The two-dimensional gravity model with a coupling constant and a vanishing cosmological constant coupled to a nonlinear matter field is investigated. We found that the classical equations of motion are exactly solvab...The two-dimensional gravity model with a coupling constant and a vanishing cosmological constant coupled to a nonlinear matter field is investigated. We found that the classical equations of motion are exactly solvable and the static solutions of the induced metric and scalar curvature can be obtained analytically. These solutions may be used to describe the naked singularity at the origin.展开更多
Complex Field Theory (CFT) proposes that dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are pervasive, complex fields of charged complex masses of equally positive and negative complex charges, respectively. It proposes that e...Complex Field Theory (CFT) proposes that dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are pervasive, complex fields of charged complex masses of equally positive and negative complex charges, respectively. It proposes that each material object, including living creatures, is concomitant with a fraction of the charged complex masses of DM and DE in proportion to its mass. This perception provides new insights into the physics of nature and its constituents from subatomic to cosmic scales. This complex nature of DM and DE explains our inability to see DM or harvest DE for the last several decades. The positive complex DM is responsible for preserving the integrity of galaxies and all material systems. The negative complex charged DE induces a positive repelling force with the positively charged DM and contributes to the universe’s expansion. Both fields are Lorentz invariants in all directions and entangle the whole universe. The paper uses CFT to investigate zero-point energy, particle-wave duality, relativistic mass increase, and entanglement phenomenon and unifies Coulomb’s and Newton’s laws. The paper also verifies the existence of tachyons and explains the spooky action of quantum mechanics at a distance. The paper encourages further research into how CFT might resolve several physical mysteries in physics.展开更多
It is proposed that the digital space structure consists of attachment space (denoted as 1) for rest mass and detachment space (denoted as 0) for kinetic energy. Attachment space attaches to object permanently with ze...It is proposed that the digital space structure consists of attachment space (denoted as 1) for rest mass and detachment space (denoted as 0) for kinetic energy. Attachment space attaches to object permanently with zero speed, and detachment space detaches from the object at the speed of light. The combination of attachment space and detachment space brings about the three structures: binary lattice space, miscible space, and binary partition space. Binary lattice space, (1 0)n, consists of repetitive units of alternative attachment space and detachment space. In miscible space, attachment space is miscible to detachment space without separation. Binary partition space, (1)n(0)n, consists of separated continuous phases of attachment space and detachment space. Binary lattice space, miscible space, and binary partition space constitute quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the extreme force fields, respectively. Through the detachment space, a higher dimensional particle in attachment space is sliced into infinitely surrounding a lower dimensional core attachment space, resulting in a particle surrounding by gauge field in the form of binary lattice space. The 10d particle can be sliced into 9d, 8d, 7d, 6d, 5d, and 4d particles equally by mass, corresponding to baryonic particle as 4d and dark matter as other 5 particles, so the ratio between baryonic matter and dark matter is 1 to 5, in agreement with the observed ratio. At extreme conditions, such as extremely low temperature, the gauge force field in the form of binary lattice space is transformed into the extreme force field in the form of binary partition space to explain extreme phenomena, such as superconductivity.展开更多
In this work, the author applied the universal gauge field theory and Noether theorem to prove that universality exists for the Lorentz and Levi-Civita law of conservation of energy momentum tensor density. We also fo...In this work, the author applied the universal gauge field theory and Noether theorem to prove that universality exists for the Lorentz and Levi-Civita law of conservation of energy momentum tensor density. We also found that this conservation law has profound implications in physics. For example, based on this law, one can explore the origin of the matter field, and propose a new view about what is “dark energy” and what is “dark matter”.展开更多
We study the stability properties of magnetized strange quark matter and strangelets under a strong magnetic field in the MIT bag model. The free energy per baryon of strange quark matter feels a great influence from ...We study the stability properties of magnetized strange quark matter and strangelets under a strong magnetic field in the MIT bag model. The free energy per baryon of strange quark matter feels a great influence from the magnetic field. At the field strength about 1017 G, the magnetized strange quark matter becomes more stable.Considering the finite size effect, the magnetic influence on strangelets becomes complicated. For a given magnetic field, there exists a critical baryon number, below which the magnetized strangelets have lower energy than the nonmagnetized strangelets. For the field strength of 5 × 1017 G, the critical baryon number is Ac～ 100. Generally, the critical baryon number increases with the decreasing external magnetic field. When the field strength is smaller than1017 G, the critical baryon number goes up to Ac～ 105. The stable radius, electric charge, and quark flavor fractions of magnetized strangelets are shown.展开更多
We used the Cornwall, Jackiw and Tomboulis （CJT） resummation scheme to study nuclear matter. In the CJT formalism the meson propagators are treated as the bare propagators and the the higher order loop corrections o...We used the Cornwall, Jackiw and Tomboulis （CJT） resummation scheme to study nuclear matter. In the CJT formalism the meson propagators are treated as the bare propagators and the the higher order loop corrections of the thermodynamic potential are evaluated at the Hartree approximation, while the vacuum fluctuations are ignored. Under these treatments in the CJT formalism we derived exact mean-field theory （MFT） results for the nuclear matter. The results are thermodynamically consistent, and our study indicates that the MFT result is the lowest order resummation result in the CJT resummation scheme. The relation between CJT formalism and MFT is clearly presented through the calculations.展开更多
The model of dark matter is presented where the dark matter is a classical gauge field. A spherical symmetric solution of Yang-Mills equation is obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the gauge fields and matter density...The model of dark matter is presented where the dark matter is a classical gauge field. A spherical symmetric solution of Yang-Mills equation is obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the gauge fields and matter density is investigated. It is shown that the distribution of the matter density allows us interpret it as the dark matter. The fitting of a typical rotational curve with the rotational curve created by the spherical solution of SU(3) Yang-Mills equation is展开更多
In contemporary physics, there is an observed discrepancy in the mass calculations used to determine the strength of celestial gravitational fields. Therefore, physics is searching for dark matter candidate particles,...In contemporary physics, there is an observed discrepancy in the mass calculations used to determine the strength of celestial gravitational fields. Therefore, physics is searching for dark matter candidate particles, such as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and axions, while attempting to modify Newtonian dynamics and the law of universal gravitation. Inspired by the classical theories of electric and magnetic field mass-energy calculations, the present work proposes a new theoretical attempt to explore the dark matter in the universe and challenge theories that modify Newtonian dynamics and the law of universal gravitation. Like the formulas for calculating the mass-energy density of electric and magnetic fields, Newtonian static gravitational fields also have a mass-energy density. The matter in the gravitational field will also generate a new gravitational field and thus derive the formula for calculating the mass-energy of matter in the gravitational field. In this way, the gravitational mass-energy of celestial bodies should consider the ordinary visible matter and invisible matter of the gravitational field. The strength of a gravitational field is a vector, and the mass-energy density of a gravitational field is proportional to the square of its strength. The greater the strength of the gravitational field, the greater the mass-energy density of the gravitational field at that location. Assuming that ordinary matter is distributed uniformly within a sphere, it deduces that the mass-energy of the celestial body is not only related to that of ordinary matter but also to its structure. The higher the celestial structure factor of that body, the greater the mass-energy density of matter in the gravitational field inside and outside the body.展开更多
The drought in spring leads to the lack of soil water, which influents sprout and bud of crops, which furthermore affects growth and yield of crops. Studying the technology integration of bed-irrigating sowing, the me...The drought in spring leads to the lack of soil water, which influents sprout and bud of crops, which furthermore affects growth and yield of crops. Studying the technology integration of bed-irrigating sowing, the mending irrigation of seedling stage and the effect of water-saving of ridge plotted field, analyzing the finger of yield and dry matter accumulation, water-saving technology integration have good effects on water-saving, water storage and increasing moisture on soil and enhancement of soybean yield.展开更多
Soil organic matter （SOM） content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to in...Soil organic matter （SOM） content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to investigate the effects of topography and land use type on SOM content. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data and the kriging method was applied to map the spatial patterns of SOM content. The results showed that the mean SOM content was 32.76 g/kg, with a variation coefficient of 40%. The SOM content was affected by elevation and land use type. As the increase of elevation, the SOM content in Hani terraced field also increased obviously. The SOM content in tea garden, which is almost at high elevation, was the highest in all six land use types, and the SOM content decreased in a following sequence： tea garden 〉 paddy field 〉 corn field 〉 banana garden 〉 cassava field 〉 sugarcane field. In addition, at the same elevation, the paddy field had the highest SOM content compared with other land use types. All these results demonstrate that paddy field is the most efficient and suitable land use type for SOM conservation at high, middle or low elevations in the fragile Hani terraced field. In order to protect soil quality and maintain the sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to maintain or even to enlarge the area of paddy field in Yuanyang county, Yunnan Province, China.展开更多
Considering the interaction between the electromagnetic field and matter field, a concise method is used to calculate the ground-state energy of the interacting system. With the assumption of squeezed-like state, a ne...Considering the interaction between the electromagnetic field and matter field, a concise method is used to calculate the ground-state energy of the interacting system. With the assumption of squeezed-like state, a new vacuum state is obtained for the inte racting system. The energy of the new vacuum state is obviously lower than that of unperturbed vacu um state. Based on the new vacuum state, the correction to the Casimir force is obtained. The r esult shows that the contribution of the interaction is a repulsive one and the Casimir effect is attributed to both electromagnetic field and matter field. On the basis of the obtained results, th e recent experimental data can be explained reasonably.展开更多
In order to reveal the mechanics of composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter, a composite regeneration model by coupling cerium-based additive and microwav...In order to reveal the mechanics of composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter, a composite regeneration model by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter was established based on field synergy theory. Performance evaluation on field synergy and composite regeneration of the diesel particulate filter was conducted by using the vortex crushing combustion and field synergy mathematical models. The results show that the peak temperature of the particulate filter body reaches 1180-1190 K when the regeneration time is 175 s, and there are optimal coordination degree between the velocity vector and temperature gradient of the filter body and the maximum ratio0.56-0.60 of the best burning regeneration region is obtained. Accordingly, the largest regeneration combustion rate inside the particulate filter body and the highest regeneration efficiency at the moment are achieved.展开更多
Apparent softening of the symmetry energy with the inclusion of hyperon and quark degrees of freedom is demonstrated by the fact that the phase transition causes the change of the interaction and the suppression of nu...Apparent softening of the symmetry energy with the inclusion of hyperon and quark degrees of freedom is demonstrated by the fact that the phase transition causes the change of the interaction and the suppression of nucleon fractions.The demonstration is fulfilled in the relativistic mean-field model.展开更多
We hypothesize that 100% of the energy of our cosmic system is held by a physically real Complex Tension Field (CTF). We are using an old methodology of thinking used by our forefather engineers long before the advent...We hypothesize that 100% of the energy of our cosmic system is held by a physically real Complex Tension Field (CTF). We are using an old methodology of thinking used by our forefather engineers long before the advent of modern scientific thinking. We call it Interaction Process Mapping Epistemology or IPM-E. We apply this IPM-E on to the prevailing Measurable Data Modeling Epistemology or MDM-E. This approach helped us analyze the “Measurement Problem”, recognized during the rise of quantum mechanics (QM), and helped us recover a universal property of all linear waves, that they do not interact, or interfere, with each other. This Non-Interaction of Waves, or the NIW-property, should be obvious through daily observations and through the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and through critical evaluation of contradictory hypotheses we have been assigning to photons through ages. This implicates that the time-frequency Fourier theorem, although mathematically correct, and is used universally in all branches of science;does not map the real physical interaction processes for most optical phenomena. Accordingly, we present the necessary modifications for a few selected phenomena in classical and quantum optics to validate the NIW-property. In the process we find that accepting photons as non-interacting, but diffractively propagating linear wave packets crossing the entire cosmic space, requires CTF as a physical medium. Then we develop logical arguments in support of stable elementary particles as nonlinear but resonant vortex-like undulations of this same CTF. These vortex-like particles impose various secondary potential gradients around themselves giving rise to the four forces we know. Thus, CTF can serve as the cosmic substrate to develop a unified field theory without the need of dark matter and dark energy. In the process, we demonstrate a path to add ontologic thinking on our biologically successful epistemic thinking.展开更多
The deconfinement phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter in the interior of compact stars is investigated. The hadronic phase is described in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory, where the s...The deconfinement phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter in the interior of compact stars is investigated. The hadronic phase is described in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory, where the scalar-isovector 6-meson effec- tive field is also taken into account. The MIT bag model for describing a quark phase is used. The changes of the parameters of phase transition caused by the presence of a δ-meson field are explored. Finally, alterations in the integral and structural parameters of hybrid stars due to both a deconfinement phase transition and inclusion of a δ-meson field are discussed.展开更多
We investigate the quark matter in a strong magnetic field in the framework of SU(2) NJL model with a magnetic-field-dependent coupling. The spin polarization, the entropy per baryon, and the energy are studied by ana...We investigate the quark matter in a strong magnetic field in the framework of SU(2) NJL model with a magnetic-field-dependent coupling. The spin polarization, the entropy per baryon, and the energy are studied by analyzing the competition of the magnetic effect and the thermal effect. The stronger magnetic field can enhance the spin polarization, arrange quarks in a uniform spin orientation, and change the energy per baryon drastically. However,it can hardly affect the entropy per baryon, which is dominated by the temperature. As the temperature increases, more quarks will be excited from the lowest Landau level up to higher Landau levels.展开更多
The opening and many years of research of magnetic spinor particles (real magnetic charges) in atoms and substance have enabled the author to formulate the conception of the Physical Triad, according which the real Wo...The opening and many years of research of magnetic spinor particles (real magnetic charges) in atoms and substance have enabled the author to formulate the conception of the Physical Triad, according which the real World consists of three fundamental phases: Matter, Antimatter and Energo-phase (Energo-medium). Particles of Matter are called spinors and particles of Antimatter are called antispinors. Energo-medium is a gasiform phase of high density that fills by himself all the infinite space of the real World. It consists of spinless and massless particles-energions. Spinor fields can be both flows energions (fields of Matter), so and anti-flow energions (fields of Antimatter). Atomic-shaped structures consisting of electric and magnetic spinor particles represent a Physical Mass (atoms, nucleons, etc.). The main characteristic of all varieties of Mass is its ability radiate gravitational field, which is a vortex electromagnetic field. All spinor particles are massless so as individually generate a gravitational field they can’t. All primary forces in the real World are implemented by means of Energo-medium, i.e. contact pressure its particles—energions. The spinor fields, including the gravitational field, myself the real of the power significance, have not. They are only intermediaries, inducing in Energo-medium its active (power) education, which is called “Dark Energy”. “Dark Energy” can be both positive, so and negative. Namely, a positive “Dark Energy”, which is associated with the technical activity of man, is responsible for stable climatic changes on Earth. Greenhouse gases are not the main “culprit” of climatic changes on our planet. However, these gases are the simplest indicator of the overall level of irreversible physical processes that stimulate the growth of the positive “Dark Energy” and are responsible for the negative thermal scenario on Earth.展开更多
A dark matter mechanism within the framework of the standard model (SM) of particle physics is proposed in this article that the essence of dark matter may be the excited virtual particle field by the gravitational fi...A dark matter mechanism within the framework of the standard model (SM) of particle physics is proposed in this article that the essence of dark matter may be the excited virtual particle field by the gravitational field of ordinary matter, which contains virtual photons, virtual positive and negative electron pairs, virtual gluons, virtual positive and negative quark pairs, virtual neutrinos etc. In this mechanism, there are two basic assumptions: 1) the stronger the gravitational field of ordinary matter, the greater the excited energy (mass) density of virtual particle field;2) The excited virtual particle field is generally very weak in self-interaction. The virtual particle field excited by gravity can exhibit the properties of dark matter and may become a dark matter candidate. Based on this new dark matter mechanism, the hydrodynamic equations and cosmic perturbation equations describing cosmic matter are improved, and this may be meaningful for solving the challenges faced by the standard cosmological model (Lambda-CDM or LCDM) and developing and perfecting LCDM model.展开更多
Axion-like particles(ALPs) are a promising kind of dark matter candidate particle that are predicted to couple with photons in the presence of magnetic fields. The oscillations between photons and ALPs traveling in th...Axion-like particles(ALPs) are a promising kind of dark matter candidate particle that are predicted to couple with photons in the presence of magnetic fields. The oscillations between photons and ALPs traveling in the magnetic fields have been used to constrain ALP properties. In this work, we obtain some new constraints on the ALP mass ma and the photon-ALP coupling constant g with two different magnetic field models through TeV photons from PKS 2155–304. The first is the discrete-Φ model in which the magnetic field has the orientation angle Φ that changes discretely and randomly from one coherent domain to the next, and the second is the linearly-continuous-Φ model in which the magnetic field orientation angle Φ varies continuously across neighboring coherent domains. For the discrete-Φ model, we can obtain the best constraints on the ALP mass m1 = ma/(1 neV)= 0.1 and on the photon-ALP coupling constant g11= g/(10^-11 GeV^-1)= 5. The reasonable range of the ALP mass m1 is 0.08 ~ 0.2 when g11 = 5,and the only reasonable value of the photon-ALP coupling constant is g11 = 5 when m1 = 0.1. For the linearly-continuous-Φ model, we can obtain the best constraints on the ALP mass m1 = 0.1 and on the photon-ALP coupling constant g11 = 0.7. The reasonable range of the ALP mass m1 is 0.05 ~ 0.4 when g11= 0.7, and the reasonable range of the photon-ALP coupling constant g11 is 0.5 ~ 1 when m1 = 0.1.All of the results are consistent with the upper bound(g < 6.6 × 10^-11 GeV^-1, i.e., g11 < 6.6) set by the CAST experiment.展开更多
For deeper understanding the process of baryonic matter evolution in the expanding Universe it is necessary to know the physical property of concrete field that represents the background of substrate type of dark ener...For deeper understanding the process of baryonic matter evolution in the expanding Universe it is necessary to know the physical property of concrete field that represents the background of substrate type of dark energy. Beside, it is necessary to explore in details the influence of such field on the continuous medium of baryonic matter. These statements were realized for the quintessence field that describes by two gravitating scalar fields. They give own contributions at the total pressure and at the total mass density of baryonic matter. It allowed show that evolution of baryonic matter’s density perturbations obeys the equation of forced oscillations and admits the resonance case, when amplitude of baryonic matter’s density perturbations gets the strong short-time splash. This splash interprets as a new macroscopic mechanism of the initial matter density perturbations appearance.展开更多
文摘The two-dimensional gravity model with a coupling constant and a vanishing cosmological constant coupled to a nonlinear matter field is investigated. We found that the classical equations of motion are exactly solvable and the static solutions of the induced metric and scalar curvature can be obtained analytically. These solutions may be used to describe the naked singularity at the origin.
文摘Complex Field Theory (CFT) proposes that dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are pervasive, complex fields of charged complex masses of equally positive and negative complex charges, respectively. It proposes that each material object, including living creatures, is concomitant with a fraction of the charged complex masses of DM and DE in proportion to its mass. This perception provides new insights into the physics of nature and its constituents from subatomic to cosmic scales. This complex nature of DM and DE explains our inability to see DM or harvest DE for the last several decades. The positive complex DM is responsible for preserving the integrity of galaxies and all material systems. The negative complex charged DE induces a positive repelling force with the positively charged DM and contributes to the universe’s expansion. Both fields are Lorentz invariants in all directions and entangle the whole universe. The paper uses CFT to investigate zero-point energy, particle-wave duality, relativistic mass increase, and entanglement phenomenon and unifies Coulomb’s and Newton’s laws. The paper also verifies the existence of tachyons and explains the spooky action of quantum mechanics at a distance. The paper encourages further research into how CFT might resolve several physical mysteries in physics.
文摘It is proposed that the digital space structure consists of attachment space (denoted as 1) for rest mass and detachment space (denoted as 0) for kinetic energy. Attachment space attaches to object permanently with zero speed, and detachment space detaches from the object at the speed of light. The combination of attachment space and detachment space brings about the three structures: binary lattice space, miscible space, and binary partition space. Binary lattice space, (1 0)n, consists of repetitive units of alternative attachment space and detachment space. In miscible space, attachment space is miscible to detachment space without separation. Binary partition space, (1)n(0)n, consists of separated continuous phases of attachment space and detachment space. Binary lattice space, miscible space, and binary partition space constitute quantum mechanics, special relativity, and the extreme force fields, respectively. Through the detachment space, a higher dimensional particle in attachment space is sliced into infinitely surrounding a lower dimensional core attachment space, resulting in a particle surrounding by gauge field in the form of binary lattice space. The 10d particle can be sliced into 9d, 8d, 7d, 6d, 5d, and 4d particles equally by mass, corresponding to baryonic particle as 4d and dark matter as other 5 particles, so the ratio between baryonic matter and dark matter is 1 to 5, in agreement with the observed ratio. At extreme conditions, such as extremely low temperature, the gauge force field in the form of binary lattice space is transformed into the extreme force field in the form of binary partition space to explain extreme phenomena, such as superconductivity.
文摘In this work, the author applied the universal gauge field theory and Noether theorem to prove that universality exists for the Lorentz and Levi-Civita law of conservation of energy momentum tensor density. We also found that this conservation law has profound implications in physics. For example, based on this law, one can explore the origin of the matter field, and propose a new view about what is “dark energy” and what is “dark matter”.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11475110 and 11005071the Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.2011011001-1
文摘We study the stability properties of magnetized strange quark matter and strangelets under a strong magnetic field in the MIT bag model. The free energy per baryon of strange quark matter feels a great influence from the magnetic field. At the field strength about 1017 G, the magnetized strange quark matter becomes more stable.Considering the finite size effect, the magnetic influence on strangelets becomes complicated. For a given magnetic field, there exists a critical baryon number, below which the magnetized strangelets have lower energy than the nonmagnetized strangelets. For the field strength of 5 × 1017 G, the critical baryon number is Ac～ 100. Generally, the critical baryon number increases with the decreasing external magnetic field. When the field strength is smaller than1017 G, the critical baryon number goes up to Ac～ 105. The stable radius, electric charge, and quark flavor fractions of magnetized strangelets are shown.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.10905018,10875050)
文摘We used the Cornwall, Jackiw and Tomboulis （CJT） resummation scheme to study nuclear matter. In the CJT formalism the meson propagators are treated as the bare propagators and the the higher order loop corrections of the thermodynamic potential are evaluated at the Hartree approximation, while the vacuum fluctuations are ignored. Under these treatments in the CJT formalism we derived exact mean-field theory （MFT） results for the nuclear matter. The results are thermodynamically consistent, and our study indicates that the MFT result is the lowest order resummation result in the CJT resummation scheme. The relation between CJT formalism and MFT is clearly presented through the calculations.
文摘The model of dark matter is presented where the dark matter is a classical gauge field. A spherical symmetric solution of Yang-Mills equation is obtained. The asymptotic behavior of the gauge fields and matter density is investigated. It is shown that the distribution of the matter density allows us interpret it as the dark matter. The fitting of a typical rotational curve with the rotational curve created by the spherical solution of SU(3) Yang-Mills equation is
文摘In contemporary physics, there is an observed discrepancy in the mass calculations used to determine the strength of celestial gravitational fields. Therefore, physics is searching for dark matter candidate particles, such as weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and axions, while attempting to modify Newtonian dynamics and the law of universal gravitation. Inspired by the classical theories of electric and magnetic field mass-energy calculations, the present work proposes a new theoretical attempt to explore the dark matter in the universe and challenge theories that modify Newtonian dynamics and the law of universal gravitation. Like the formulas for calculating the mass-energy density of electric and magnetic fields, Newtonian static gravitational fields also have a mass-energy density. The matter in the gravitational field will also generate a new gravitational field and thus derive the formula for calculating the mass-energy of matter in the gravitational field. In this way, the gravitational mass-energy of celestial bodies should consider the ordinary visible matter and invisible matter of the gravitational field. The strength of a gravitational field is a vector, and the mass-energy density of a gravitational field is proportional to the square of its strength. The greater the strength of the gravitational field, the greater the mass-energy density of the gravitational field at that location. Assuming that ordinary matter is distributed uniformly within a sphere, it deduces that the mass-energy of the celestial body is not only related to that of ordinary matter but also to its structure. The higher the celestial structure factor of that body, the greater the mass-energy density of matter in the gravitational field inside and outside the body.
基金Nature Science Fund Project in Heilongjiang Province (C2004-10)
文摘The drought in spring leads to the lack of soil water, which influents sprout and bud of crops, which furthermore affects growth and yield of crops. Studying the technology integration of bed-irrigating sowing, the mending irrigation of seedling stage and the effect of water-saving of ridge plotted field, analyzing the finger of yield and dry matter accumulation, water-saving technology integration have good effects on water-saving, water storage and increasing moisture on soil and enhancement of soybean yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70973143)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (Grant No. Y5110259)
文摘Soil organic matter （SOM） content is one of the most important indicators of the sustainability of soil. To maintain sustainable soil utilization and management in fragile Hani terraced field, it is meaningful to investigate the effects of topography and land use type on SOM content. Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data and the kriging method was applied to map the spatial patterns of SOM content. The results showed that the mean SOM content was 32.76 g/kg, with a variation coefficient of 40%. The SOM content was affected by elevation and land use type. As the increase of elevation, the SOM content in Hani terraced field also increased obviously. The SOM content in tea garden, which is almost at high elevation, was the highest in all six land use types, and the SOM content decreased in a following sequence： tea garden 〉 paddy field 〉 corn field 〉 banana garden 〉 cassava field 〉 sugarcane field. In addition, at the same elevation, the paddy field had the highest SOM content compared with other land use types. All these results demonstrate that paddy field is the most efficient and suitable land use type for SOM conservation at high, middle or low elevations in the fragile Hani terraced field. In order to protect soil quality and maintain the sustainable agricultural development, it is necessary to maintain or even to enlarge the area of paddy field in Yuanyang county, Yunnan Province, China.
文摘Considering the interaction between the electromagnetic field and matter field, a concise method is used to calculate the ground-state energy of the interacting system. With the assumption of squeezed-like state, a new vacuum state is obtained for the inte racting system. The energy of the new vacuum state is obviously lower than that of unperturbed vacu um state. Based on the new vacuum state, the correction to the Casimir force is obtained. The r esult shows that the contribution of the interaction is a repulsive one and the Casimir effect is attributed to both electromagnetic field and matter field. On the basis of the obtained results, th e recent experimental data can be explained reasonably.
基金Projects(51176045,51276056)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(531105050037)supported by the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,ChinaProjects(201208430262,201306130031)supported by the National Studying Abroad Foundation Project of China
文摘In order to reveal the mechanics of composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter, a composite regeneration model by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter was established based on field synergy theory. Performance evaluation on field synergy and composite regeneration of the diesel particulate filter was conducted by using the vortex crushing combustion and field synergy mathematical models. The results show that the peak temperature of the particulate filter body reaches 1180-1190 K when the regeneration time is 175 s, and there are optimal coordination degree between the velocity vector and temperature gradient of the filter body and the maximum ratio0.56-0.60 of the best burning regeneration region is obtained. Accordingly, the largest regeneration combustion rate inside the particulate filter body and the highest regeneration efficiency at the moment are achieved.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) projects (Nos.10975033 and 11275048)
文摘Apparent softening of the symmetry energy with the inclusion of hyperon and quark degrees of freedom is demonstrated by the fact that the phase transition causes the change of the interaction and the suppression of nucleon fractions.The demonstration is fulfilled in the relativistic mean-field model.
文摘We hypothesize that 100% of the energy of our cosmic system is held by a physically real Complex Tension Field (CTF). We are using an old methodology of thinking used by our forefather engineers long before the advent of modern scientific thinking. We call it Interaction Process Mapping Epistemology or IPM-E. We apply this IPM-E on to the prevailing Measurable Data Modeling Epistemology or MDM-E. This approach helped us analyze the “Measurement Problem”, recognized during the rise of quantum mechanics (QM), and helped us recover a universal property of all linear waves, that they do not interact, or interfere, with each other. This Non-Interaction of Waves, or the NIW-property, should be obvious through daily observations and through the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and through critical evaluation of contradictory hypotheses we have been assigning to photons through ages. This implicates that the time-frequency Fourier theorem, although mathematically correct, and is used universally in all branches of science;does not map the real physical interaction processes for most optical phenomena. Accordingly, we present the necessary modifications for a few selected phenomena in classical and quantum optics to validate the NIW-property. In the process we find that accepting photons as non-interacting, but diffractively propagating linear wave packets crossing the entire cosmic space, requires CTF as a physical medium. Then we develop logical arguments in support of stable elementary particles as nonlinear but resonant vortex-like undulations of this same CTF. These vortex-like particles impose various secondary potential gradients around themselves giving rise to the four forces we know. Thus, CTF can serve as the cosmic substrate to develop a unified field theory without the need of dark matter and dark energy. In the process, we demonstrate a path to add ontologic thinking on our biologically successful epistemic thinking.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Republic of Armenia under grant 2008-130
文摘The deconfinement phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter in the interior of compact stars is investigated. The hadronic phase is described in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory, where the scalar-isovector 6-meson effec- tive field is also taken into account. The MIT bag model for describing a quark phase is used. The changes of the parameters of phase transition caused by the presence of a δ-meson field are explored. Finally, alterations in the integral and structural parameters of hybrid stars due to both a deconfinement phase transition and inclusion of a δ-meson field are discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11475110,11135011,and 11575190
文摘We investigate the quark matter in a strong magnetic field in the framework of SU(2) NJL model with a magnetic-field-dependent coupling. The spin polarization, the entropy per baryon, and the energy are studied by analyzing the competition of the magnetic effect and the thermal effect. The stronger magnetic field can enhance the spin polarization, arrange quarks in a uniform spin orientation, and change the energy per baryon drastically. However,it can hardly affect the entropy per baryon, which is dominated by the temperature. As the temperature increases, more quarks will be excited from the lowest Landau level up to higher Landau levels.
文摘The opening and many years of research of magnetic spinor particles (real magnetic charges) in atoms and substance have enabled the author to formulate the conception of the Physical Triad, according which the real World consists of three fundamental phases: Matter, Antimatter and Energo-phase (Energo-medium). Particles of Matter are called spinors and particles of Antimatter are called antispinors. Energo-medium is a gasiform phase of high density that fills by himself all the infinite space of the real World. It consists of spinless and massless particles-energions. Spinor fields can be both flows energions (fields of Matter), so and anti-flow energions (fields of Antimatter). Atomic-shaped structures consisting of electric and magnetic spinor particles represent a Physical Mass (atoms, nucleons, etc.). The main characteristic of all varieties of Mass is its ability radiate gravitational field, which is a vortex electromagnetic field. All spinor particles are massless so as individually generate a gravitational field they can’t. All primary forces in the real World are implemented by means of Energo-medium, i.e. contact pressure its particles—energions. The spinor fields, including the gravitational field, myself the real of the power significance, have not. They are only intermediaries, inducing in Energo-medium its active (power) education, which is called “Dark Energy”. “Dark Energy” can be both positive, so and negative. Namely, a positive “Dark Energy”, which is associated with the technical activity of man, is responsible for stable climatic changes on Earth. Greenhouse gases are not the main “culprit” of climatic changes on our planet. However, these gases are the simplest indicator of the overall level of irreversible physical processes that stimulate the growth of the positive “Dark Energy” and are responsible for the negative thermal scenario on Earth.
文摘A dark matter mechanism within the framework of the standard model (SM) of particle physics is proposed in this article that the essence of dark matter may be the excited virtual particle field by the gravitational field of ordinary matter, which contains virtual photons, virtual positive and negative electron pairs, virtual gluons, virtual positive and negative quark pairs, virtual neutrinos etc. In this mechanism, there are two basic assumptions: 1) the stronger the gravitational field of ordinary matter, the greater the excited energy (mass) density of virtual particle field;2) The excited virtual particle field is generally very weak in self-interaction. The virtual particle field excited by gravity can exhibit the properties of dark matter and may become a dark matter candidate. Based on this new dark matter mechanism, the hydrodynamic equations and cosmic perturbation equations describing cosmic matter are improved, and this may be meaningful for solving the challenges faced by the standard cosmological model (Lambda-CDM or LCDM) and developing and perfecting LCDM model.
文摘Axion-like particles(ALPs) are a promising kind of dark matter candidate particle that are predicted to couple with photons in the presence of magnetic fields. The oscillations between photons and ALPs traveling in the magnetic fields have been used to constrain ALP properties. In this work, we obtain some new constraints on the ALP mass ma and the photon-ALP coupling constant g with two different magnetic field models through TeV photons from PKS 2155–304. The first is the discrete-Φ model in which the magnetic field has the orientation angle Φ that changes discretely and randomly from one coherent domain to the next, and the second is the linearly-continuous-Φ model in which the magnetic field orientation angle Φ varies continuously across neighboring coherent domains. For the discrete-Φ model, we can obtain the best constraints on the ALP mass m1 = ma/(1 neV)= 0.1 and on the photon-ALP coupling constant g11= g/(10^-11 GeV^-1)= 5. The reasonable range of the ALP mass m1 is 0.08 ~ 0.2 when g11 = 5,and the only reasonable value of the photon-ALP coupling constant is g11 = 5 when m1 = 0.1. For the linearly-continuous-Φ model, we can obtain the best constraints on the ALP mass m1 = 0.1 and on the photon-ALP coupling constant g11 = 0.7. The reasonable range of the ALP mass m1 is 0.05 ~ 0.4 when g11= 0.7, and the reasonable range of the photon-ALP coupling constant g11 is 0.5 ~ 1 when m1 = 0.1.All of the results are consistent with the upper bound(g < 6.6 × 10^-11 GeV^-1, i.e., g11 < 6.6) set by the CAST experiment.
文摘For deeper understanding the process of baryonic matter evolution in the expanding Universe it is necessary to know the physical property of concrete field that represents the background of substrate type of dark energy. Beside, it is necessary to explore in details the influence of such field on the continuous medium of baryonic matter. These statements were realized for the quintessence field that describes by two gravitating scalar fields. They give own contributions at the total pressure and at the total mass density of baryonic matter. It allowed show that evolution of baryonic matter’s density perturbations obeys the equation of forced oscillations and admits the resonance case, when amplitude of baryonic matter’s density perturbations gets the strong short-time splash. This splash interprets as a new macroscopic mechanism of the initial matter density perturbations appearance.
