In 2012 a plot was established with 1-ha area in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China for examining local forest processes, structure and succession. A method of O-ring sta...In 2012 a plot was established with 1-ha area in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China for examining local forest processes, structure and succession. A method of O-ring statistics （pair- correlation function） was applied to analyze the spatial patterns and associations of the dominant species within different vertical layers. After the evaluation by their importance values, six tree species （or group） （i.e. Abies nephrolepis, Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis, Tilia amurensis, and species group of Betula ssp. and species group of Acer ssp.） were determined as dominant trees species. It was found that some of these species exhibited closely clustered distributions at fine distances. As spatial distance increased, a random or even regular distribution gradually appeared with the exception of the upper layers of A. nephrolepis and P. koraiensis, and the lower layers of P. jezoensis, P. koraiensis and Betula ssp., which were substantially randomly distributed. Intra- and inter-species spatial associations varied in accordance with species, tree height and reciprocal distances. Positive associations were observed between the lower and upper height classes of trees of the same species （except for that of P. jezoensis） at fine distances. This may be owing to limited seed dispersal and geological heterogeneity. The aggregation intensity declines with increasing distances and this consistent with the predictions of self-thinning. Some coniferous trees （e.g. Pinus koraiensis） in the lower height class were positively associated with T. amurensis and group of Betula ssp. of the upper height class at some distances, suggesting that saplings of coniferous trees occupy a broader niche and can grow well under the canopy of the adult of broad-leaved trees. Negative associations were observed between upper coniferous trees and lower broad-leaved trees and between upper P. jezoensis and lower P. koraiensis, suggesting that a canopy of these trees might not provide suitable environment for the survival, establishment, and growth of o lower individuals, corresponding well to Janzen-Connell hypothesis.展开更多
With the development of the aging society in China,the contradiction between the growing old people and the shortage of the elder care community has been increasingly sharp.How to reasonably and effectively establish ...With the development of the aging society in China,the contradiction between the growing old people and the shortage of the elder care community has been increasingly sharp.How to reasonably and effectively establish the elder care community becomes a problem that demanding prompt solution in China.This paper,starting from the most basic constituent factors of the elder care community,namely the concept,the configuration and the service,analyzes 6 types of the concept,redefines the type of the building configuration of the elder care community,and explains the types and levels of the service,which aims to guide the elder care community to deal with the relationship between the 3 factors with a view to providing a reference for the architectural design and standard preparation in the elder care community.展开更多
Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern ...Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern and associations of A.georgei var.smithii populations at different growth stages by using Ripley's L function for point pattern analysis.The diameter structure was a nearly reverse 'J' shape.The amount of saplings and medium-sized trees accounts for a large part of the entire population,suggesting a high regeneration rate and an expanding population.In the transition from saplings to medium trees or to large trees,saplings show a significant aggregation distribution at small scales,while medium trees and large trees show a random distribution.There are significant inverse associations between saplings and medium trees and large trees at small scales,while there are no obvious associations between medium trees and large trees.The natural regeneration was affected by interspecific competition,and it was also affected by intraspecific competition.The joint effects of biological characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the spatial distribution pattern and associations of this A.georgei var.sm ithii population.展开更多
Maximum frequent pattern generation from a large database of transactions and items for association rule mining is an important research topic in data mining. Association rule mining aims to discover interesting corre...Maximum frequent pattern generation from a large database of transactions and items for association rule mining is an important research topic in data mining. Association rule mining aims to discover interesting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or causal structures between items hidden in a large database. By exploiting quantum computing, we propose an efficient quantum search algorithm design to discover the maximum frequent patterns. We modified Grover’s search algorithm so that a subspace of arbitrary symmetric states is used instead of the whole search space. We presented a novel quantum oracle design that employs a quantum counter to count the maximum frequent items and a quantum comparator to check with a minimum support threshold. The proposed derived algorithm increases the rate of the correct solutions since the search is only in a subspace. Furthermore, our algorithm significantly scales and optimizes the required number of qubits in design, which directly reflected positively on the performance. Our proposed design can accommodate more transactions and items and still have a good performance with a small number of qubits.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates.Its occurrence and development are determined by many factors,including genetics,the environment,lifestyle,and so on.The occurrence of C...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates.Its occurrence and development are determined by many factors,including genetics,the environment,lifestyle,and so on.The occurrence of CRC is often accompanied by changes in the intestinal microenvironment.Numerous studies have focused on the association between dietary patterns,dietary components,and CRC now.This article reviews five different dietary patterns:the Western diet,the Mediterranean diet,the ketogenic diet,the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet,and fasting,and themechanistic associations between their food components and CRC.The finding can provide a reference for further studies on the association between different dietary patterns and CRC and will help clinicians formulate reasonable and feasible dietary interventions.展开更多
This paper explores the lexical association patterns of English as a second language and their relationship with language proficiency.Through the vocabulary association test,the study analyzes the differences in vocab...This paper explores the lexical association patterns of English as a second language and their relationship with language proficiency.Through the vocabulary association test,the study analyzes the differences in vocabulary association between learners with different language levels.The participants were 100 non-native English-speaking un-dergraduate students from a top 200 university,such as the University of Nottingham,and a university outside the top 200,such as the University of Aberdeen;the two groups of learners differed in their vocabulary size and learning style.It was found that the two groups of learners differed significantly in vocabulary size,language background,and learning experience.In addition,the study raises three core questions:first,learners’lexical association patterns,second,dif-ferences in association among learners with different language proficiency levels,and third,other variables that affect vocabulary association ability.The limitations of the study are that reaction time was not measured and the influence of native language background on word association was not fully considered;future research should further explore these aspects.展开更多
In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm, called FFP-Growth (shortfor fast FP-Growth) , to mine frequent itemsets. Similar to FP-Growth, FFP-Growth searches theFP-tree in the bottom-up order, but need not cons...In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm, called FFP-Growth (shortfor fast FP-Growth) , to mine frequent itemsets. Similar to FP-Growth, FFP-Growth searches theFP-tree in the bottom-up order, but need not construct conditional pattern bases and sub-FP-trees,thus, saving a substantial amount of time and space, and the FP-tree created by it is much smallerthan that created by TD-FP-Growth, hence improving efficiency. At the same time, FFP-Growth can beeasily extended for reducing the search space as TD-FP-Growth (M) and TD-FP-Growth (C). Experimentalresults show that the algorithm of this paper is effective and efficient.展开更多
Dietary pattern has been revealed to be associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the association was not well documented in Chinese due to the complexity of Chinese foods. We mainly assessed the dietary patterns a...Dietary pattern has been revealed to be associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the association was not well documented in Chinese due to the complexity of Chinese foods. We mainly assessed the dietary patterns and examined their effects on metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults. Four dietary patterns including ＇Refined Grains ＆ Vegetables＂ Pattern, ＇Dairy ＆ Eggs＇ Pattern, ＇Organ Meat ＆ Poultry＇ Pattern, and ＇Coarse Grains ＆ Beans＇ Pattern were extracted. ＇Dairy ＆ Eggs＇ Pattern was associated with a decreased odds of metabolic syndrome in women, and ＇Coarse Grains ＆ Beans＇ Pattern was associated with a decreased odds of hypertension in men. These results provided a scientific basis for future research and dietarv euideline Perfection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma or biliary tract cancer has a high mortality rate resulting from late presentation and ineffective treatment strategy. Since immunotherapy by dendritic cells (DC) may be beneficial for ch...BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma or biliary tract cancer has a high mortality rate resulting from late presentation and ineffective treatment strategy. Since immunotherapy by dendritic cells (DC) may be beneficial for cholangiocarcinoma treatment but their efficacy against cholangiocarcinoma was low. We suggest how such antitumor activity can be increased using cell lysates derived from an honokioltreated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). AIM To increase antitumour activity of DCs pulsed with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). METHODS The effect of honokiol, a phenolic compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, on choangiocarcinoma cells was investigated in terms of the cytotoxicity and the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DCs were loaded with tumour cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells their efficacy including induction of T lymphocyte proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity effect on target cholangiocarcinoma cells were evaluated. RESULTS Honokiol can effectively activate cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis and increase the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. DCs loaded with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated tumour cells enhanced priming and stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation and type I cytokine production. T lymphocytes stimulated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of honokiol-treated tumour cells significantly increased specific killing of human cholangiocarcinoma cells compared to those associated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of untreated cholangiocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that honokiol was able to enhance the immunogenicity of cholangiocarcinoma cells associated with increased effectiveness of DC-based vaccine formulation. Treatment of tumour cells with honokiol offers a promising approach as an ex vivo DC-based anticancer vaccine.展开更多
In this letter, on the basis of Frequent Pattern(FP) tree, the support function to update FP-tree is introduced, then an Incremental FP (IFP) algorithm for mining association rules is proposed. IFP algorithm considers...In this letter, on the basis of Frequent Pattern(FP) tree, the support function to update FP-tree is introduced, then an Incremental FP (IFP) algorithm for mining association rules is proposed. IFP algorithm considers not only adding new data into the database but also reducing old data from the database. Furthermore, it can predigest five cases to three cases.The algorithm proposed in this letter can avoid generating lots of candidate items, and it is high efficient.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatme...BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.展开更多
In this paper, we propose an enhanced associative classification method by integrating the dynamic property in the process of associative classification. In the proposed method, we employ a support vector machine（SVM...In this paper, we propose an enhanced associative classification method by integrating the dynamic property in the process of associative classification. In the proposed method, we employ a support vector machine（SVM） based method to refine the discovered emerging ~equent patterns for classification rule extension for class label prediction. The empirical study shows that our method can be used to classify increasing resources efficiently and effectively.展开更多
With the wider growth of web-based documents,the necessity of automatic document clustering and text summarization is increased.Here,document summarization that is extracting the essential task with appropriate inform...With the wider growth of web-based documents,the necessity of automatic document clustering and text summarization is increased.Here,document summarization that is extracting the essential task with appropriate information,removal of unnecessary data and providing the data in a cohesive and coherent manner is determined to be a most confronting task.In this research,a novel intelligent model for document clustering is designed with graph model and Fuzzy based association rule generation(gFAR).Initially,the graph model is used to map the relationship among the data(multi-source)followed by the establishment of document clustering with the generation of association rule using the fuzzy concept.This method shows benefit in redundancy elimination by mapping the relevant document using graph model and reduces the time consumption and improves the accuracy using the association rule generation with fuzzy.This framework is provided in an interpretable way for document clustering.It iteratively reduces the error rate during relationship mapping among the data(clusters)with the assistance of weighted document content.Also,this model represents the significance of data features with class discrimination.It is also helpful in measuring the significance of the features during the data clustering process.The simulation is done with MATLAB 2016b environment and evaluated with the empirical standards like Relative Risk Patterns(RRP),ROUGE score,and Discrimination Information Measure(DMI)respectively.Here,DailyMail and DUC 2004 dataset is used to extract the empirical results.The proposed gFAR model gives better trade-off while compared with various prevailing approaches.展开更多
This paper presents the non-associative and non-commutative properties of the 123-avoiding patterns of Aunu permutation patterns. The generating function of the said patterns has been reported earlier by the author [1...This paper presents the non-associative and non-commutative properties of the 123-avoiding patterns of Aunu permutation patterns. The generating function of the said patterns has been reported earlier by the author [1] [2]. The paper describes how these non-associative and non commutative properties can be established by using the Cayley table on which a binary operation is defined to act on the 123-avoiding and 132-avoiding patterns of Aunu permutations using a pairing scheme. Our results have generated larger matrices from permutations of points of the Aunu patterns of prime cardinality. It follows that the generated symbols can be used in further studies and analysis in cryptography and game theory thereby providing an interdisciplinary approach and applications of these important permutation patterns.展开更多
Globally coupled map (GCM) model can evolve through chaotic searching into several stable periodic orbits under properly controlled parameters. This can be exploited in information processing such as associative memor...Globally coupled map (GCM) model can evolve through chaotic searching into several stable periodic orbits under properly controlled parameters. This can be exploited in information processing such as associative memory and optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel covariance learning rule for multivalue patterns and apply it in memorization of gray scale images based on modified GCM model (S GCM). Analysis of retrieval results are given finally.展开更多
Exploring the association patterns of student performance in depth can help administrators and teachers optimize the curriculum structure and teaching plans more specifically to improve teaching effectiveness in a col...Exploring the association patterns of student performance in depth can help administrators and teachers optimize the curriculum structure and teaching plans more specifically to improve teaching effectiveness in a college undergraduate major.However,these high-dimensional time-varying student performance data involve multiple associated subjects,such as student,course,and teacher,which exhibit complex interrelationships in academic semesters,knowledge categories,and student groups.This makes it challenging to conduct a comprehensive analysis of association patterns.To this end,we construct a visual analysis framework,called MAPVis,to support multi-method and multi-level interactive exploration of the association patterns in student performance.MAPVis consists of two stages:in the first stage,we extract students’learning patterns and further introduce mutual information to explore the distribution of learning patterns;in the second stage,various learning patterns and subject attributes are integrated based on a hierarchical apriori algorithm to achieve a multi-subject interactive exploration of the association patterns among students,courses,and teachers.Finally,we conduct a case study using real student performance data to verify the applicability and effectiveness of MAPVis.展开更多
Studies on spatial distribution of congeneric species can supplement our understanding of species ecological processes. We analyzed population structure, spatial distribution, intra-and interspecific associations amon...Studies on spatial distribution of congeneric species can supplement our understanding of species ecological processes. We analyzed population structure, spatial distribution, intra-and interspecific associations among six Symplocos tree species on a large(50 ha) plot in a subtropical, evergreen broad-leaf forest in southern China using spatial point pattern analysis methods. Our results suggested that the six Symplocos tree species were all clustered at small scales. The aggregation intensity of S. wikstroemiifolia with low abundance but relatively numerous large-diameter trees was much higher than that of the other five Symplocos species that occurred at high abundance but included few large-diameter trees. Spatial associations among the six congeners showed that 12 of 30 pairs were associated positively at small scales, and 13 of 30 pairs were unrelated. For species among different size classes, 79 of 120 pairs were not correlated, and 17 of 120 pairs were associated positively. These results showed insufficient evidence for interspecific competition and congeneric Symplocos species commonly coexist within subtropical plant communities. The spatial patterns of Symplocos species and their correlations changed with size(DBH) class and were simultaneously affected by spatial scales; the intensity of their aggregation and association decreased with increasing area of the sample plot.展开更多
基金supported by the planning projects of the introduction of international advanced forestry science and technology in China (948-project) (Grant No. 2013-4-66)"The Twelfth Five-Year-Plan" of National Science and Technology for Rural Development in China (Grant No. 2012BAD22B0203)
文摘In 2012 a plot was established with 1-ha area in a mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest in the Changbai Mountains, northeastern China for examining local forest processes, structure and succession. A method of O-ring statistics （pair- correlation function） was applied to analyze the spatial patterns and associations of the dominant species within different vertical layers. After the evaluation by their importance values, six tree species （or group） （i.e. Abies nephrolepis, Picea jezoensis, Pinus koraiensis, Tilia amurensis, and species group of Betula ssp. and species group of Acer ssp.） were determined as dominant trees species. It was found that some of these species exhibited closely clustered distributions at fine distances. As spatial distance increased, a random or even regular distribution gradually appeared with the exception of the upper layers of A. nephrolepis and P. koraiensis, and the lower layers of P. jezoensis, P. koraiensis and Betula ssp., which were substantially randomly distributed. Intra- and inter-species spatial associations varied in accordance with species, tree height and reciprocal distances. Positive associations were observed between the lower and upper height classes of trees of the same species （except for that of P. jezoensis） at fine distances. This may be owing to limited seed dispersal and geological heterogeneity. The aggregation intensity declines with increasing distances and this consistent with the predictions of self-thinning. Some coniferous trees （e.g. Pinus koraiensis） in the lower height class were positively associated with T. amurensis and group of Betula ssp. of the upper height class at some distances, suggesting that saplings of coniferous trees occupy a broader niche and can grow well under the canopy of the adult of broad-leaved trees. Negative associations were observed between upper coniferous trees and lower broad-leaved trees and between upper P. jezoensis and lower P. koraiensis, suggesting that a canopy of these trees might not provide suitable environment for the survival, establishment, and growth of o lower individuals, corresponding well to Janzen-Connell hypothesis.
基金Sponsored by 2017 Teaching Reform Research Project of University of Science and Technology LiaoNing
文摘With the development of the aging society in China,the contradiction between the growing old people and the shortage of the elder care community has been increasingly sharp.How to reasonably and effectively establish the elder care community becomes a problem that demanding prompt solution in China.This paper,starting from the most basic constituent factors of the elder care community,namely the concept,the configuration and the service,analyzes 6 types of the concept,redefines the type of the building configuration of the elder care community,and explains the types and levels of the service,which aims to guide the elder care community to deal with the relationship between the 3 factors with a view to providing a reference for the architectural design and standard preparation in the elder care community.
基金funded by the National Key Technology Support Program (2013BAC04B01)
文摘Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern and associations of A.georgei var.smithii populations at different growth stages by using Ripley's L function for point pattern analysis.The diameter structure was a nearly reverse 'J' shape.The amount of saplings and medium-sized trees accounts for a large part of the entire population,suggesting a high regeneration rate and an expanding population.In the transition from saplings to medium trees or to large trees,saplings show a significant aggregation distribution at small scales,while medium trees and large trees show a random distribution.There are significant inverse associations between saplings and medium trees and large trees at small scales,while there are no obvious associations between medium trees and large trees.The natural regeneration was affected by interspecific competition,and it was also affected by intraspecific competition.The joint effects of biological characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the spatial distribution pattern and associations of this A.georgei var.sm ithii population.
文摘Maximum frequent pattern generation from a large database of transactions and items for association rule mining is an important research topic in data mining. Association rule mining aims to discover interesting correlations, frequent patterns, associations, or causal structures between items hidden in a large database. By exploiting quantum computing, we propose an efficient quantum search algorithm design to discover the maximum frequent patterns. We modified Grover’s search algorithm so that a subspace of arbitrary symmetric states is used instead of the whole search space. We presented a novel quantum oracle design that employs a quantum counter to count the maximum frequent items and a quantum comparator to check with a minimum support threshold. The proposed derived algorithm increases the rate of the correct solutions since the search is only in a subspace. Furthermore, our algorithm significantly scales and optimizes the required number of qubits in design, which directly reflected positively on the performance. Our proposed design can accommodate more transactions and items and still have a good performance with a small number of qubits.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common cancer with high morbidity and mortality rates.Its occurrence and development are determined by many factors,including genetics,the environment,lifestyle,and so on.The occurrence of CRC is often accompanied by changes in the intestinal microenvironment.Numerous studies have focused on the association between dietary patterns,dietary components,and CRC now.This article reviews five different dietary patterns:the Western diet,the Mediterranean diet,the ketogenic diet,the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet,and fasting,and themechanistic associations between their food components and CRC.The finding can provide a reference for further studies on the association between different dietary patterns and CRC and will help clinicians formulate reasonable and feasible dietary interventions.
文摘This paper explores the lexical association patterns of English as a second language and their relationship with language proficiency.Through the vocabulary association test,the study analyzes the differences in vocabulary association between learners with different language levels.The participants were 100 non-native English-speaking un-dergraduate students from a top 200 university,such as the University of Nottingham,and a university outside the top 200,such as the University of Aberdeen;the two groups of learners differed in their vocabulary size and learning style.It was found that the two groups of learners differed significantly in vocabulary size,language background,and learning experience.In addition,the study raises three core questions:first,learners’lexical association patterns,second,dif-ferences in association among learners with different language proficiency levels,and third,other variables that affect vocabulary association ability.The limitations of the study are that reaction time was not measured and the influence of native language background on word association was not fully considered;future research should further explore these aspects.
文摘In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm, called FFP-Growth (shortfor fast FP-Growth) , to mine frequent itemsets. Similar to FP-Growth, FFP-Growth searches theFP-tree in the bottom-up order, but need not construct conditional pattern bases and sub-FP-trees,thus, saving a substantial amount of time and space, and the FP-tree created by it is much smallerthan that created by TD-FP-Growth, hence improving efficiency. At the same time, FFP-Growth can beeasily extended for reducing the search space as TD-FP-Growth (M) and TD-FP-Growth (C). Experimentalresults show that the algorithm of this paper is effective and efficient.
基金funded by a Special Scientific Research Fund of Public Welfare Profession of Chinese Ministry of Health(Grant No.201202012)a fund supported by Chinese Science and Technology Ministry(Grant No.2012BAI02B03)a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81372992)
文摘Dietary pattern has been revealed to be associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the association was not well documented in Chinese due to the complexity of Chinese foods. We mainly assessed the dietary patterns and examined their effects on metabolic syndrome among Chinese adults. Four dietary patterns including ＇Refined Grains ＆ Vegetables＂ Pattern, ＇Dairy ＆ Eggs＇ Pattern, ＇Organ Meat ＆ Poultry＇ Pattern, and ＇Coarse Grains ＆ Beans＇ Pattern were extracted. ＇Dairy ＆ Eggs＇ Pattern was associated with a decreased odds of metabolic syndrome in women, and ＇Coarse Grains ＆ Beans＇ Pattern was associated with a decreased odds of hypertension in men. These results provided a scientific basis for future research and dietarv euideline Perfection.
基金the grant from the Thailand Research Fund,No.BRG6180010Naresuan University Research Grant,No.R2561B001
文摘BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma or biliary tract cancer has a high mortality rate resulting from late presentation and ineffective treatment strategy. Since immunotherapy by dendritic cells (DC) may be beneficial for cholangiocarcinoma treatment but their efficacy against cholangiocarcinoma was low. We suggest how such antitumor activity can be increased using cell lysates derived from an honokioltreated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). AIM To increase antitumour activity of DCs pulsed with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cell line (KKU-213L5). METHODS The effect of honokiol, a phenolic compound isolated from Magnolia officinalis, on choangiocarcinoma cells was investigated in terms of the cytotoxicity and the expression of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DCs were loaded with tumour cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated cholangiocarcinoma cells their efficacy including induction of T lymphocyte proliferation, proinflammatory cytokine production and cytotoxicity effect on target cholangiocarcinoma cells were evaluated. RESULTS Honokiol can effectively activate cholangiocarcinoma apoptosis and increase the release of damage-associated molecular patterns. DCs loaded with cell lysates derived from honokiol-treated tumour cells enhanced priming and stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation and type I cytokine production. T lymphocytes stimulated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of honokiol-treated tumour cells significantly increased specific killing of human cholangiocarcinoma cells compared to those associated with DCs pulsed with cell lysates of untreated cholangiocarcinoma cells. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that honokiol was able to enhance the immunogenicity of cholangiocarcinoma cells associated with increased effectiveness of DC-based vaccine formulation. Treatment of tumour cells with honokiol offers a promising approach as an ex vivo DC-based anticancer vaccine.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60073012),Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK2001004)
文摘In this letter, on the basis of Frequent Pattern(FP) tree, the support function to update FP-tree is introduced, then an Incremental FP (IFP) algorithm for mining association rules is proposed. IFP algorithm considers not only adding new data into the database but also reducing old data from the database. Furthermore, it can predigest five cases to three cases.The algorithm proposed in this letter can avoid generating lots of candidate items, and it is high efficient.
文摘BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （No. 2007AA01Z132） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.60775035, 60933004, 60970088, 60903141）+1 种基金 the National Basic Research Priorities Programme （No. 2007CB311004） the National Science and Technology Support Plan （No.2006BAC08B06）.
文摘In this paper, we propose an enhanced associative classification method by integrating the dynamic property in the process of associative classification. In the proposed method, we employ a support vector machine（SVM） based method to refine the discovered emerging ~equent patterns for classification rule extension for class label prediction. The empirical study shows that our method can be used to classify increasing resources efficiently and effectively.
文摘With the wider growth of web-based documents,the necessity of automatic document clustering and text summarization is increased.Here,document summarization that is extracting the essential task with appropriate information,removal of unnecessary data and providing the data in a cohesive and coherent manner is determined to be a most confronting task.In this research,a novel intelligent model for document clustering is designed with graph model and Fuzzy based association rule generation(gFAR).Initially,the graph model is used to map the relationship among the data(multi-source)followed by the establishment of document clustering with the generation of association rule using the fuzzy concept.This method shows benefit in redundancy elimination by mapping the relevant document using graph model and reduces the time consumption and improves the accuracy using the association rule generation with fuzzy.This framework is provided in an interpretable way for document clustering.It iteratively reduces the error rate during relationship mapping among the data(clusters)with the assistance of weighted document content.Also,this model represents the significance of data features with class discrimination.It is also helpful in measuring the significance of the features during the data clustering process.The simulation is done with MATLAB 2016b environment and evaluated with the empirical standards like Relative Risk Patterns(RRP),ROUGE score,and Discrimination Information Measure(DMI)respectively.Here,DailyMail and DUC 2004 dataset is used to extract the empirical results.The proposed gFAR model gives better trade-off while compared with various prevailing approaches.
文摘This paper presents the non-associative and non-commutative properties of the 123-avoiding patterns of Aunu permutation patterns. The generating function of the said patterns has been reported earlier by the author [1] [2]. The paper describes how these non-associative and non commutative properties can be established by using the Cayley table on which a binary operation is defined to act on the 123-avoiding and 132-avoiding patterns of Aunu permutations using a pairing scheme. Our results have generated larger matrices from permutations of points of the Aunu patterns of prime cardinality. It follows that the generated symbols can be used in further studies and analysis in cryptography and game theory thereby providing an interdisciplinary approach and applications of these important permutation patterns.
文摘Globally coupled map (GCM) model can evolve through chaotic searching into several stable periodic orbits under properly controlled parameters. This can be exploited in information processing such as associative memory and optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel covariance learning rule for multivalue patterns and apply it in memorization of gray scale images based on modified GCM model (S GCM). Analysis of retrieval results are given finally.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60873093).
文摘Exploring the association patterns of student performance in depth can help administrators and teachers optimize the curriculum structure and teaching plans more specifically to improve teaching effectiveness in a college undergraduate major.However,these high-dimensional time-varying student performance data involve multiple associated subjects,such as student,course,and teacher,which exhibit complex interrelationships in academic semesters,knowledge categories,and student groups.This makes it challenging to conduct a comprehensive analysis of association patterns.To this end,we construct a visual analysis framework,called MAPVis,to support multi-method and multi-level interactive exploration of the association patterns in student performance.MAPVis consists of two stages:in the first stage,we extract students’learning patterns and further introduce mutual information to explore the distribution of learning patterns;in the second stage,various learning patterns and subject attributes are integrated based on a hierarchical apriori algorithm to achieve a multi-subject interactive exploration of the association patterns among students,courses,and teachers.Finally,we conduct a case study using real student performance data to verify the applicability and effectiveness of MAPVis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31470631 and 31670630)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2013M530892)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(2013011030-3)
文摘Studies on spatial distribution of congeneric species can supplement our understanding of species ecological processes. We analyzed population structure, spatial distribution, intra-and interspecific associations among six Symplocos tree species on a large(50 ha) plot in a subtropical, evergreen broad-leaf forest in southern China using spatial point pattern analysis methods. Our results suggested that the six Symplocos tree species were all clustered at small scales. The aggregation intensity of S. wikstroemiifolia with low abundance but relatively numerous large-diameter trees was much higher than that of the other five Symplocos species that occurred at high abundance but included few large-diameter trees. Spatial associations among the six congeners showed that 12 of 30 pairs were associated positively at small scales, and 13 of 30 pairs were unrelated. For species among different size classes, 79 of 120 pairs were not correlated, and 17 of 120 pairs were associated positively. These results showed insufficient evidence for interspecific competition and congeneric Symplocos species commonly coexist within subtropical plant communities. The spatial patterns of Symplocos species and their correlations changed with size(DBH) class and were simultaneously affected by spatial scales; the intensity of their aggregation and association decreased with increasing area of the sample plot.
