To evaluate the heat performance of the lifting-body entry vehicle during the hypersonic gliding phase,entry flight heat tests involving the determination of the maximum peak-heat-flux entry trajectory with complex co...To evaluate the heat performance of the lifting-body entry vehicle during the hypersonic gliding phase,entry flight heat tests involving the determination of the maximum peak-heat-flux entry trajectory with complex constraints are essential.A significant obstacle is the uncertainty of passage time or energy states of the maximum peak entry heat flux point and waypoints.This paper showcases an endeavour to leverage disjunctive programming and combinatorial theory for the max-max type(maximum peak-heat-flux)Entry Trajectory Optimization(ETO)problems with complex constraints such as dynamic pressure,normal load,waypoints,and no-fly zones.The concept of a"generalized waypoint"is introduced,and the maximum peak-heat-flux point is regarded as a"generalized waypoint".Through the application of propositional calculus rules,the derivation of generalized waypoints incorporating various physical quantities and magnitudes such as heat flux density,longitude,and latitude is actualized in one disjunctive normal form,enabling resolution via a unified method.Consequently,a novel method based on combinatorial prior rules is proposed,utilizing Successive Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming(SMINLP)to optimize various heat entry test flight trajectories.Numerical experiments are provided to show the computational accuracy,stability,and adaptability of the proposed method in solving maxmax type entry optimal control problems.展开更多
目的：对IPS e． max CAD 全瓷冠近期修复效果进行观察和评价。方法共选取469例542颗前、后牙IPS e． max CAD 全瓷冠修复体，修复3-12个月后，按照美国加州牙科协会（CDA）制定的全瓷修复临床评定标准进行修复体评估。结果97．2％的修...目的：对IPS e． max CAD 全瓷冠近期修复效果进行观察和评价。方法共选取469例542颗前、后牙IPS e． max CAD 全瓷冠修复体，修复3-12个月后，按照美国加州牙科协会（CDA）制定的全瓷修复临床评定标准进行修复体评估。结果97．2％的修复体保持完整，未出现破裂、崩瓷、脱落、基牙冠折等并发症，患者满意度较高。结论 IPS e． max CAD 全瓷修复体的近期修复效果良好。展开更多
基金funded by the Key Laboratory of Cross-Domain Flight Interdisciplinary Technology,China(No.2024-KF02201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61973326)。
文摘To evaluate the heat performance of the lifting-body entry vehicle during the hypersonic gliding phase,entry flight heat tests involving the determination of the maximum peak-heat-flux entry trajectory with complex constraints are essential.A significant obstacle is the uncertainty of passage time or energy states of the maximum peak entry heat flux point and waypoints.This paper showcases an endeavour to leverage disjunctive programming and combinatorial theory for the max-max type(maximum peak-heat-flux)Entry Trajectory Optimization(ETO)problems with complex constraints such as dynamic pressure,normal load,waypoints,and no-fly zones.The concept of a"generalized waypoint"is introduced,and the maximum peak-heat-flux point is regarded as a"generalized waypoint".Through the application of propositional calculus rules,the derivation of generalized waypoints incorporating various physical quantities and magnitudes such as heat flux density,longitude,and latitude is actualized in one disjunctive normal form,enabling resolution via a unified method.Consequently,a novel method based on combinatorial prior rules is proposed,utilizing Successive Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming(SMINLP)to optimize various heat entry test flight trajectories.Numerical experiments are provided to show the computational accuracy,stability,and adaptability of the proposed method in solving maxmax type entry optimal control problems.
文摘目的：对IPS e． max CAD 全瓷冠近期修复效果进行观察和评价。方法共选取469例542颗前、后牙IPS e． max CAD 全瓷冠修复体，修复3-12个月后，按照美国加州牙科协会（CDA）制定的全瓷修复临床评定标准进行修复体评估。结果97．2％的修复体保持完整，未出现破裂、崩瓷、脱落、基牙冠折等并发症，患者满意度较高。结论 IPS e． max CAD 全瓷修复体的近期修复效果良好。
