Background Meat goat production is a worldwide industry with products such as meat,milk,soap,and fiber being produced.There are approximately 2.6 million meat goats in the United States.For breeding female ruminants,e...Background Meat goat production is a worldwide industry with products such as meat,milk,soap,and fiber being produced.There are approximately 2.6 million meat goats in the United States.For breeding female ruminants,early pregnancy loss is estimated to be 30%within the first month of gestation.Extracellular L-citrulline(a precursor to L-arginine)is not degraded by ruminal microbes due to the lack of uptake.L-Arginine and thus L-citrulline,have beneficial impacts on placentation and,subsequently,fetal-placental development and survival.This study aimed to determine the impact of feeding L-citrulline to meat goats during gestation to improve reproductive success.Meat goats were fed either a control(CON)or L-citrulline(CIT)supplemented diet from d 12 to 82 of gestation.Blood samples were collected and sera were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to quantify the abundance of amino acids.Pregnancy rates were determined on d 30,61,and 90 of gestation,and litter weight,individual birth weights,and 90 d adjusted weaning weights were collected.Results The concentrations of citrulline,ornithine,and arginine were greater in CIT does compared to CON does,but there was no difference in pregnancy rates between CON and CIT does.Birth weight was greater for male kids born as singles when compared to females,but this phenotype was not observed for kids born as twins or triplets.Further,males born to CON does had greater 90 d adjusted weaning weights than females,but this was not observed in the CIT group.Female kids born to CON and CIT Boer goats had heavier 90 d adjusted weaning weights than those born to Spanish or F1 Boer-Spanish does.Conclusion This study provides proof of concept that feeding dietary L-citrulline increases concentrations of citrul-line and arginine in blood of gestating meat goats.However,further studies are needed to understand the cellular mechanisms impacted by feeding this supplement.Regardless,this study demonstrated that feeding L-citrulline has the potential to increase reproductive performance in gestating ruminants.展开更多
The objective of this study were to conduct economic evaluations of silvopasture farming system to enable landowners, extension personnel, and other decision makers to correctly assess its potential among the many lan...The objective of this study were to conduct economic evaluations of silvopasture farming system to enable landowners, extension personnel, and other decision makers to correctly assess its potential among the many land-use options; and to determine the most profitable animal stocking rate on small farms in Alabama. The analysis draws on data from a silvopastoral experiment conducted in the Alabama Black Belt region, on the property of the Federation of Southern Cooperatives in Epes, Alabama, between June 2006 and July 2010. Economic and financial ratio analyses were used to compare profitability, management feasibility, and risk considerations of simultaneous production of pine sawlogs and meat goats on small-sized farms in Alabama. The results suggest that silvopasture technology is profitable and financially feasible under specified assumptions. The Net Present Value model suggested that investing in silvopasture system would be considered acceptable at the 6 percent discount rate at a high stocking rate of 8 meat goats per acre. These findings were reaffirmed by the financial feasibility analysis.展开更多
If there’s one meat dish Ugandan people really enjoy,that’s goat meat.Across the country in restaurants,bars and clubs,the aroma of roasted goat meat wafts enticingly,attracting people at all hours of the day and ni...If there’s one meat dish Ugandan people really enjoy,that’s goat meat.Across the country in restaurants,bars and clubs,the aroma of roasted goat meat wafts enticingly,attracting people at all hours of the day and night.展开更多
The effeclt of condensed tannins from Leucaena leucocephala （Lam.） and sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS） addition to basal diets of corn silage on nematode eggs and protozoa interaction in the rumen within Thai native x...The effeclt of condensed tannins from Leucaena leucocephala （Lam.） and sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS） addition to basal diets of corn silage on nematode eggs and protozoa interaction in the rumen within Thai native x Anglo-Nubian male goats was studied. Goats （n = 24 male; BW = 30 ＋ 2） were randomly considered toward treatment position into randomized complete block design （RCBD）. The treatments were： 1） Basal （B; 1.0-1.2 kg/head/day, corn silage）, 2） B ＋ SLS 8 g/head/day） 3） B ＋ 40g Leucaena/head/day （1.0% condensed tannins）, and 4） B ＋ 40g Leucaena/head/day （1.0% condensed tannins） with SLS 4 g/head/day）. These studies indicate that the action of 1.0% condensed tannins by Leucaena with 8 g SLS has the effect of increasing C3 （P 〈 0.05）. The opposite effect was observed for C2 which decreased （P 〈 0.05）. Both intestinal nematode eggs and protozoa in the rumen were reduced highly significantly （P 〈 0.01）. Bacteria population was raised （P 〈 0.01）. Nevertheless, all of these treatments did not affect intake, productive performances and blood urea nitrogen.展开更多
Eight goats of 7-8 months old and an average body weight （BW） of 20 ± 5.0 kg were used in double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were the four levels of leucaena meal replacement for soybean meal...Eight goats of 7-8 months old and an average body weight （BW） of 20 ± 5.0 kg were used in double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were the four levels of leucaena meal replacement for soybean meal in concentrates at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of crude protein. The results showed that roughage intake （% BW and g/kgBW^0.75） increased linearly （P 〈 0.01） with increasing levels of leucaena meal while total feed intake was not significantly different among dietary treatments. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and ruminal ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） were not significantly different among dietary treatments. However, crude protein digestibility, ruminal pH （6 hr after feeding）, nitrogen （N） intake, N absorption, N retention and total volatile fatty acids increased quadratically （P 〈 0.01） with the increasing levels of leucaena meals. It could be concluded that leucaena meal could replace up to 50% of soybean meal in the diet without any negative effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of meat goats.展开更多
This work aimed to determine the effect of native probiotic administration on body weight gain, nutritional characteristics and fatty acid profile of meat of creole goats. Equally distributed forty postweaned goats (7...This work aimed to determine the effect of native probiotic administration on body weight gain, nutritional characteristics and fatty acid profile of meat of creole goats. Equally distributed forty postweaned goats (75 days old) divided into control (n=20) and probiotic (n=20) groups were fed ad libitum for 60 days with native pasture and commercial diet. Lactobacillus reuteri DDL19, Lactobacillus alimentarius DDL48, Enterococcus faecium DDE39, and Bifidobacterium bifidum DDBA mixed culture (108 CFU/ml, 1:1:1:1 ratio) were daily orally delivered to the probiotic group. At the end of the study, muscle samples (Longissimus dorsi, LD, and Bicep femoris, BF) were analyzed for their chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, pH, water-holding capacity, cholesterol) and fatty acid profile. Probiotic supplementation significantly increased body weight gain, reduced the incidence of diarrhea and improved the fatty acid profile of goat meat. Probiotic-fed animals exhibited increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a significant decrease in saturated fatty acid content. Conjugated linoleic acid content was significantly higher in probiotics than in the control group (P < 0.05). Muscles from probiotics-treated goats showed healthier lipid indexes and a significant decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio (~2.50), atherogenic (~0.30) and thrombogenic (~0.75) indexes. In addition, increases in desirable fatty acids (~79.40 g/100 g of FAME) and nutritional value index (~2.86) were observed compared to control groups. The native mix probiotic could be used as growth promoters to reduce the antibiotics, and to improve its derived-foods.展开更多
The properties of goat meat gels without and with 120 mmol/kg CaCl_(2)as influenced by setting time(30-120 min)at 60℃ were studied.A gel set for 60 min with subsequent cooking for 20 min in the presence of CaCl_(2)ha...The properties of goat meat gels without and with 120 mmol/kg CaCl_(2)as influenced by setting time(30-120 min)at 60℃ were studied.A gel set for 60 min with subsequent cooking for 20 min in the presence of CaCl_(2)had the highest breaking force and deformation with coincidentally lowest expressible moisture content(P<0.05).However,no differences in the trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide content were observed for all gels tested(P>0.05).A decrease in the myosin heavy-chain band intensity was noticeable when CaCl_(2)was incorporated,suggesting increased protein cross-linking.As setting time increased,the L*values increased with varying a*values,whereas no differences in b*values of gels were found,regardless of CaCl_(2)addition(P>0.05).The gel containing CaCl_(2)with setting time of 60 min had the highest hardness,cohesiveness,gumminess,and chewiness(P<0.05)and showed the compact network with high interconnection between strands.Goat meat balls prepared under aforementioned conditions had higher texture and overall likeness scores,compared with the control(P<0.05).Therefore,prior setting at 60℃ for 60 min in the presence of CaCl_(2)is recommended for the manufacture of goat meat balls with improved quality.展开更多
文摘Background Meat goat production is a worldwide industry with products such as meat,milk,soap,and fiber being produced.There are approximately 2.6 million meat goats in the United States.For breeding female ruminants,early pregnancy loss is estimated to be 30%within the first month of gestation.Extracellular L-citrulline(a precursor to L-arginine)is not degraded by ruminal microbes due to the lack of uptake.L-Arginine and thus L-citrulline,have beneficial impacts on placentation and,subsequently,fetal-placental development and survival.This study aimed to determine the impact of feeding L-citrulline to meat goats during gestation to improve reproductive success.Meat goats were fed either a control(CON)or L-citrulline(CIT)supplemented diet from d 12 to 82 of gestation.Blood samples were collected and sera were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analyses to quantify the abundance of amino acids.Pregnancy rates were determined on d 30,61,and 90 of gestation,and litter weight,individual birth weights,and 90 d adjusted weaning weights were collected.Results The concentrations of citrulline,ornithine,and arginine were greater in CIT does compared to CON does,but there was no difference in pregnancy rates between CON and CIT does.Birth weight was greater for male kids born as singles when compared to females,but this phenotype was not observed for kids born as twins or triplets.Further,males born to CON does had greater 90 d adjusted weaning weights than females,but this was not observed in the CIT group.Female kids born to CON and CIT Boer goats had heavier 90 d adjusted weaning weights than those born to Spanish or F1 Boer-Spanish does.Conclusion This study provides proof of concept that feeding dietary L-citrulline increases concentrations of citrul-line and arginine in blood of gestating meat goats.However,further studies are needed to understand the cellular mechanisms impacted by feeding this supplement.Regardless,this study demonstrated that feeding L-citrulline has the potential to increase reproductive performance in gestating ruminants.
文摘The objective of this study were to conduct economic evaluations of silvopasture farming system to enable landowners, extension personnel, and other decision makers to correctly assess its potential among the many land-use options; and to determine the most profitable animal stocking rate on small farms in Alabama. The analysis draws on data from a silvopastoral experiment conducted in the Alabama Black Belt region, on the property of the Federation of Southern Cooperatives in Epes, Alabama, between June 2006 and July 2010. Economic and financial ratio analyses were used to compare profitability, management feasibility, and risk considerations of simultaneous production of pine sawlogs and meat goats on small-sized farms in Alabama. The results suggest that silvopasture technology is profitable and financially feasible under specified assumptions. The Net Present Value model suggested that investing in silvopasture system would be considered acceptable at the 6 percent discount rate at a high stocking rate of 8 meat goats per acre. These findings were reaffirmed by the financial feasibility analysis.
文摘If there’s one meat dish Ugandan people really enjoy,that’s goat meat.Across the country in restaurants,bars and clubs,the aroma of roasted goat meat wafts enticingly,attracting people at all hours of the day and night.
文摘The effeclt of condensed tannins from Leucaena leucocephala （Lam.） and sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS） addition to basal diets of corn silage on nematode eggs and protozoa interaction in the rumen within Thai native x Anglo-Nubian male goats was studied. Goats （n = 24 male; BW = 30 ＋ 2） were randomly considered toward treatment position into randomized complete block design （RCBD）. The treatments were： 1） Basal （B; 1.0-1.2 kg/head/day, corn silage）, 2） B ＋ SLS 8 g/head/day） 3） B ＋ 40g Leucaena/head/day （1.0% condensed tannins）, and 4） B ＋ 40g Leucaena/head/day （1.0% condensed tannins） with SLS 4 g/head/day）. These studies indicate that the action of 1.0% condensed tannins by Leucaena with 8 g SLS has the effect of increasing C3 （P 〈 0.05）. The opposite effect was observed for C2 which decreased （P 〈 0.05）. Both intestinal nematode eggs and protozoa in the rumen were reduced highly significantly （P 〈 0.01）. Bacteria population was raised （P 〈 0.01）. Nevertheless, all of these treatments did not affect intake, productive performances and blood urea nitrogen.
文摘Eight goats of 7-8 months old and an average body weight （BW） of 20 ± 5.0 kg were used in double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were the four levels of leucaena meal replacement for soybean meal in concentrates at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of crude protein. The results showed that roughage intake （% BW and g/kgBW^0.75） increased linearly （P 〈 0.01） with increasing levels of leucaena meal while total feed intake was not significantly different among dietary treatments. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and ruminal ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） were not significantly different among dietary treatments. However, crude protein digestibility, ruminal pH （6 hr after feeding）, nitrogen （N） intake, N absorption, N retention and total volatile fatty acids increased quadratically （P 〈 0.01） with the increasing levels of leucaena meals. It could be concluded that leucaena meal could replace up to 50% of soybean meal in the diet without any negative effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of meat goats.
基金supported by grants from the Agencia Nacional de Promocion Científica y Tecnologica(Prestamo BID PICT 2019-1697)Secretaría de Ciencia,Arte e Innovacion Tecnologica de la Universidad Nacional de Tucuman(PIUNT 26/G634 andPIUNT-546)and CICyT-UNSE 23A186.
文摘This work aimed to determine the effect of native probiotic administration on body weight gain, nutritional characteristics and fatty acid profile of meat of creole goats. Equally distributed forty postweaned goats (75 days old) divided into control (n=20) and probiotic (n=20) groups were fed ad libitum for 60 days with native pasture and commercial diet. Lactobacillus reuteri DDL19, Lactobacillus alimentarius DDL48, Enterococcus faecium DDE39, and Bifidobacterium bifidum DDBA mixed culture (108 CFU/ml, 1:1:1:1 ratio) were daily orally delivered to the probiotic group. At the end of the study, muscle samples (Longissimus dorsi, LD, and Bicep femoris, BF) were analyzed for their chemical composition (protein, fat, moisture, pH, water-holding capacity, cholesterol) and fatty acid profile. Probiotic supplementation significantly increased body weight gain, reduced the incidence of diarrhea and improved the fatty acid profile of goat meat. Probiotic-fed animals exhibited increased monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a significant decrease in saturated fatty acid content. Conjugated linoleic acid content was significantly higher in probiotics than in the control group (P < 0.05). Muscles from probiotics-treated goats showed healthier lipid indexes and a significant decrease in the n-6/n-3 ratio (~2.50), atherogenic (~0.30) and thrombogenic (~0.75) indexes. In addition, increases in desirable fatty acids (~79.40 g/100 g of FAME) and nutritional value index (~2.86) were observed compared to control groups. The native mix probiotic could be used as growth promoters to reduce the antibiotics, and to improve its derived-foods.
文摘The properties of goat meat gels without and with 120 mmol/kg CaCl_(2)as influenced by setting time(30-120 min)at 60℃ were studied.A gel set for 60 min with subsequent cooking for 20 min in the presence of CaCl_(2)had the highest breaking force and deformation with coincidentally lowest expressible moisture content(P<0.05).However,no differences in the trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide content were observed for all gels tested(P>0.05).A decrease in the myosin heavy-chain band intensity was noticeable when CaCl_(2)was incorporated,suggesting increased protein cross-linking.As setting time increased,the L*values increased with varying a*values,whereas no differences in b*values of gels were found,regardless of CaCl_(2)addition(P>0.05).The gel containing CaCl_(2)with setting time of 60 min had the highest hardness,cohesiveness,gumminess,and chewiness(P<0.05)and showed the compact network with high interconnection between strands.Goat meat balls prepared under aforementioned conditions had higher texture and overall likeness scores,compared with the control(P<0.05).Therefore,prior setting at 60℃ for 60 min in the presence of CaCl_(2)is recommended for the manufacture of goat meat balls with improved quality.
