Abs As a crucial vehicle for young children’s artistic enlightenment,music appreciation holds an irreplaceable value in cognitive development,emotional edification,and the cultivation of aesthetic abilities.Currently...Abs As a crucial vehicle for young children’s artistic enlightenment,music appreciation holds an irreplaceable value in cognitive development,emotional edification,and the cultivation of aesthetic abilities.Currently,in music appreciation activities for senior kindergarten classes,there is a widespread phenomenon of homogenized teaching content and mechanized teaching methods,which results in insufficient enthusiasm for participation among young children and a superficial understanding of music.The situational teaching method,by constructing concrete and immersive learning scenarios,can effectively activate young children’s multi-dimensional sensory experiences.Its characteristics of intuitiveness and interactivity are highly consistent with the traits of young children’s concrete thinking,thus providing a new approach to resolving the current predicament.The research focuses on the practical pain points in music appreciation activities for senior kindergarten classes and proposes targeted solutions from four dimensions:content design,method innovation,resource integration,and teacher training,aiming to reconstruct a child-centered,in-depth music learning model.Practice has shown that the situational teaching method can not only enhance young children’s perceptual sensitivity to musical elements but also guide them to achieve emotional resonance through role-playing and life-related associations,laying a foundation for the sustainable development of young children’s musical literacy.展开更多
The problems including excessive flow of attemperating water for boiler, failure of butterfly valve at the outlet of circulating water pump, burnt-out of thyristor for excitation regulator, load variation rate of CCS ...The problems including excessive flow of attemperating water for boiler, failure of butterfly valve at the outlet of circulating water pump, burnt-out of thyristor for excitation regulator, load variation rate of CCS not complying with the contract target, etc. occurred during start-up and debugging of two 600 MW generating units in Yangzhou No.2 Thermal Power Plant. Through analysis on these problems. the remedial measures were put forward, to which can be referred for similar units.展开更多
Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the m...Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the measurement problems of labor＇s share of income from the perspectives of definition and data and their influences on the accuracy of the measurement results. Then it sums up and appraises several adjustment methods for existing measurement problems. Finally, the author estimates the operating surplus of private, unincorporated enterprises （OSPUE） in China using data from Urban household survey （UHS）, Rural household survey （RHS） and population survey, and further makes a correction to labor＇s share of income in China from 1993 to 2008 with data from flow of funds accounts. Finally, the author conducted trend analysis and international comparisons using the results obtained from the first part of the paper.展开更多
At present, the construction industry is in a stable development stage in China, and the construction market is also facing serious market competition. At the same time, with the gradual enrichment of people's mat...At present, the construction industry is in a stable development stage in China, and the construction market is also facing serious market competition. At the same time, with the gradual enrichment of people's material conditions, the requirements for building quality are getting higher and higher. In this situation, if the construction industry wants to achieve the goal of sustainable development, it should pay attention to the management of on-site construction during the implementation of construction projects, so as to promote the overall effect of construction personnel, professional skills and construction progress, and avoid potential safety hazards in the construction process. Moreover, good construction site management can also reduce the cost of construction units and promote the overall competitiveness of construction units. However, due to the relatively large amount of construction works, in order to ensure safe and efficient management, we should pay attention to the normative and standardized management mode in the whole stage, so as to ensure the overall development of the whole project progress. Moreover, in the process of construction safety management, site management plays a vital role under the implementation of the project, and there are relatively many aspects to be paid attention to. In the whole stage, the site should be further managed, and large-scale machinery should be inspected and repaired, so as to achieve the ideal management effect.展开更多
In the construction industry, cost management plays an important role in the construction engineering management system. Improving cost management level can promote the economic benefits of construction engineering an...In the construction industry, cost management plays an important role in the construction engineering management system. Improving cost management level can promote the economic benefits of construction engineering and the healthy and sustainable development of construction economy. Therefore, most construction enterprises attach great importance to construction economic cost management, which becomes an important measure to improve construction quality, economic benefits and management level of construction enterprises. Therefore, based on the above understanding of the importance and problems of construction economic cost management, the specific management measures and methods are analyzed from aspects of strengthening budget management and control, establishing refined management concept, strengthening construction material quality control and management, and strengthening management personnel training, etc., hoping to play a positive role in the actual construction economic cost management.展开更多
The ultimate goal of an enterprise is to make a profit. If an enterprise wants to make more profit, it needs to control the cost and reduce the cost of the enterprise as much as possible. For construction enterprises,...The ultimate goal of an enterprise is to make a profit. If an enterprise wants to make more profit, it needs to control the cost and reduce the cost of the enterprise as much as possible. For construction enterprises, the most important content of cost control is to control the construction cost, make efficient use of various funds raised by enterprises in the construction process, and accomplish more things with less expenses as much as possible. In addition, the implementation of economic cost management in construction enterprises helps to balance the relationship between various departments, ensure the implementation of various construction progress as expected, and promote the healthy and orderly development of enterprises.展开更多
China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will not only benefit the country’s economic development, but also have far-reaching influences on Chinese society, pointed out a report released by the Develo...China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will not only benefit the country’s economic development, but also have far-reaching influences on Chinese society, pointed out a report released by the Development Research Centre under the State Council at a recent forum. WTO membership will accelerate the modernization of Chinese society and have a positive effect on people’s lives. However, it may also exacerbate some existing problems such as unemployment and the widening gap between social classes, said the report. The government is urged to draft specific laws and policies to deal with coming challenges, ease potential social conflicts展开更多
Quantum mechanics has some weird aspects, which we simply have to accept, according to Tegmark. However, approaching this issue from a bio-psychological perspective allows for an alternative interpretation that avoids...Quantum mechanics has some weird aspects, which we simply have to accept, according to Tegmark. However, approaching this issue from a bio-psychological perspective allows for an alternative interpretation that avoids this supposedly inherent weirdness. Physical laws are established based on repeated observations or measurements, which involve sense organs. Our capacity for memorization and abstract reflection allows us to draw conclusions on physical reality, which can thus be represented with mathematical formalism. Therefore, physical laws are dependent on pure bio-psychological functions. If quantum mechanics is seen in the bio-psychological context, normal mental functions might explain phenomena such as the collapse of the wave function. If events of interest occurred regularly, similar to classical physics, the same pattern of regular events would be anticipated in the future. Conversely, if events that occurred in the past were irregular, like in quantum mechanics, they would also evolve in an irregular manner in the future. Prediction of irregular behavior requires the ability to imagine multiple possibilities in a kind of mental superposition. Only when one of the imagined possibilities is realized, the mental superposition of the future will collapse to one observable behavior occurring in the present. However, in mental representation, similar to classical physical formalism, some aspects of reality can be lost. When time and space coordinates are replaced by calculated time intervals and spatial distances, time periods and spatial lengths become independent of their initial reference frames. Consequently, the concepts of past, present, and future become irrelevant for time intervals. In quantum mechanics, as well as in mental imagination of potentiality, the notions of the unity of one space for one time and the time arrow are also eliminated. This analogy suggests that physical formalism does not correspond to independent physical reality, but rather to mental functions, which allow establishing a mathematical model of extra-mental reality. If quantum mechanics is conceived as mental potentiality for modeling physical reality, the weird aspect of the collapse of superposition disappears and becomes a simple transition from imagined potentiality in mental representation to observed reality, which could explain the measurement problem.展开更多
Both consciousness and quantum phenomenon are subjective and indeterministic. In this paper, we propose consciousness is a quantum phenomenon. A quantum theory of consciousness (QTOC) is presented based on a new inter...Both consciousness and quantum phenomenon are subjective and indeterministic. In this paper, we propose consciousness is a quantum phenomenon. A quantum theory of consciousness (QTOC) is presented based on a new interpretation of quantum physics. We show that this QTOC can address the mind and body problem, the hard problem of consciousness. It also provides a physics foundation and mathematical formulation to study consciousness and neural network. We demonstrate how to apply it to develop and extend various models of consciousness. We show the predictions from this theory about the existence of a universal quantum vibrational field and the large-scale, nearly instantaneous synchrony of brainwaves among different parts of brain, body, people, and objects. The correlation between Schumann Resonances and some brainwaves is explained. Recent progress in quantum information theory, especially regarding quantum entanglement and quantum error correction code, is applied to study memory and shed new light in neuroscience.展开更多
In this study, we show that it is possible to explain the quantum measurement process within the framework of quantum mechanics without any additional postulates. We do not delve into a deep discussion regarding what ...In this study, we show that it is possible to explain the quantum measurement process within the framework of quantum mechanics without any additional postulates. We do not delve into a deep discussion regarding what the measurement problem actually is, and only examine the problems that seem to exist between classical and quantum physics. Relations between quantum and classical equations of motion are briefly reviewed to show that the transition from a superposition of quantum states to an eigenstate, namely, decoherence, is necessary to ensure that the expectation values in quantum mechanics obey the classical equations of motion. Several Bell-type inequalities and the Kochen-Specker theorem are also reviewed to clarify the concepts of <em>nonseparability</em> and <em>counterfactual definiteness </em>in quantum mechanics. The main objective of this study is to show that decoherence is an inherent characteristic of quantum states caused by the quantum uncertainty relation. We conclude that the quantum measurement process can indeed be explained within the framework of pure quantum mechanics. We also show that our conclusion is consistent with the counterfactual indefiniteness of quantum mechanics.展开更多
In this article, the present author, a research psychologist and measurement expert, evaluates the major clinical trials used to support the use of aripiprazole and the chemically almost identical cariprazine for trea...In this article, the present author, a research psychologist and measurement expert, evaluates the major clinical trials used to support the use of aripiprazole and the chemically almost identical cariprazine for treating bipolar disorder. The main problem with the trials is that they were conducted mainly with outpatients, who on average were only moderately manic in the mania studies and only moderately depressed in the depression studies. The effectiveness of aripiprazole and cariprazine in treating moderate mania, most likely hypomania, and moderate depression, was far from encouraging. Aripiprazole produced just 7% greater reduction of mania symptoms than did placebo treatment, and just 1% greater reduction of depression symptoms than did placebo treatment when administered, as is common practice, with an SSRI or SNRI antidepressant. Cariprazine proved to be not much better because at the high dosage level of 3.0 mg/day to 12.0 mg/day, cariprazine produced only 9% greater reduction of mania symptoms than did placebo treatment, and at the typical low dosage of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/day produced just 4% greater reduction of depression symptoms than did placebo treatment. Moreover, as the pharmaceutical industry has long suspected, there is a massive placebo effect associated with these two drugs, especially for depression. These findings imply that government regulatory authorities’ approval of aripiprazole and cariprazine as mood stabilizers for treating bipolar disorder is dubious. Nevertheless, the possibility remains that the purported mood-stabilizing mechanism of these two medicines is activated only with patients presently experiencing severe mania or severe depression, a possibility that requires an in-hospital clinical trial or, at the very least, a longitudinal analysis of bipolar patients’ treatment records. Furthermore, an appendix to the present article demonstrates that the measures used in the trials, the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, are deficient and that a briefer combination measure focusing only on the core symptoms of bipolar disorder should be used.展开更多
2022 is the centennial of an event which many consider to be a basis from which quantum mechanics can be derived—the Stern-Gerlach experiment of 1922—despite that the meaning of quantum theory is today an open quest...2022 is the centennial of an event which many consider to be a basis from which quantum mechanics can be derived—the Stern-Gerlach experiment of 1922—despite that the meaning of quantum theory is today an open question. Key is “the measurement problem”, the need to measure quantum phenomena with classical equipment while the boundary separating quantum from classical is unknown. The mechanism of the SG-experiment is analyzed, and the Qubit nature normally projected onto the data is traced to quantization of the detector, labelled a Qudet. This novel interpretation should have downstream consequences, such as the SG-based interpretation of Bell’s Theorem.展开更多
With the current development and progress of the socialist marketing economy, the number of the private enterprises in our country increases constantly, and the development scale has been expanded constantly, which ha...With the current development and progress of the socialist marketing economy, the number of the private enterprises in our country increases constantly, and the development scale has been expanded constantly, which has become an important component for China＇s national economy, and making a huge contribution to promote the increase of China＇s national economy. In order to occupy a development location among the fierce market competition and expand the market share, the private enterprises in our country make many efforts constantly, such as strengthening and promotion of the internal management concept and the management mode, etc., which really obtains an obvious achievement and progress, however, due to the restriction of the various reasons, there are still many realistic problems existing in the financial cost management for the private enterprises, which restricts the sustainable, modern and scientific development step greatly, for the method on improving the financial cost management level in China＇s private enterprises and the guarantee of the pertinence and the efficiency for the financial cost management measures to be implemented in the private enterprises, it becomes the key problems which needs to be solved by the private enterprises currently.展开更多
Assuming the Dirac wavefunction describes the state of a single particle. We propose that the relation derived by Schrödinger, which contains the Zitterbewegung term, is a position equation for an amplitude m...Assuming the Dirac wavefunction describes the state of a single particle. We propose that the relation derived by Schrödinger, which contains the Zitterbewegung term, is a position equation for an amplitude modulated wave. Namely, the elementary constituents are amplitude modulated waves. Indeed, we surmise that a second wave is associated with the particle, which corresponds to a signal. At the same time, we interpret that Broglie’s wave corresponds to a carrier. Furthermore, the quantum object is a recording medium and, like in a hologram, information encoded on its surface. We suggest a description and the cause of the Zitterbewegung heretofore never considered regarding the previous assertions. Hereunder, we shall also apply the quantum amplitude modulation interpretation to the single-photon wave function by Bialynicki-Birula. The predictions are testable, thence providing evidence for the proposed hypothesis.展开更多
Quantum theory according to the Copenhagen interpretation holds that, when a quantum interaction is observed (i.e., “measured”), the observer’s measuring devices temporarily become a part of the quantum system. Rel...Quantum theory according to the Copenhagen interpretation holds that, when a quantum interaction is observed (i.e., “measured”), the observer’s measuring devices temporarily become a part of the quantum system. Relativity theory holds that the event clock of the absorbed or emitted photon or graviton is frozen in time relative to all clocks outside the observed system. If we harmonize both theories, this would appear to imply that time continuity must be interrupted at each instant of observed photon or graviton interaction with matter. It is as if a segment of space-time is clipped out during each such observed interaction. If so, we must dispense with the notion of an absolutely smooth and continuous space-time and replace it with an observation-dependent, discontinuous, relativistic/quantum space-time. Mathematical physicists should be able to model this hypothesis (call it a “time-jump hypothesis”) and its inherent discontinuous space-time in their further efforts at unification.展开更多
The Extended Wigner’s Friend thought experiment, comprising a quantum system containing an agent who draws conclusions upon observing the outcome of a measurement of a quantum state prepared in two nonorthogonal vers...The Extended Wigner’s Friend thought experiment, comprising a quantum system containing an agent who draws conclusions upon observing the outcome of a measurement of a quantum state prepared in two nonorthogonal versions by another agent, led its authors to conclude that quantum theory cannot consistently describe the use of itself. It has also been proposed that this thought experiment is equivalent to entangled state (Bell-type) experiments. It is argued in this paper that the assumption of the freedom of choice of the first Wigner’s friend regarding how to prepare a quantum state in one of the two available nonorthogonal versions invalidates such equivalence.展开更多
In recent years, due to the increase of urban population and the imbalance of natural environment rainfall, China has appeared in the urban flood, drought and water shortage and other problems. The construction techno...In recent years, due to the increase of urban population and the imbalance of natural environment rainfall, China has appeared in the urban flood, drought and water shortage and other problems. The construction technology and management of water conservancy and hydropower engineering is an effective platform for the mutual conversion of facilities and equipment that convert water energy into electric energy. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics of water resources conservation and hydropower construction, puts forward the problems existing in the process of water resources conservation and hydropower construction and puts forward the improvement measures.展开更多
The central purpose of this paper is to illustrate that combining the recently developed theory of random conjugate spaces and the deep theory of Banach spaces can, indeed, solve some difficult measurability problems ...The central purpose of this paper is to illustrate that combining the recently developed theory of random conjugate spaces and the deep theory of Banach spaces can, indeed, solve some difficult measurability problems which occur in the recent study of the Lebesgue (or more general, Orlicz)-Bochner function spaces as well as in a slightly different way in the study of the random functional analysis but for which the measurable selection theorems currently available are not applicable. It is important that this paper provides a new method of studying a large class of the measurability problems, namely first converting the measurability problems to the abstract existence problems in the random metric theory and then combining the random metric theory and the relative theory of classical spaces so that the measurability problems can be eventually solved. The new method is based on the deep development of the random metric theory as well as on the subtle combination of the random metric theory with classical space theory.展开更多
The standard interpretation of a null state,or empty state,posits it as devoid of structure.This paper introduces a geometric model(named the 1-D geometric model)proposing that the null or empty state contains hidden ...The standard interpretation of a null state,or empty state,posits it as devoid of structure.This paper introduces a geometric model(named the 1-D geometric model)proposing that the null or empty state contains hidden structure in the emergent development of dimensional complexity.The model’s argument analyzes two formats of the right triangle within the unit circle.The first format adheres to standard geometric principles.In contrast,the second adopts a novel framework of dimensional structure by assigning a counterrational and formally nonsensical unitary value of“1”to its vectors.Although the two geometries have a null relationship due to their fundamental geometric inconsistency,the cosine squared calculations for both triangles agree.The relationship framework is leveraged to propose a generic definition of infinity,in which the inherent paradoxes found in its study are justified as a native and essential feature of the Universe’s structure.This reinterpretation is applied to study the paradoxical relationship found between correlated quantum and classical states.展开更多
文摘Abs As a crucial vehicle for young children’s artistic enlightenment,music appreciation holds an irreplaceable value in cognitive development,emotional edification,and the cultivation of aesthetic abilities.Currently,in music appreciation activities for senior kindergarten classes,there is a widespread phenomenon of homogenized teaching content and mechanized teaching methods,which results in insufficient enthusiasm for participation among young children and a superficial understanding of music.The situational teaching method,by constructing concrete and immersive learning scenarios,can effectively activate young children’s multi-dimensional sensory experiences.Its characteristics of intuitiveness and interactivity are highly consistent with the traits of young children’s concrete thinking,thus providing a new approach to resolving the current predicament.The research focuses on the practical pain points in music appreciation activities for senior kindergarten classes and proposes targeted solutions from four dimensions:content design,method innovation,resource integration,and teacher training,aiming to reconstruct a child-centered,in-depth music learning model.Practice has shown that the situational teaching method can not only enhance young children’s perceptual sensitivity to musical elements but also guide them to achieve emotional resonance through role-playing and life-related associations,laying a foundation for the sustainable development of young children’s musical literacy.
文摘The problems including excessive flow of attemperating water for boiler, failure of butterfly valve at the outlet of circulating water pump, burnt-out of thyristor for excitation regulator, load variation rate of CCS not complying with the contract target, etc. occurred during start-up and debugging of two 600 MW generating units in Yangzhou No.2 Thermal Power Plant. Through analysis on these problems. the remedial measures were put forward, to which can be referred for similar units.
文摘Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the measurement problems of labor＇s share of income from the perspectives of definition and data and their influences on the accuracy of the measurement results. Then it sums up and appraises several adjustment methods for existing measurement problems. Finally, the author estimates the operating surplus of private, unincorporated enterprises （OSPUE） in China using data from Urban household survey （UHS）, Rural household survey （RHS） and population survey, and further makes a correction to labor＇s share of income in China from 1993 to 2008 with data from flow of funds accounts. Finally, the author conducted trend analysis and international comparisons using the results obtained from the first part of the paper.
文摘At present, the construction industry is in a stable development stage in China, and the construction market is also facing serious market competition. At the same time, with the gradual enrichment of people's material conditions, the requirements for building quality are getting higher and higher. In this situation, if the construction industry wants to achieve the goal of sustainable development, it should pay attention to the management of on-site construction during the implementation of construction projects, so as to promote the overall effect of construction personnel, professional skills and construction progress, and avoid potential safety hazards in the construction process. Moreover, good construction site management can also reduce the cost of construction units and promote the overall competitiveness of construction units. However, due to the relatively large amount of construction works, in order to ensure safe and efficient management, we should pay attention to the normative and standardized management mode in the whole stage, so as to ensure the overall development of the whole project progress. Moreover, in the process of construction safety management, site management plays a vital role under the implementation of the project, and there are relatively many aspects to be paid attention to. In the whole stage, the site should be further managed, and large-scale machinery should be inspected and repaired, so as to achieve the ideal management effect.
文摘In the construction industry, cost management plays an important role in the construction engineering management system. Improving cost management level can promote the economic benefits of construction engineering and the healthy and sustainable development of construction economy. Therefore, most construction enterprises attach great importance to construction economic cost management, which becomes an important measure to improve construction quality, economic benefits and management level of construction enterprises. Therefore, based on the above understanding of the importance and problems of construction economic cost management, the specific management measures and methods are analyzed from aspects of strengthening budget management and control, establishing refined management concept, strengthening construction material quality control and management, and strengthening management personnel training, etc., hoping to play a positive role in the actual construction economic cost management.
文摘The ultimate goal of an enterprise is to make a profit. If an enterprise wants to make more profit, it needs to control the cost and reduce the cost of the enterprise as much as possible. For construction enterprises, the most important content of cost control is to control the construction cost, make efficient use of various funds raised by enterprises in the construction process, and accomplish more things with less expenses as much as possible. In addition, the implementation of economic cost management in construction enterprises helps to balance the relationship between various departments, ensure the implementation of various construction progress as expected, and promote the healthy and orderly development of enterprises.
文摘China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) will not only benefit the country’s economic development, but also have far-reaching influences on Chinese society, pointed out a report released by the Development Research Centre under the State Council at a recent forum. WTO membership will accelerate the modernization of Chinese society and have a positive effect on people’s lives. However, it may also exacerbate some existing problems such as unemployment and the widening gap between social classes, said the report. The government is urged to draft specific laws and policies to deal with coming challenges, ease potential social conflicts
文摘Quantum mechanics has some weird aspects, which we simply have to accept, according to Tegmark. However, approaching this issue from a bio-psychological perspective allows for an alternative interpretation that avoids this supposedly inherent weirdness. Physical laws are established based on repeated observations or measurements, which involve sense organs. Our capacity for memorization and abstract reflection allows us to draw conclusions on physical reality, which can thus be represented with mathematical formalism. Therefore, physical laws are dependent on pure bio-psychological functions. If quantum mechanics is seen in the bio-psychological context, normal mental functions might explain phenomena such as the collapse of the wave function. If events of interest occurred regularly, similar to classical physics, the same pattern of regular events would be anticipated in the future. Conversely, if events that occurred in the past were irregular, like in quantum mechanics, they would also evolve in an irregular manner in the future. Prediction of irregular behavior requires the ability to imagine multiple possibilities in a kind of mental superposition. Only when one of the imagined possibilities is realized, the mental superposition of the future will collapse to one observable behavior occurring in the present. However, in mental representation, similar to classical physical formalism, some aspects of reality can be lost. When time and space coordinates are replaced by calculated time intervals and spatial distances, time periods and spatial lengths become independent of their initial reference frames. Consequently, the concepts of past, present, and future become irrelevant for time intervals. In quantum mechanics, as well as in mental imagination of potentiality, the notions of the unity of one space for one time and the time arrow are also eliminated. This analogy suggests that physical formalism does not correspond to independent physical reality, but rather to mental functions, which allow establishing a mathematical model of extra-mental reality. If quantum mechanics is conceived as mental potentiality for modeling physical reality, the weird aspect of the collapse of superposition disappears and becomes a simple transition from imagined potentiality in mental representation to observed reality, which could explain the measurement problem.
文摘Both consciousness and quantum phenomenon are subjective and indeterministic. In this paper, we propose consciousness is a quantum phenomenon. A quantum theory of consciousness (QTOC) is presented based on a new interpretation of quantum physics. We show that this QTOC can address the mind and body problem, the hard problem of consciousness. It also provides a physics foundation and mathematical formulation to study consciousness and neural network. We demonstrate how to apply it to develop and extend various models of consciousness. We show the predictions from this theory about the existence of a universal quantum vibrational field and the large-scale, nearly instantaneous synchrony of brainwaves among different parts of brain, body, people, and objects. The correlation between Schumann Resonances and some brainwaves is explained. Recent progress in quantum information theory, especially regarding quantum entanglement and quantum error correction code, is applied to study memory and shed new light in neuroscience.
文摘In this study, we show that it is possible to explain the quantum measurement process within the framework of quantum mechanics without any additional postulates. We do not delve into a deep discussion regarding what the measurement problem actually is, and only examine the problems that seem to exist between classical and quantum physics. Relations between quantum and classical equations of motion are briefly reviewed to show that the transition from a superposition of quantum states to an eigenstate, namely, decoherence, is necessary to ensure that the expectation values in quantum mechanics obey the classical equations of motion. Several Bell-type inequalities and the Kochen-Specker theorem are also reviewed to clarify the concepts of <em>nonseparability</em> and <em>counterfactual definiteness </em>in quantum mechanics. The main objective of this study is to show that decoherence is an inherent characteristic of quantum states caused by the quantum uncertainty relation. We conclude that the quantum measurement process can indeed be explained within the framework of pure quantum mechanics. We also show that our conclusion is consistent with the counterfactual indefiniteness of quantum mechanics.
文摘In this article, the present author, a research psychologist and measurement expert, evaluates the major clinical trials used to support the use of aripiprazole and the chemically almost identical cariprazine for treating bipolar disorder. The main problem with the trials is that they were conducted mainly with outpatients, who on average were only moderately manic in the mania studies and only moderately depressed in the depression studies. The effectiveness of aripiprazole and cariprazine in treating moderate mania, most likely hypomania, and moderate depression, was far from encouraging. Aripiprazole produced just 7% greater reduction of mania symptoms than did placebo treatment, and just 1% greater reduction of depression symptoms than did placebo treatment when administered, as is common practice, with an SSRI or SNRI antidepressant. Cariprazine proved to be not much better because at the high dosage level of 3.0 mg/day to 12.0 mg/day, cariprazine produced only 9% greater reduction of mania symptoms than did placebo treatment, and at the typical low dosage of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/day produced just 4% greater reduction of depression symptoms than did placebo treatment. Moreover, as the pharmaceutical industry has long suspected, there is a massive placebo effect associated with these two drugs, especially for depression. These findings imply that government regulatory authorities’ approval of aripiprazole and cariprazine as mood stabilizers for treating bipolar disorder is dubious. Nevertheless, the possibility remains that the purported mood-stabilizing mechanism of these two medicines is activated only with patients presently experiencing severe mania or severe depression, a possibility that requires an in-hospital clinical trial or, at the very least, a longitudinal analysis of bipolar patients’ treatment records. Furthermore, an appendix to the present article demonstrates that the measures used in the trials, the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, are deficient and that a briefer combination measure focusing only on the core symptoms of bipolar disorder should be used.
文摘2022 is the centennial of an event which many consider to be a basis from which quantum mechanics can be derived—the Stern-Gerlach experiment of 1922—despite that the meaning of quantum theory is today an open question. Key is “the measurement problem”, the need to measure quantum phenomena with classical equipment while the boundary separating quantum from classical is unknown. The mechanism of the SG-experiment is analyzed, and the Qubit nature normally projected onto the data is traced to quantization of the detector, labelled a Qudet. This novel interpretation should have downstream consequences, such as the SG-based interpretation of Bell’s Theorem.
文摘With the current development and progress of the socialist marketing economy, the number of the private enterprises in our country increases constantly, and the development scale has been expanded constantly, which has become an important component for China＇s national economy, and making a huge contribution to promote the increase of China＇s national economy. In order to occupy a development location among the fierce market competition and expand the market share, the private enterprises in our country make many efforts constantly, such as strengthening and promotion of the internal management concept and the management mode, etc., which really obtains an obvious achievement and progress, however, due to the restriction of the various reasons, there are still many realistic problems existing in the financial cost management for the private enterprises, which restricts the sustainable, modern and scientific development step greatly, for the method on improving the financial cost management level in China＇s private enterprises and the guarantee of the pertinence and the efficiency for the financial cost management measures to be implemented in the private enterprises, it becomes the key problems which needs to be solved by the private enterprises currently.
文摘Assuming the Dirac wavefunction describes the state of a single particle. We propose that the relation derived by Schrödinger, which contains the Zitterbewegung term, is a position equation for an amplitude modulated wave. Namely, the elementary constituents are amplitude modulated waves. Indeed, we surmise that a second wave is associated with the particle, which corresponds to a signal. At the same time, we interpret that Broglie’s wave corresponds to a carrier. Furthermore, the quantum object is a recording medium and, like in a hologram, information encoded on its surface. We suggest a description and the cause of the Zitterbewegung heretofore never considered regarding the previous assertions. Hereunder, we shall also apply the quantum amplitude modulation interpretation to the single-photon wave function by Bialynicki-Birula. The predictions are testable, thence providing evidence for the proposed hypothesis.
文摘Quantum theory according to the Copenhagen interpretation holds that, when a quantum interaction is observed (i.e., “measured”), the observer’s measuring devices temporarily become a part of the quantum system. Relativity theory holds that the event clock of the absorbed or emitted photon or graviton is frozen in time relative to all clocks outside the observed system. If we harmonize both theories, this would appear to imply that time continuity must be interrupted at each instant of observed photon or graviton interaction with matter. It is as if a segment of space-time is clipped out during each such observed interaction. If so, we must dispense with the notion of an absolutely smooth and continuous space-time and replace it with an observation-dependent, discontinuous, relativistic/quantum space-time. Mathematical physicists should be able to model this hypothesis (call it a “time-jump hypothesis”) and its inherent discontinuous space-time in their further efforts at unification.
文摘The Extended Wigner’s Friend thought experiment, comprising a quantum system containing an agent who draws conclusions upon observing the outcome of a measurement of a quantum state prepared in two nonorthogonal versions by another agent, led its authors to conclude that quantum theory cannot consistently describe the use of itself. It has also been proposed that this thought experiment is equivalent to entangled state (Bell-type) experiments. It is argued in this paper that the assumption of the freedom of choice of the first Wigner’s friend regarding how to prepare a quantum state in one of the two available nonorthogonal versions invalidates such equivalence.
文摘In recent years, due to the increase of urban population and the imbalance of natural environment rainfall, China has appeared in the urban flood, drought and water shortage and other problems. The construction technology and management of water conservancy and hydropower engineering is an effective platform for the mutual conversion of facilities and equipment that convert water energy into electric energy. This paper mainly introduces the characteristics of water resources conservation and hydropower construction, puts forward the problems existing in the process of water resources conservation and hydropower construction and puts forward the improvement measures.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10471115)
文摘The central purpose of this paper is to illustrate that combining the recently developed theory of random conjugate spaces and the deep theory of Banach spaces can, indeed, solve some difficult measurability problems which occur in the recent study of the Lebesgue (or more general, Orlicz)-Bochner function spaces as well as in a slightly different way in the study of the random functional analysis but for which the measurable selection theorems currently available are not applicable. It is important that this paper provides a new method of studying a large class of the measurability problems, namely first converting the measurability problems to the abstract existence problems in the random metric theory and then combining the random metric theory and the relative theory of classical spaces so that the measurability problems can be eventually solved. The new method is based on the deep development of the random metric theory as well as on the subtle combination of the random metric theory with classical space theory.
文摘The standard interpretation of a null state,or empty state,posits it as devoid of structure.This paper introduces a geometric model(named the 1-D geometric model)proposing that the null or empty state contains hidden structure in the emergent development of dimensional complexity.The model’s argument analyzes two formats of the right triangle within the unit circle.The first format adheres to standard geometric principles.In contrast,the second adopts a novel framework of dimensional structure by assigning a counterrational and formally nonsensical unitary value of“1”to its vectors.Although the two geometries have a null relationship due to their fundamental geometric inconsistency,the cosine squared calculations for both triangles agree.The relationship framework is leveraged to propose a generic definition of infinity,in which the inherent paradoxes found in its study are justified as a native and essential feature of the Universe’s structure.This reinterpretation is applied to study the paradoxical relationship found between correlated quantum and classical states.
