OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of Bushenantai(BSAT)granule(补肾安胎颗粒)on angiogenesis-related factors[E2,P,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]at the maternal-fetal interface of recurrent spontaneous abort...OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of Bushenantai(BSAT)granule(补肾安胎颗粒)on angiogenesis-related factors[E2,P,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]at the maternal-fetal interface of recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)mice,and to evaluate the role of BSAT in promoting angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface by influencing the expression of sex hormones,and VEGF.METHODS:A mouse model with normal pregnancy and another with Clark’s classic RSA were established.The RSA mice were randomly assigned to six groups:normal,model,progesterone,high-doseBSAT granule(BSAT-H),medium-dose-BSAT granule(BSAT-M),and low-dose-BSAT granule(BSAT-L)(n=10 for each group).The embryo loss rate and the histopathological changes in the decidual tissues were measured.Serum levels of estrogen(E2),progesterone(P),and VEGF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The m RNA and protein expressions of estradiol receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),VEGF,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)in the decidual tissues were identified by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:The embryo loss rate in all groups that received BSAT treatment was reduced,while the number of blood vessels at decidual tissues was increased.The serum levels of E2,P and VEGF were elevated,and the m RNA and protein expressions of ER,PR,VEGF,and VEGFR2 in the decidual tissues were enhanced.CONCLUSION:BSAT can improve angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface and reduce the embryo loss rate,which may be associated with its ability to increase the serum levels of estrogen,progesterone,and VEGF,in addition to up-regulation of m RNA and protein expression of ER,PR,VEGF,and VEGFR2 in the decidual tissues.展开更多
In this study, the expression of IL-24 at maternal-fetal interface and the roles in extravillous trophoblast （the TEV-1 cell line） invasion were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of IL...In this study, the expression of IL-24 at maternal-fetal interface and the roles in extravillous trophoblast （the TEV-1 cell line） invasion were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of IL-24 in villi and decidual tissue. The proliferation of TEV-1 cells under the effect of IL-24 was measured by MTT assay. The invasiveness of TEV-1 cells under the effect of recombinant IL-24 （rhIL-24） was examined by transwell system. Immunohistochemical detection showed that IL-24 was expressed in the villi and decidual tissue, and distributed in villous column, trophoblasts, stroma and blood vessels. The proliferation of TEV-1 cells was not inhibited by rhIL-24 of various concentrations. The examination of invasion in vitro showed that rhIL-24 could inhibit the invasion of TEV-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggested IL-24 could inhibit the invasion of TEV-1 cells. Therefore, IL-24 produced by maternal-fetal interface in human first trimester pregnancy may influence the invasion of trophoblasts and is involved in normal pregnancy.展开更多
This article is a summary of the research progress of the maternal-fetal interface immune microenvironment regulated by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.The imbalance of ...This article is a summary of the research progress of the maternal-fetal interface immune microenvironment regulated by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.The imbalance of the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface is closely related to the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortion.Traditional Chinese medicine can maintain the homeostasis of the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface by regulating the function of immune cells and the expression of related cytokines.展开更多
To the Editor:Pregnancy is a complex physiological process during which the maternal immune system tolerates semi-allogeneic embryos developing successfully in the uterus.This period involves significant changes in va...To the Editor:Pregnancy is a complex physiological process during which the maternal immune system tolerates semi-allogeneic embryos developing successfully in the uterus.This period involves significant changes in various organs and systems of the maternal body.The maternal–fetal interface consists of the maternal decidua tissue and the embryonic trophoblast layer.Immune cells make up 40%of human decidua,including natural killer(NK)cells,myeloid derived suppressor cells(MDSC),macrophages(Mφ),T cells,and others.展开更多
2019 novel coronavirus disease has resulted in thousands of critically ill patients in China,which is a serious threat to people’s life and health.Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was report...2019 novel coronavirus disease has resulted in thousands of critically ill patients in China,which is a serious threat to people’s life and health.Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was reported to share the same receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),with SARS-CoV.Here,based on the public single-cell RNA-sequencing database,we analyzed the mRNA expression profile of putative receptor ACE2 and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase(AXL)in the early maternal-fetal interface.The result indicates that the ACE2 has very low expression in the different cell types of early maternal-fetal interface,except slightly high in decidual perivascular cells cluster 1(PV1).Interestingly,we found that the Zika virus(ZIKV)receptor AXL expression is concentrated in perivascular cells and stromal cells,indicating that there are relatively more AXL-expressing cells in the early maternal-fetal interface.This study provides a possible infection route and mechanism for the SARS-CoV-2-or ZIKV-infected mother-to-fetus transmission disease,which could be informative for future therapeutic strategy development.展开更多
Extracellular matrix(ECM)is characterized as widespread,abundant,and pluripotent.Among ECM members,collagen is widely accepted as one of the most prominent components for its essential structural property that can pro...Extracellular matrix(ECM)is characterized as widespread,abundant,and pluripotent.Among ECM members,collagen is widely accepted as one of the most prominent components for its essential structural property that can provide a scaffold for other components of ECM and the rich biological functions,which has been extensively used in tissue engineering.Emerging evidence has shown that the balance of ECM degradation and remodeling is vital to regulations of maternal-fetal interface including menstrual cycling,decidualization,embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance.Moreover,disorders in these events may eventually lead to failure of pregnancy.Although the improvement of assisted conception and embryo culture technologies bring hope to many infertile couples,some unfavorable outcomes,such as recurrent implantation failure(RIF),recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)or recurrent miscarriage(RM),keep troubling the clinicians and patients.Recently,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)model mimicking the microenvironment of the maternal-fetal interface is developed to investigate the physiological and pathological conditions of conception and pregnancy.The progress of this technology is based on clarifying the role of ECM in the endometrium and the interaction between endometrium and conceptus.Focusing on collagen,the present review summarized the degradation and regulation of ECM and its role in normal menstruation,endometrium receptivity and unsatisfying events occurring in infertility treatments,as well as the application in therapeutic approaches to improve pregnancy outcomes.More investigations about ECM focusing on the maternal-fetal interface interaction with mesenchymal stem cells or local immunoregulation may inspire new thoughts and advancements in the clinical application of infertility treatments.展开更多
Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is con...Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.展开更多
The microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface is optimized to facilitate the development and survival of the fetus during pregnancy.It involves a balance between cell populations and interactions of the fetal p...The microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface is optimized to facilitate the development and survival of the fetus during pregnancy.It involves a balance between cell populations and interactions of the fetal placenta with various cell types(ie,stromal cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,and fibroblasts)that are embedded in the maternal endometrium/decidua.Aberrant shifts in cell populations and deranged cell-cell interactions are closely related to pregnancy disorders.Thus,analysis of the dynamic changes in cell populations and their interactions at the maternal-fetal interface in normal and complicated pregnancies is essential to provide insights into the fundamental processes involved in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy,and how these processes are dysregulated.Thus,informing novel pathways for therapeutic targets of pregnancy complications.Single-cell sequencing(SCS)is a powerful tool for transcriptome analysis at single-cell resolution.Combined with information on the developmental trajectory and function of different cell populations,SCS can provide an unparalleled opportunity for refining the spatiotemporal cell atlas to elaborate dynamic changes in cell populations and their interactions in tissues that consist of highly heterogeneous cell populations such as the maternal-fetal interface.This minireview briefly summarizes traditional methods and their limitations for analyzing maternal-fetal interface cell-cell interactions,and introduces the current applications,advantages,limitations,and prospective applications of SCS in research on maternal-fetal interactions.展开更多
The pre-wetting of aggregate surface is a means to improve the interface performance of SBS modified asphalt and aggregate.The effect of pre-wetting technology on the interaction between SBS modified asphalt and aggre...The pre-wetting of aggregate surface is a means to improve the interface performance of SBS modified asphalt and aggregate.The effect of pre-wetting technology on the interaction between SBS modified asphalt and aggregate was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation.The diffusion coefficient and concentration distribution of SBS modified asphalt on aggregate surface are included.The simulation results show that the diffusion coefficient of the aggregate surface of SBS modified asphalt is increased by 47.6%and 70.5%respectively after 110#asphalt and 130#asphalt are pre-wetted.The concentration distribution of SBS modified asphalt on the aggregate surface after pre-wetting is more uniform.According to the results of interface energy calculation,the interface energy of SBS modified bitumen and aggregate can be increased by about 5%after pre-wetting.According to the results of molecular dynamics simulation,the pre-wetting technology can effectively improve the interface workability of SBS modified bitumen and aggregate,so as to improve the interface performance.展开更多
The maternal-fetal interface is a key barrier to protect the fetus from infection.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the maternal-fetal interface are involved in antiviral responses.TLRs are expressed in both maternal deci...The maternal-fetal interface is a key barrier to protect the fetus from infection.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the maternal-fetal interface are involved in antiviral responses.TLRs are expressed in both maternal decidua and fetal trophoblasts.Virus-induced activation of TLR signaling pathways triggers the release of interferon-related antiviral molecules and other inflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines by the host innate immune system,which may disrupt immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface and lead to pregnancy complications.In this review,we summarize the state of knowledge on the most common viral infections during pregnancy,antiviral TLR responses at the maternal-fetal interface,and TLR-associated pregnancy complications.展开更多
Silicon stands as a key anode material in lithium-ion battery ascribing to its high energy density.Nevertheless,the poor rate performance and limited cycling life remain unresolved through conventional approaches that...Silicon stands as a key anode material in lithium-ion battery ascribing to its high energy density.Nevertheless,the poor rate performance and limited cycling life remain unresolved through conventional approaches that involve carbon composites or nanostructures,primarily due to the un-controllable effects arising from the substantial formation of a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)during the cycling.Here,an ultra-thin and homogeneous Ti doping alumina oxide catalytic interface is meticulously applied on the porous Si through a synergistic etching and hydrolysis process.This defect-rich oxide interface promotes a selective adsorption of fluoroethylene carbonate,leading to a catalytic reaction that can be aptly described as“molecular concentration-in situ conversion”.The resultant inorganic-rich SEI layer is electrochemical stable and favors ion-transport,particularly at high-rate cycling and high temperature.The robustly shielded porous Si,with a large surface area,achieves a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.7%and delivers exceptional high-rate performance at 25 A g^(−1)(692 mAh g^(−1))and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 1000 cycles.The robust SEI constructed through a precious catalytic layer promises significant advantages for the fast development of silicon-based anode in fast-charging batteries.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions durin...The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.展开更多
Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the...Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.展开更多
Forced imbibition,the invasion of a wetting fluid into porous rocks,plays an important role in the effective exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide.However,the interfa...Forced imbibition,the invasion of a wetting fluid into porous rocks,plays an important role in the effective exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide.However,the interface dynamics influenced by complex topology commonly leads to non-wetting fluid trapping.Particularly,the underlying mechanisms under viscously unfavorable conditions remain unclear.This study employs a direct numerical simulation method to simulate forced imbibition through the reconstructed digital rocks of sandstone.The interface dynamics and fluid–fluid interactions are investigated through transient simulations,while the pore topology metrics are introduced to analyze the impact on steady-state residual fluid distribution obtained by a pseudo-transient scheme.The results show that the cooperative pore-filling process promoted by corner flow is dominant at low capillary numbers.This leads to unstable inlet pressure,mass flow,and interface curvature,which correspond to complicated interface dynamics and higher residual fluid saturation.During forced imbibition,the interface curvature gradually increases,with the pore-filling mechanisms involving the cooperation of main terminal meniscus movement and arc menisci filling.Complex topology with small diameter pores may result in the destabilization of interface curvature.The residual fluid saturation is negatively correlated with porosity and pore throat size,and positively correlated with tortuosity and aspect ratio.A large mean coordination number characterizing global connectivity promotes imbibition.However,high connectivity characterized by the standardized Euler number corresponding to small pores is associated with a high probability of non-wetting fluid trapping.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of poor formability caused by different materials and properties in the process of tailor-welded sheets forming,a forming method was proposed to change the stress state of tailor-welded s...In order to solve the problem of poor formability caused by different materials and properties in the process of tailor-welded sheets forming,a forming method was proposed to change the stress state of tailor-welded sheets by covering the tailor-welded sheets with better plastic properties overlapping sheets.At the same time,the interface friction effect between the overlapping and tailor-welded sheets was utilized to control the stress magnitude and further improve the formability and quality of the tailor-welded sheets.In this work,the bulging process of the tailor-welded overlapping sheets was taken as the research object.Aluminum alloy tailor-welded overlapping sheets bulging specimens were studied by a combination of finite element analysis and experimental verification.The results show that the appropriate use of interface friction between tailor-welded and overlapping sheets can improve the formability of tailor-welded sheets and control the flow of weld seam to improve the forming quality.When increasing the interface friction coefficient on the side of tailor-welded sheets with higher strength and decreasing that on the side of tailor-welded sheets with lower strength,the deformation of the tailor-welded sheets are more uniform,the offset of the weld seam is minimal,the limit bulging height is maximal,and the forming quality is optimal.展开更多
As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal...As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.展开更多
Understanding the factors triggering slope failure is essential to ensure the safety of buildings and transportation infrastructure on slopes. Specifically,the failure of stabilizing piles due to groundwater migration...Understanding the factors triggering slope failure is essential to ensure the safety of buildings and transportation infrastructure on slopes. Specifically,the failure of stabilizing piles due to groundwater migration and freeze–thaw(FT) cycles is a significant factor causing slope failure. This study aims to investigate the transmedia seepage characteristics at slope–concrete stabilizing pile interface systems by using silty clay and concrete with varying microstructure characteristics under FT cycles. To this end, a self-developed indoor test device for transmedia water migration, combined with a macro-meso-micro multiscale testing approach, was used to analyze the laws and mechanisms of transmedia seepage at the interface systems. The effect of the medium's microstructure characteristics on the transmedia seepage behavior at the interface systems under FT cycles was also assessed. Results indicated that the transmedia water migration exhibited particularity due to the migration of soil particles and the low permeability characteristics of concrete. The water content in the media increased significantly within the range of 1/3–2/3 of the height from the interface for soil and within 5 mm from the interface for concrete.FT cycles promoted the increase and penetration of cracks within the medium, enhancing the permeability of the slope-concrete stabilizing pile interface systems.With the increase in FT cycles, the porosity inside the medium first decreased and then increased, and the porosity reached the minimum after 25 FT cycles and the maximum after 75 FT cycles, and the water content of the medium after water migration was positively correlated with the porosity. FT cycles also significantly influenced the temporal variation characteristics of soil moisture and the migration path of water in concrete. The study results could serve as a reference for related research on slope stability assessment.展开更多
Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and...Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.展开更多
Proper development of the human placenta is of vital importance for a successful pregnancy,and a series of pregnancy complications are considered originating from dysfunctional placentas.Like other organ system develo...Proper development of the human placenta is of vital importance for a successful pregnancy,and a series of pregnancy complications are considered originating from dysfunctional placentas.Like other organ system development,placentation requires large numbers of co-regulators,while the underlying molecular mechanisms orchestrating the placental formation and function are poorly understood.Although we have made many signs of progress in understanding the placental architectures and developments using mouse models,the species-specific differences impede our progress due to the lack of appropriate model systems.In the past few years,major progress has been made by the establishment of novel in-vitro self-renewing stem cell models,as well as identifying the full picture of the cellular organization of the maternal and fetal interface.Providing the tools for the investigation of placentation and reproductive-related regulation mechanism.In this review,we focus on the detailed progress of the human trophoblast stem cells culturing system,and the cellular and molecular terrain at the maternal-fetal interface,respectively,thus providing new insights into placental development.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81574017)Special Fund Project of 2015 Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Development of Health and Family Planning Commission of Anhui Province(Wei Ban Mi[2015]No.404)Scientific Research Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Health and Family Planning Commission of Anhui Province(No.2016zy19)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of Bushenantai(BSAT)granule(补肾安胎颗粒)on angiogenesis-related factors[E2,P,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]at the maternal-fetal interface of recurrent spontaneous abortion(RSA)mice,and to evaluate the role of BSAT in promoting angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface by influencing the expression of sex hormones,and VEGF.METHODS:A mouse model with normal pregnancy and another with Clark’s classic RSA were established.The RSA mice were randomly assigned to six groups:normal,model,progesterone,high-doseBSAT granule(BSAT-H),medium-dose-BSAT granule(BSAT-M),and low-dose-BSAT granule(BSAT-L)(n=10 for each group).The embryo loss rate and the histopathological changes in the decidual tissues were measured.Serum levels of estrogen(E2),progesterone(P),and VEGF were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The m RNA and protein expressions of estradiol receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),VEGF,and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2(VEGFR2)in the decidual tissues were identified by immunohistochemistry,Western blotting,and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:The embryo loss rate in all groups that received BSAT treatment was reduced,while the number of blood vessels at decidual tissues was increased.The serum levels of E2,P and VEGF were elevated,and the m RNA and protein expressions of ER,PR,VEGF,and VEGFR2 in the decidual tissues were enhanced.CONCLUSION:BSAT can improve angiogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface and reduce the embryo loss rate,which may be associated with its ability to increase the serum levels of estrogen,progesterone,and VEGF,in addition to up-regulation of m RNA and protein expression of ER,PR,VEGF,and VEGFR2 in the decidual tissues.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei province (No. 2005ABA149)
文摘In this study, the expression of IL-24 at maternal-fetal interface and the roles in extravillous trophoblast （the TEV-1 cell line） invasion were examined. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of IL-24 in villi and decidual tissue. The proliferation of TEV-1 cells under the effect of IL-24 was measured by MTT assay. The invasiveness of TEV-1 cells under the effect of recombinant IL-24 （rhIL-24） was examined by transwell system. Immunohistochemical detection showed that IL-24 was expressed in the villi and decidual tissue, and distributed in villous column, trophoblasts, stroma and blood vessels. The proliferation of TEV-1 cells was not inhibited by rhIL-24 of various concentrations. The examination of invasion in vitro showed that rhIL-24 could inhibit the invasion of TEV-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The results suggested IL-24 could inhibit the invasion of TEV-1 cells. Therefore, IL-24 produced by maternal-fetal interface in human first trimester pregnancy may influence the invasion of trophoblasts and is involved in normal pregnancy.
基金supported by the Discipline Innovation Team Construction Project of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine-Infertility Innovation Team of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(Number:2019-QN03).
文摘This article is a summary of the research progress of the maternal-fetal interface immune microenvironment regulated by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of recurrent spontaneous abortion.The imbalance of the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface is closely related to the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous abortion.Traditional Chinese medicine can maintain the homeostasis of the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface by regulating the function of immune cells and the expression of related cytokines.
基金This work was funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82173207)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2021SF-205).
文摘To the Editor:Pregnancy is a complex physiological process during which the maternal immune system tolerates semi-allogeneic embryos developing successfully in the uterus.This period involves significant changes in various organs and systems of the maternal body.The maternal–fetal interface consists of the maternal decidua tissue and the embryonic trophoblast layer.Immune cells make up 40%of human decidua,including natural killer(NK)cells,myeloid derived suppressor cells(MDSC),macrophages(Mφ),T cells,and others.
基金supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81730039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671460,81871167)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1001401)Shanghai Municipal Medical and Health Discipline Constniction Projects(2017ZZ02015)the National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB943300)the Program for Shanghai leaders to Li-Ping Jinthe Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(18ZR1430000)to Qingliang Zheng.
文摘2019 novel coronavirus disease has resulted in thousands of critically ill patients in China,which is a serious threat to people’s life and health.Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)was reported to share the same receptor,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),with SARS-CoV.Here,based on the public single-cell RNA-sequencing database,we analyzed the mRNA expression profile of putative receptor ACE2 and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase(AXL)in the early maternal-fetal interface.The result indicates that the ACE2 has very low expression in the different cell types of early maternal-fetal interface,except slightly high in decidual perivascular cells cluster 1(PV1).Interestingly,we found that the Zika virus(ZIKV)receptor AXL expression is concentrated in perivascular cells and stromal cells,indicating that there are relatively more AXL-expressing cells in the early maternal-fetal interface.This study provides a possible infection route and mechanism for the SARS-CoV-2-or ZIKV-infected mother-to-fetus transmission disease,which could be informative for future therapeutic strategy development.
基金the Research project of Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Y.Z.,Grant No.2021YJ0416)project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau,(Y.Z.,Grant No.2021-YF05-02110-SN)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Y.Z.,Grant No.82001496)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Y.Z.,Grant No.2020M680149,2020T130087ZX)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(C.C.,Grant No.2021M702223)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(C.C.,Grant No.JCYJ20210324105808022)the Research Team of Female Reproductive Health and Fertility Preservation(W.Q.,Grant No.SZSM201612065).
文摘Extracellular matrix(ECM)is characterized as widespread,abundant,and pluripotent.Among ECM members,collagen is widely accepted as one of the most prominent components for its essential structural property that can provide a scaffold for other components of ECM and the rich biological functions,which has been extensively used in tissue engineering.Emerging evidence has shown that the balance of ECM degradation and remodeling is vital to regulations of maternal-fetal interface including menstrual cycling,decidualization,embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance.Moreover,disorders in these events may eventually lead to failure of pregnancy.Although the improvement of assisted conception and embryo culture technologies bring hope to many infertile couples,some unfavorable outcomes,such as recurrent implantation failure(RIF),recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)or recurrent miscarriage(RM),keep troubling the clinicians and patients.Recently,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)model mimicking the microenvironment of the maternal-fetal interface is developed to investigate the physiological and pathological conditions of conception and pregnancy.The progress of this technology is based on clarifying the role of ECM in the endometrium and the interaction between endometrium and conceptus.Focusing on collagen,the present review summarized the degradation and regulation of ECM and its role in normal menstruation,endometrium receptivity and unsatisfying events occurring in infertility treatments,as well as the application in therapeutic approaches to improve pregnancy outcomes.More investigations about ECM focusing on the maternal-fetal interface interaction with mesenchymal stem cells or local immunoregulation may inspire new thoughts and advancements in the clinical application of infertility treatments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026 and No.52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCXZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751563)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(2018GXNSFDA050017,2019GXNSFFA245013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871172)the Guangxi Medical University Training Program for Distinguished Young Scholars.
文摘The microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface is optimized to facilitate the development and survival of the fetus during pregnancy.It involves a balance between cell populations and interactions of the fetal placenta with various cell types(ie,stromal cells,endothelial cells,immune cells,and fibroblasts)that are embedded in the maternal endometrium/decidua.Aberrant shifts in cell populations and deranged cell-cell interactions are closely related to pregnancy disorders.Thus,analysis of the dynamic changes in cell populations and their interactions at the maternal-fetal interface in normal and complicated pregnancies is essential to provide insights into the fundamental processes involved in the establishment and maintenance of normal pregnancy,and how these processes are dysregulated.Thus,informing novel pathways for therapeutic targets of pregnancy complications.Single-cell sequencing(SCS)is a powerful tool for transcriptome analysis at single-cell resolution.Combined with information on the developmental trajectory and function of different cell populations,SCS can provide an unparalleled opportunity for refining the spatiotemporal cell atlas to elaborate dynamic changes in cell populations and their interactions in tissues that consist of highly heterogeneous cell populations such as the maternal-fetal interface.This minireview briefly summarizes traditional methods and their limitations for analyzing maternal-fetal interface cell-cell interactions,and introduces the current applications,advantages,limitations,and prospective applications of SCS in research on maternal-fetal interactions.
基金Funded by the Research Funds of China University of Mining and Technology(No.102523215)。
文摘The pre-wetting of aggregate surface is a means to improve the interface performance of SBS modified asphalt and aggregate.The effect of pre-wetting technology on the interaction between SBS modified asphalt and aggregate was analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation.The diffusion coefficient and concentration distribution of SBS modified asphalt on aggregate surface are included.The simulation results show that the diffusion coefficient of the aggregate surface of SBS modified asphalt is increased by 47.6%and 70.5%respectively after 110#asphalt and 130#asphalt are pre-wetted.The concentration distribution of SBS modified asphalt on the aggregate surface after pre-wetting is more uniform.According to the results of interface energy calculation,the interface energy of SBS modified bitumen and aggregate can be increased by about 5%after pre-wetting.According to the results of molecular dynamics simulation,the pre-wetting technology can effectively improve the interface workability of SBS modified bitumen and aggregate,so as to improve the interface performance.
基金This work was supported by by the grants from the Anti-COVID-19 Fund from International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital (GFY2020-COVID-19-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81401274)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (YG2017ZD09 and YG2017MS40)。
文摘The maternal-fetal interface is a key barrier to protect the fetus from infection.Toll-like receptors (TLRs) at the maternal-fetal interface are involved in antiviral responses.TLRs are expressed in both maternal decidua and fetal trophoblasts.Virus-induced activation of TLR signaling pathways triggers the release of interferon-related antiviral molecules and other inflammatory cytokines and/or chemokines by the host innate immune system,which may disrupt immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface and lead to pregnancy complications.In this review,we summarize the state of knowledge on the most common viral infections during pregnancy,antiviral TLR responses at the maternal-fetal interface,and TLR-associated pregnancy complications.
基金the National Key R&D Plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFE0122400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002238,22102207)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22ZR1423800,21ZR1465200,23ZR1423600)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission and the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation(B49G680115).
文摘Silicon stands as a key anode material in lithium-ion battery ascribing to its high energy density.Nevertheless,the poor rate performance and limited cycling life remain unresolved through conventional approaches that involve carbon composites or nanostructures,primarily due to the un-controllable effects arising from the substantial formation of a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)during the cycling.Here,an ultra-thin and homogeneous Ti doping alumina oxide catalytic interface is meticulously applied on the porous Si through a synergistic etching and hydrolysis process.This defect-rich oxide interface promotes a selective adsorption of fluoroethylene carbonate,leading to a catalytic reaction that can be aptly described as“molecular concentration-in situ conversion”.The resultant inorganic-rich SEI layer is electrochemical stable and favors ion-transport,particularly at high-rate cycling and high temperature.The robustly shielded porous Si,with a large surface area,achieves a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.7%and delivers exceptional high-rate performance at 25 A g^(−1)(692 mAh g^(−1))and a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%over 1000 cycles.The robust SEI constructed through a precious catalytic layer promises significant advantages for the fast development of silicon-based anode in fast-charging batteries.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technol-ogy Program of Henan Province(No.232102241020)the Ph.D.Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613480015)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613554001)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420021).
文摘The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.
基金The Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Protection and Operation Control in 2022(No.SGNR0000KJJS2302150).
文摘Fully implanted brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)are preferred as they eliminate signal degradation caused by interference and absorption in external tissues,a common issue in non-fully implanted systems.To optimize the design of electroencephalography electrodes in fully implanted BCI systems,this study investigates the penetration and absorption characteristics of microwave signals in human brain tissue at different frequencies.Electromagnetic simulations are used to analyze the power density distribution and specific absorption rate(SAR)of signals at various frequen-cies.The results indicate that lower-frequency signals offer advantages in terms of power density and attenuation coeffi-cients.However,SAR-normalized analysis,which considers both power density and electromagnetic radiation hazards,shows that higher-frequency signals perform better at superficial to intermediate depths.Specifically,at a depth of 2 mm beneath the cortex,the power density of a 6.5 GHz signal is 247.83%higher than that of a 0.4 GHz signal.At a depth of 5 mm,the power density of a 3.5 GHz signal exceeds that of a 0.4 GHz signal by 224.16%.The findings suggest that 6.5 GHz is optimal for electrodes at a depth of 2 mm,3.5 GHz for 5 mm,2.45 GHz for depths of 15-20 mm,and 1.8 GHz for 25 mm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42172159 and 42302143)the Postdoctora Fellowship Program of the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(Grant No.GZB20230864).
文摘Forced imbibition,the invasion of a wetting fluid into porous rocks,plays an important role in the effective exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and the geological sequestration of carbon dioxide.However,the interface dynamics influenced by complex topology commonly leads to non-wetting fluid trapping.Particularly,the underlying mechanisms under viscously unfavorable conditions remain unclear.This study employs a direct numerical simulation method to simulate forced imbibition through the reconstructed digital rocks of sandstone.The interface dynamics and fluid–fluid interactions are investigated through transient simulations,while the pore topology metrics are introduced to analyze the impact on steady-state residual fluid distribution obtained by a pseudo-transient scheme.The results show that the cooperative pore-filling process promoted by corner flow is dominant at low capillary numbers.This leads to unstable inlet pressure,mass flow,and interface curvature,which correspond to complicated interface dynamics and higher residual fluid saturation.During forced imbibition,the interface curvature gradually increases,with the pore-filling mechanisms involving the cooperation of main terminal meniscus movement and arc menisci filling.Complex topology with small diameter pores may result in the destabilization of interface curvature.The residual fluid saturation is negatively correlated with porosity and pore throat size,and positively correlated with tortuosity and aspect ratio.A large mean coordination number characterizing global connectivity promotes imbibition.However,high connectivity characterized by the standardized Euler number corresponding to small pores is associated with a high probability of non-wetting fluid trapping.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52075347,51575364)and the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Provincial(No.2022-MS-295)。
文摘In order to solve the problem of poor formability caused by different materials and properties in the process of tailor-welded sheets forming,a forming method was proposed to change the stress state of tailor-welded sheets by covering the tailor-welded sheets with better plastic properties overlapping sheets.At the same time,the interface friction effect between the overlapping and tailor-welded sheets was utilized to control the stress magnitude and further improve the formability and quality of the tailor-welded sheets.In this work,the bulging process of the tailor-welded overlapping sheets was taken as the research object.Aluminum alloy tailor-welded overlapping sheets bulging specimens were studied by a combination of finite element analysis and experimental verification.The results show that the appropriate use of interface friction between tailor-welded and overlapping sheets can improve the formability of tailor-welded sheets and control the flow of weld seam to improve the forming quality.When increasing the interface friction coefficient on the side of tailor-welded sheets with higher strength and decreasing that on the side of tailor-welded sheets with lower strength,the deformation of the tailor-welded sheets are more uniform,the offset of the weld seam is minimal,the limit bulging height is maximal,and the forming quality is optimal.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFE0121300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374376)the Introduction Plan for High-end Foreign Experts(No.G2023105001L)。
文摘As a mathematical analysis method,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe irregular shapes with self-similar or self-affine properties.Fractal analysis has been used to characterize the shapes of metal materials at various scales and dimensions.Conventional methods make it difficult to quantitatively describe the relationship between the regular characteristics and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces.However,fractal analysis can be used to quantitatively describe the shape characteristics of metal materials and to establish the quantitative relationships between the shape characteristics and various properties of metal materials.From the perspective of two-dimensional planes and three-dimensional curved surfaces,this paper reviews the current research status of the fractal analysis of metal precipitate interfaces,metal grain boundary interfaces,metal-deposited film surfaces,metal fracture surfaces,metal machined surfaces,and metal wear surfaces.The relationship between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces is summarized.Starting from three perspectives of fractal analysis,namely,research scope,image acquisition methods,and calculation methods,this paper identifies the direction of research on fractal analysis of metal material surfaces and interfaces that need to be developed.It is believed that revealing the deep influence mechanism between the fractal dimensions and properties of metal material surfaces and interfaces will be the key research direction of the fractal analysis of metal materials in the future.
基金financially supported by Jilin Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.20220101164JC)。
文摘Understanding the factors triggering slope failure is essential to ensure the safety of buildings and transportation infrastructure on slopes. Specifically,the failure of stabilizing piles due to groundwater migration and freeze–thaw(FT) cycles is a significant factor causing slope failure. This study aims to investigate the transmedia seepage characteristics at slope–concrete stabilizing pile interface systems by using silty clay and concrete with varying microstructure characteristics under FT cycles. To this end, a self-developed indoor test device for transmedia water migration, combined with a macro-meso-micro multiscale testing approach, was used to analyze the laws and mechanisms of transmedia seepage at the interface systems. The effect of the medium's microstructure characteristics on the transmedia seepage behavior at the interface systems under FT cycles was also assessed. Results indicated that the transmedia water migration exhibited particularity due to the migration of soil particles and the low permeability characteristics of concrete. The water content in the media increased significantly within the range of 1/3–2/3 of the height from the interface for soil and within 5 mm from the interface for concrete.FT cycles promoted the increase and penetration of cracks within the medium, enhancing the permeability of the slope-concrete stabilizing pile interface systems.With the increase in FT cycles, the porosity inside the medium first decreased and then increased, and the porosity reached the minimum after 25 FT cycles and the maximum after 75 FT cycles, and the water content of the medium after water migration was positively correlated with the porosity. FT cycles also significantly influenced the temporal variation characteristics of soil moisture and the migration path of water in concrete. The study results could serve as a reference for related research on slope stability assessment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201491)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-1101-02”.
文摘Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.
基金This work was supported in parts by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1001402 to H.W.,2018YFC1004102 to J.L.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81490744 to H.W.,31600945 to J.L.and 31701016 to J.W.)+2 种基金Fujian Natural Science Foundation(2017J01071 to J.L.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720180041 J.L.)Foundation from Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC(2017KF01 to J.L.).The funders had no role in study design,data collection,and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript
文摘Proper development of the human placenta is of vital importance for a successful pregnancy,and a series of pregnancy complications are considered originating from dysfunctional placentas.Like other organ system development,placentation requires large numbers of co-regulators,while the underlying molecular mechanisms orchestrating the placental formation and function are poorly understood.Although we have made many signs of progress in understanding the placental architectures and developments using mouse models,the species-specific differences impede our progress due to the lack of appropriate model systems.In the past few years,major progress has been made by the establishment of novel in-vitro self-renewing stem cell models,as well as identifying the full picture of the cellular organization of the maternal and fetal interface.Providing the tools for the investigation of placentation and reproductive-related regulation mechanism.In this review,we focus on the detailed progress of the human trophoblast stem cells culturing system,and the cellular and molecular terrain at the maternal-fetal interface,respectively,thus providing new insights into placental development.
