Measurable residual disease(MRD)has become a critical biomarker in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),particularly for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)...Measurable residual disease(MRD)has become a critical biomarker in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),particularly for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).The incorporation of MRD-directed strategies into clinical practice can enable personalized therapy and improve outcomes in ALL patients.Growing evidence has demonstrated that MRD status not only reflects the treatment response and relapse risk but also informs clinical decisions across the transplant continuum,including transplant indications,donor selection,conditioning regimens,and post-transplant interventions.With the advent of highly sensitive technologies such as real-time polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing,MRD assessment has reached unprecedented accuracy,enabling precision medicine for ALL.This review systematically addresses six key clinical questions related to the application of MRD in ALL patients undergoing transplantation.We discuss optimal MRD detection methods,timing and sampling strategies,the prognostic implications of MRD positivity or clearance,and MRD-directed approaches before and after allo-HSCT.We further highlight emerging immunotherapeutic options and research gaps that must be addressed to refine MRD-guided strategies.In summary,incorporating MRD evaluation into routine clinical practice has the potential to optimize transplant outcomes and reduce relapse in ALL patients.展开更多
Objective:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is the only potentially curative method for treating myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS).Post-HSCT measurable residual disease(post-HSCT MRD)is associat...Objective:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is the only potentially curative method for treating myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS).Post-HSCT measurable residual disease(post-HSCT MRD)is associated with inferior transplant outcomes.In this prospective study,we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of post-HSCT MRD in relapse prediction in MDS.Methods:A total of 166 patients diagnosed with MDS were prospectively enrolled in this study.The KaplanMeier method was used to calculate the survival probabilities.Potential risk factors for outcomes after transplantation were evaluated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.Results:For patients with negative and positive post-HSCT MRD,the cumulative incidence of relapse(CIR)and disease-free survival(DFS)at 3 years were 5.9%and 69.6%(P<0.001)and 82.7%and 26.1%(P<0.001),respectively.In the multivariate analysis,post-HSCT MRD(HR=22.801,P<0.001)and Revised International Prognostic Scoring System(IPSS-R)risk stratification(HR=4.346,P=0.003)were independently correlated with relapse.A scoring system for relapse prediction was built based on post-HSCT MRD and IPSS-R stratification.The cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was 1.1%,15.8%,and 91.7%for patients with scores of 0,1,and 2,respectively(P<0.001).Conclusions:Our results demonstrated both post-HSCT MRD and IPSS-R scores were independent prognostic factors for OS,DFS,and relapse for MDS patients after allo-HSCT.The risk score system could better predict transplant outcomes and refine the risk stratification than alone in patients with MDS.展开更多
t LBS （location-based service） is a remarkable outcome of the development from GIS to geospatial information service. Faced by the requirements of geospatial information from the masses and the opportunity provided ...t LBS （location-based service） is a remarkable outcome of the development from GIS to geospatial information service. Faced by the requirements of geospatial information from the masses and the opportunity provided by the next generation lnternet and Web 2.0, a new model of geospatial information service based on DMI （digital measurable image） is presented. First, the con- cept of LBS and the opportunities of Web 2.0 are introduced, then the characteristic of DMI is discussed. Taking the Image City.Wuhan as an example, the function ofgeospatial information service based on DM! is introduced. Finally, the feasibility for its industrialization is discussed.展开更多
For a stochastic differential equation with non-Lipschitz coefficients, we construct, by Euler scheme, a measurable flow of the solution, and we prove the solution is a Markov process.
In this paper,the optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are studied.The existence and uniqueness of optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are proved ...In this paper,the optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are studied.The existence and uniqueness of optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are proved under proper circumstances.展开更多
This paper deals with some initial-oblique derivative boundary value problems for nonlinear nondivergent parabolic systems of several second order equations with measurable coefficients in multiply connected domains. ...This paper deals with some initial-oblique derivative boundary value problems for nonlinear nondivergent parabolic systems of several second order equations with measurable coefficients in multiply connected domains. Firstly, a priori estimates of solutions for the initial-boundary value problems are given, and then by using the above estimates of solutions and the Leray-Schauder theorem, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the problems are proved.展开更多
Based on a number of sector mitigation policies for domestic systems, this paper demonstrates how measurable, reportable and verifiable （MRV） mechanisms are applied at the sector level in China. At the same time, th...Based on a number of sector mitigation policies for domestic systems, this paper demonstrates how measurable, reportable and verifiable （MRV） mechanisms are applied at the sector level in China. At the same time, these mitigation policies and methods are diverse in terms of the MRV approach and their mitigation effects. These characters should be regulated as part of case foundation in the international construction of MRV.展开更多
In this paper, first, a 3rd-dimensional vertex measurable graphs G is defined, which is an extension of the concept that was introduced in [3]. G = G1 × G2 × G3 is a graph defined over algebra ζ1 ×ζz...In this paper, first, a 3rd-dimensional vertex measurable graphs G is defined, which is an extension of the concept that was introduced in [3]. G = G1 × G2 × G3 is a graph defined over algebra ζ1 ×ζz × ζ3, which consists of all vertex sets that produce sub graphs of G. G1,G2, and G3 are three simple graphs, provided that （G1,ζ1）,（G2,ζz）, and （G3,ζ3） are three vertex measure spaces. Second, in order to maximize the edge＇s set, we present an alternative version of the definition of two-dimension Cartesian product of vertex measurable graphs that was given in [3], with preserving the same properties of the graphs and sub graphs that were illustrated.展开更多
The measurement uncertainty analysis is carried out to investigate the measurable dimensions of cylindrical workpieces by the rotary-scan method in this paper.Due to the difficult alignment of the workpiece with a dia...The measurement uncertainty analysis is carried out to investigate the measurable dimensions of cylindrical workpieces by the rotary-scan method in this paper.Due to the difficult alignment of the workpiece with a diameter of less than 3 mm by the rotary scan method,the measurement uncertainty of the cylindrical workpiece with a diameter of 3 mm and length of 50 mm which is measured by a roundness measuring machine,is evaluated according to GUM(Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement)as an example.Since the uncertainty caused by the eccentricity of the measured workpiece is different with the dimension changing,the measurement uncertainty of cylindrical workpieces with other dimensions can be evaluated the same as the diameter of 3 mm but with different eccentricity.Measurement uncertainty caused by different eccentricities concerning the dimension of the measured cylindrical workpiece is set to simulate the evaluations.Compared to the target value of the measurement uncertainty of 0.1μm,the measurable dimensions of the cylindrical workpiece can be obtained.Experiments and analysis are presented to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of the rotary-scan method for the roundness measurement of cylindrical workpieces.展开更多
The concepts of quasi-cardinality, possibility and expectation of a fuzzy set on a measurable set, as a generalization of the quasi-cardinality of a fuzzy set on a finite universe of discourse is proposed. Also some p...The concepts of quasi-cardinality, possibility and expectation of a fuzzy set on a measurable set, as a generalization of the quasi-cardinality of a fuzzy set on a finite universe of discourse is proposed. Also some properties of them are given out and thus some relevant results are elucidated.展开更多
During the last decennia, social capital has been a popular topic in social sciences. However, the concept is often used as a “catch all” for divers social characteristics. Consensus on how the concept should be mea...During the last decennia, social capital has been a popular topic in social sciences. However, the concept is often used as a “catch all” for divers social characteristics. Consensus on how the concept should be measured is lacking. This keeps health researchers from drawing firm conclusions on the influence of social capital on health and hampers the decision on which social capital indicators to use in health research. This study compares five ways to operationalise social capital (generalized trust, a social network index, an expanded social network index, bonding, bridging and linking social capital and a multidimensional social capital index) in their ability to explain self-rated health and pain. To evaluate the models’ capacity to explain health, two logistic regression models were built, resulting in Nagelkerke R2 measures. Data were collected in a cross-sectional study in eight neighbourhoods in the region of Ghent (Belgium) by randomly sampling 50 adult inhabitants per neighbourhood. Findings show that the explanation of the observed variance in health by the studied social capital models ranges from 1.9% to 23.1%, but is more pronounced for self-rated health than for pain. The multidimensional social capital index explains most of the variance in health, but poses an important strain on the respondents due to a large number of surveyquestions. With some prudence, we presume that the explanatory added value of the more extended social capital models is rather limited from a practical point of view as the addition in explained variance of the other models seems not in relation to the number of questions needed. Researchers should weigh up the pros and cons of different manners to measure social capital carefully, taking the goals and focus of their study into account.展开更多
Dielectric resonator methods constitute one of the most useful techniques for the measurement of electromagnetic material properties in the microwave frequency range. Several geometric configurations are used for this...Dielectric resonator methods constitute one of the most useful techniques for the measurement of electromagnetic material properties in the microwave frequency range. Several geometric configurations are used for this purpose and, in the present paper, we consider the case of a dielectric rod enclosed in a cylindrical metallic enclosure. To carry out dielectric measurements in this system it is necessary to know the highest permittivity constant value for which the resonance condition still can be attained into the cavity. Using an approach based on magnetic and electric Hertzian potentials we have derived the set of TE and TM modes for the relevant geometry described and, then we have calculated the valid dielectric permittivity constant range of measurements for low-loss materials in a cylindrical cavity using a simple resonance frequency condition. Finally, we present a simple application of this method in order to determine the dielectric permittivity constant of heavy oil with 11 API.展开更多
It is a common belief, for the last two decades, that we can observe the transformation of the intemational economy, from industrial to knowledge economy. In a continuous changing economy, the main advantage the compa...It is a common belief, for the last two decades, that we can observe the transformation of the intemational economy, from industrial to knowledge economy. In a continuous changing economy, the main advantage the companies have is not the buildings, the machines, the trucks, or the total equipment. The strategic key of a company today is the capital that cannot be copied easily, that is not disclosed and is not tangible, the intellectual capital of the company. The intangible assets can be characterized as those without physical appearance and the value of which is limited by the rights and anticipative benefits that possession confers upon the owner. The expansion of companies into foreign markets presupposes the aggregation of financial information that includes non-homogeneous elements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the framework of identification, as well as the disclosure requirements of brand names as they have been set by several articles of Commercial Law and recognized by professional accounting institutions. Emphasis will be given to analyzing existing accounting recognition and measurement, and proposals worldwide. In conclusion, this study indicates the accounting problems of definition, measurement, and disclosure of the majority of these intangible assets to users of financial statements of the company. Despite all the difficulties, this property of the company must in some way be measured and disclosed to lead to more reliable financial statements. The proposals of this paper, will help the accounting community to solve this major problem.展开更多
Background:The level of measurable residual disease(MRD)before and after transplantation is related to inferior transplant outcomes,and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease(post-HSC...Background:The level of measurable residual disease(MRD)before and after transplantation is related to inferior transplant outcomes,and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease(post-HSCT MRD)has higher prognostic value in determining risk than pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease(pre-HSCT MRD).However,only a few work has been devoted to the risk factors for positive post-HSCT MRD in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).This study evaluated the risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods:A total of 1683 ALL patients from Peking University People’s Hospital between January 2009 and December 2019 were enrolled to evaluate the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD.Cox proportional hazard regression models were built for time-to-event outcomes.Multivariable analysis was performed to determine independent influencing factors from the univariable analysis.Results:Both in total patients and in T-cell ALL or B-cell ALL,pediatric or adult,human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor transplantation or haploidentical SCT subgroups,positive pre-HSCT MRD was a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity(P<0.001 for all).Disease status(complete remission 1[CR1]vs.≥CR2)was also a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity in all patients and in the B cell-ALL,pediatric,or haploidentical SCT subgroups(P=0.027;P=0.003;P=0.035;P=0.003,respectively).A risk score for post-HSCT MRD positivity was developed using the variables pre-HSCT MRD and disease status.The cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity was 12.3%,25.1%,and 38.8%for subjects with scores of 0,1,and 2–3,respectively(P<0.001).Multivariable analysis confirmed the association of the risk score with the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity and relapse as well as leukemia-free survival and overall survival.Conclusion:Our results indicated that positive pre-MRD and disease status were two independent risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT.展开更多
Acute leukemia(AL),which includes acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),is a hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid or lymphoid cells.Al...Acute leukemia(AL),which includes acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),is a hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid or lymphoid cells.Allogeneic stem cell transplantation(ASCT)remains a therapeutic option for patients with AL.Determination of transplantation indications is a key step in successful ASCT and in curing patients.Currently,the measurable residual disease(MRD)is used as a biomarker for response evaluation,relapse prediction,preemptive therapy,and post-remission treatment selection.In this review,we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques for MRD detection.We focused mainly on the residual disease-directed selection of transplant indications for patients with either AML or ALL and provided expert opinions in these settings.We also discuss the challenges associated with transplantation indications and propose expert opinions and future directions for the selection of indications for transplantation.展开更多
The existence theorem of the optimal measurable coupling of two probability kernels on a complete separable metric measurable space is proved. Then by this theorem, a general ergodicity theorem for Markov processes is...The existence theorem of the optimal measurable coupling of two probability kernels on a complete separable metric measurable space is proved. Then by this theorem, a general ergodicity theorem for Markov processes is obtained. And as an immediate application to particle systems the uniqueness theorem of the stationary distribution is supplemented, i.e. the uniqueness theorem also implies the existence of the stationary distribution.展开更多
Based on human perception and machine learning methods,this study proposes a measurable method for evaluating visual comfort in underground spaces.First,a comfort evaluation index based on the characteristics of human...Based on human perception and machine learning methods,this study proposes a measurable method for evaluating visual comfort in underground spaces.First,a comfort evaluation index based on the characteristics of human visual perception is proposed,and color features and segmentation extraction methods for intelligent methods are given.Then,using probability statistics and machine learning methods,a multi-class intelligent sorting and classification algorithm for ranking visual comfort levels is constructed and a comparison is made of the suitability of different intelligent methods for evaluating visual comfort.The random forest algorithm is then selected as the most effective measurable intelligent evaluation algorithm for underground spaces.Finally,the proposed method is compared to intelligent methods employed by previous research,and a case study,the Wujiaochang underground space in Shanghai,China,is applied as the background.Results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the quantification and refinement of human perception and evaluation of comfort in underground spaces;this method will also be useful in computer-aided generative design in the future.展开更多
It is proved that rough set is equivalent to non-measurable set in measure theory. Hence, rough set is not a new concept in some sense. At the same time, we defined the measurable degree of a set by inner measure and ...It is proved that rough set is equivalent to non-measurable set in measure theory. Hence, rough set is not a new concept in some sense. At the same time, we defined the measurable degree of a set by inner measure and outer measure. Its special case is the accuracy measure of rough set.展开更多
Measurable residual disease(MRD)is a powerful prognostic factor of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).We applied the single-cell RNA sequencing to bone marrow(BM)samples from patients with(n=20)and without(n=12)MR...Measurable residual disease(MRD)is a powerful prognostic factor of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).We applied the single-cell RNA sequencing to bone marrow(BM)samples from patients with(n=20)and without(n=12)MRD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.A comprehensive immune landscape with 184,231 cells was created.Compared with CD8+T cells enriched in the MRDnegative group(MRD‒_CD8),those enriched in the MRD-positive group(MRD+_CD8)showed lower expression levels of cytotoxicity-related genes.Three monocyte clusters(i.e.,MRD+_M)and three B-cell clusters(i.e.,MRD+_B)were enriched in the MRD-positive group.Conversion from an MRD-positive state to an MRD-negative state was accompanied by an increase in MRD‒_CD8 clusters and vice versa.MRDenriched cell clusters employed the macrophage migration inhibitory factor pathway to regulate MRD‒_CD8 clusters.These findings revealed the characteristics of the immune cell landscape in MRD positivity,which will allow for a better understanding of the immune mechanisms for MRD conversion.展开更多
Klement first gave an axiomatic definition of a fuzzy σ-algebra which is a generalization of the family of fuzzy events considered by Zadeh. Following the method adopted by Lowen in studying fuzzy topology, Klement d...Klement first gave an axiomatic definition of a fuzzy σ-algebra which is a generalization of the family of fuzzy events considered by Zadeh. Following the method adopted by Lowen in studying fuzzy topology, Klement defined two important mappings ζ and κ, and proved some of their corresponding properties in the research of the relationship between classical and fuzzy σ-algebra. This note attempts: (ⅰ)展开更多
基金partly supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z221100007422008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82293630 and 82293633)。
文摘Measurable residual disease(MRD)has become a critical biomarker in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),particularly for patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).The incorporation of MRD-directed strategies into clinical practice can enable personalized therapy and improve outcomes in ALL patients.Growing evidence has demonstrated that MRD status not only reflects the treatment response and relapse risk but also informs clinical decisions across the transplant continuum,including transplant indications,donor selection,conditioning regimens,and post-transplant interventions.With the advent of highly sensitive technologies such as real-time polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing,MRD assessment has reached unprecedented accuracy,enabling precision medicine for ALL.This review systematically addresses six key clinical questions related to the application of MRD in ALL patients undergoing transplantation.We discuss optimal MRD detection methods,timing and sampling strategies,the prognostic implications of MRD positivity or clearance,and MRD-directed approaches before and after allo-HSCT.We further highlight emerging immunotherapeutic options and research gaps that must be addressed to refine MRD-guided strategies.In summary,incorporating MRD evaluation into routine clinical practice has the potential to optimize transplant outcomes and reduce relapse in ALL patients.
基金partly supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z221100007422008)。
文摘Objective:Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)is the only potentially curative method for treating myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS).Post-HSCT measurable residual disease(post-HSCT MRD)is associated with inferior transplant outcomes.In this prospective study,we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of post-HSCT MRD in relapse prediction in MDS.Methods:A total of 166 patients diagnosed with MDS were prospectively enrolled in this study.The KaplanMeier method was used to calculate the survival probabilities.Potential risk factors for outcomes after transplantation were evaluated through univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.Results:For patients with negative and positive post-HSCT MRD,the cumulative incidence of relapse(CIR)and disease-free survival(DFS)at 3 years were 5.9%and 69.6%(P<0.001)and 82.7%and 26.1%(P<0.001),respectively.In the multivariate analysis,post-HSCT MRD(HR=22.801,P<0.001)and Revised International Prognostic Scoring System(IPSS-R)risk stratification(HR=4.346,P=0.003)were independently correlated with relapse.A scoring system for relapse prediction was built based on post-HSCT MRD and IPSS-R stratification.The cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was 1.1%,15.8%,and 91.7%for patients with scores of 0,1,and 2,respectively(P<0.001).Conclusions:Our results demonstrated both post-HSCT MRD and IPSS-R scores were independent prognostic factors for OS,DFS,and relapse for MDS patients after allo-HSCT.The risk score system could better predict transplant outcomes and refine the risk stratification than alone in patients with MDS.
文摘t LBS （location-based service） is a remarkable outcome of the development from GIS to geospatial information service. Faced by the requirements of geospatial information from the masses and the opportunity provided by the next generation lnternet and Web 2.0, a new model of geospatial information service based on DMI （digital measurable image） is presented. First, the con- cept of LBS and the opportunities of Web 2.0 are introduced, then the characteristic of DMI is discussed. Taking the Image City.Wuhan as an example, the function ofgeospatial information service based on DM! is introduced. Finally, the feasibility for its industrialization is discussed.
文摘For a stochastic differential equation with non-Lipschitz coefficients, we construct, by Euler scheme, a measurable flow of the solution, and we prove the solution is a Markov process.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(1 9971 0 72 )
文摘In this paper,the optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are studied.The existence and uniqueness of optional and predictable projections of set-valued measurable processes are proved under proper circumstances.
文摘This paper deals with some initial-oblique derivative boundary value problems for nonlinear nondivergent parabolic systems of several second order equations with measurable coefficients in multiply connected domains. Firstly, a priori estimates of solutions for the initial-boundary value problems are given, and then by using the above estimates of solutions and the Leray-Schauder theorem, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for the problems are proved.
基金Ministry of Science and Technology 11th Technology Supporting Key Project 2007BAC03A03-04Ministry of Science and Technology project 2010CB955302
文摘Based on a number of sector mitigation policies for domestic systems, this paper demonstrates how measurable, reportable and verifiable （MRV） mechanisms are applied at the sector level in China. At the same time, these mitigation policies and methods are diverse in terms of the MRV approach and their mitigation effects. These characters should be regulated as part of case foundation in the international construction of MRV.
文摘In this paper, first, a 3rd-dimensional vertex measurable graphs G is defined, which is an extension of the concept that was introduced in [3]. G = G1 × G2 × G3 is a graph defined over algebra ζ1 ×ζz × ζ3, which consists of all vertex sets that produce sub graphs of G. G1,G2, and G3 are three simple graphs, provided that （G1,ζ1）,（G2,ζz）, and （G3,ζ3） are three vertex measure spaces. Second, in order to maximize the edge＇s set, we present an alternative version of the definition of two-dimension Cartesian product of vertex measurable graphs that was given in [3], with preserving the same properties of the graphs and sub graphs that were illustrated.
基金supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(Grant numbers JCKY2019427D002)。
文摘The measurement uncertainty analysis is carried out to investigate the measurable dimensions of cylindrical workpieces by the rotary-scan method in this paper.Due to the difficult alignment of the workpiece with a diameter of less than 3 mm by the rotary scan method,the measurement uncertainty of the cylindrical workpiece with a diameter of 3 mm and length of 50 mm which is measured by a roundness measuring machine,is evaluated according to GUM(Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement)as an example.Since the uncertainty caused by the eccentricity of the measured workpiece is different with the dimension changing,the measurement uncertainty of cylindrical workpieces with other dimensions can be evaluated the same as the diameter of 3 mm but with different eccentricity.Measurement uncertainty caused by different eccentricities concerning the dimension of the measured cylindrical workpiece is set to simulate the evaluations.Compared to the target value of the measurement uncertainty of 0.1μm,the measurable dimensions of the cylindrical workpiece can be obtained.Experiments and analysis are presented to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of the rotary-scan method for the roundness measurement of cylindrical workpieces.
文摘The concepts of quasi-cardinality, possibility and expectation of a fuzzy set on a measurable set, as a generalization of the quasi-cardinality of a fuzzy set on a finite universe of discourse is proposed. Also some properties of them are given out and thus some relevant results are elucidated.
文摘During the last decennia, social capital has been a popular topic in social sciences. However, the concept is often used as a “catch all” for divers social characteristics. Consensus on how the concept should be measured is lacking. This keeps health researchers from drawing firm conclusions on the influence of social capital on health and hampers the decision on which social capital indicators to use in health research. This study compares five ways to operationalise social capital (generalized trust, a social network index, an expanded social network index, bonding, bridging and linking social capital and a multidimensional social capital index) in their ability to explain self-rated health and pain. To evaluate the models’ capacity to explain health, two logistic regression models were built, resulting in Nagelkerke R2 measures. Data were collected in a cross-sectional study in eight neighbourhoods in the region of Ghent (Belgium) by randomly sampling 50 adult inhabitants per neighbourhood. Findings show that the explanation of the observed variance in health by the studied social capital models ranges from 1.9% to 23.1%, but is more pronounced for self-rated health than for pain. The multidimensional social capital index explains most of the variance in health, but poses an important strain on the respondents due to a large number of surveyquestions. With some prudence, we presume that the explanatory added value of the more extended social capital models is rather limited from a practical point of view as the addition in explained variance of the other models seems not in relation to the number of questions needed. Researchers should weigh up the pros and cons of different manners to measure social capital carefully, taking the goals and focus of their study into account.
文摘Dielectric resonator methods constitute one of the most useful techniques for the measurement of electromagnetic material properties in the microwave frequency range. Several geometric configurations are used for this purpose and, in the present paper, we consider the case of a dielectric rod enclosed in a cylindrical metallic enclosure. To carry out dielectric measurements in this system it is necessary to know the highest permittivity constant value for which the resonance condition still can be attained into the cavity. Using an approach based on magnetic and electric Hertzian potentials we have derived the set of TE and TM modes for the relevant geometry described and, then we have calculated the valid dielectric permittivity constant range of measurements for low-loss materials in a cylindrical cavity using a simple resonance frequency condition. Finally, we present a simple application of this method in order to determine the dielectric permittivity constant of heavy oil with 11 API.
文摘It is a common belief, for the last two decades, that we can observe the transformation of the intemational economy, from industrial to knowledge economy. In a continuous changing economy, the main advantage the companies have is not the buildings, the machines, the trucks, or the total equipment. The strategic key of a company today is the capital that cannot be copied easily, that is not disclosed and is not tangible, the intellectual capital of the company. The intangible assets can be characterized as those without physical appearance and the value of which is limited by the rights and anticipative benefits that possession confers upon the owner. The expansion of companies into foreign markets presupposes the aggregation of financial information that includes non-homogeneous elements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the framework of identification, as well as the disclosure requirements of brand names as they have been set by several articles of Commercial Law and recognized by professional accounting institutions. Emphasis will be given to analyzing existing accounting recognition and measurement, and proposals worldwide. In conclusion, this study indicates the accounting problems of definition, measurement, and disclosure of the majority of these intangible assets to users of financial statements of the company. Despite all the difficulties, this property of the company must in some way be measured and disclosed to lead to more reliable financial statements. The proposals of this paper, will help the accounting community to solve this major problem.
基金partly supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.Z221100007422008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81930004).
文摘Background:The level of measurable residual disease(MRD)before and after transplantation is related to inferior transplant outcomes,and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease(post-HSCT MRD)has higher prognostic value in determining risk than pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease(pre-HSCT MRD).However,only a few work has been devoted to the risk factors for positive post-HSCT MRD in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).This study evaluated the risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods:A total of 1683 ALL patients from Peking University People’s Hospital between January 2009 and December 2019 were enrolled to evaluate the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD.Cox proportional hazard regression models were built for time-to-event outcomes.Multivariable analysis was performed to determine independent influencing factors from the univariable analysis.Results:Both in total patients and in T-cell ALL or B-cell ALL,pediatric or adult,human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor transplantation or haploidentical SCT subgroups,positive pre-HSCT MRD was a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity(P<0.001 for all).Disease status(complete remission 1[CR1]vs.≥CR2)was also a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity in all patients and in the B cell-ALL,pediatric,or haploidentical SCT subgroups(P=0.027;P=0.003;P=0.035;P=0.003,respectively).A risk score for post-HSCT MRD positivity was developed using the variables pre-HSCT MRD and disease status.The cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity was 12.3%,25.1%,and 38.8%for subjects with scores of 0,1,and 2–3,respectively(P<0.001).Multivariable analysis confirmed the association of the risk score with the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity and relapse as well as leukemia-free survival and overall survival.Conclusion:Our results indicated that positive pre-MRD and disease status were two independent risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z221100007422008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82293630 and 82293633).
文摘Acute leukemia(AL),which includes acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),is a hematological malignancy characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of immature myeloid or lymphoid cells.Allogeneic stem cell transplantation(ASCT)remains a therapeutic option for patients with AL.Determination of transplantation indications is a key step in successful ASCT and in curing patients.Currently,the measurable residual disease(MRD)is used as a biomarker for response evaluation,relapse prediction,preemptive therapy,and post-remission treatment selection.In this review,we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques for MRD detection.We focused mainly on the residual disease-directed selection of transplant indications for patients with either AML or ALL and provided expert opinions in these settings.We also discuss the challenges associated with transplantation indications and propose expert opinions and future directions for the selection of indications for transplantation.
文摘The existence theorem of the optimal measurable coupling of two probability kernels on a complete separable metric measurable space is proved. Then by this theorem, a general ergodicity theorem for Markov processes is obtained. And as an immediate application to particle systems the uniqueness theorem of the stationary distribution is supplemented, i.e. the uniqueness theorem also implies the existence of the stationary distribution.
基金supported by the National Key Special Project(2018YFC0808702)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52038008)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Innovation Action Plan(20dz1202406).
文摘Based on human perception and machine learning methods,this study proposes a measurable method for evaluating visual comfort in underground spaces.First,a comfort evaluation index based on the characteristics of human visual perception is proposed,and color features and segmentation extraction methods for intelligent methods are given.Then,using probability statistics and machine learning methods,a multi-class intelligent sorting and classification algorithm for ranking visual comfort levels is constructed and a comparison is made of the suitability of different intelligent methods for evaluating visual comfort.The random forest algorithm is then selected as the most effective measurable intelligent evaluation algorithm for underground spaces.Finally,the proposed method is compared to intelligent methods employed by previous research,and a case study,the Wujiaochang underground space in Shanghai,China,is applied as the background.Results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the quantification and refinement of human perception and evaluation of comfort in underground spaces;this method will also be useful in computer-aided generative design in the future.
文摘It is proved that rough set is equivalent to non-measurable set in measure theory. Hence, rough set is not a new concept in some sense. At the same time, we defined the measurable degree of a set by inner measure and outer measure. Its special case is the accuracy measure of rough set.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930004)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1103300,2022YFC2502606)+6 种基金the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82293630)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82170208)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-034,2022-I2MC&T-B-121)Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds(RZ2022-02)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Z230016)Tongzhou district science and technology plan project(KJ2024CX045)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities.
文摘Measurable residual disease(MRD)is a powerful prognostic factor of relapse in acute myeloid leukemia(AML).We applied the single-cell RNA sequencing to bone marrow(BM)samples from patients with(n=20)and without(n=12)MRD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.A comprehensive immune landscape with 184,231 cells was created.Compared with CD8+T cells enriched in the MRDnegative group(MRD‒_CD8),those enriched in the MRD-positive group(MRD+_CD8)showed lower expression levels of cytotoxicity-related genes.Three monocyte clusters(i.e.,MRD+_M)and three B-cell clusters(i.e.,MRD+_B)were enriched in the MRD-positive group.Conversion from an MRD-positive state to an MRD-negative state was accompanied by an increase in MRD‒_CD8 clusters and vice versa.MRDenriched cell clusters employed the macrophage migration inhibitory factor pathway to regulate MRD‒_CD8 clusters.These findings revealed the characteristics of the immune cell landscape in MRD positivity,which will allow for a better understanding of the immune mechanisms for MRD conversion.
文摘Klement first gave an axiomatic definition of a fuzzy σ-algebra which is a generalization of the family of fuzzy events considered by Zadeh. Following the method adopted by Lowen in studying fuzzy topology, Klement defined two important mappings ζ and κ, and proved some of their corresponding properties in the research of the relationship between classical and fuzzy σ-algebra. This note attempts: (ⅰ)
