There are many reasons whymerchant ships make desirable targetsfor pirates and terrorists as well as aconvenient means of transport for thestowaway. Criminal activity in the form ofsuch threats is quickly becoming one...There are many reasons whymerchant ships make desirable targetsfor pirates and terrorists as well as aconvenient means of transport for thestowaway. Criminal activity in the form ofsuch threats is quickly becoming one ofthe greatest threats to ships and展开更多
Traditional information systems are passive, i.e., data or knowledge is created, retrieved, modified, updated, and deleted only in response to operations issued by users or application programs, and the systems only c...Traditional information systems are passive, i.e., data or knowledge is created, retrieved, modified, updated, and deleted only in response to operations issued by users or application programs, and the systems only can execute queries or transactions explicitly submitted by users or application programs but have no ability to do something actively by themselves. Unlike a traditional information system serving just as a storehouse of data or knowledge and working passively according to queries or transactions explicitly issued by users and application programs, an autonomous evolutionary information system serves as an autonomous and evolutionary partner of its users that discovers new knowledge from its database or knowledge base autonomously, cooperates with its users in solving problems actively by providing the users with advices, and has a certain mechanism to improve its own state of “knowing” and ability of “working”. This paper seminally defines what is an autonomous evolutionary information system, explain why autonomous evolutionary information systems are needed, and presents some new issues, fundamental considerations, and research directions in design and development of autonomous evolutionary information systems.展开更多
An air pressure-loading mode incorporated into the friction apparatus is firstly applied to coatings tribology involving large load, automation, stepless and continuous loading processes. A novel measurement principle...An air pressure-loading mode incorporated into the friction apparatus is firstly applied to coatings tribology involving large load, automation, stepless and continuous loading processes. A novel measurement principle is proposed and a micro-rotation mechanics model was developed for high precision measurement of friction coefficient. By properly designing and locating two sensors real-time monitoring the normal and friction forces, the troublesome influences in friction measurement is considerably relieved which come from surface characteristics of coatings of the samples in traditional friction test processes. By calculation and analysis, the max rotation angle 0max = 0.0018°is gained, which indicates that the measurement error of the apparatus is greatly reduced. The whole system error is about 1.15% given by finite element method and indication error of the least square fitting of measurements.展开更多
An acidic gas is an important basic chemical raw material used for synthesizing fertilizers,insecticides,explosives,dyes,and salts.Alternatively,inorganic acidic gases that leak into the air have harmful effects on th...An acidic gas is an important basic chemical raw material used for synthesizing fertilizers,insecticides,explosives,dyes,and salts.Alternatively,inorganic acidic gases that leak into the air have harmful effects on the human health,infrastructure,and cultural relics.Therefore,the demand for inorganic acidic gas sensors for air quality monitoring and management has continuously increased,enabling the development of various sensing technologies.Among them,fiber-optic sensors are promising for acidic gas detection because of their excellent in-situ measurement,resistance to corrosion,anti-electromagnetic interference,long service life,and smart structure.In particular,fiber-optic sensors have proven to be very useful for the in-situ detection and distributed monitoring of multiple gas parameters.However,the sensitivity,selectivity,repeatability,and limits of detection of these sensors can be improved to achieve acceptable performance levels for practical applications.In this review,we introduce fiber-optic sensors based on structured optical fibers and fiber gratings for detecting H_(2)S,SO_(2),NO_(2),CO_(2),and N_(2)O.The structures of the sensing regions,gas-sensitive materials,and measurement principles of these sensors are presented.The sensitivity,selectivity,limit of detection,and response time of the sensors are summarized.Finally,the future of fiber-optic sensors for the detection of inorganic acidic gases is discussed.展开更多
Soil moisture is directly related to the amount of irrigation in agriculture and influences the yield of crops.Accordingly,a soil moisture sensor is an important tool for measuring soil moisture content.In this study,...Soil moisture is directly related to the amount of irrigation in agriculture and influences the yield of crops.Accordingly,a soil moisture sensor is an important tool for measuring soil moisture content.In this study,the previous research conducted in recent 2-3 decades on soil moisture sensors was reviewed and the principles of commonly used soil moisture sensor and their various applications were summarized.Furthermore,the advantages,disadvantages,and influencing factors of various measurement methods employed were compared and analyzed.The improvements were presented by several scholars have established the major applications and performance levels of soil moisture sensors,thereby setting the course for future development.These studies indicated that soil moisture sensors in the future should be developed to achieve high-precision,low-cost,non-destructive,automated,and highly integrated systems.Also,it was indicated that future studies should involve the development of specialized sensors for different applications and scenarios.This review research aimed to provide a certain reference for application departments and scientific researchers in the process of selecting soil moisture sensor products and measuring soil moisture.展开更多
文摘There are many reasons whymerchant ships make desirable targetsfor pirates and terrorists as well as aconvenient means of transport for thestowaway. Criminal activity in the form ofsuch threats is quickly becoming one ofthe greatest threats to ships and
基金Supported in part by The Ministry of EducationCulture+1 种基金SportsScience and Technology of Japan under Grant-in-Aid for Scient
文摘Traditional information systems are passive, i.e., data or knowledge is created, retrieved, modified, updated, and deleted only in response to operations issued by users or application programs, and the systems only can execute queries or transactions explicitly submitted by users or application programs but have no ability to do something actively by themselves. Unlike a traditional information system serving just as a storehouse of data or knowledge and working passively according to queries or transactions explicitly issued by users and application programs, an autonomous evolutionary information system serves as an autonomous and evolutionary partner of its users that discovers new knowledge from its database or knowledge base autonomously, cooperates with its users in solving problems actively by providing the users with advices, and has a certain mechanism to improve its own state of “knowing” and ability of “working”. This paper seminally defines what is an autonomous evolutionary information system, explain why autonomous evolutionary information systems are needed, and presents some new issues, fundamental considerations, and research directions in design and development of autonomous evolutionary information systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10832011)
文摘An air pressure-loading mode incorporated into the friction apparatus is firstly applied to coatings tribology involving large load, automation, stepless and continuous loading processes. A novel measurement principle is proposed and a micro-rotation mechanics model was developed for high precision measurement of friction coefficient. By properly designing and locating two sensors real-time monitoring the normal and friction forces, the troublesome influences in friction measurement is considerably relieved which come from surface characteristics of coatings of the samples in traditional friction test processes. By calculation and analysis, the max rotation angle 0max = 0.0018°is gained, which indicates that the measurement error of the apparatus is greatly reduced. The whole system error is about 1.15% given by finite element method and indication error of the least square fitting of measurements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52176178 and 52304321)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund(Municipal Education Commission)Project(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQLZX0059)+5 种基金Major Scientific and Technological Research Project of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJZD-M202201101)Key Research&Development Projects of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.2023YFS0455)Meishan Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2022ZYZF13)Chongqing Talent Project(Grant No.cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0241)Innovation Research Group of Universities in Chongqing(Grant No.CXQT21035)Chongqing Postgraduate Innovation Project(Grant No.CYS23661).
文摘An acidic gas is an important basic chemical raw material used for synthesizing fertilizers,insecticides,explosives,dyes,and salts.Alternatively,inorganic acidic gases that leak into the air have harmful effects on the human health,infrastructure,and cultural relics.Therefore,the demand for inorganic acidic gas sensors for air quality monitoring and management has continuously increased,enabling the development of various sensing technologies.Among them,fiber-optic sensors are promising for acidic gas detection because of their excellent in-situ measurement,resistance to corrosion,anti-electromagnetic interference,long service life,and smart structure.In particular,fiber-optic sensors have proven to be very useful for the in-situ detection and distributed monitoring of multiple gas parameters.However,the sensitivity,selectivity,repeatability,and limits of detection of these sensors can be improved to achieve acceptable performance levels for practical applications.In this review,we introduce fiber-optic sensors based on structured optical fibers and fiber gratings for detecting H_(2)S,SO_(2),NO_(2),CO_(2),and N_(2)O.The structures of the sensing regions,gas-sensitive materials,and measurement principles of these sensors are presented.The sensitivity,selectivity,limit of detection,and response time of the sensors are summarized.Finally,the future of fiber-optic sensors for the detection of inorganic acidic gases is discussed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801669)the Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2019GSF111035)the Government-sponsored Visiting Scholar Research Program.
文摘Soil moisture is directly related to the amount of irrigation in agriculture and influences the yield of crops.Accordingly,a soil moisture sensor is an important tool for measuring soil moisture content.In this study,the previous research conducted in recent 2-3 decades on soil moisture sensors was reviewed and the principles of commonly used soil moisture sensor and their various applications were summarized.Furthermore,the advantages,disadvantages,and influencing factors of various measurement methods employed were compared and analyzed.The improvements were presented by several scholars have established the major applications and performance levels of soil moisture sensors,thereby setting the course for future development.These studies indicated that soil moisture sensors in the future should be developed to achieve high-precision,low-cost,non-destructive,automated,and highly integrated systems.Also,it was indicated that future studies should involve the development of specialized sensors for different applications and scenarios.This review research aimed to provide a certain reference for application departments and scientific researchers in the process of selecting soil moisture sensor products and measuring soil moisture.
