The main purpose of this work is to shed light on the possibility of producing huge amount of energy based on the construction matter-antimatter plasma in a molecular crystal. It is assumed that two beams of isotherma...The main purpose of this work is to shed light on the possibility of producing huge amount of energy based on the construction matter-antimatter plasma in a molecular crystal. It is assumed that two beams of isothermal hydrogen and antihydrogen are injected into a palladium crystal leading to a plasma state composed of particles and antiparticles. The collapse of this state releases a huge amount of energy which can be used as fuel for space shuttles. Thus, the novel system of isothermal pressure interaction enhances the energy power carried out by the quantum ion acoustic soliton (QIAS). In addition to the energy power released from the particle-antiparticle annihilation. The probability of merging the energy from these two cases is available at certain condition. The released energy may be a significant step in solving the energy scape of Tokomak to produce fusion energy. The study starting from the one-dimensional quantum hydrodynamic model (in which the term of electron-positron and proton-antiproton for hydrogen-antihydrogen is included), a Korteweg de Vries equation (kdv) is derived, the QIAS energy experiences and the annihilation energy power are calculated. It is found that the total energy of QIAS and the energy resulting from hydrogen-antihydrogen annihilation are important step towards the establishment of a cold fusion power station.展开更多
We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electroma...We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε<sub>0</sub> and magnetic permeability μ<sub>0</sub>, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic acceleration may be due to both “quantum vacuum fluctuations” and “matter-antimatter gravitational repelling”. All the above results are established without stating any assumptions or postulates. Next, we advance two hypotheses with cosmological impact. The first is based on the possibility that gravitation is due to the electromagnetic quantum vacuum density of states fluctuations giving rise to a photon pressure at the characteristic collective oscillation frequencies of the charge densities composing the bodies (Electromagnetic Push Gravity). The second advances that energy, matter and antimatter in the universe emerge spontaneously from the quantum vacuum fluctuations as residues that remain stable in space and we present the main principles upon which a new cosmological model may be developed overcoming the well-known Big Bang issues.展开更多
A universe consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons with electrical neutrality is consistent with an equal number of c and preons, assuming the rishon preon theory of Shupe and Harari. Similarly, a universe cons...A universe consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons with electrical neutrality is consistent with an equal number of c and preons, assuming the rishon preon theory of Shupe and Harari. Similarly, a universe consisting of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons with electrical neutrality is consistent with an equal number of c and preons. Hence, any combination of such matter-antimatter compositions is also consistent with an equal number of c and preons and overall electrical neutrality. It is proposed that the difference observed in baryon-antibaryon number density relative to photon number density, ~5 × 10<sup>-10</sup>, is due to allocation of preons between matter and antimatter during preon condensation into normal matter. Three approaches of increasing rigor and complexity are considered: 1) an allocation at times corresponding to the Planck temperature due to fluctuations, 2) an allocation at times corresponding to quark formation due to preon bonding, and 3) an allocation at times corresponding to the electroweak scale. All approaches can give the correct order of magnitude of the asymmetry assuming out-of-equili-brium freeze-out and a slight and allowed charge (C) asymmetry in preon condensation in a self-consistent quantum field theory. Sakharov’s baryon non-conservation condition is evidently circumvented with these approaches, because they assume another level of matter (preons) which is present before quark formation. Thus, preons can provide an elementary explanation of primordial matter-antimatter asymmetry. A relationship between Higgs boson states and preons is proposed.展开更多
In the present letter we discuss novel possible applications and implications of the formation of exotic atomic and molecular structures composed of particles and antiparticles. Particularly, we argue that huge amount...In the present letter we discuss novel possible applications and implications of the formation of exotic atomic and molecular structures composed of particles and antiparticles. Particularly, we argue that huge amount of energy could be produced as a result of matter-antimatter cold fusion. Crucial questions raised concerning the fate of particles and antiparticles produced by the big bang are addressed. Assumptions of possible existence of two kinds of gravity and masses of different signs are proposed.展开更多
This explanation of the origin of the universe, dark energy, and dark matter is based on quantum mechanics, general relativity, thermodynamics, and Shannon information theory. It envisions our universe beginning with ...This explanation of the origin of the universe, dark energy, and dark matter is based on quantum mechanics, general relativity, thermodynamics, and Shannon information theory. It envisions our universe beginning with a quantum fluctuation from nothing into an unstable closed space with our familiar three space dimensions accompanied by seven extra space dimensions, the four basic forces unified, and initial radius of the order of the proton wavelength. The compact extra dimensions collapsed to their ground state with radius of the order of today’s Planck length, injecting most of the entropy (information) in the extra dimensions into our three space dimensions and inflating them by a factor of about e58≈1025. The constant ground state energy of the compact extra dimensions is related to the dark energy (vacuum energy) driving today’s accelerating expansion of our three-dimensional universe. With the usual values of G, , c, and Hubble constant? h0=0.65, the dark energy fraction is ≈0.7. Immediately after inflation, the strong force acting only on matter was an effective “strong gravity” (about 1038 times stronger than gravity today) causing 83% of matter to coalesce into small impenetrable closed systems interacting only by gravity and constituting most of the dark matter. Other universes may have formed similarly in the infinite sweep of cosmic time, but are of no practical significance because they are profoundly elsewhere. The holographic principle (a consequence of quantum mechanics, general relativity, thermodynamics, and Shannon information theory) indicates only a finite number (about 10122) of bits of information encoded on the event horizon will ever be available to describe all physics within our universe. There are no sources or sinks of information outside the universe, so the universe must be described as a closed system. Matter dominance over anti-matter relates to the finite number of bits of information in the universe, as does the fact that theories involving continuum mathematics only approximate an underlying theory involving discrete mathematics. Ordinary matter constitutes only about 5% of the energy density of the universe. Holographic analysis of large scale structures composed of stars accounts for: minimum stellar mass as a function of time;the hierarchy of star clusters, galaxies, and galaxy clusters;and supermassive black holes. It identifies configurations of spiral and elliptical galaxies consistent with conservation of mass and angular momentum accounting for the 15% of bulgeless disks found in the survey of 15,000 spiral galaxies in the sixth SDSS data release. The smallest scale structures are usually described by the Standard Model of elementary particles, based on local quantum field theory. The Standard Model cannot be the final theory of elementary particles because: it incorrectly assumes neutrinos are massless;it cannot account for the bizarre mass spectrum of three generations of four Standard Model fermions;and does not provide the necessary non-local discrete theory of elementary particles. A holographic (and therefore non-local) preon theory involving strands with finite energy density instead of point particles can be outlined, but calculation in such a framework is difficult and gives no insight into the fermion mass spectrum.展开更多
We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it ...We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it should be possible to measure arbitrarily small intervals of space and time, but we ignore if that is true or not. It is thus more realistic to consider an extremely small “quantum of length” of yet unknown value <em>a</em>. It is only required to be a universal constant for all inertial frames, like<em> c</em> and <em>h</em>. This yields a logically consistent theory and accounts for elementary particles by means of four new quantum numbers. They define “particle states” in terms of modulations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space-time. The resulting classification of elementary particles accounts also for dark matter. Antiparticles are redefined, without needing negative energy states and recently observed “anomalies” can be explained.展开更多
The accelerated expansion of our universe results from properties of dark matter particles deduced from Space-Time Quantization. This theory accounts for all possible elementary particles by considering a quantum of l...The accelerated expansion of our universe results from properties of dark matter particles deduced from Space-Time Quantization. This theory accounts for all possible elementary particles by considering a quantum of length a in addition to c and h. It appears that dark matter particles allow for fusion and fission processes. The resulting equilibrium enables the cosmic dark matter gas to produce dark energy in an adaptive way. It keeps the combined matter-energy density at a constant level, even when space is expanding. This accounts for the cosmological constant Λand the accelerated expansion of space without requiring any negative pressure. The Big Bang is related to G, c, h and a. It started with a “primeval photon” and led to the cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry as well as inflation.展开更多
For surplus quarks (and baryons) to emerge after Big Bang, a nonequilibrium binding and superconductor-like condensation of quark-antiquark pairs must occur before the electroweak (EW) symmetry breakdown (similar for ...For surplus quarks (and baryons) to emerge after Big Bang, a nonequilibrium binding and superconductor-like condensation of quark-antiquark pairs must occur before the electroweak (EW) symmetry breakdown (similar for leptons). The formerly unknown dimensionless coupling to the Ginsburg-Landau like potential and the scale parameter in the EW theory then become microscopic functions of the massive quark and antiquark fields, thus defining the matter-antimatter asymmetry and the dark matter content in the Universe at correct orders of magnitude. Thereby also the number of free parameters in the Standard Model is reduced.展开更多
A chemical non-equilibrium form of the superconductor like potential in the EW theory has been derived. It is obtained from the rate-equation for binding of fermions (quarks) to antifermions (antiquarks) and the spati...A chemical non-equilibrium form of the superconductor like potential in the EW theory has been derived. It is obtained from the rate-equation for binding of fermions (quarks) to antifermions (antiquarks) and the spatial correlations for such pairs. In this model, the dimensionless coupling becomes a function of the fermion and antifermion field amplitudes, providing a measure of the matter-antimatter asymmetry from which the ratio between ordinary mass and dark mass is obtained. The dark mass becomes related to the Higgs boson mass and is estimated to about 192 GeV, which could be consistent with a signal observed from the Milky Way.展开更多
Some fundamental physical quantities need an alternative description. We derive the word average value of interaction coupling constant α<sub>s</sub>(m<sub>z</sub>) from the observed maximum g...Some fundamental physical quantities need an alternative description. We derive the word average value of interaction coupling constant α<sub>s</sub>(m<sub>z</sub>) from the observed maximum galactic rotation velocity by the simple relation , where is the velocity, at which the difference between galactic rotation velocity and Thomas precession is equal, and α is Sommerfeld’s constant. The result is in excellent agreement with the value of α<sub>s</sub> = 0.1170 ± 0.0019, recently measured and verified via QCE analysis by CERN researchers. One can formulate a reciprocity relation, connecting α<sub>s</sub> with the circle constant: . It is the merit of Preston Guynn to derive the Milky Way maximum value of the galactic rotation velocity β<sub>g</sub>, pointing to its “extremely important role in all physics”. The mass (energy) constituents of the Universe follow a golden mean hierarchy and can simply be related to the maximum of Guynn’s difference velocity respectively to α<sub>s</sub>(m<sub>z</sub>), therewith excellently confirming Bouchet’s WMAP data analysis. We conclude once more that the golden mean concept is the leading one of nature.展开更多
Flat, straight sheets of paper, standing vertically on edge cannot support any load placed upon their top edge, but once formed into fractal tube conic sections, they have been measured to support up to 97.52 (± ...Flat, straight sheets of paper, standing vertically on edge cannot support any load placed upon their top edge, but once formed into fractal tube conic sections, they have been measured to support up to 97.52 (± 2.27) kilograms (215 (± 5) pounds) of weight with strength-per-weight ratio up to 10,336 (± 240). So, strength has been discovered to be an emergent characteristic arising solely from addition of intelligent order. It is proposed to impose such intelligent order upon, preferably, at least 6 laser beams by focusing each of them to form cones of light, arranging the cones to form a wall of a larger fractal cone, and converging all of them to a common focal point inside a vacuum chamber to give them sufficient strength near this focal point to attract, hold, and move neutral antimatter, preferably anti-lithium. This opens the new field of structural engineering of light and re-defines the concept of strength. Means of cancelling out radiation pressure by reflection of laser beams back to the common focal point are proposed to enable laser confinement of particles having low polarizability, such as anti-hydrogen. Counter-circulation of light by reflection at grazing incidence is proposed as a means of returning escaping antimatter back to the common focal point containment area. Means are proposed to inject a stream of matter into the contained antimatter to create a matter-antimatter reactor and propulsion engine. Since anti-lithium is not available, yet, means are proposed to test these structures by confining ordinary lithium, instead, and by hitting it with anti-protons and/or positrons. Means are proposed to modulate the matter-antimatter reaction with information to create modulated gravitational waves for communication. The proposed structures would enable efficient, stable, safe confinement of antimatter, which would allow better study of antimatter, and make possible renewable, clean, safe, matter-antimatter reactor generators and propulsion engines, antimatter-assisted fusion reactors, and modulated gravitational wave generators.展开更多
We study coherent active-sterile neutrino oscillations as a possible source of leptogenesis. To this end, we add 3 gauge invariant Weyl_R neutrinos to the Standard Model with both Dirac and Majorana type mass terms. W...We study coherent active-sterile neutrino oscillations as a possible source of leptogenesis. To this end, we add 3 gauge invariant Weyl_R neutrinos to the Standard Model with both Dirac and Majorana type mass terms. We find that the measured active neutrino masses and mixings, and successful baryogenesis via leptogenesis, may be achieved with fine-tuning, if at least one of the sterile neutrinos has a mass in the approximate range 0.14 to 1.1 GeV.展开更多
In the framework of the canonical seesaw model,we present a simple but viable scenario to explicitly break an S3L×S3R flavor symmetry in the leptonic sector.It turns out that the leptonic flavor mixing matrix is ...In the framework of the canonical seesaw model,we present a simple but viable scenario to explicitly break an S3L×S3R flavor symmetry in the leptonic sector.It turns out that the leptonic flavor mixing matrix is completely determined by the mass ratios of the charged leptons（i.e.,me/mμand mμ/mτ） and those of light neutrinos（i.e.,m1/m2 and m2/m3）.The latest global-fit results of the three neutrino mixing angles {θ12,θ13,θ23}and two neutrino mass-squared differences {？m212,？m312} at the 3σ level are used to constrain the parameter space of {m1/m2,m2/m3}.The predictions for the mass spectrum and flavor mixing are highlighted：（1） the neutrino mass spectrum shows a hierarchical pattern and a normal ordering,e.g.,m1≈2.2meV,m2≈8.8 meV and m3≈52.7 meV;（2） only the first octant of θ23 is allowed,namely,41.8？ θ23 43.3？;（3） the Dirac C P-violating phase δ ≈-22？deviates significantly from the maximal value-90？.All these predictions are ready to be tested in ongoing and forthcoming neutrino oscillation experiments.Moreover,we demonstrate that the cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry can be explained via resonant leptogenesis,including the individual lepton-flavor effects.In our scenario,leptonic C P violation at low-and high-energy scales is closely connected.展开更多
文摘The main purpose of this work is to shed light on the possibility of producing huge amount of energy based on the construction matter-antimatter plasma in a molecular crystal. It is assumed that two beams of isothermal hydrogen and antihydrogen are injected into a palladium crystal leading to a plasma state composed of particles and antiparticles. The collapse of this state releases a huge amount of energy which can be used as fuel for space shuttles. Thus, the novel system of isothermal pressure interaction enhances the energy power carried out by the quantum ion acoustic soliton (QIAS). In addition to the energy power released from the particle-antiparticle annihilation. The probability of merging the energy from these two cases is available at certain condition. The released energy may be a significant step in solving the energy scape of Tokomak to produce fusion energy. The study starting from the one-dimensional quantum hydrodynamic model (in which the term of electron-positron and proton-antiproton for hydrogen-antihydrogen is included), a Korteweg de Vries equation (kdv) is derived, the QIAS energy experiences and the annihilation energy power are calculated. It is found that the total energy of QIAS and the energy resulting from hydrogen-antihydrogen annihilation are important step towards the establishment of a cold fusion power station.
文摘We show that the electromagnetic quantum vacuum derives directly from Maxwell’s theory and plays a primary role in quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology. It corresponds to the electromagnetic field ground state at zero frequency, a zero-energy cosmic field permeating all of space and it is composed of real states, called kenons (κενο = vacuum). Photons are local oscillations of kenons guided by a non-local vector potential wave function with quantized amplitude. They propagate at the speed imposed by the vacuum electric permittivity ε<sub>0</sub> and magnetic permeability μ<sub>0</sub>, which are intrinsic properties of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum. The electron-positron elementary charge derives naturally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and is related to the photon vector potential. We establish the masse-charge equivalence relation showing that the masses of all particles (leptons, mesons, baryons) and antiparticles are states of the elementary charges and their magnetic moments. The equivalence between Newton’s gravitational law and Coulomb’s electrostatic law results naturally. In addition, we show that the gravitational constant G is expressed explicitly through the electromagnetic quantum vacuum constants putting in evidence the electromagnetic nature of gravity. We draw that G is the same for matter and antimatter but gravitational forces should be repulsive between particles and antiparticles because their masses bear naturally opposite signs. The electromagnetic quantum vacuum appears to be the natural link between quantum electrodynamics, particle physics, gravitation and cosmology and constitutes a basic step towards a unified field theory. Dark Energy and Dark Matter might originate from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum fluctuations. The calculated electromagnetic vacuum energy density, related to the cosmological constant considered responsible for the cosmic acceleration, is in good agreement with the astrophysical observations. The cosmic acceleration may be due to both “quantum vacuum fluctuations” and “matter-antimatter gravitational repelling”. All the above results are established without stating any assumptions or postulates. Next, we advance two hypotheses with cosmological impact. The first is based on the possibility that gravitation is due to the electromagnetic quantum vacuum density of states fluctuations giving rise to a photon pressure at the characteristic collective oscillation frequencies of the charge densities composing the bodies (Electromagnetic Push Gravity). The second advances that energy, matter and antimatter in the universe emerge spontaneously from the quantum vacuum fluctuations as residues that remain stable in space and we present the main principles upon which a new cosmological model may be developed overcoming the well-known Big Bang issues.
文摘A universe consisting of protons, neutrons, and electrons with electrical neutrality is consistent with an equal number of c and preons, assuming the rishon preon theory of Shupe and Harari. Similarly, a universe consisting of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons with electrical neutrality is consistent with an equal number of c and preons. Hence, any combination of such matter-antimatter compositions is also consistent with an equal number of c and preons and overall electrical neutrality. It is proposed that the difference observed in baryon-antibaryon number density relative to photon number density, ~5 × 10<sup>-10</sup>, is due to allocation of preons between matter and antimatter during preon condensation into normal matter. Three approaches of increasing rigor and complexity are considered: 1) an allocation at times corresponding to the Planck temperature due to fluctuations, 2) an allocation at times corresponding to quark formation due to preon bonding, and 3) an allocation at times corresponding to the electroweak scale. All approaches can give the correct order of magnitude of the asymmetry assuming out-of-equili-brium freeze-out and a slight and allowed charge (C) asymmetry in preon condensation in a self-consistent quantum field theory. Sakharov’s baryon non-conservation condition is evidently circumvented with these approaches, because they assume another level of matter (preons) which is present before quark formation. Thus, preons can provide an elementary explanation of primordial matter-antimatter asymmetry. A relationship between Higgs boson states and preons is proposed.
文摘In the present letter we discuss novel possible applications and implications of the formation of exotic atomic and molecular structures composed of particles and antiparticles. Particularly, we argue that huge amount of energy could be produced as a result of matter-antimatter cold fusion. Crucial questions raised concerning the fate of particles and antiparticles produced by the big bang are addressed. Assumptions of possible existence of two kinds of gravity and masses of different signs are proposed.
文摘This explanation of the origin of the universe, dark energy, and dark matter is based on quantum mechanics, general relativity, thermodynamics, and Shannon information theory. It envisions our universe beginning with a quantum fluctuation from nothing into an unstable closed space with our familiar three space dimensions accompanied by seven extra space dimensions, the four basic forces unified, and initial radius of the order of the proton wavelength. The compact extra dimensions collapsed to their ground state with radius of the order of today’s Planck length, injecting most of the entropy (information) in the extra dimensions into our three space dimensions and inflating them by a factor of about e58≈1025. The constant ground state energy of the compact extra dimensions is related to the dark energy (vacuum energy) driving today’s accelerating expansion of our three-dimensional universe. With the usual values of G, , c, and Hubble constant? h0=0.65, the dark energy fraction is ≈0.7. Immediately after inflation, the strong force acting only on matter was an effective “strong gravity” (about 1038 times stronger than gravity today) causing 83% of matter to coalesce into small impenetrable closed systems interacting only by gravity and constituting most of the dark matter. Other universes may have formed similarly in the infinite sweep of cosmic time, but are of no practical significance because they are profoundly elsewhere. The holographic principle (a consequence of quantum mechanics, general relativity, thermodynamics, and Shannon information theory) indicates only a finite number (about 10122) of bits of information encoded on the event horizon will ever be available to describe all physics within our universe. There are no sources or sinks of information outside the universe, so the universe must be described as a closed system. Matter dominance over anti-matter relates to the finite number of bits of information in the universe, as does the fact that theories involving continuum mathematics only approximate an underlying theory involving discrete mathematics. Ordinary matter constitutes only about 5% of the energy density of the universe. Holographic analysis of large scale structures composed of stars accounts for: minimum stellar mass as a function of time;the hierarchy of star clusters, galaxies, and galaxy clusters;and supermassive black holes. It identifies configurations of spiral and elliptical galaxies consistent with conservation of mass and angular momentum accounting for the 15% of bulgeless disks found in the survey of 15,000 spiral galaxies in the sixth SDSS data release. The smallest scale structures are usually described by the Standard Model of elementary particles, based on local quantum field theory. The Standard Model cannot be the final theory of elementary particles because: it incorrectly assumes neutrinos are massless;it cannot account for the bizarre mass spectrum of three generations of four Standard Model fermions;and does not provide the necessary non-local discrete theory of elementary particles. A holographic (and therefore non-local) preon theory involving strands with finite energy density instead of point particles can be outlined, but calculation in such a framework is difficult and gives no insight into the fermion mass spectrum.
文摘We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it should be possible to measure arbitrarily small intervals of space and time, but we ignore if that is true or not. It is thus more realistic to consider an extremely small “quantum of length” of yet unknown value <em>a</em>. It is only required to be a universal constant for all inertial frames, like<em> c</em> and <em>h</em>. This yields a logically consistent theory and accounts for elementary particles by means of four new quantum numbers. They define “particle states” in terms of modulations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space-time. The resulting classification of elementary particles accounts also for dark matter. Antiparticles are redefined, without needing negative energy states and recently observed “anomalies” can be explained.
文摘The accelerated expansion of our universe results from properties of dark matter particles deduced from Space-Time Quantization. This theory accounts for all possible elementary particles by considering a quantum of length a in addition to c and h. It appears that dark matter particles allow for fusion and fission processes. The resulting equilibrium enables the cosmic dark matter gas to produce dark energy in an adaptive way. It keeps the combined matter-energy density at a constant level, even when space is expanding. This accounts for the cosmological constant Λand the accelerated expansion of space without requiring any negative pressure. The Big Bang is related to G, c, h and a. It started with a “primeval photon” and led to the cosmic matter-antimatter asymmetry as well as inflation.
文摘For surplus quarks (and baryons) to emerge after Big Bang, a nonequilibrium binding and superconductor-like condensation of quark-antiquark pairs must occur before the electroweak (EW) symmetry breakdown (similar for leptons). The formerly unknown dimensionless coupling to the Ginsburg-Landau like potential and the scale parameter in the EW theory then become microscopic functions of the massive quark and antiquark fields, thus defining the matter-antimatter asymmetry and the dark matter content in the Universe at correct orders of magnitude. Thereby also the number of free parameters in the Standard Model is reduced.
文摘A chemical non-equilibrium form of the superconductor like potential in the EW theory has been derived. It is obtained from the rate-equation for binding of fermions (quarks) to antifermions (antiquarks) and the spatial correlations for such pairs. In this model, the dimensionless coupling becomes a function of the fermion and antifermion field amplitudes, providing a measure of the matter-antimatter asymmetry from which the ratio between ordinary mass and dark mass is obtained. The dark mass becomes related to the Higgs boson mass and is estimated to about 192 GeV, which could be consistent with a signal observed from the Milky Way.
文摘Some fundamental physical quantities need an alternative description. We derive the word average value of interaction coupling constant α<sub>s</sub>(m<sub>z</sub>) from the observed maximum galactic rotation velocity by the simple relation , where is the velocity, at which the difference between galactic rotation velocity and Thomas precession is equal, and α is Sommerfeld’s constant. The result is in excellent agreement with the value of α<sub>s</sub> = 0.1170 ± 0.0019, recently measured and verified via QCE analysis by CERN researchers. One can formulate a reciprocity relation, connecting α<sub>s</sub> with the circle constant: . It is the merit of Preston Guynn to derive the Milky Way maximum value of the galactic rotation velocity β<sub>g</sub>, pointing to its “extremely important role in all physics”. The mass (energy) constituents of the Universe follow a golden mean hierarchy and can simply be related to the maximum of Guynn’s difference velocity respectively to α<sub>s</sub>(m<sub>z</sub>), therewith excellently confirming Bouchet’s WMAP data analysis. We conclude once more that the golden mean concept is the leading one of nature.
文摘Flat, straight sheets of paper, standing vertically on edge cannot support any load placed upon their top edge, but once formed into fractal tube conic sections, they have been measured to support up to 97.52 (± 2.27) kilograms (215 (± 5) pounds) of weight with strength-per-weight ratio up to 10,336 (± 240). So, strength has been discovered to be an emergent characteristic arising solely from addition of intelligent order. It is proposed to impose such intelligent order upon, preferably, at least 6 laser beams by focusing each of them to form cones of light, arranging the cones to form a wall of a larger fractal cone, and converging all of them to a common focal point inside a vacuum chamber to give them sufficient strength near this focal point to attract, hold, and move neutral antimatter, preferably anti-lithium. This opens the new field of structural engineering of light and re-defines the concept of strength. Means of cancelling out radiation pressure by reflection of laser beams back to the common focal point are proposed to enable laser confinement of particles having low polarizability, such as anti-hydrogen. Counter-circulation of light by reflection at grazing incidence is proposed as a means of returning escaping antimatter back to the common focal point containment area. Means are proposed to inject a stream of matter into the contained antimatter to create a matter-antimatter reactor and propulsion engine. Since anti-lithium is not available, yet, means are proposed to test these structures by confining ordinary lithium, instead, and by hitting it with anti-protons and/or positrons. Means are proposed to modulate the matter-antimatter reaction with information to create modulated gravitational waves for communication. The proposed structures would enable efficient, stable, safe confinement of antimatter, which would allow better study of antimatter, and make possible renewable, clean, safe, matter-antimatter reactor generators and propulsion engines, antimatter-assisted fusion reactors, and modulated gravitational wave generators.
文摘We study coherent active-sterile neutrino oscillations as a possible source of leptogenesis. To this end, we add 3 gauge invariant Weyl_R neutrinos to the Standard Model with both Dirac and Majorana type mass terms. We find that the measured active neutrino masses and mixings, and successful baryogenesis via leptogenesis, may be achieved with fine-tuning, if at least one of the sterile neutrinos has a mass in the approximate range 0.14 to 1.1 GeV.
基金Supported by NNSFC(11325525)National Recruitment Program for Young ProfessionalsCAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)
文摘In the framework of the canonical seesaw model,we present a simple but viable scenario to explicitly break an S3L×S3R flavor symmetry in the leptonic sector.It turns out that the leptonic flavor mixing matrix is completely determined by the mass ratios of the charged leptons（i.e.,me/mμand mμ/mτ） and those of light neutrinos（i.e.,m1/m2 and m2/m3）.The latest global-fit results of the three neutrino mixing angles {θ12,θ13,θ23}and two neutrino mass-squared differences {？m212,？m312} at the 3σ level are used to constrain the parameter space of {m1/m2,m2/m3}.The predictions for the mass spectrum and flavor mixing are highlighted：（1） the neutrino mass spectrum shows a hierarchical pattern and a normal ordering,e.g.,m1≈2.2meV,m2≈8.8 meV and m3≈52.7 meV;（2） only the first octant of θ23 is allowed,namely,41.8？ θ23 43.3？;（3） the Dirac C P-violating phase δ ≈-22？deviates significantly from the maximal value-90？.All these predictions are ready to be tested in ongoing and forthcoming neutrino oscillation experiments.Moreover,we demonstrate that the cosmological matter-antimatter asymmetry can be explained via resonant leptogenesis,including the individual lepton-flavor effects.In our scenario,leptonic C P violation at low-and high-energy scales is closely connected.
