As technologies related to power equipment fault diagnosis and infrared temperature measurement continue to advance,the classification and identification of infrared temperature measurement images have become crucial ...As technologies related to power equipment fault diagnosis and infrared temperature measurement continue to advance,the classification and identification of infrared temperature measurement images have become crucial in effective intelligent fault diagnosis of various electrical equipment.In response to the increasing demand for sufficient feature fusion in current real-time detection and low detection accuracy in existing networks for Substation fault diagnosis,we introduce an innovative method known as Gather and Distribution Mechanism-You Only Look Once(GD-YOLO).Firstly,a partial convolution group is designed based on different convolution kernels.We combine the partial convolution group with deep convolution to propose a new Grouped Channel-wise Spatial Convolution(GCSConv)that compensates for the information loss caused by spatial channel convolution.Secondly,the Gather and Distribute Mechanism,which addresses the fusion problem of different dimensional features,has been implemented by aligning and sharing information through aggregation and distribution mechanisms.Thirdly,considering the limitations in current bounding box regression and the imbalance between complex and simple samples,Maximum Possible Distance Intersection over Union(MPDIoU)and Adaptive SlideLoss is incorporated into the loss function,allowing samples near the Intersection over Union(IoU)to receive more attention through the dynamic variation of the mean Intersection over Union.The GD-YOLO algorithm can surpass YOLOv5,YOLOv7,and YOLOv8 in infrared image detection for electrical equipment,achieving a mean Average Precision(mAP)of 88.9%,with accuracy improvements of 3.7%,4.3%,and 3.1%,respectively.Additionally,the model delivers a frame rate of 48 FPS,which aligns with the precision and velocity criteria necessary for the detection of infrared images in power equipment.展开更多
By using redispersible polymer powder（RPP） and carbon fiber（CF） to adjust the flexibility and electrical properties of the smart aggregate, a new kind of smart aggregate with Z type structure was proposed. The stu...By using redispersible polymer powder（RPP） and carbon fiber（CF） to adjust the flexibility and electrical properties of the smart aggregate, a new kind of smart aggregate with Z type structure was proposed. The study shows that Z type aggregate is more sensitive to the feedback of external force than the prism aggregate in the same loading environment, and it indicates that Z type aggregate is more suitable for the research and application of concrete health monitoring. Although the incorporation of RPP would cause the compressive strength of the aggregates and the elastic modulus of hardened cement mortar to reduce slightly within the dosage of RPP by 2.25% because of the polymer film formed in the internal system, this would improve the deformability of the aggregates. In the early loading stage（in the first 60 seconds）, the intelligent concrete specimens implanted with Z type smart aggregate do not show higher sensitivity as expected, although the resistance change rate changes a little bit more, the overall of it is still in balance. Adding RPP could improve the flexibility of smart aggregates exactly, and it plays an active role in prolonging the life of the smart aggregates. By implanting Z type aggregates the damage and failure of the concrete structure could be predicted accurately in this study. The results of this paper will help to promote further research and application of intelligent concrete.展开更多
1 Introduction Nanoparticles are widely found in the ductile shear zone and it is considered to have a close relation with faulting.The sizes of these nanoparticles are generallyless than 100 nm.They have a variety of...1 Introduction Nanoparticles are widely found in the ductile shear zone and it is considered to have a close relation with faulting.The sizes of these nanoparticles are generallyless than 100 nm.They have a variety of morphologies like globular structure rod-like and tubular,by the order aggregating of these nanoparticles various aggregations展开更多
We investigated mechanical properties of concretes made with impurity aggregates of different combinations. Besides the mechanisms were explored by EDS, CT, and hardness testing. The results showed that fully rust-sta...We investigated mechanical properties of concretes made with impurity aggregates of different combinations. Besides the mechanisms were explored by EDS, CT, and hardness testing. The results showed that fully rust-stained and surface rust-stained sandstone aggregate had significant adverse impact on the compressive strength of concrete while sandstone aggregate had a much more obvious impact on the ultimate tension of concrete. Concrete crack was more prone to expand along surfaces and the micro-hardness of interfacial transition zone of different aggregates was ranked in decreasing trend as sandstone, slate, SR sandstone, marble, and FR sandstone. The cluster growth of long needle-like ettringite crystal and strong preferential growth trend of Ca（OH）2 crystals would result in wider interfacial transition zone range of concretes made with fully rust-stained sandstone and marble aggregate, respectively. Therefore, the impurity aggregate content should be strictly controlled during aggregate selection.展开更多
Coal slimes are mainly composed of coal and clay particles.The interaction energies among these particles were calculated using extended DLVO(DERJAGUIN-LANDAU-VERWEY-OVERBEEK)theory and the aggregation mechanisms were...Coal slimes are mainly composed of coal and clay particles.The interaction energies among these particles were calculated using extended DLVO(DERJAGUIN-LANDAU-VERWEY-OVERBEEK)theory and the aggregation mechanisms were analyzed based on the settling experiments for coal-kaolinite and coal-montmorillonite suspensions,respectively,under different conditions of water hardness.The results indicate that for coal-kaolinite suspensions,as the water hardness reaches 10.0mol/L,the coal particles aggregate with each other easily,and then,the coal particles may aggregate with kaolinite particles.However,no aggregation occurs between kaolinite particles.A clay platelet network is formed in coal-montmorillonite suspensions by montmorillonite particles and coal particles are captured into the network.Coal and montmorillonite particles settle completely.展开更多
Colloform pyrite is a special form of nano-micro polycrystalline aggregation growth,for which a suitable term is"aggregates of nano-micro crystals".This kind of colloform texture is observed in various geolo...Colloform pyrite is a special form of nano-micro polycrystalline aggregation growth,for which a suitable term is"aggregates of nano-micro crystals".This kind of colloform texture is observed in various geological bodies,such as ancient sedimentary rocks,modern marine and lake sediments,various types of ore deposits,and modern seafloor hydrothermal vents.This paper summarizes the latest developments and research into the definition,formation mechanisms,and environmental indications of colloform pyrite.There appears to be three main formation mechanisms of colloform pyrite:pseudomorphic replacement;biogenic precipitation;and inorganic precipitation.The morphology,particle size,trace element content and preferential growth orientations of coUoform pyrite microcrystals can be important indicators for sedimentary environments,hydrothermal activity,and ore-forming processes.We suggest that the microscopic features of nano-micro crystals in colloform pyrite and their aggregation growth patterns need further investigation.The relationships between formation mechanisms of colioform pyrite,organic activity and depositional environments require further exploration.To reveal the nature of nano-micro grain aggregation growth in colloform pyrite and analyse its growth environment and evolutionary history,it is supposed to apply nanoscientific and nanotechnological methods,further integrate consideration of macroscopic geological backgrounds and microscopic mineral growth phenomena,combine high-resolution imaging systems and in situ quantitative microanalysis methods and constitute a mergence of earth science,thermodynamics and kinetics,life science,material science,and chemistry in the study.展开更多
Unlike conventional natural gas accumulations,unconventional ones have obvious particularity in reservoir forming conditions,enrichment mechanism,distribution modes,prediction method,and exploration technology.Analyzi...Unlike conventional natural gas accumulations,unconventional ones have obvious particularity in reservoir forming conditions,enrichment mechanism,distribution modes,prediction method,and exploration technology.Analyzing the reservoir forming process and main controlling factors of unconventional natural gas accumulations under the guide of the hydrocarbon accumulation system theory is of great significance for unconventional natural gas reservoir evaluation and prediction.Based on the reservoir forming mechanism and distribution mode,the unconventional natural gas accumulation systems are divided into six types,including shale gas,coalbed methane,tight carbonate gas,tight sandstone gas,water-soluble gas,and gas hydrate.According to the concept of“elementefunctionestructure”in the hydrocarbon accumulation system theory and the relationship of“gas source rockemigration systemeaccumulations distribution”,the unconventional gas accumulation system is divided into six“sourceelocation”types.The characteristics of the other five types of unconventional gas accumulation systems except gas hydrate are analyzed.The following results were obtained.(1)Shale gas,coalbed methane and tight carbonate gas belong to an intra-source type unconventional gas accumulation system,characterized by intense gas supply capacity,lack of either a transport system or secondary migration,integration of source,reservoir and caprock,in-situ accumulation,and so on.(2)Tight sandstone gas and water-soluble gas belong to a marginal unconventional gas accumulation system of source rock,characterized by diverse gas origin,near-source accumulation in adjacent layers of source rocks,internal migration within reservoirs,and so on.(3)Basin tectonic evolution,sedimentary environment and late tectonic events control the types of unconventional gas accumulation systems:The Paleozoic marine sediments in South China are conducive to the formation of shale gas and tight carbonate gas accumulation systems;The marineecontinental transitional facies deposits of Upper Paleozoic distributed in the South and North China are conducive to the development of coalbed methane,shale gas and tight sandstone gas accumulation systems;In the Middle and East China,MesozoiceCenozoic deep-water continental deposits are more conducive to the deep tight sandstone gas and shale gas accumulation systems,while shallow water continental basins are more conducive to the formation of coalbed methane,tight sandstone gas and shale gas accumulation systems.Water-soluble gas is widely found in the Cenozoic shallow-buried areas rich in organic matter or high-pressure reservoirs adjacent to gas source rocks.展开更多
The interactions of nanoplastics(NPs)with natural organic matters(NOMs)dominate the environmental fate of both substances and the organic carbon cycle.Their binding and aggregation mechanisms at the molecular level re...The interactions of nanoplastics(NPs)with natural organic matters(NOMs)dominate the environmental fate of both substances and the organic carbon cycle.Their binding and aggregation mechanisms at the molecular level remain elusive due to the high structural complexity of NOMs and aged NPs.Molecular modeling was used to understand the detailed dynamic interaction mechanism between NOMs and NPs.Advanced humic acid models were used,and three types of NPs,i.e.,polyethylene(PE),polyvinyl chloride(PVC),and polystyrene(PS),were investigated.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations revealed the geometrical change of the spontaneous formation of NOMs-NPs supramolecular assemblies.The results showed that pristine NPs initially tend to aggregate homogeneously due to their hydrophobic nature,and then NOM fragments are bound to the formed NP aggregates mainly by vdW interaction.Homo-and hetero-aggregation between NOMs and aged NPs occur simultaneously through various mechanisms,including intermolecular forces and Ca2t bridging effect,eventually resulting in a mixture of supramolecular structures.Density functional theory calculations were employed to characterize the surface properties and reactivity of the NP monomers.The molecular polarity indices for unaged PE,PS,and PVC were 3.1,8.5,and 22.2 kcal/mol,respectively,which increased to 43.2,51.6,and 42.2 kcal/mol for aged NPs,respectively,indicating the increase in polarity after aging.The vdW and electrostatic potentials of NP monomers were visualized.These results clarified the fundamental aggregation processes,and mechanisms between NPs and NOMs,providing a complete molecular picture of the interactions of nanoparticles in the natural aquatic environment.展开更多
基金Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(No.20200403075SF)Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20240148KJ).
文摘As technologies related to power equipment fault diagnosis and infrared temperature measurement continue to advance,the classification and identification of infrared temperature measurement images have become crucial in effective intelligent fault diagnosis of various electrical equipment.In response to the increasing demand for sufficient feature fusion in current real-time detection and low detection accuracy in existing networks for Substation fault diagnosis,we introduce an innovative method known as Gather and Distribution Mechanism-You Only Look Once(GD-YOLO).Firstly,a partial convolution group is designed based on different convolution kernels.We combine the partial convolution group with deep convolution to propose a new Grouped Channel-wise Spatial Convolution(GCSConv)that compensates for the information loss caused by spatial channel convolution.Secondly,the Gather and Distribute Mechanism,which addresses the fusion problem of different dimensional features,has been implemented by aligning and sharing information through aggregation and distribution mechanisms.Thirdly,considering the limitations in current bounding box regression and the imbalance between complex and simple samples,Maximum Possible Distance Intersection over Union(MPDIoU)and Adaptive SlideLoss is incorporated into the loss function,allowing samples near the Intersection over Union(IoU)to receive more attention through the dynamic variation of the mean Intersection over Union.The GD-YOLO algorithm can surpass YOLOv5,YOLOv7,and YOLOv8 in infrared image detection for electrical equipment,achieving a mean Average Precision(mAP)of 88.9%,with accuracy improvements of 3.7%,4.3%,and 3.1%,respectively.Additionally,the model delivers a frame rate of 48 FPS,which aligns with the precision and velocity criteria necessary for the detection of infrared images in power equipment.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2016J01241)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51608212)the Science&Technology Pillar Program of Fujian Provincial Education Department(No.JA14024)
文摘By using redispersible polymer powder（RPP） and carbon fiber（CF） to adjust the flexibility and electrical properties of the smart aggregate, a new kind of smart aggregate with Z type structure was proposed. The study shows that Z type aggregate is more sensitive to the feedback of external force than the prism aggregate in the same loading environment, and it indicates that Z type aggregate is more suitable for the research and application of concrete health monitoring. Although the incorporation of RPP would cause the compressive strength of the aggregates and the elastic modulus of hardened cement mortar to reduce slightly within the dosage of RPP by 2.25% because of the polymer film formed in the internal system, this would improve the deformability of the aggregates. In the early loading stage（in the first 60 seconds）, the intelligent concrete specimens implanted with Z type smart aggregate do not show higher sensitivity as expected, although the resistance change rate changes a little bit more, the overall of it is still in balance. Adding RPP could improve the flexibility of smart aggregates exactly, and it plays an active role in prolonging the life of the smart aggregates. By implanting Z type aggregates the damage and failure of the concrete structure could be predicted accurately in this study. The results of this paper will help to promote further research and application of intelligent concrete.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.41206035,41602231)The National Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.2015A030313157)
文摘1 Introduction Nanoparticles are widely found in the ductile shear zone and it is considered to have a close relation with faulting.The sizes of these nanoparticles are generallyless than 100 nm.They have a variety of morphologies like globular structure rod-like and tubular,by the order aggregating of these nanoparticles various aggregations
基金Funded partly by the Major State Basic Research Development Program("973"Program,Nos.2015CB655101 and 2013CB035901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51379163 and 51579195)
文摘We investigated mechanical properties of concretes made with impurity aggregates of different combinations. Besides the mechanisms were explored by EDS, CT, and hardness testing. The results showed that fully rust-stained and surface rust-stained sandstone aggregate had significant adverse impact on the compressive strength of concrete while sandstone aggregate had a much more obvious impact on the ultimate tension of concrete. Concrete crack was more prone to expand along surfaces and the micro-hardness of interfacial transition zone of different aggregates was ranked in decreasing trend as sandstone, slate, SR sandstone, marble, and FR sandstone. The cluster growth of long needle-like ettringite crystal and strong preferential growth trend of Ca（OH）2 crystals would result in wider interfacial transition zone range of concretes made with fully rust-stained sandstone and marble aggregate, respectively. Therefore, the impurity aggregate content should be strictly controlled during aggregate selection.
基金Project(50425168)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (0100471413)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject (201104547)supported by Pisdoctorcal Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘Coal slimes are mainly composed of coal and clay particles.The interaction energies among these particles were calculated using extended DLVO(DERJAGUIN-LANDAU-VERWEY-OVERBEEK)theory and the aggregation mechanisms were analyzed based on the settling experiments for coal-kaolinite and coal-montmorillonite suspensions,respectively,under different conditions of water hardness.The results indicate that for coal-kaolinite suspensions,as the water hardness reaches 10.0mol/L,the coal particles aggregate with each other easily,and then,the coal particles may aggregate with kaolinite particles.However,no aggregation occurs between kaolinite particles.A clay platelet network is formed in coal-montmorillonite suspensions by montmorillonite particles and coal particles are captured into the network.Coal and montmorillonite particles settle completely.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41272062)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Northeastern University(N150106001)+1 种基金the Open Foundation Of State Key Laboratory Of Ore Deposit Geochemistry(Institute Of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy Of Sciences,Guiyang)(201308)the Open Foundation Of Key Laboratory Of Mineralogy and Metallogeny in Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KLMM20150101)
文摘Colloform pyrite is a special form of nano-micro polycrystalline aggregation growth,for which a suitable term is"aggregates of nano-micro crystals".This kind of colloform texture is observed in various geological bodies,such as ancient sedimentary rocks,modern marine and lake sediments,various types of ore deposits,and modern seafloor hydrothermal vents.This paper summarizes the latest developments and research into the definition,formation mechanisms,and environmental indications of colloform pyrite.There appears to be three main formation mechanisms of colloform pyrite:pseudomorphic replacement;biogenic precipitation;and inorganic precipitation.The morphology,particle size,trace element content and preferential growth orientations of coUoform pyrite microcrystals can be important indicators for sedimentary environments,hydrothermal activity,and ore-forming processes.We suggest that the microscopic features of nano-micro crystals in colloform pyrite and their aggregation growth patterns need further investigation.The relationships between formation mechanisms of colioform pyrite,organic activity and depositional environments require further exploration.To reveal the nature of nano-micro grain aggregation growth in colloform pyrite and analyse its growth environment and evolutionary history,it is supposed to apply nanoscientific and nanotechnological methods,further integrate consideration of macroscopic geological backgrounds and microscopic mineral growth phenomena,combine high-resolution imaging systems and in situ quantitative microanalysis methods and constitute a mergence of earth science,thermodynamics and kinetics,life science,material science,and chemistry in the study.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Formation&Evolution and Enrichment Mechanism of Continental Shale Oil in Typical Basins in Central-West China”(No.42090020).
文摘Unlike conventional natural gas accumulations,unconventional ones have obvious particularity in reservoir forming conditions,enrichment mechanism,distribution modes,prediction method,and exploration technology.Analyzing the reservoir forming process and main controlling factors of unconventional natural gas accumulations under the guide of the hydrocarbon accumulation system theory is of great significance for unconventional natural gas reservoir evaluation and prediction.Based on the reservoir forming mechanism and distribution mode,the unconventional natural gas accumulation systems are divided into six types,including shale gas,coalbed methane,tight carbonate gas,tight sandstone gas,water-soluble gas,and gas hydrate.According to the concept of“elementefunctionestructure”in the hydrocarbon accumulation system theory and the relationship of“gas source rockemigration systemeaccumulations distribution”,the unconventional gas accumulation system is divided into six“sourceelocation”types.The characteristics of the other five types of unconventional gas accumulation systems except gas hydrate are analyzed.The following results were obtained.(1)Shale gas,coalbed methane and tight carbonate gas belong to an intra-source type unconventional gas accumulation system,characterized by intense gas supply capacity,lack of either a transport system or secondary migration,integration of source,reservoir and caprock,in-situ accumulation,and so on.(2)Tight sandstone gas and water-soluble gas belong to a marginal unconventional gas accumulation system of source rock,characterized by diverse gas origin,near-source accumulation in adjacent layers of source rocks,internal migration within reservoirs,and so on.(3)Basin tectonic evolution,sedimentary environment and late tectonic events control the types of unconventional gas accumulation systems:The Paleozoic marine sediments in South China are conducive to the formation of shale gas and tight carbonate gas accumulation systems;The marineecontinental transitional facies deposits of Upper Paleozoic distributed in the South and North China are conducive to the development of coalbed methane,shale gas and tight sandstone gas accumulation systems;In the Middle and East China,MesozoiceCenozoic deep-water continental deposits are more conducive to the deep tight sandstone gas and shale gas accumulation systems,while shallow water continental basins are more conducive to the formation of coalbed methane,tight sandstone gas and shale gas accumulation systems.Water-soluble gas is widely found in the Cenozoic shallow-buried areas rich in organic matter or high-pressure reservoirs adjacent to gas source rocks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42107263).
文摘The interactions of nanoplastics(NPs)with natural organic matters(NOMs)dominate the environmental fate of both substances and the organic carbon cycle.Their binding and aggregation mechanisms at the molecular level remain elusive due to the high structural complexity of NOMs and aged NPs.Molecular modeling was used to understand the detailed dynamic interaction mechanism between NOMs and NPs.Advanced humic acid models were used,and three types of NPs,i.e.,polyethylene(PE),polyvinyl chloride(PVC),and polystyrene(PS),were investigated.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations revealed the geometrical change of the spontaneous formation of NOMs-NPs supramolecular assemblies.The results showed that pristine NPs initially tend to aggregate homogeneously due to their hydrophobic nature,and then NOM fragments are bound to the formed NP aggregates mainly by vdW interaction.Homo-and hetero-aggregation between NOMs and aged NPs occur simultaneously through various mechanisms,including intermolecular forces and Ca2t bridging effect,eventually resulting in a mixture of supramolecular structures.Density functional theory calculations were employed to characterize the surface properties and reactivity of the NP monomers.The molecular polarity indices for unaged PE,PS,and PVC were 3.1,8.5,and 22.2 kcal/mol,respectively,which increased to 43.2,51.6,and 42.2 kcal/mol for aged NPs,respectively,indicating the increase in polarity after aging.The vdW and electrostatic potentials of NP monomers were visualized.These results clarified the fundamental aggregation processes,and mechanisms between NPs and NOMs,providing a complete molecular picture of the interactions of nanoparticles in the natural aquatic environment.
