical prescriptions,involving internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,Buddhist,and Daoist medicine,and has demonstrated good clinical effects.However,the mechanism of action of relevant Dunhuang medical prescriptions is still unclear,existing research lacks systematic review and summarization,which has limited their further development.At the same time,the inheritance,innovation,and transformation of Dunhuang medicine are critical issues for the development of Dunhuang medicine,which has important guiding significance for the future development of Dunhuang medicine.Therefore,this study systematically summarizes the experimental research progress of Dunhuang medical prescriptions[except for those contained in Fu Xing Jue Zang Fu Yong Yao Fa Yao(《辅行诀脏腑用药法要》The Guideline to Use Medicines for Zang-fu)],and seven such prescriptions were selected based on three criteria:well-preserved texts,no prior transmission to the outside world,and having extensive research and clinical application over the past decade.The findings indicate that this type of prescription is applicable to a broad spectrum of diseases and has a promising application prospect in health preservation and disease prevention,as it exerts therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.Based on this,specific strategies for the transformation of Dunhuang characteristic prescriptions were proposed from three aspects:inheritance,innovative development,and transformation strategies,aiming to provide insights for the future development of Dunhuang medical prescriptions.展开更多
The trajectory of human history is characterized by a persistent battle against disease.Over time,the field of medicine has transitioned from enigmatic witch doctors and herbal remedies to a sophisticated realm of con...The trajectory of human history is characterized by a persistent battle against disease.Over time,the field of medicine has transitioned from enigmatic witch doctors and herbal remedies to a sophisticated realm of contemporary medicine that includes fundamental medical and health sciences,clinical medicine,and public health.Nevertheless,the present phase of medical advancement encounters significant challenges,particularly in effectively translating basic research findings into practical applications in clinical and public health settings.Scientists increasingly collaborate with clinical experts to overcome these obstacles and address specific clinical issues by delving deeper into fundamental mechanisms.This collaborative effort has created a new interdisciplinary field:engineering medicine(EngMed),which focuses on addressing clinical and public health needs by integrating various scientific disciplines.This article discusses the definition,key tasks,significance,educational implications,and future trends in EngMed.展开更多
Traditional medicine in Myanmar has a long history,combining the local natural environment,culture,and religious beliefs to form a unique medical system.This article adopts the method of literature research,focusing o...Traditional medicine in Myanmar has a long history,combining the local natural environment,culture,and religious beliefs to form a unique medical system.This article adopts the method of literature research,focusing on the existing book“Milestones of Traditional Medicine in Myanmar”,and reviewing existing literature to analyze historical and contemporary sources.Elaborate on the question of how the history of traditional medicine in Myanmar originated and has continued to develop until now.These histories have proven that traditional medicine in Myanmar,despite facing numerous obstacles,has always been used by the people of Myanmar and has unique value,which deserves our continued attention and inheritance.展开更多
Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medi...Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).展开更多
Background: Clinical decision support tools provide suggestions to support healthcare providers and clinicians, as they attend to patients. Clinicians use these tools to rapidly consult the evidence at the point of ca...Background: Clinical decision support tools provide suggestions to support healthcare providers and clinicians, as they attend to patients. Clinicians use these tools to rapidly consult the evidence at the point of care, a practice which has been found to reduce the time patients spend in hospitals, promote the quality of care and improve healthcare outcomes. Such tools include Medscape, VisualDx, Clinical Key, DynaMed, BMJ Best Practice and UpToDate. However, use of such tools has not yet been fully embraced in low-resource settings such as Uganda. Objective: This paper intends to collate data on the use and uptake of one such tool, UpToDate, which was provided at no cost to five medical schools in Uganda. Methods: Free access to UpToDate was granted through the IP addresses of five medical schools in Uganda in collaboration with Better Evidence at The Global Health Delivery Project at Harvard and Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Wolters Kluwer Health. Following the donation, medical librarians in the respective institutions conducted training sessions and created awareness of the tool. Usage data was aggregated, based on logins and content views, presented and analyzed using Excel tables and graphs. Results: The data shows similar trends in increased usage over the period of August 2022 to August 2023 across the five medical schools. The most common topics viewed, mode of access (using either the computer or the mobile app), total usage by institution, ratio of uses to eligible users by institution and ratio of uses to students by institution are shared. Conclusion: The study revealed that the tool was used by various user categories across the institutions with similar steady improved usage over the year. These results can inform the librarians as they encourage their respective institutions to continue using the tool to support uptake of point-of-care tools in clinical practice.展开更多
Introduction and Problem Statement: Many medication errors occur during the community and hospital transition. Indeed, the World Health Organization launched the international “High 5S” project to implement medicati...Introduction and Problem Statement: Many medication errors occur during the community and hospital transition. Indeed, the World Health Organization launched the international “High 5S” project to implement medication reconciliation in healthcare facilities to reduce them and ensure patients a safe, high-quality healthcare pathway. Objective: This study aimed to detect medication errors by reconciling drug treatments and assess the relevance and feasibility of this standardized practice within the Medical Emergency Unit of the Teaching Pediatric Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: Patients whose parents gave their consent at their entrance were enrolled. For each patient, the pharmacy team completed a reconciliation form that included the patient’s usual treatment, which was taken and in progress and received upon admission to the medical emergency unit. Patients’ treatments were reviewed to detect and characterize discrepancies. The data of each form were reported and analyzed using KoboCollect, an Android application. Results: 135 records and 412 medication lines were captured over six weeks. The average time of treatment reconciliation per patient was 57 minutes. One thousand one hundred ninety-eight (1198) intentional discrepancies were detected, of which 6.09% were documented. Seventy-one (71) unintentional discrepancies were collected, including 39 omissions, 24 regimen dosing errors, and 8 pharmaceutical form dosage errors. Forty-nine (49) unintentional discrepancies, or 69.01%, were corrected by formulated pharmaceutical interventions toward physicians. Conclusion: Medical treatment reconciliation during hospital admission is critical because discrepancies can compromise the efficacy and/or safety of the patient’s hospital medication.展开更多
This paper explores increased use of the concept of“medical bilingualism”since 2015 as scholars,especially of East Asian medical history and anthropology,have applied it to engagements between two medical systems.It...This paper explores increased use of the concept of“medical bilingualism”since 2015 as scholars,especially of East Asian medical history and anthropology,have applied it to engagements between two medical systems.It reveals an ongoing evolution in the way that scholars understand what a medical system is and how medical systems are differentiated and compared with one another.The image of culturally homogeneous systems of meaning and practice that dominated mid-twentieth-century scholarship on medical systems(especially using the category of ethnomedicines)has been giving way to a more culturally heterogeneous and cosmopolitan picture of how medical practitioners evolve,integrate,and differentiate medical concepts and practices in the context of contemporary societies and the new forms of life they engender.This reformulated concept of medical bilingualism emphasizes the ways in which medical systems overlap yet remain distinct.First,the paper summarizes results of an experiment with AI searches on medical bilingualism,then narrates its historiography both pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19,and finally concludes with some reflections on language ideology,multilingualism,and medical pluralism.展开更多
China and Vietnam are geographically connected,and Vietnam has been deeply influenced by Chinese culture.The development of Vietnam’s ancient traditional medicine was profoundly shaped by China.This study aims to ana...China and Vietnam are geographically connected,and Vietnam has been deeply influenced by Chinese culture.The development of Vietnam’s ancient traditional medicine was profoundly shaped by China.This study aims to analyze the exchanges of traditional medicine between China and Vietnam from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties.Using a documentary analysis method,it conducts an extensive review of journals,ancient books and other materials related to Sino-Vietnamese traditional medical interactions.It reveals historical exchanges and interactions between ancient China and Vietnam in areas such as medicinal materials,medical practitioners,and medical books.These interactions enabled Vietnam to form a medical system that is inherently connected to Chinese medicine yet distinct in its own right.By doing so,this research enhances our understanding of the relationship between Chinese and Vietnamese medicine-one of shared origins with divergent developments-and provides a historical foundation for the inheritance and international exchange of traditional medicine today.展开更多
Welcome to the 4th volume of Biomedical Engineering Communications the first issue of 2025!Biomedical engineering is a rapidly evolving field that combines engineering principles with medical and biological sciences t...Welcome to the 4th volume of Biomedical Engineering Communications the first issue of 2025!Biomedical engineering is a rapidly evolving field that combines engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to create innovative healthcare technologies.Biomedical engineering brings an interdisciplinary,problem-solving approach to bioengineering,biology and medicine.This interdisciplinary field is essential for developing advanced medical devices,diagnostic tools,and therapeutic solutions that enhance patient care and improve health outcomes.It allows them to develop technologies and systems that directly contribute to diagnosing,treating and preventing diseases.展开更多
The integration of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)into clinical education presents an opportunity to enhance medical training by providing students with a more holistic approach to patient care.This study explores t...The integration of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)into clinical education presents an opportunity to enhance medical training by providing students with a more holistic approach to patient care.This study explores the methods and challenges of integrating TCM theory into clinical internships for medical students at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.A mixed-methods approach was employed,combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with medical students,clinical instructors,and TCM practitioners.The results indicate that while students generally recognize the relevance and benefits of TCM in enhancing diagnostic skills and promoting a holistic understanding of health,several challenges remain.These include the lack of standardized TCM training,limited practical exposure to TCM diagnostic methods,and resistance from some clinical instructors.Despite these challenges,students expressed a strong desire for more structured TCM training and greater support from instructors.Based on the findings,the study recommends the standardization of TCM curricula,enhanced professional development for instructors,and increased collaboration between Western and TCM practitioners.The study concludes that the integration of TCM into medical education can significantly improve student clinical skills and patient care outcomes if appropriately structured and supported.展开更多
It was in The China Medical Missionary Journal(《博医会报》, CMMJ), first published in Shanghai in 1887, that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) made its academic debut on the international stage. It integrated medical...It was in The China Medical Missionary Journal(《博医会报》, CMMJ), first published in Shanghai in 1887, that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) made its academic debut on the international stage. It integrated medical evangelism, hospital reports and world medical development at its beginning, and it was transformed into a purely academic journal in 1907. There are many records related to TCM in it, such as TCM diagnosis, treatment methods and clinical practices. These records show the process of how the missionaries observed, understood, learned, and used TCM. They also reflect the attitudes of medical missionaries towards TCM after experiencing it in its homeland, China at that time. The writings of missionaries on TCM represent a confluence of Eastern and Western medical research and cultural interactions, contributing significantly to the study of modern Chinese medical advancements and Sino-Western cultural exchanges.展开更多
This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archiv...This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into medical robotics has emerged as a cornerstone of modern healthcare,driving transformative advancements in precision,adaptability and patient outcomes.Although computa...The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into medical robotics has emerged as a cornerstone of modern healthcare,driving transformative advancements in precision,adaptability and patient outcomes.Although computational tools have long supported diagnostic processes,their role is evolving beyond passive assistance to become active collaborators in therapeutic decision-making.In this paradigm,knowledge-driven deep learning systems are redefining possibilities-enabling robots to interpret complex data,adapt to dynamic clinical environments and execute tasks with human-like contextual awareness.展开更多
文摘1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.
文摘In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).
文摘For the history of medical culture in the world,the exchange and transmission of medical knowledge has formed an important part of mutual learning among different cultures,which has also increasingly shown unique academic value in the study of knowledge history.Traditional Eastern medicine(such as Chinese medicine,Indian ayurvedic medicine,Persian medicine,Arabic medicine),and other medical systems in the ancient Western world(including Greek medicine and Roman medicine)have left precious literature/texts,cultural relics(for example,pills,preparations,medical instruments),folklore and legends,which truly record the process of learning,transplantation,fusion and succession after the encounter of different medical systems at least for the past two thousand years.
文摘On October 18,2017,the 19th National Congress Report called for the implementation of the Healthy China Strategy.The development of biomedical data plays a pivotal role in advancing this strategy.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,China has vigorously promoted the integration and implementation of the Healthy China and Digital China strategies.The National Health Commission has prioritized the development of health and medical big data,issuing policies to promote standardized applica-tions and foster innovation in"Internet+Healthcare."Biomedical data has significantly contributed to preci-sion medicine,personalized health management,drug development,disease diagnosis,public health monitor-ing,and epidemic prediction capabilities.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
基金funded by China Law Society 2025 Annual Legal Research,Project grant number:CLS(2025)Y04.
文摘Background:Medical artificial intelligence(MAI)is a synthesis of medical science and artificial intelligence development,serving as a crucial field in the current advancement and application of AI.In the process of developing medical AI,there may arise not only legal risks such as infringement of privacy rights and health rights but also ethical risks stemming from violations of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence.Methods:To effectively address the damages caused by MAI in the future,it is necessary to establish a hierarchical governance system with MAI.This paper examines the systematic collection of local practices in China and the induction and integration of legal remedies for the damage of MAI.Results:To effectively address the ethical and legal challenges of medical artificial intelligence,a hierarchical regulatory system should be established,which based on the impact of intervention measures on natural rights and differences in intervention timing.This paper finally obtains a legal hierarchical governance system corresponding to the ethical risks and legal risks of MAI in China.Conclusion:The Chinese government has formed a multi-agent governance system based on the impact of risks on rights and the timing of legal intervention,which provides a reference for other countries to follow up on the research on MAI risk management.
文摘The medical education of the Song dynasty constitutes a pivotal aspect within the broader framework of ancient Chinese medical education. The advent of the imperial examination system coincided with the emergence of a medical examination system, which served as the cornerstone for the subsequent evolution of medical education. According to historical records, the Song government established dedicated medical departments, along with comprehensive systems encompassing medical professors, students, and examinations. By examining extant medical historical documents, such as Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge(《太医局诸科程文格》 Examination Answers and Standards of the Imperial Medical Bureau), researchers and readers can obtain a comprehensive understanding of the medical system that prevailed in the Song dynasty. While the intricate details of medical education during this era are not explicitly documented in historical records, modern researchers have the opportunity to uncover the entire view of medical education, particularly the medical examination system, through rigorous analysis of these extant historical medical documents. Such studies offer valuable insights into the developmental trajectory of the ancient Chinese medical examination system and provide crucial references for contemporary medical education. By conducting in-depth literature research and analysis of Tai Yi Ju Zhu Ke Cheng Wen Ge, this study endeavors to reconstruct the authentic scenario of medical examinations in the Song dynasty, as presented in the document, for the benefit of modern readers and researchers.
基金financed by the grants from Dunhuang Medical Literature Compilation and Application Research Center Project of Gansu Provincial Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences(No.DHYXJD2025)National Social Science Fund General Project(No.22BYY038).
文摘Dunhuang medicine is an important part of Dunhuang studies,boasting rich and comprehensive connotations.It records more than 1,000 Dunhuang medical prescriptions,involving internal,external,gynecological,pediatric,Buddhist,and Daoist medicine,and has demonstrated good clinical effects.However,the mechanism of action of relevant Dunhuang medical prescriptions is still unclear,existing research lacks systematic review and summarization,which has limited their further development.At the same time,the inheritance,innovation,and transformation of Dunhuang medicine are critical issues for the development of Dunhuang medicine,which has important guiding significance for the future development of Dunhuang medicine.Therefore,this study systematically summarizes the experimental research progress of Dunhuang medical prescriptions[except for those contained in Fu Xing Jue Zang Fu Yong Yao Fa Yao(《辅行诀脏腑用药法要》The Guideline to Use Medicines for Zang-fu)],and seven such prescriptions were selected based on three criteria:well-preserved texts,no prior transmission to the outside world,and having extensive research and clinical application over the past decade.The findings indicate that this type of prescription is applicable to a broad spectrum of diseases and has a promising application prospect in health preservation and disease prevention,as it exerts therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways.Based on this,specific strategies for the transformation of Dunhuang characteristic prescriptions were proposed from three aspects:inheritance,innovative development,and transformation strategies,aiming to provide insights for the future development of Dunhuang medical prescriptions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Innovative Research Group Project(61821002)the Frontier Funda-mental Research Program of Jiangsu Province for Leading Technology(BK20222002).
文摘The trajectory of human history is characterized by a persistent battle against disease.Over time,the field of medicine has transitioned from enigmatic witch doctors and herbal remedies to a sophisticated realm of contemporary medicine that includes fundamental medical and health sciences,clinical medicine,and public health.Nevertheless,the present phase of medical advancement encounters significant challenges,particularly in effectively translating basic research findings into practical applications in clinical and public health settings.Scientists increasingly collaborate with clinical experts to overcome these obstacles and address specific clinical issues by delving deeper into fundamental mechanisms.This collaborative effort has created a new interdisciplinary field:engineering medicine(EngMed),which focuses on addressing clinical and public health needs by integrating various scientific disciplines.This article discusses the definition,key tasks,significance,educational implications,and future trends in EngMed.
基金2020 Yunnan Province International Commissioner(Individual)Recognition Work Project(202003AK140041)2024 Yunnan Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Innovation Team:Research on the Exchange and Integration of Traditional Medicine in Yunnan(2024CX09)2023 Hospital-level Project of School of Basic Medical Sciences,Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,“Comparison and Research on Traditional Medicine Treatment Methods in China and Burma”(2023CBMS009).
文摘Traditional medicine in Myanmar has a long history,combining the local natural environment,culture,and religious beliefs to form a unique medical system.This article adopts the method of literature research,focusing on the existing book“Milestones of Traditional Medicine in Myanmar”,and reviewing existing literature to analyze historical and contemporary sources.Elaborate on the question of how the history of traditional medicine in Myanmar originated and has continued to develop until now.These histories have proven that traditional medicine in Myanmar,despite facing numerous obstacles,has always been used by the people of Myanmar and has unique value,which deserves our continued attention and inheritance.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82222068,82070423,82270348,and 82173779)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Pro-gram of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No:ZYYCXTD-D-202206)+1 种基金Fujian Province Science and Technology Project,China(Grant Nos.:2021J01420479,2021J02058,2022J011374,and 2022J02057)Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Central Universities,China(Grant No.:20720230070).
文摘Insect-derived traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitutes an essential component of TCM,with the earliest records found in“52 Bingfang”(Prescriptions of fifty-two diseases,which is one of the earliest Chinese medical prescriptions).
文摘Background: Clinical decision support tools provide suggestions to support healthcare providers and clinicians, as they attend to patients. Clinicians use these tools to rapidly consult the evidence at the point of care, a practice which has been found to reduce the time patients spend in hospitals, promote the quality of care and improve healthcare outcomes. Such tools include Medscape, VisualDx, Clinical Key, DynaMed, BMJ Best Practice and UpToDate. However, use of such tools has not yet been fully embraced in low-resource settings such as Uganda. Objective: This paper intends to collate data on the use and uptake of one such tool, UpToDate, which was provided at no cost to five medical schools in Uganda. Methods: Free access to UpToDate was granted through the IP addresses of five medical schools in Uganda in collaboration with Better Evidence at The Global Health Delivery Project at Harvard and Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Wolters Kluwer Health. Following the donation, medical librarians in the respective institutions conducted training sessions and created awareness of the tool. Usage data was aggregated, based on logins and content views, presented and analyzed using Excel tables and graphs. Results: The data shows similar trends in increased usage over the period of August 2022 to August 2023 across the five medical schools. The most common topics viewed, mode of access (using either the computer or the mobile app), total usage by institution, ratio of uses to eligible users by institution and ratio of uses to students by institution are shared. Conclusion: The study revealed that the tool was used by various user categories across the institutions with similar steady improved usage over the year. These results can inform the librarians as they encourage their respective institutions to continue using the tool to support uptake of point-of-care tools in clinical practice.
文摘Introduction and Problem Statement: Many medication errors occur during the community and hospital transition. Indeed, the World Health Organization launched the international “High 5S” project to implement medication reconciliation in healthcare facilities to reduce them and ensure patients a safe, high-quality healthcare pathway. Objective: This study aimed to detect medication errors by reconciling drug treatments and assess the relevance and feasibility of this standardized practice within the Medical Emergency Unit of the Teaching Pediatric Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Methods: Patients whose parents gave their consent at their entrance were enrolled. For each patient, the pharmacy team completed a reconciliation form that included the patient’s usual treatment, which was taken and in progress and received upon admission to the medical emergency unit. Patients’ treatments were reviewed to detect and characterize discrepancies. The data of each form were reported and analyzed using KoboCollect, an Android application. Results: 135 records and 412 medication lines were captured over six weeks. The average time of treatment reconciliation per patient was 57 minutes. One thousand one hundred ninety-eight (1198) intentional discrepancies were detected, of which 6.09% were documented. Seventy-one (71) unintentional discrepancies were collected, including 39 omissions, 24 regimen dosing errors, and 8 pharmaceutical form dosage errors. Forty-nine (49) unintentional discrepancies, or 69.01%, were corrected by formulated pharmaceutical interventions toward physicians. Conclusion: Medical treatment reconciliation during hospital admission is critical because discrepancies can compromise the efficacy and/or safety of the patient’s hospital medication.
文摘This paper explores increased use of the concept of“medical bilingualism”since 2015 as scholars,especially of East Asian medical history and anthropology,have applied it to engagements between two medical systems.It reveals an ongoing evolution in the way that scholars understand what a medical system is and how medical systems are differentiated and compared with one another.The image of culturally homogeneous systems of meaning and practice that dominated mid-twentieth-century scholarship on medical systems(especially using the category of ethnomedicines)has been giving way to a more culturally heterogeneous and cosmopolitan picture of how medical practitioners evolve,integrate,and differentiate medical concepts and practices in the context of contemporary societies and the new forms of life they engender.This reformulated concept of medical bilingualism emphasizes the ways in which medical systems overlap yet remain distinct.First,the paper summarizes results of an experiment with AI searches on medical bilingualism,then narrates its historiography both pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19,and finally concludes with some reflections on language ideology,multilingualism,and medical pluralism.
基金financed by the grant from the General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(No.23YJA770013).
文摘China and Vietnam are geographically connected,and Vietnam has been deeply influenced by Chinese culture.The development of Vietnam’s ancient traditional medicine was profoundly shaped by China.This study aims to analyze the exchanges of traditional medicine between China and Vietnam from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties.Using a documentary analysis method,it conducts an extensive review of journals,ancient books and other materials related to Sino-Vietnamese traditional medical interactions.It reveals historical exchanges and interactions between ancient China and Vietnam in areas such as medicinal materials,medical practitioners,and medical books.These interactions enabled Vietnam to form a medical system that is inherently connected to Chinese medicine yet distinct in its own right.By doing so,this research enhances our understanding of the relationship between Chinese and Vietnamese medicine-one of shared origins with divergent developments-and provides a historical foundation for the inheritance and international exchange of traditional medicine today.
文摘Welcome to the 4th volume of Biomedical Engineering Communications the first issue of 2025!Biomedical engineering is a rapidly evolving field that combines engineering principles with medical and biological sciences to create innovative healthcare technologies.Biomedical engineering brings an interdisciplinary,problem-solving approach to bioengineering,biology and medicine.This interdisciplinary field is essential for developing advanced medical devices,diagnostic tools,and therapeutic solutions that enhance patient care and improve health outcomes.It allows them to develop technologies and systems that directly contribute to diagnosing,treating and preventing diseases.
文摘The integration of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)into clinical education presents an opportunity to enhance medical training by providing students with a more holistic approach to patient care.This study explores the methods and challenges of integrating TCM theory into clinical internships for medical students at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.A mixed-methods approach was employed,combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with medical students,clinical instructors,and TCM practitioners.The results indicate that while students generally recognize the relevance and benefits of TCM in enhancing diagnostic skills and promoting a holistic understanding of health,several challenges remain.These include the lack of standardized TCM training,limited practical exposure to TCM diagnostic methods,and resistance from some clinical instructors.Despite these challenges,students expressed a strong desire for more structured TCM training and greater support from instructors.Based on the findings,the study recommends the standardization of TCM curricula,enhanced professional development for instructors,and increased collaboration between Western and TCM practitioners.The study concludes that the integration of TCM into medical education can significantly improve student clinical skills and patient care outcomes if appropriately structured and supported.
文摘It was in The China Medical Missionary Journal(《博医会报》, CMMJ), first published in Shanghai in 1887, that traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) made its academic debut on the international stage. It integrated medical evangelism, hospital reports and world medical development at its beginning, and it was transformed into a purely academic journal in 1907. There are many records related to TCM in it, such as TCM diagnosis, treatment methods and clinical practices. These records show the process of how the missionaries observed, understood, learned, and used TCM. They also reflect the attitudes of medical missionaries towards TCM after experiencing it in its homeland, China at that time. The writings of missionaries on TCM represent a confluence of Eastern and Western medical research and cultural interactions, contributing significantly to the study of modern Chinese medical advancements and Sino-Western cultural exchanges.
文摘This paper reconstructs in detail the course leading to the inception of the Chinese material medica(CMM)research at the Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)in 1920.By analyzing the primary materials from several archives,it provides,for the first time,a historiographical account of the major events and key figures in the process.These include the China Medical Board(CMB)Commission to East Asia in 1915 that shaped the attitudes of Drs.William H.Welch and Simon Flexner,the PUMC’s chief scientific architects,toward CMM and its scientific investigation;the influence of medical missionaries and Japanese scientists on these attitudes;the medical leaders’decisive roles in recruiting Ralph G.Mills and Bernard E.Read,two of medical missionaries with strong interests in and actual studies on CMM,to the PUMC,which serendipitously made them central figures associated with the CMM research at the College;and finally the critical role of Mills and other medical missionaries in introducing CMM research,both concept and material,to the CMB executives and in their reconciliating the research subject with the institutional aims.The findings of the study contextualize the inception of CMM research at PUMC from the perspective of broader narrative of transnational circulation and recognition of medical knowledge and highlight the intermediatory roles played by medical missionaries that were critical in the intersection between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and scientific medicine.The study also reveals multiple serendipitous occurrences associated with the eventual inception of the program,thus offers a fresh interpretation of the beginning of the most impactful research program of scientizing TCM in the first half of the 20th century.
文摘The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)into medical robotics has emerged as a cornerstone of modern healthcare,driving transformative advancements in precision,adaptability and patient outcomes.Although computational tools have long supported diagnostic processes,their role is evolving beyond passive assistance to become active collaborators in therapeutic decision-making.In this paradigm,knowledge-driven deep learning systems are redefining possibilities-enabling robots to interpret complex data,adapt to dynamic clinical environments and execute tasks with human-like contextual awareness.
