Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted t...Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.展开更多
In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results ...In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.展开更多
Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon...Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.展开更多
In electrochemical energy storage systems,the sodium-ion battery is typically integrated in the form of a“cell-module-cluster”,but its cross-scale thermal runaway triggering risk and the propagation mechanism remain...In electrochemical energy storage systems,the sodium-ion battery is typically integrated in the form of a“cell-module-cluster”,but its cross-scale thermal runaway triggering risk and the propagation mechanism remain unclear.This study reveals the cross-scale thermal runaway triggering and propagation behavior of sodium-ion batteries of“cell-module-cluster”under overcharge conditions,and investigates the effects of key factors,including module spacing,triggering cell location,and heat dissipation condition,on the thermal runaway propagation behavior.Results demonstrate that the thermal runaway propagation in a module containing the overcharged cell follows a sequential triggering mode,while thermal runaway in the downstream module exhibits a simultaneous triggering mode with greater severity.Furthermore,increasing the module spacing or enhancing the heat dissipation capacity can effectively reduce the heat accumulation and prevent the trigger of thermal runaway.On the above basis,the multi-dimensional evaluation strategy is proposed to quantitatively assess the hazard of sodium-ion battery cluster thermal runaway.The findings serve as a foundation for the safe design of sodium-ion batteries in energy storage systems.展开更多
Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster...Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.展开更多
The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerge...The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.展开更多
To address the issues of short setting time and high bleeding rate of A component,which easily cause pipe plugging and poor grouting performance when a two-component grout is injected synchronously behind the Segmenta...To address the issues of short setting time and high bleeding rate of A component,which easily cause pipe plugging and poor grouting performance when a two-component grout is injected synchronously behind the Segmental Lining,the inorganic retarder sodium pyrophosphate(TSPP)and three organic retarders were added to the A component:sodium citrate(SC),sodium tartrate(ST)and glycerol(GLY).The effect law and microscopic mechanism of viscosity,bleeding rate,setting time,gelling time,compressive strength,and stone rate were investigated.The results revealed that the addition of retarders could enhance the stability and setting time of the A component and increase the gelling time,stone rate,and compressive strength of two-component grout.Among them,the performance of the grout with an SC dosage of 0.1% was superior.The bleeding rate of this grout was reduced to 3.5%,the stone rate of the two-component grout was more than 99%,and the early compressive strength and late compressive strength of this grout were increased by approximately 35% and 7%,respectively.The initial and final setting time of the A component with a TSPP dosage of 0.3% was the longest,which was prolonged to 17 and 26 h,respectively.Microscopic analysis revealed that the four retarders hindered the hydration process of cement through complexation and adsorption,and inhibited the hydration of C_(3)S and the crystallisation of CH.Moreover,they reduced the defects caused by the rapid reaction of water glass and CH on the solid phase structure,enabled the microstructure of the stone body to be denser,and subsequently,enhanced the compressive strength.展开更多
The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP...The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP)dominates the market due to its favorable properties;thus,a substantial amount of LFP cathode materials is expected to retire in the near future.The conventional hydrometallurgical method suffers from high costs and serious pollution.Direct regeneration technologies,especially solid-state sintering,provide a more efficient and environmentally benign alternative by repairing cathode structures through high-temperature solid-phase reactions without extra chemical reagents.Traditional solid-state sintering faces challenges in processing spent LFP from diverse sources,struggling to achieve the homogenization of physical–chemical properties and electrochemical performance.To address the limitations above,phase homogenization with a lattice reconstruction strategy has been investigated,which can enable effective lattice reconstruction and microstructural homogenization,demonstrating robust adaptability to spent samples from variable sources.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms,detailed steps,characterization techniques,and advances in pre-oxidation optimization(including ion-doping and coated carbon layer modification),as well as future research directions for sustainable LFP recycling.Given this,this review is expected to offer theoretical guidance for achieving homogeneous regeneration of LFP cathode.展开更多
Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,ta...Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.展开更多
Mangicol-type sesterterpenoids possess potent anti-inflammatory activity,characterized by a 5-5-6-5tetracyclic carbon skeleton formed by mangicdiene synthase Fg MS.Two proposed mechanisms for mangicdiene formation inv...Mangicol-type sesterterpenoids possess potent anti-inflammatory activity,characterized by a 5-5-6-5tetracyclic carbon skeleton formed by mangicdiene synthase Fg MS.Two proposed mechanisms for mangicdiene formation involve either C6-C10 cyclization(path a) or C2-C10 cyclization(path b) after the C10carbocation formation,but neither has been experimentally validated.Here,we have identified a second mangicdiene synthase Man D,which is derived from Fusarium sp.JNU-XJ070152-01 and shares high amino acid sequence identity with Fg MS.Through heterologous expression of man D in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1,we observed production not only of mangicdiene(1) and variecoltetraene(2),previously identified by expression of Fg MS in Escherichia coli,but also two novel sesterterpene skeletons fusadiene(3)and fusatriene(4).The identification of fusadiene and fusatriene supports the occurrence of two key carbocation intermediates in path b,thus experimentally confirming that mangicdiene is built via path b for the first time,consistent with previous density functional theory(DFT) calculation results.展开更多
Early prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion have emerged as a critical research area in coal mine safety.Due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness,microorganisms have gained attention....Early prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion have emerged as a critical research area in coal mine safety.Due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness,microorganisms have gained attention.A filamentous fungus was collected in the coal mine and identified as Absidia spinosa.Results indicated that the mycelium effectively covered and repaired many coal pores.The oxygen consumption ratio of A.spinosa was higher in coal-containing environments than in coal-free conditions.The fungus significantly impacted aliphatic functional groups,disrupting bridging bonds and side chains connected to aromatic structures and reducing the relative content of C—O bonds.Additionally,A.spinosa increases the ignition temperature by 25.34℃.The total heat release was decreased by approximately 32.58%,and the activation energies were increased.The genome of Absidia spinosa revealed genes related to oxygen consumption,small molecule degradation,and secretion of metabolic products,such as those annotated under GO ID:0140657,etc.The pathways involved in the degradation of small organic molecules(e.g.,ko00626,etc.),carbon fixation,and nitrogen cycling,all linked to coal decomposition.Through oxygen consumption and the alteration of coal-active structures,A.spinosa effectively inhibits CSC,providing an experimental basis for exploring eco-friendly biological control methods in the goaf.展开更多
Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate s...Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile.Branched-chain amino acids(BCAA),including leucine(Leu),isoleucine(Ile),and valine(Val),are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production.Additionally,BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades,which significantly influence physiological processes,such as protein synthesis and degradation,glucose and lipid metabolism,and cell apoptosis and autophagy.These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways.This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism,their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium,and applications in animal production.These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.展开更多
The Mianhuakeng uranium deposit,characterized by uranium-rich granite,serves as a key site for research into crustal radioactive heating.Based on 45 rock samples,this study reviews that the host granite in the Mianhua...The Mianhuakeng uranium deposit,characterized by uranium-rich granite,serves as a key site for research into crustal radioactive heating.Based on 45 rock samples,this study reviews that the host granite in the Mianhuakeng uranium deposit has a high radioactive heat production rate(avg.5.50μW/m³)and a low Th/U ratio(avg.2.62).Uranium-rich granite and its alteration zone within the upper crust(0-5 km depth)contribute about 45%of the total radioactive heat production,wich is crucial for controlling geothermal resource distribution.For uranium-thermal at tectonic plate margins,a symbiotic geological model was proposed:Firstly,subduction of the Pacific Plate caused upwelling of the asthenosphere,generating a high heat-flow background.Secondly,heat transfer is enhanced by major faults such as the Youdong and Mianhuakeng faults.Subsequently,uranium was mobilized,transported,and enriched within the granite through deep siliceous hydrothermal activity and associated alteration.Ultimately,the uranium enrichment in granite leads to increased radioactive heat production,resulting in local thermal anomalies.This model provides a theoretical support for exploring and developing uranium-thermal symbiotic resources in South China.展开更多
Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To eluci...Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.展开更多
Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or ...Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or attitude instability,seriously compromising mission reliability.To address this engineering challenge,this paper proposes a multi-point low-impact locking/release mechanism based on the mobility model and energy conversion strategy.Through establishing a DOF constraint framework system,this paper systematically analyzes the energy transfer and conversion characteristics during the wing separation process,reveals the generation mechanism of impact loads,and conducts research on low-impact design based on energy conversion strategy.Building on this foundation,a single-point locking/release mechanism employing parallel trapezoidal key shaft structure was designed,which increases frictional contact time and reduces the energy release rate,thereby achieving low-impact characteristics.The mechanism's performance was validated through physical prototype development and systematic functional testing(including unlocking force,synchronization,and impact tests).Experimental results demonstrate:(1)Under 14 kN preload condition,the maximum unlocking force was only 92.54 N,showing a linear relationship with preload that satisfies the"strong-connection/weak-unlock"design requirement;(2)Wing separation was completed within 46 ms,with synchronization time difference among three separation mechanisms stably controlled within 12-14 ms,proving rapid and reliable operation;(3)The unlocking impact acceleration ranged between 26 and 73 g,below the 100 g design limit,confirming the effectiveness of the energy conversion strategy.The proposed low-impact locking/release mechanism design method based on energy conversion strategy resolves the traditional challenges of high impact and synchronization deficiencies.The synergistic optimization mechanism of"structural load reduction and performance improvement"provides a highly reliable technical solution for wing separable mechanisms while offering novel design insights for wing connection/separation systems engineering.展开更多
Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in de...Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of blood-letting cupping combined with manual lymphatic drainage in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema(BCRL)and explore its mechanism of action from both traditional ...Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of blood-letting cupping combined with manual lymphatic drainage in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema(BCRL)and explore its mechanism of action from both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical perspectives,providing a scientific basis and novel therapeutic approaches for clinical management of BCRL.Methods:Patients with BCRL admitted to the outpatient and inpatient departments of Hebei University Affiliated Hospital were enrolled.A prospective randomized controlled trial design was adopted,with eligible patients randomly assigned to a treatment group and a control group.The control group received manual lymphatic drainage alone,while the treatment group received manual lymphtic drainage combined with blood-letting cupping therapy.Posttreatment comparisons evaluated upper limb circumference reduction,edema severity grading,and upper limb functional scores.Vital signs and adverse reactions during treatment were recorded for both groups.Statistical software analyzed the data.Results:The treatment group demonstrated significantly greater reduction in upper limb circumference,improvement in edema severity,and higher upper limb function scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Vital signs remained stable throughout treatment in both groups.No severe adverse reactions occurred in the treatment group;only isolated cases of mild skin itching were reported,which resolved after symptomatic management.Conclusion:The combination of bloodletting cupping and manual lymphatic drainage demonstrates reliable efficacy in treating BCRL,effectively alleviating edema symptoms and improving upper limb function with high safety.Its mechanism may relate to traditional Chinese medicine principles of“unblocking meridians,promoting blood circulation,and resolving stasis”and modern medical concepts of“enhancing local blood circulation,facilitating lymphatic drainage,and reducing inflammatory responses”.展开更多
Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-...Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.展开更多
Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespr...Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespread attention for CO_(2)RR due to their high catalytic activity,selectivity,excellent stability,and low cost.However,they still need to be further improved to meet the needs of industrial applications.This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in regulation strategies of Bi-based catalysts and can be divided into six categories:(1)defect engineering,(2)atomic doping engineering,(3)organic framework engineering,(4)inorganic heterojunction engineering,(5)crystal face engineering,and(6)alloying and polarization engineering.Meanwhile,the corresponding catalytic mechanisms of each regulation strategy will also be discussed in detail,aiming to enable researchers to understand the structure-property relationship of the improved Bibased catalysts fundamentally.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities of the Bi-based catalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR application field will also be featured from the perspectives of the(1)combination or synergy of multiple regulatory strategies,(2)revealing formation mechanism and realizing controllable synthesis,and(3)in situ multiscale investigation of activation pathways and uncovering the catalytic mechanisms.On the one hand,through the comparative analysis and mechanism explanation of the six major regulatory strategies,a multidimensional knowledge framework of the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts can be constructed for researchers,which not only deepens the atomic-level understanding of catalytic active sites,charge transport paths,and the adsorption behavior of intermediate products,but also provides theoretical guiding principles for the controllable design of new catalysts;on the other hand,the promising collaborative regulation strategies,controllable synthetic paths,and the in situ multiscale characterization techniques presented in this work provides a paradigm reference for shortening the research and development cycle of high-performance catalysts,conducive to facilitating the transition of photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR technology from the laboratory routes to industrial application.展开更多
In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadm...In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271389,31900987(both to PY)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20230608(to JJ)。
文摘Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.
文摘In this study,thyme essential oil(TEO)nanoemulsion(tPTNs)was constructed with transglutaminase(TGase)-modified potato protein,and its antibacterial activity and mechanism of action were evaluated and explored.Results indicated that tPTNs exhibited great antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,with minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL,respectively.Also,the antibacterial effects of tPTNs were concentration-dependent.We observed a significant decrease in the absolute value of the zeta potential,and significant increases in particle size,cell membrane hydrophobicity,conductivity,the release of metal ions,and the leakage of nucleic acid as the concentration of tPTNs increased from 0 mg/mL to MBC.Furthermore,sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)demonstrated that protein synthesis was inhibited or even disrupted.Analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)indicated that treatment with tPTNs caused significant changes in bacterial metabolites,1117 and 692 differential metabolites being found for S.aureus and E.coli,respectively.The differential metabolites were involved in nucleotide metabolism,amino acid metabolism,tricarboxylic acid cycle and other metabolic pathways.These findings provide valuable insights for the application of thyme essential oil as an efficient antibacterial agent and for the understanding of its mechanism of action.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4104500,2023YFB4104502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138013)the Taishan Scholar Project(ts201712020).
文摘Against the backdrop of escalating global climate change and energy crises,the resource utilization of carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),a major greenhouse gas,has become a crucial pathway for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.The hydrogenation of CO_(2)to methanol not only enables carbon sequestration and recycling,but also provides a route to produce high value-added fuels and basic chemical feedstocks,holding significant environmental and economic potential.However,this conversion process is thermodynamically and kinetically limited,and traditional catalyst systems(e.g.,Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3))exhibit inadequate activity,selectivity,and stability under mild conditions.Therefore,the development of novel high-performance catalysts with precisely tunable structures and functionalities is imperative.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),as crystalline porous materials with high surface area,tunable pore structures,and diverse metal-ligand compositions,have the great potential in CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysis.Their structural design flexibility allows for the construction of well-dispersed active sites,tailored electronic environments,and enhanced metal-support interactions.This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in MOF-based and MOF-derived catalysts for CO_(2)hydrogenation to methanol,focusing on four design strategies:(1)spatial confinement and in situ construction,(2)defect engineering and ion-exchange,(3)bimetallic synergy and hybrid structure design,and(4)MOF-derived nanomaterial synthesis.These approaches significantly improve CO_(2)conversion and methanol selectivity by optimizing metal dispersion,interfacial structures,and reaction pathways.The reaction mechanism is further explored by focusing on the three main reaction pathways:the formate pathway(HCOO*),the RWGS(Reverse Water Gas Shift reaction)+CO*hydrogenation pathway,and the trans-COOH pathway.In situ spectroscopic studies and density functional theory(DFT)calculations elucidate the formation and transformation of key intermediates,as well as the roles of active sites,metal-support interfaces,oxygen vacancies,and promoters.Additionally,representative catalytic performance data for MOFbased systems are compiled and compared,demonstrating their advantages over traditional catalysts in terms of CO_(2)conversion,methanol selectivity,and space-time yield.Future perspectives for MOF-based CO_(2)hydrogenation catalysts will prioritize two main directions:structural design and mechanistic understanding.The precise construction of active sites through multi-metallic synergy,defect engineering,and interfacial electronic modulation should be made to enhance catalyst selectivity and stability.In addition,advanced in situ characterization techniques combined with theoretical modeling are essential to unravel the detailed reaction mechanisms and intermediate behaviors,thereby guiding rational catalyst design.Moreover,to enable industrial application,challenges related to thermal/hydrothermal stability,catalyst recyclability,and cost-effective large-scale synthesis must be addressed.The development of green,scalable preparation methods and the integration of MOF catalysts into practical reaction systems(e.g.,flow reactors)will be crucial for bridging the gap between laboratory research and commercial deployment.Ultimately,multi-scale structure-performance optimization and catalytic system integration will be vital for accelerating the industrialization of MOF-based CO_(2)-to-methanol technologies.
基金supported by the Anhui Quality Infrastructure Standardization Project(Grant No.2024MKSO7)the Science and Technology Project of State Grid(SGAHDK00DJJS2310027)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2208085UD03).
文摘In electrochemical energy storage systems,the sodium-ion battery is typically integrated in the form of a“cell-module-cluster”,but its cross-scale thermal runaway triggering risk and the propagation mechanism remain unclear.This study reveals the cross-scale thermal runaway triggering and propagation behavior of sodium-ion batteries of“cell-module-cluster”under overcharge conditions,and investigates the effects of key factors,including module spacing,triggering cell location,and heat dissipation condition,on the thermal runaway propagation behavior.Results demonstrate that the thermal runaway propagation in a module containing the overcharged cell follows a sequential triggering mode,while thermal runaway in the downstream module exhibits a simultaneous triggering mode with greater severity.Furthermore,increasing the module spacing or enhancing the heat dissipation capacity can effectively reduce the heat accumulation and prevent the trigger of thermal runaway.On the above basis,the multi-dimensional evaluation strategy is proposed to quantitatively assess the hazard of sodium-ion battery cluster thermal runaway.The findings serve as a foundation for the safe design of sodium-ion batteries in energy storage systems.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42571219)Key Project of Zhejiang Province Soft Science Research Plan(No.2023C25014)。
文摘Bottom-up and top-down endogenous automobile clusters exhibit distinct evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms,yet their comparative analysis remains understudied.Therefore,using Taizhou automobile industry cluster(TAIC)and Wuhu automobile industry cluster(WAIC)as cases,using historical statistical data and field interview data from the 1980s to 2023,combined with qualitative research methods of thematic and diachronic analysis,and quantitative research methods of social network analysis,we compare both endogenous automobile clusters’evolutionary traits and driving mechanisms.The results confirm both clusters undergo multi-scale spatial reconfiguration,organizational complexification,and intelligent networking technological transformation,yet diverge fundamentally:TAIC evolves through market-driven progressive expansion,transitioning from single to dual-core structures via private enterprise networking,with innovation following market-integrated logic and institutional thickness built on demand-driven evolution.Conversely,WAIC follows planned expansion,maintaining state-led hierarchical single-core stability through policy-driven breakthrough innovation and supply-dominated institutional construction-though both ultimately require formal-informal system synergy.Their coevolution is driven by dynamic interactions of path dependence(weakening influence),learning-innovation(strengthening influence),and relationship selection(inverted U-shaped trajectory),with divergent development paths rooted in TAIC’s grassroots self-organization genes versus WAIC’s top-level design genes,amplified by core enterprises’strategic disparities.The research findings can not only provide decision-making support for China’s industrial upgrading,but also contribute China’s insights to global economic governance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52100076)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2023MS064)。
文摘The escalating global issues of water scarcity and pollution emphasize the critical need for the rapid development of efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies.Photoelectrocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising solution for effectively degrading refractory organic pollutants in water under light conditions.This review delves into the advancements made in the field,focusing on strategies to enhance the generation of active species by modulating the micro-interface of the photoanode.Strategies,such as morphological control,element doping,introduction of surface oxygen vacancies,and construction of heterostructures,significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charges and the generation of active species,thereby boosting the efficiency of photoelectrocatalytic performance.Furthermore,the review explores the potential applications of photoelectrocatalytic technology in organic pollutant degradation in solutions.It also outlines the current challenges and future development directions.Despite its remarkable laboratory success,practical implementation of photoelectrocatalytic technology encounters obstacles related to stability,cost-effectiveness,and operational efficiency.Future investigations need to focus on optimizing the performance of photoelectrocatalytic materials and exploring strategies for upscaling their application in real water treatment scenarios.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52378394)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.B230201037)。
文摘To address the issues of short setting time and high bleeding rate of A component,which easily cause pipe plugging and poor grouting performance when a two-component grout is injected synchronously behind the Segmental Lining,the inorganic retarder sodium pyrophosphate(TSPP)and three organic retarders were added to the A component:sodium citrate(SC),sodium tartrate(ST)and glycerol(GLY).The effect law and microscopic mechanism of viscosity,bleeding rate,setting time,gelling time,compressive strength,and stone rate were investigated.The results revealed that the addition of retarders could enhance the stability and setting time of the A component and increase the gelling time,stone rate,and compressive strength of two-component grout.Among them,the performance of the grout with an SC dosage of 0.1% was superior.The bleeding rate of this grout was reduced to 3.5%,the stone rate of the two-component grout was more than 99%,and the early compressive strength and late compressive strength of this grout were increased by approximately 35% and 7%,respectively.The initial and final setting time of the A component with a TSPP dosage of 0.3% was the longest,which was prolonged to 17 and 26 h,respectively.Microscopic analysis revealed that the four retarders hindered the hydration process of cement through complexation and adsorption,and inhibited the hydration of C_(3)S and the crystallisation of CH.Moreover,they reduced the defects caused by the rapid reaction of water glass and CH on the solid phase structure,enabled the microstructure of the stone body to be denser,and subsequently,enhanced the compressive strength.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(52534010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374288,52204298)+2 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3900805-4/7)Collaborative Innovation Centre for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources,Found of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2017-13).
文摘The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP)dominates the market due to its favorable properties;thus,a substantial amount of LFP cathode materials is expected to retire in the near future.The conventional hydrometallurgical method suffers from high costs and serious pollution.Direct regeneration technologies,especially solid-state sintering,provide a more efficient and environmentally benign alternative by repairing cathode structures through high-temperature solid-phase reactions without extra chemical reagents.Traditional solid-state sintering faces challenges in processing spent LFP from diverse sources,struggling to achieve the homogenization of physical–chemical properties and electrochemical performance.To address the limitations above,phase homogenization with a lattice reconstruction strategy has been investigated,which can enable effective lattice reconstruction and microstructural homogenization,demonstrating robust adaptability to spent samples from variable sources.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms,detailed steps,characterization techniques,and advances in pre-oxidation optimization(including ion-doping and coated carbon layer modification),as well as future research directions for sustainable LFP recycling.Given this,this review is expected to offer theoretical guidance for achieving homogeneous regeneration of LFP cathode.
文摘Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2024YFE0102000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.81925037,82321004,U22A20371,U24A20782,32170060,22177037,22207039,22307045)+6 种基金the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (No.2023B0303000026)the Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (No.2022B1515020028,China)the Guangdong International Science and Technology Cooperation Base (No.2021A0505020015,China)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos.2023B1515040016,2023A1515110388)the Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Higher Education Institution (No.2021KCXTD001,China)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project (Nos.202206010020,2024A04J6241,2023A04J0080,China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos.21623105,21624210)。
文摘Mangicol-type sesterterpenoids possess potent anti-inflammatory activity,characterized by a 5-5-6-5tetracyclic carbon skeleton formed by mangicdiene synthase Fg MS.Two proposed mechanisms for mangicdiene formation involve either C6-C10 cyclization(path a) or C2-C10 cyclization(path b) after the C10carbocation formation,but neither has been experimentally validated.Here,we have identified a second mangicdiene synthase Man D,which is derived from Fusarium sp.JNU-XJ070152-01 and shares high amino acid sequence identity with Fg MS.Through heterologous expression of man D in Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1,we observed production not only of mangicdiene(1) and variecoltetraene(2),previously identified by expression of Fg MS in Escherichia coli,but also two novel sesterterpene skeletons fusadiene(3)and fusatriene(4).The identification of fusadiene and fusatriene supports the occurrence of two key carbocation intermediates in path b,thus experimentally confirming that mangicdiene is built via path b for the first time,consistent with previous density functional theory(DFT) calculation results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974128)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3009105)。
文摘Early prevention and control of coal spontaneous combustion have emerged as a critical research area in coal mine safety.Due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness,microorganisms have gained attention.A filamentous fungus was collected in the coal mine and identified as Absidia spinosa.Results indicated that the mycelium effectively covered and repaired many coal pores.The oxygen consumption ratio of A.spinosa was higher in coal-containing environments than in coal-free conditions.The fungus significantly impacted aliphatic functional groups,disrupting bridging bonds and side chains connected to aromatic structures and reducing the relative content of C—O bonds.Additionally,A.spinosa increases the ignition temperature by 25.34℃.The total heat release was decreased by approximately 32.58%,and the activation energies were increased.The genome of Absidia spinosa revealed genes related to oxygen consumption,small molecule degradation,and secretion of metabolic products,such as those annotated under GO ID:0140657,etc.The pathways involved in the degradation of small organic molecules(e.g.,ko00626,etc.),carbon fixation,and nitrogen cycling,all linked to coal decomposition.Through oxygen consumption and the alteration of coal-active structures,A.spinosa effectively inhibits CSC,providing an experimental basis for exploring eco-friendly biological control methods in the goaf.
基金partly funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1301405)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
文摘Skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40%of body mass and 50%–75%of whole-body protein,playing a central role in meat production and quality.Efficient protein synthesis in skeletal muscle relies on an adequate supply of nutrient substrates and a balanced amino acid profile.Branched-chain amino acids(BCAA),including leucine(Leu),isoleucine(Ile),and valine(Val),are the most abundant essential amino acids in skeletal muscle and contribute to both protein synthesis and oxidative energy production.Additionally,BCAA function as signaling molecules that regulate gene expression and protein phosphorylation cascades,which significantly influence physiological processes,such as protein synthesis and degradation,glucose and lipid metabolism,and cell apoptosis and autophagy.These processes are primarily mediated through the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathways.This review summarizes BCAA transporters and catabolic metabolism,their role as signaling molecules in regulating protein metabolism and glucose and lipid equilibrium,and applications in animal production.These findings offer both theoretical insights and practical guidelines for the precise regulation of feed efficiency and production performance through tailored dietary BCAA supplementations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902310,42372348,42372286)Deep Earth Probe and Mineral Resources Exploration-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD1003607)+2 种基金China Geological Survey Projects(DD20230700802,DD20221819)the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(JKYQN202306)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province,China(202102090301009).
文摘The Mianhuakeng uranium deposit,characterized by uranium-rich granite,serves as a key site for research into crustal radioactive heating.Based on 45 rock samples,this study reviews that the host granite in the Mianhuakeng uranium deposit has a high radioactive heat production rate(avg.5.50μW/m³)and a low Th/U ratio(avg.2.62).Uranium-rich granite and its alteration zone within the upper crust(0-5 km depth)contribute about 45%of the total radioactive heat production,wich is crucial for controlling geothermal resource distribution.For uranium-thermal at tectonic plate margins,a symbiotic geological model was proposed:Firstly,subduction of the Pacific Plate caused upwelling of the asthenosphere,generating a high heat-flow background.Secondly,heat transfer is enhanced by major faults such as the Youdong and Mianhuakeng faults.Subsequently,uranium was mobilized,transported,and enriched within the granite through deep siliceous hydrothermal activity and associated alteration.Ultimately,the uranium enrichment in granite leads to increased radioactive heat production,resulting in local thermal anomalies.This model provides a theoretical support for exploring and developing uranium-thermal symbiotic resources in South China.
基金supported by the Young Student Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.525B2139)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3711300 and 2021YFF0500301)the Space Application System of China Manned Space Program(No.KJZ-YYWCL404)。
文摘Targeting Chang'E-8 mission'in-situ resource utilization(ISRU)for sustainable lunar habitats,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)provides a viable pathway for in-situ additive manufacturing of lunar regolith.To elucidate mission relevant mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of LPBF fabricated lunar regolith simulants,mare type and highland type simulant specimens were produced.Microstructural characterization,mechanical test coupled with three-dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC),and an energy-dissipation framework were employed for comprehensive analysis.The pristine highland specimens achieved 5.79 MPa and a peak strain of 0.13(50 mm×50 mm×30 mm),significantly outperforming their mare counterparts.Wire-cutting to 20 mm×20 mm×20 mm lowered strength by~20%and peak strain to 0.04,indicating cutting-induced defects reduce ductility.All specimens displayed multipeaked stress–strain curves.3D-DIC revealed band-type strain localization in pristine highland samples,diffuse strain patterns in cut highland samples,and highly tortuous,network-type bands in mare samples;the anisotropy index was also quantified.Fragmented particles exhibited fractal dimensions ranging from 1.6 to 2.0(size 1.25–9 mm).Energy evolution progressed through three distinct stages:elastic energy storage,progressive energy dissipation delaying crack propagation,and final unstable collapse.An energy-based damage model was established and validated.The data and methods developed support Chang'E-8 missions'ISRU demonstrations and establish a transferable framework toward sustainable lunar habitats.
文摘Conventional locking/release mechanisms often face challenges in aircraft wing separation processes,such as excessive impact loads and insufficient synchronization.These may cause structural damage to the airframe or attitude instability,seriously compromising mission reliability.To address this engineering challenge,this paper proposes a multi-point low-impact locking/release mechanism based on the mobility model and energy conversion strategy.Through establishing a DOF constraint framework system,this paper systematically analyzes the energy transfer and conversion characteristics during the wing separation process,reveals the generation mechanism of impact loads,and conducts research on low-impact design based on energy conversion strategy.Building on this foundation,a single-point locking/release mechanism employing parallel trapezoidal key shaft structure was designed,which increases frictional contact time and reduces the energy release rate,thereby achieving low-impact characteristics.The mechanism's performance was validated through physical prototype development and systematic functional testing(including unlocking force,synchronization,and impact tests).Experimental results demonstrate:(1)Under 14 kN preload condition,the maximum unlocking force was only 92.54 N,showing a linear relationship with preload that satisfies the"strong-connection/weak-unlock"design requirement;(2)Wing separation was completed within 46 ms,with synchronization time difference among three separation mechanisms stably controlled within 12-14 ms,proving rapid and reliable operation;(3)The unlocking impact acceleration ranged between 26 and 73 g,below the 100 g design limit,confirming the effectiveness of the energy conversion strategy.The proposed low-impact locking/release mechanism design method based on energy conversion strategy resolves the traditional challenges of high impact and synchronization deficiencies.The synergistic optimization mechanism of"structural load reduction and performance improvement"provides a highly reliable technical solution for wing separable mechanisms while offering novel design insights for wing connection/separation systems engineering.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075137)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515140161)+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China(2021JJB 110003)the Dongguan Science and Technology of Social Development Program(20231800936312)the high-level talent program of Dongguan University of Technology(No.221110080)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202103014).
文摘Many spore-forming Bacillus species can cause serious human diseases,because of accidental Bacillusspore infection.Thus,developing an identification strategy with both high sensitivity and specificity is greatly in demand.In this work,we proposed a novel approach named multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform to identify living Bacillus spores within a single-cell resolution.The multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided neural network Raman platform was created by combining single-cell Raman spectroscopy,convolutional neural network(CNN),and multi-head self-attention mechanism.To address the limited size of the original spectra dataset,Gaussian noise-based spectra augmentation was employed to increase the number of single-cell Raman spectra datasets for CNN training.Owing to the assistance of both spectra augmentation and multi-head self-attention mechanism,the obtained prediction accuracy of five Bacillus spore species was further improved from 92.29±0.82%to 99.43±0.15%.To figure out the spectra differences covered by the multi-head self-attention mechanism-guided CNN,the relative classification weight from typical Raman bands was visualized via multi-head self-attention mechanism curve.In the process of spectra augmentation from 0 to 1000,the distribution of relative classification weight varied from a discrete state to a more concentrated phase.More importantly,these highlighted four Raman bands(1017,1449,1576,and 1660 cm^(-1))were assigned large weights,showing that the spectra differences in the Raman bands produced the largest contribution to prediction accuracy.It can be foreseen that,our proposed sorting platform has great potential in accurately identifying Bacillus and its related genera species at a single-cell level.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of blood-letting cupping combined with manual lymphatic drainage in treating breast cancer-related lymphedema(BCRL)and explore its mechanism of action from both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical perspectives,providing a scientific basis and novel therapeutic approaches for clinical management of BCRL.Methods:Patients with BCRL admitted to the outpatient and inpatient departments of Hebei University Affiliated Hospital were enrolled.A prospective randomized controlled trial design was adopted,with eligible patients randomly assigned to a treatment group and a control group.The control group received manual lymphatic drainage alone,while the treatment group received manual lymphtic drainage combined with blood-letting cupping therapy.Posttreatment comparisons evaluated upper limb circumference reduction,edema severity grading,and upper limb functional scores.Vital signs and adverse reactions during treatment were recorded for both groups.Statistical software analyzed the data.Results:The treatment group demonstrated significantly greater reduction in upper limb circumference,improvement in edema severity,and higher upper limb function scores compared to the control group(P<0.05).Vital signs remained stable throughout treatment in both groups.No severe adverse reactions occurred in the treatment group;only isolated cases of mild skin itching were reported,which resolved after symptomatic management.Conclusion:The combination of bloodletting cupping and manual lymphatic drainage demonstrates reliable efficacy in treating BCRL,effectively alleviating edema symptoms and improving upper limb function with high safety.Its mechanism may relate to traditional Chinese medicine principles of“unblocking meridians,promoting blood circulation,and resolving stasis”and modern medical concepts of“enhancing local blood circulation,facilitating lymphatic drainage,and reducing inflammatory responses”.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20232101)Shandong Second Medical University 2024 Affiliated Hospital(Teaching Hospital)Scientific Research Development Fund Project(2024FYQ026)+3 种基金the innovative Research Programme of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital(XYY2023ZY01)Faculty Development Grants of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine(XYY2023D05)Joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xiangyang of China(2025AFD091)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZY2025D019).
文摘Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12305372 and 22376217)the National Key Research&Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1603802 and 2022YFB3504100)+1 种基金the projects of the key laboratory of advanced energy materials chemistry,ministry of education(Nankai University)key laboratory of Jiangxi Province for persistent pollutants prevention control and resource reuse(2023SSY02061)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Using photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to produce valuable fuels is a fascinating way to alleviate environmental issues and energy crises.Bismuth-based(Bi-based)catalysts have attracted widespread attention for CO_(2)RR due to their high catalytic activity,selectivity,excellent stability,and low cost.However,they still need to be further improved to meet the needs of industrial applications.This review article comprehensively summarizes the recent advances in regulation strategies of Bi-based catalysts and can be divided into six categories:(1)defect engineering,(2)atomic doping engineering,(3)organic framework engineering,(4)inorganic heterojunction engineering,(5)crystal face engineering,and(6)alloying and polarization engineering.Meanwhile,the corresponding catalytic mechanisms of each regulation strategy will also be discussed in detail,aiming to enable researchers to understand the structure-property relationship of the improved Bibased catalysts fundamentally.Finally,the challenges and future opportunities of the Bi-based catalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR application field will also be featured from the perspectives of the(1)combination or synergy of multiple regulatory strategies,(2)revealing formation mechanism and realizing controllable synthesis,and(3)in situ multiscale investigation of activation pathways and uncovering the catalytic mechanisms.On the one hand,through the comparative analysis and mechanism explanation of the six major regulatory strategies,a multidimensional knowledge framework of the structure-activity relationship of Bi-based catalysts can be constructed for researchers,which not only deepens the atomic-level understanding of catalytic active sites,charge transport paths,and the adsorption behavior of intermediate products,but also provides theoretical guiding principles for the controllable design of new catalysts;on the other hand,the promising collaborative regulation strategies,controllable synthetic paths,and the in situ multiscale characterization techniques presented in this work provides a paradigm reference for shortening the research and development cycle of high-performance catalysts,conducive to facilitating the transition of photoelectrocatalytic CO_(2)RR technology from the laboratory routes to industrial application.
基金Funded by Central Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund Project(No.ZYYD2023B02)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(No.S202410994015)+2 种基金China University of Mining and Technology Coal Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development National Key Laboratory Xinjiang Engineering College Joint Fund(No.SKLCRSM-XJIE24KF001)Basic Research Funds for Autonomous Region Universities(No.XJEDU2024P082)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41662017)。
文摘In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste rice husk ash and heavy metal cadmium contaminated soil,rice husk ash-based geopolymer prepared by alkaline activator was used to modify cadmium contaminated soil.The main physical and chemical properties of rice husk ash were clarified by SEM,XRF and X-ray diffraction.The unconfined compressive strength test and toxicity leaching test were carried out on the modified soil.Combined with FTIR and TG micro-level,the solidification mechanism of rice husk ash-based geopolymer solidified cadmium contaminated soil was discussed.The results show that the strength of geopolymer modified soil is significantly higher than that of plain soil,and the unconfined compressive strength at 7 d age is 4.2 times that of plain soil.The strength of modified soil with different dosage of geopolymer at 28 d age is about 36% to 40% higher than that of modified soil at 7 d age.Geopolymer has a significant effect on the leaching of heavy metals in contaminated soil.When the cadmium content is 100 mg/kg,it meets the standard limit.In the process of complex depolymerization-condensation reaction,on the one hand,geopolymers are cemented and agglomerated to form a complex spatial structure,which affects the macro and micro characteristics of soil.On the other hand,it has significant adsorption,precipitation and replacement effects on heavy metal ions in soil,showing good strength and low heavy metal leaching toxicity.
