Materials selection is a multiple attribute decision making(MADM)problem.A lot of MADM methods are applicable to materials selection,and it may produce considerable differences between the results of materials selecti...Materials selection is a multiple attribute decision making(MADM)problem.A lot of MADM methods are applicable to materials selection,and it may produce considerable differences between the results of materials selection.But it is unknown which MADM method is better.So it is desirable to decide reasonable final result of materials selection in consideration of the individual results from different MADM methods.In this paper,materials selection method combined with different MADM methods is proposed.The method is based on final ranks of alternative materials,where the final ranks are determined from the ranks of the alternative materials using different MADM methods.This method is applied to select optimal magnesium alloy material for automobile wheels.This method may be widely used to select optimal material in engineering practice.展开更多
Natural fibre reinforced polymer composite(NFRPC)materials are gaining popularity in the modern world due to their eco-friendliness,lightweight nature,life-cycle superiority,biodegradability,low cost,and noble mechani...Natural fibre reinforced polymer composite(NFRPC)materials are gaining popularity in the modern world due to their eco-friendliness,lightweight nature,life-cycle superiority,biodegradability,low cost,and noble mechanical properties.Due to the wide variety of materials available that have comparable attributes and satisfy the requirements of the product design specification,material selection has become a crucial component of design for engineers.This paper discusses the study’s findings in choosing the suitable thermoplastic matrices of Natural Fibre Composites for Cyclist Helmet utilising the DMAIC,and GRA approaches.The results are based on integrating two decision methods implemented utilising two distinct decision-making approaches:qualitative and quantitative.This study suggested thermoplastic polyethylene as a particularly ideal matrix in composite cyclist helmets during the selection process for the best thermoplastic matrices material using the 6σtechnique,with the decision based on the highest performance,the lightest weight,and the most environmentally friendly criteria.The DMAIC and GRA approach significantly influenced the material selection process by offering different tools for each phase.In the future study,selection technique may have been more exhaustive if more information from other factors had been added.展开更多
Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of pota...Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of potassium ions,most conventional anode materials undergo severe volume expansion,making it difficult to achieve stable and reversible energy storage.Therefore,developing high-performance anode materials is one of the critical factors in developing PIBs.In this sense,antimony(Sb)-based anode materials with high theoretical capacity and safe reaction potentials have a broad potential for application in PIBs.However,overcoming the rapid capacity decay induced by the large radius of potassium ions is still an issue that needs to be focused on.This paper reviews the latest research on different types of Sb-based anode materials and provides an in-depth analysis of their optimization strategies.We focus on material selection,structural design,and storage mechanisms to develop a detailed description of the material.In addition,the current challenges still faced by Sb-based anode materials are summarized,and some further optimization strategies have been added.We hope to provide some insights for researchers developing Sb-based anode materials for next-generation advanced PIBs.展开更多
Based on a large amount of literature about tool wear research,873 tool wear curves are taken as samples,and statistical analysis is carried out to select the most suitable tool from all the tool materials suggested b...Based on a large amount of literature about tool wear research,873 tool wear curves are taken as samples,and statistical analysis is carried out to select the most suitable tool from all the tool materials suggested by the tool manufacturers. Statistical relationships between the initial wear and uniform wear periods are obtained. The results show that there is qualitative relationship between wear rate during initial wear period （WRIWP） and wear rate in uniform wear period （WRUWP） to certain extent. On this basis,a tool material rapid selection method based on the initial wear is put forward,and suitable tool materials for machining titanium alloy are selected. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective and useful. The new tool materials rapid selection can be used to select suitable cutting tool materials quickly before carrying out systematic machinability tests with the most suitable tool materials. The technology can be applied to doing the initial selection of cutting tool materials in either the machinability research or the workshop production.展开更多
This paper examines the selection and performance evaluation of a variety of piezoelectric materials for cantilever-based sensor applications.The finite element analysis method is implemented to evaluate the relative ...This paper examines the selection and performance evaluation of a variety of piezoelectric materials for cantilever-based sensor applications.The finite element analysis method is implemented to evaluate the relative importance of materials properties such as Young's Modulus(E),piezoelectric stress constants(e_(31)),dielectric constant(ε)and Poisson's ratio(ν)for cantilever-based sensor applications.An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used to assign weights to the properties that are studied for the sensor structure under study.A technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)is used to rank the performance of the piezoelectric materials in the context of sensor voltage outputs.The ranking achieved by the TOPSIS analysis is in good agreement with the results obtained from finite element method simulation.The numerical simulations show that K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_(3)-LiSbO_(3)(KNN-LS)materials family is important for sensor application.Young's modulus(E)is most influencing material's property followed by piezoelectric constant(e_(31)),dielectric constant(ε)and Poisson's ratio(ν)for cantilever-based piezoelectric sensor applications.展开更多
Purpose–Material selection,driven by wide and often conflicting objectives,is an important,sometimes difficult problem in material engineering.In this context,multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methodologies are eff...Purpose–Material selection,driven by wide and often conflicting objectives,is an important,sometimes difficult problem in material engineering.In this context,multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methodologies are effective.An approach of MCDM is needed to cater to criteria of material assortment simultaneously.More firms are now concerned about increasing their productivity using mathematical tools.To occupy a gap in the previous literature this research recommends an integrated MCDM and mathematical Bi-objective model for the selection of material.In addition,by using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS),the inherent ambiguities of decision-makers in paired evaluations are considered in this research.It goes on to construct a mathematical bi-objective model for determining the best item to purchase.Design/methodology/approach–The entropy perspective is implemented in this paper to evaluate the weight parameters,while the TOPSIS technique is used to determine the best and worst intermediate pipe materials for automotive exhaust system.The intermediate pipes are used to join the components of the exhaust systems.The materials usually used to manufacture intermediate pipe are SUS 436LM,SUS 430,SUS 304,SUS 436L,SUH 409 L,SUS 441 L and SUS 439L.These seven materials are evaluated based on tensile strength(TS),hardness(H),elongation(E),yield strength(YS)and cost(C).A hybrid methodology combining entropy-based criteria weighting,with the TOPSIS for alternative ranking,is pursued to identify the optimal design material for an engineered application in this paper.This study aims to help while filling the information gap in selecting the most suitable material for use in the exhaust intermediate pipes.After that,the authors searched for and considered eight materials and evaluated them on the following five criteria:(1)TS,(2)YS,(3)H,(4)E and(5)C.The first two criteria have been chosen because they can have a lot of influence on the behavior of the exhaust intermediate pipes,on their performance and on the cost.In this structure,the weights of the criteria are calculated objectively through the entropy method in order to have an unbiased assessment.This essentially measures the quantity of information each criterion contribution,indicating the relative importance of these criteria better.Subsequently,the materials were ranked using the TOPSIS method in terms of their relative performance by measuring each material from an ideal solution to determine the best alternative.The results show that SUS 309,SUS 432L and SUS 436 LM are the first three materials that the exhaust intermediate pipe optimal design should consider.Findings–The material matrix of the decision presented in Table 3 was normalized through Equation 5,as shown in Table 5,and the matrix was multiplied with weighting criteriaß_j.The obtained weighted normalized matrix V_ij is presented in Table 6.However,the ideal,worst and best value was ascertained by employing Equation 7.This study is based on the selection of material for the development of intermediate pipe using MCDM,and it involves four basic stages,i.e.method of translation criteria,screening process,method of ranking and search for methods.The selection was done through the TOPSIS method,and the criteria weight was obtained by the entropy method.The result showed that the top three materials are SUS 309,SUS 432L and SUS 436 LM,respectively.For the future work,it is suggested to select more alternatives and criteria.The comparison can also be done by using different MCDM techniques like and Choice Expressing Reality(ELECTRE),Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation(PROMETHEE).Originality/value–The results provide important conclusions for material selection in this targeted application,verifying the employment of mutual entropy-TOPSIS methodology for a series of difficult engineering decisions in material engineering concepts that combine superior capacity with better performance as well as cost-efficiency in various engineering design.展开更多
The operation of deep-sea underwater vehicles relies entirely on onboard batteries.However,the extreme deep-sea conditions,characterized by ultrahigh hydraulic pressure,low temperature,and seawater conductivity,pose s...The operation of deep-sea underwater vehicles relies entirely on onboard batteries.However,the extreme deep-sea conditions,characterized by ultrahigh hydraulic pressure,low temperature,and seawater conductivity,pose significant challenges for battery development.These conditions drive the need for specialized designs in deep-sea batteries,incorporating critical aspects of power generation,protection,distribution,and management.Over time,deep-sea battery technology has evolved through multiple generations,with lithium(Li)batteries emerging in recent decades as the preferred power source due to their high energy and reduced operational risks.Although the rapid progress of Li batteries has notably advanced the capabilities of underwater vehicles,critical technical issues remain unresolved.This review first systematically presents the whole picture of deep-sea battery manufacturing,focusing on Li batteries as the current mainstream solution for underwater power.It examines the key aspects of deep-sea Li battery development,including materials selection informed by electro-chemo-mechanics models,component modification and testing,and battery management systems specialized in software and hardware.Finally,it discusses the main challenges limiting the utilization of deep-sea batteries and outlines promising directions for future development.Based on the systematic reflection on deep-sea batteries and discussion on deep-sea Li batteries,this review aims to provide a research foundation for developing underwater power tailored for extreme environmental exploration.展开更多
The enforcement on sustainable design and environmental-friendly products has attracted the interest of researchers and engineers in the context of replacing metals and synthetic fibers with natural based fibers,espec...The enforcement on sustainable design and environmental-friendly products has attracted the interest of researchers and engineers in the context of replacing metals and synthetic fibers with natural based fibers,especially in the automotive industry.However,studies on sustainable natural fiber material selection in the automotive industry are limited.Evaluation for the side-door impact beam was conducted by gathering product design specification from literature which amounted to seven criteria and it was forwarded to ten decision makers with automotive engineering and product design background for evaluation.The weightage required for decision-making was obtained using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method based on six criteria.Following this,the best natural fiber materials to be used as reinforcement in polymer composites were selected using the VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(VIKOR)method.The results using both the AHP and VIKOR method showed that kenaf was the best natural fiber for the side-door impact beam composites.The result showed the lowest VIKOR value,QA1=0.0000,which was determined to be within the acceptable advantage and acceptable stability conditions.It can be concluded that the application of integrated AHP-VIKOR method resulted in a systematic and justified solution towards the decision-making process.展开更多
An artificial neural networks(ANNs) based gear material selection hybrid intelligent system is established by analyzing the individual advantages and weakness of expert system (ES) and ANNs and the applications in mat...An artificial neural networks(ANNs) based gear material selection hybrid intelligent system is established by analyzing the individual advantages and weakness of expert system (ES) and ANNs and the applications in material select of them. The system mainly consists of tow parts: ES and ANNs. By being trained with much data samples, the back propagation (BP) ANN gets the knowledge of gear materials selection, and is able to inference according to user input. The system realizes the complementing of ANNs and ES. Using this system, engineers without materials selection experience can conveniently deal with gear materials selection.展开更多
The SafeAmpCase is an innovative 3D-printed solution developed to address critical challenges in transporting and storing fragile glass drug ampoules during emergencies.This study employs a multidisciplinary approach...The SafeAmpCase is an innovative 3D-printed solution developed to address critical challenges in transporting and storing fragile glass drug ampoules during emergencies.This study employs a multidisciplinary approach—integrating biomedical engineering,advanced materials science,and emergency medicine expertise—to develop a compact,durable,and user-friendly ampoule case.A key innovation lies in the strategic selection of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)as the material,leveraging its superior impact resistance,flexibility,and noise-damping characteristics to ensure reliability under performance in demanding real-world conditions.To optimize the 3D printing process,key parameters,including printing temperature(220-250℃),volumetric flow rate(3-20 mm^(3)/s),retraction speed(30-90 mm/s),and retraction length(0.4-1.2 mm),were systematically adjusted using calibration models.The final optimized parameters(245℃,7 mm^(3)/s,90 mm/s,and 1.2 mm)reduced production time by 43%while preserving structural integrity.American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)international standard drop tests confirmed the case’s exceptional impact resistance,demonstrating a 90%reduction in ampoule breakage compared to polylactic acid plus.Further refinements,guided by feedback from 25 emergency professionals,resulted in medicationspecific color coding and an enhanced locking mechanism for usability in high-pressure situations.The final SafeAmpCase model withstood 18 consecutive drop trials without ampoule breakage,confirming its robustness in field conditions.This research underscores the transformative potential of additive manufacturing in developing customized,high-performance solutions for critical healthcare applications,setting a new benchmark for biomedical device design and rapid prototyping.展开更多
Weight penalty has been a challenge for design engineers of aerospace vehicles.Today’s high-efficiency combat aircraft undergoes intense stress and strain during flying missions,which require stronger and stiffer mat...Weight penalty has been a challenge for design engineers of aerospace vehicles.Today’s high-efficiency combat aircraft undergoes intense stress and strain during flying missions,which require stronger and stiffer materials to retain structural integrity.Though metallic materials have been successfully used for the construction of aircraft structures and components,metals still have a low strength-to-weight ratio.This paper aims to develop an alternate optimised material selection methodology to replace the metallic skin of a medium-sized military aircraft.The search for the optimum material will result in reduced aircraft weight which will be benefitted by extra payload on the aircraft.The selection methodology is comprised of finding design pressure limits on the aircraft skin,and comparison of properties(strength,elastic modulus,shear modulus,etc.)and performance(safety factor,deflection,and stress)of the existing metallic skin with alternate optimised material.The comparison was made under aerodynamic pressure,bending force,and twisting moment.Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer/Epoxy(CFRP)Uni-Directional(UD)prepreg(elastic modolus is 209 GPa)was selected as an alternate optimum material to replace the aluminium alloy skin of the aircraft studied.The selected alternate optimum material resulted in the reduction of aircraft skin weight by 30%.展开更多
The present work reviews different decision making tools(material comparing and choosing tools)used for selecting the best material considering different parameters.In this review work,the authors have tried to addres...The present work reviews different decision making tools(material comparing and choosing tools)used for selecting the best material considering different parameters.In this review work,the authors have tried to address the following important enquiries:1)the engineering applications addressed by the different material choosing and ranking methods;2)the predominantly used decision making tools addressing the optimal material selection for the engineering applications;3)merits and demerits of decision making tools used;4)the dominantly used criteria or objectives considered while selecting a suitable alternative material;5)overview of DEA on material selection field.The authors have surveyed literatures from different regions of the globe and considered literatures since 1988.The present review not only stresses the importance of material selection in the early design stage of the product development but also aids the design and material engineers to apply different decision making tools systematically.展开更多
Nowadays,both n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells（PSCs） device structures are reported to give high performance with photo conversion efficiencies（PCEs） above 20%.The efficiency of the PSCs is fundementally det...Nowadays,both n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells（PSCs） device structures are reported to give high performance with photo conversion efficiencies（PCEs） above 20%.The efficiency of the PSCs is fundementally determined by the charge selective contact materials.Hence,by introducing proper contact materials with good charge selectivity,one could potentially reduce interfacial charge recombination as well as increase device performance.In the past few years,copious charge selective contact materials have been proposed.Significant improvements in the corresponding devices were observed and the reported PCEs were close to that of classic Spiro-OMeTAD.This mini-review summarizes the state-of-the-art progress of typical electron/hole selective contact materials for efficient perovskite solar cells and an outlook to their development is made.展开更多
Arsenic is a highly toxic element and its contamination in water bodies is a worldwide problem. Arsenic adsorption with metal oxides/hydroxides-based adsorbents is an effective approach to remove arsenic species from ...Arsenic is a highly toxic element and its contamination in water bodies is a worldwide problem. Arsenic adsorption with metal oxides/hydroxides-based adsorbents is an effective approach to remove arsenic species from water for the health of both human beings and the environment. However, no material criterion had been proposed for the selection of potential candidates. Equally puzzling is the fact that no clear explanation was available on the poor arsenic adsorption performance of some commonly used adsorbents, such as active carbon or silica. Furthermore, in-depth examination was also not available for the dramatically different competing adsorption effects of various anions on the arsenic adsorption. Through the arsenic adsorption mechanism study on these highly efficient arsenic adsorbents, we found that ionic potential could be used as a general material criterion for the selection of highly efficient arsenic adsorbents and such a criterion could help us to understand the above questions on arsenic adsorbents. This material criterion could be further applied to the selection of highly efficient adsorbents based on ligand exchange between their surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbates in general, which may be used for the prediction of novel adsorbents for the removal of various contaminations in water.展开更多
To reduce the environmental impact of mechanical parts, an approach integrating structural design and material selection was studied. Adding the discrete variable of material, a hybrid optimization model was built wit...To reduce the environmental impact of mechanical parts, an approach integrating structural design and material selection was studied. Adding the discrete variable of material, a hybrid optimization model was built with the aim of minimizing environmental impact and based on an ordinary structure optimization model. An optional material set was built by combining measures of qualitative and quantitative screening, while the lifecycle environmental impact of the materials was quantified using the method of Eco-indicator 99. Two groups of structurally optimal solutions were calculated with ideal and negative-ideal materials selected respectively, and then the hybrid model was simplified by comparing the solutions. A material environmental performance index was calculated using an analytic method. By comparing this index for every material in the optional material set, the optimal material can be found and the structural solutions calculated. This method was applied to a dowel bar design process as a case study. The results show that the environmental impact of each material has a significant effect on the optimal structural solution, and it is necessary to study the integration of structural design and material selection.展开更多
In this paper,sine trigonometry operational laws(ST-OLs)have been extended to neutrosophic sets(NSs)and the operations and functionality of these laws are studied.Then,extending these ST-OLs to complex neutrosophic se...In this paper,sine trigonometry operational laws(ST-OLs)have been extended to neutrosophic sets(NSs)and the operations and functionality of these laws are studied.Then,extending these ST-OLs to complex neutrosophic sets(CNSs)forms the core of thiswork.Some of themathematical properties are proved based on ST-OLs.Fundamental operations and the distance measures between complex neutrosophic numbers(CNNs)based on the ST-OLs are discussed with numerical illustrations.Further the arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators are established and their properties are verified with numerical data.The general properties of the developed sine trigonometry weighted averaging/geometric aggregation operators for CNNs(ST-WAAO-CNN&ST-WGAO-CNN)are proved.A decision making technique based on these operators has been developed with the help of unsupervised criteria weighting approach called Entropy-ST-OLs-CNDM(complex neutrosophic decision making)method.A case study for material selection has been chosen to demonstrate the ST-OLs of CNDM method.To check the validity of the proposed method,entropy based complex neutrosophic CODAS approach with ST-OLs has been executed numerically and a comparative analysis with the discussion of their outcomes has been conducted.The proposed approach proves to be salient and effective for decision making with complex information.展开更多
The employment of natural fibres in fused deposition modeling has raised much attention from researchers in finding a suitable formulation for the natural fibre composite filaments.Moreover,selection of suitable natur...The employment of natural fibres in fused deposition modeling has raised much attention from researchers in finding a suitable formulation for the natural fibre composite filaments.Moreover,selection of suitable natural fibres for fused deposition modeling should be performed before the development of the composites.It could not be performed without identifying selection criteria that comprehend both materials and fused deposition modeling process requirements.Therefore,in this study,integration of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)/Analytic Network Process(ANP)has been introduced in selecting the natural fibres based in different clusters of selection concurrently.The selection process has been performed based on the interdependency among the selection criteria.Pairwise comparison matrices are constructed based on AHP’s hierarchical model and super matrices are constructed based on the ANP’s network model.As a result,flax fibre has ranked at the top of the selection by scored 19.5%from the overall evaluation.Flax fibre has excellent material properties and been found in various natural fibre composite applications.Further investigation is needed to study the compatibility of this fibre to be reinforced with a thermoplastic polymer matrix to develop a resultant natural fibre composite filament for fused deposition modeling.展开更多
Material selection has become a critical part of design for engineers,due to availability of diverse choice of materials that have similar properties and meet the product design specification.Implementation of statist...Material selection has become a critical part of design for engineers,due to availability of diverse choice of materials that have similar properties and meet the product design specification.Implementation of statistical analysis alone makes it difficult to identify the ideal composition of the final composite.An integrated approach between statistical model and micromechanical model is desired.In this paper,resultant natural fibre and polymer matrix from previous study is used to estimate the mechanical properties such as density,Young’s modulus and tensile strength.Four levels of fibre loading are used to compare the optimum natural fibre reinforced polymer composite(NFRPC).The result from this analytical approach revealed that kenaf/polystyrene(PS)with 40%fibre loading is the ideal composite in automotive component application.It was found that the ideal composite score is 1.156 g/cm^(3),24.2 GPa and 413.4 MPa for density,Young’s modulus and tensile strength,respectively.A suggestion to increase the properties on Young’s modulus are also presented.This work proves that the statistical model is well incorporated with the analytical approach to choose the correct composite to use in automotive application.展开更多
1 Technology of natural materials Early man used conveniently shaped stones as tools. ＂Workshop＂ areas have been found with large numbers of stones, some showing signs of being worked. However, organic materials li...1 Technology of natural materials Early man used conveniently shaped stones as tools. ＂Workshop＂ areas have been found with large numbers of stones, some showing signs of being worked. However, organic materials like wood will decay under normal wet conditions in the presence of oxygen, so we won＇t find the same sort of evidence for wooden tools. It is safe to assume that early man used sticks as probes and clubs, and maybe even for making some sort of nestlike protection against the elements and predators, since we see chimpanzees and other animals doing this sort of thing. So wood, and ahnost certainly other plant materials such as fibrous leaves, and bone and other materials gleaned from dead animals, would be used from the earliest times. We need to know this in order to establish the idea that Man can be expected to have a long history of the use and manipulation of natural materials. This needs skills in choosing materials for certain uses on the basis of their mechanical properties, whether those properties are to do with the ease of shaping the material or the effectiveness of that material in use. Occasionally the material was chosen simply because it was readily available. If we find that a particular material was always used for a certain job, it＇s reasonable to deduce that Man was exerting materials selection criteria through experience.展开更多
The data warehouse is the most widely used database structure in many decision support systems around the world. This is the reason why a lot of research has been conducted in the literature over the last two decades ...The data warehouse is the most widely used database structure in many decision support systems around the world. This is the reason why a lot of research has been conducted in the literature over the last two decades on their design, refreshment and optimization. The manipulation of hypercubes (cubes) of data is a frequently used operation in the design of multidimensional data warehouses, due to their better adaptation to OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing). However, the updating of these hypercubes is a very complicated process due mainly to the mass and complexity of the data presented. The purpose of this paper is to present the state of the art of works based on multidimensional modeling using the hypercube as a unit of presentation of data stores. It starts with the base of this process which is the choice of the views (cubes) forming our data warehouse base. The objective of this work is to describe the state of the art of research works dealing with the selection of materialized views in decision support systems.展开更多
文摘Materials selection is a multiple attribute decision making(MADM)problem.A lot of MADM methods are applicable to materials selection,and it may produce considerable differences between the results of materials selection.But it is unknown which MADM method is better.So it is desirable to decide reasonable final result of materials selection in consideration of the individual results from different MADM methods.In this paper,materials selection method combined with different MADM methods is proposed.The method is based on final ranks of alternative materials,where the final ranks are determined from the ranks of the alternative materials using different MADM methods.This method is applied to select optimal magnesium alloy material for automobile wheels.This method may be widely used to select optimal material in engineering practice.
文摘Natural fibre reinforced polymer composite(NFRPC)materials are gaining popularity in the modern world due to their eco-friendliness,lightweight nature,life-cycle superiority,biodegradability,low cost,and noble mechanical properties.Due to the wide variety of materials available that have comparable attributes and satisfy the requirements of the product design specification,material selection has become a crucial component of design for engineers.This paper discusses the study’s findings in choosing the suitable thermoplastic matrices of Natural Fibre Composites for Cyclist Helmet utilising the DMAIC,and GRA approaches.The results are based on integrating two decision methods implemented utilising two distinct decision-making approaches:qualitative and quantitative.This study suggested thermoplastic polyethylene as a particularly ideal matrix in composite cyclist helmets during the selection process for the best thermoplastic matrices material using the 6σtechnique,with the decision based on the highest performance,the lightest weight,and the most environmentally friendly criteria.The DMAIC and GRA approach significantly influenced the material selection process by offering different tools for each phase.In the future study,selection technique may have been more exhaustive if more information from other factors had been added.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209057)the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A04J0839)。
文摘Thanks to its abundant reserves,relatively high energy density,and low reduction potential,potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have a high potential for large-scale energy storage applications.Due to the large radius of potassium ions,most conventional anode materials undergo severe volume expansion,making it difficult to achieve stable and reversible energy storage.Therefore,developing high-performance anode materials is one of the critical factors in developing PIBs.In this sense,antimony(Sb)-based anode materials with high theoretical capacity and safe reaction potentials have a broad potential for application in PIBs.However,overcoming the rapid capacity decay induced by the large radius of potassium ions is still an issue that needs to be focused on.This paper reviews the latest research on different types of Sb-based anode materials and provides an in-depth analysis of their optimization strategies.We focus on material selection,structural design,and storage mechanisms to develop a detailed description of the material.In addition,the current challenges still faced by Sb-based anode materials are summarized,and some further optimization strategies have been added.We hope to provide some insights for researchers developing Sb-based anode materials for next-generation advanced PIBs.
文摘Based on a large amount of literature about tool wear research,873 tool wear curves are taken as samples,and statistical analysis is carried out to select the most suitable tool from all the tool materials suggested by the tool manufacturers. Statistical relationships between the initial wear and uniform wear periods are obtained. The results show that there is qualitative relationship between wear rate during initial wear period （WRIWP） and wear rate in uniform wear period （WRUWP） to certain extent. On this basis,a tool material rapid selection method based on the initial wear is put forward,and suitable tool materials for machining titanium alloy are selected. The experimental results indicate that this method is effective and useful. The new tool materials rapid selection can be used to select suitable cutting tool materials quickly before carrying out systematic machinability tests with the most suitable tool materials. The technology can be applied to doing the initial selection of cutting tool materials in either the machinability research or the workshop production.
文摘This paper examines the selection and performance evaluation of a variety of piezoelectric materials for cantilever-based sensor applications.The finite element analysis method is implemented to evaluate the relative importance of materials properties such as Young's Modulus(E),piezoelectric stress constants(e_(31)),dielectric constant(ε)and Poisson's ratio(ν)for cantilever-based sensor applications.An analytic hierarchy process(AHP)is used to assign weights to the properties that are studied for the sensor structure under study.A technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)is used to rank the performance of the piezoelectric materials in the context of sensor voltage outputs.The ranking achieved by the TOPSIS analysis is in good agreement with the results obtained from finite element method simulation.The numerical simulations show that K_(0.5)Na_(0.5)NbO_(3)-LiSbO_(3)(KNN-LS)materials family is important for sensor application.Young's modulus(E)is most influencing material's property followed by piezoelectric constant(e_(31)),dielectric constant(ε)and Poisson's ratio(ν)for cantilever-based piezoelectric sensor applications.
文摘Purpose–Material selection,driven by wide and often conflicting objectives,is an important,sometimes difficult problem in material engineering.In this context,multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)methodologies are effective.An approach of MCDM is needed to cater to criteria of material assortment simultaneously.More firms are now concerned about increasing their productivity using mathematical tools.To occupy a gap in the previous literature this research recommends an integrated MCDM and mathematical Bi-objective model for the selection of material.In addition,by using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS),the inherent ambiguities of decision-makers in paired evaluations are considered in this research.It goes on to construct a mathematical bi-objective model for determining the best item to purchase.Design/methodology/approach–The entropy perspective is implemented in this paper to evaluate the weight parameters,while the TOPSIS technique is used to determine the best and worst intermediate pipe materials for automotive exhaust system.The intermediate pipes are used to join the components of the exhaust systems.The materials usually used to manufacture intermediate pipe are SUS 436LM,SUS 430,SUS 304,SUS 436L,SUH 409 L,SUS 441 L and SUS 439L.These seven materials are evaluated based on tensile strength(TS),hardness(H),elongation(E),yield strength(YS)and cost(C).A hybrid methodology combining entropy-based criteria weighting,with the TOPSIS for alternative ranking,is pursued to identify the optimal design material for an engineered application in this paper.This study aims to help while filling the information gap in selecting the most suitable material for use in the exhaust intermediate pipes.After that,the authors searched for and considered eight materials and evaluated them on the following five criteria:(1)TS,(2)YS,(3)H,(4)E and(5)C.The first two criteria have been chosen because they can have a lot of influence on the behavior of the exhaust intermediate pipes,on their performance and on the cost.In this structure,the weights of the criteria are calculated objectively through the entropy method in order to have an unbiased assessment.This essentially measures the quantity of information each criterion contribution,indicating the relative importance of these criteria better.Subsequently,the materials were ranked using the TOPSIS method in terms of their relative performance by measuring each material from an ideal solution to determine the best alternative.The results show that SUS 309,SUS 432L and SUS 436 LM are the first three materials that the exhaust intermediate pipe optimal design should consider.Findings–The material matrix of the decision presented in Table 3 was normalized through Equation 5,as shown in Table 5,and the matrix was multiplied with weighting criteriaß_j.The obtained weighted normalized matrix V_ij is presented in Table 6.However,the ideal,worst and best value was ascertained by employing Equation 7.This study is based on the selection of material for the development of intermediate pipe using MCDM,and it involves four basic stages,i.e.method of translation criteria,screening process,method of ranking and search for methods.The selection was done through the TOPSIS method,and the criteria weight was obtained by the entropy method.The result showed that the top three materials are SUS 309,SUS 432L and SUS 436 LM,respectively.For the future work,it is suggested to select more alternatives and criteria.The comparison can also be done by using different MCDM techniques like and Choice Expressing Reality(ELECTRE),Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)and Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation(PROMETHEE).Originality/value–The results provide important conclusions for material selection in this targeted application,verifying the employment of mutual entropy-TOPSIS methodology for a series of difficult engineering decisions in material engineering concepts that combine superior capacity with better performance as well as cost-efficiency in various engineering design.
基金support provided by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0203000 and 2016YFC0300200)the NSAF(Grant No.U2330205)+3 种基金Full-Sea-Depth Battery Project(2020-XXXX-XX-246-00)Open project of Shaanxi Laboratory of Aerospace Power(2022ZY2-JCYJ-01-09)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ND Basic Research Funds(G2022WD)the Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province。
文摘The operation of deep-sea underwater vehicles relies entirely on onboard batteries.However,the extreme deep-sea conditions,characterized by ultrahigh hydraulic pressure,low temperature,and seawater conductivity,pose significant challenges for battery development.These conditions drive the need for specialized designs in deep-sea batteries,incorporating critical aspects of power generation,protection,distribution,and management.Over time,deep-sea battery technology has evolved through multiple generations,with lithium(Li)batteries emerging in recent decades as the preferred power source due to their high energy and reduced operational risks.Although the rapid progress of Li batteries has notably advanced the capabilities of underwater vehicles,critical technical issues remain unresolved.This review first systematically presents the whole picture of deep-sea battery manufacturing,focusing on Li batteries as the current mainstream solution for underwater power.It examines the key aspects of deep-sea Li battery development,including materials selection informed by electro-chemo-mechanics models,component modification and testing,and battery management systems specialized in software and hardware.Finally,it discusses the main challenges limiting the utilization of deep-sea batteries and outlines promising directions for future development.Based on the systematic reflection on deep-sea batteries and discussion on deep-sea Li batteries,this review aims to provide a research foundation for developing underwater power tailored for extreme environmental exploration.
基金provided through the Putra Grant IPS(GP-IPS/2016/9515100)。
文摘The enforcement on sustainable design and environmental-friendly products has attracted the interest of researchers and engineers in the context of replacing metals and synthetic fibers with natural based fibers,especially in the automotive industry.However,studies on sustainable natural fiber material selection in the automotive industry are limited.Evaluation for the side-door impact beam was conducted by gathering product design specification from literature which amounted to seven criteria and it was forwarded to ten decision makers with automotive engineering and product design background for evaluation.The weightage required for decision-making was obtained using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method based on six criteria.Following this,the best natural fiber materials to be used as reinforcement in polymer composites were selected using the VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(VIKOR)method.The results using both the AHP and VIKOR method showed that kenaf was the best natural fiber for the side-door impact beam composites.The result showed the lowest VIKOR value,QA1=0.0000,which was determined to be within the acceptable advantage and acceptable stability conditions.It can be concluded that the application of integrated AHP-VIKOR method resulted in a systematic and justified solution towards the decision-making process.
文摘An artificial neural networks(ANNs) based gear material selection hybrid intelligent system is established by analyzing the individual advantages and weakness of expert system (ES) and ANNs and the applications in material select of them. The system mainly consists of tow parts: ES and ANNs. By being trained with much data samples, the back propagation (BP) ANN gets the knowledge of gear materials selection, and is able to inference according to user input. The system realizes the complementing of ANNs and ES. Using this system, engineers without materials selection experience can conveniently deal with gear materials selection.
基金Open access funding provided by Ben-Gurion University.
文摘The SafeAmpCase is an innovative 3D-printed solution developed to address critical challenges in transporting and storing fragile glass drug ampoules during emergencies.This study employs a multidisciplinary approach—integrating biomedical engineering,advanced materials science,and emergency medicine expertise—to develop a compact,durable,and user-friendly ampoule case.A key innovation lies in the strategic selection of thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)as the material,leveraging its superior impact resistance,flexibility,and noise-damping characteristics to ensure reliability under performance in demanding real-world conditions.To optimize the 3D printing process,key parameters,including printing temperature(220-250℃),volumetric flow rate(3-20 mm^(3)/s),retraction speed(30-90 mm/s),and retraction length(0.4-1.2 mm),were systematically adjusted using calibration models.The final optimized parameters(245℃,7 mm^(3)/s,90 mm/s,and 1.2 mm)reduced production time by 43%while preserving structural integrity.American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM)international standard drop tests confirmed the case’s exceptional impact resistance,demonstrating a 90%reduction in ampoule breakage compared to polylactic acid plus.Further refinements,guided by feedback from 25 emergency professionals,resulted in medicationspecific color coding and an enhanced locking mechanism for usability in high-pressure situations.The final SafeAmpCase model withstood 18 consecutive drop trials without ampoule breakage,confirming its robustness in field conditions.This research underscores the transformative potential of additive manufacturing in developing customized,high-performance solutions for critical healthcare applications,setting a new benchmark for biomedical device design and rapid prototyping.
基金funding this work through the Large Groups Research Project(No.RGP.2/163/43).
文摘Weight penalty has been a challenge for design engineers of aerospace vehicles.Today’s high-efficiency combat aircraft undergoes intense stress and strain during flying missions,which require stronger and stiffer materials to retain structural integrity.Though metallic materials have been successfully used for the construction of aircraft structures and components,metals still have a low strength-to-weight ratio.This paper aims to develop an alternate optimised material selection methodology to replace the metallic skin of a medium-sized military aircraft.The search for the optimum material will result in reduced aircraft weight which will be benefitted by extra payload on the aircraft.The selection methodology is comprised of finding design pressure limits on the aircraft skin,and comparison of properties(strength,elastic modulus,shear modulus,etc.)and performance(safety factor,deflection,and stress)of the existing metallic skin with alternate optimised material.The comparison was made under aerodynamic pressure,bending force,and twisting moment.Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer/Epoxy(CFRP)Uni-Directional(UD)prepreg(elastic modolus is 209 GPa)was selected as an alternate optimum material to replace the aluminium alloy skin of the aircraft studied.The selected alternate optimum material resulted in the reduction of aircraft skin weight by 30%.
基金the financial support received from MHRD, India during the course of research work.
文摘The present work reviews different decision making tools(material comparing and choosing tools)used for selecting the best material considering different parameters.In this review work,the authors have tried to address the following important enquiries:1)the engineering applications addressed by the different material choosing and ranking methods;2)the predominantly used decision making tools addressing the optimal material selection for the engineering applications;3)merits and demerits of decision making tools used;4)the dominantly used criteria or objectives considered while selecting a suitable alternative material;5)overview of DEA on material selection field.The authors have surveyed literatures from different regions of the globe and considered literatures since 1988.The present review not only stresses the importance of material selection in the early design stage of the product development but also aids the design and material engineers to apply different decision making tools systematically.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21404045)the financial support from "Hundred Talents Program" of the Haixi Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.1017001)
文摘Nowadays,both n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells（PSCs） device structures are reported to give high performance with photo conversion efficiencies（PCEs） above 20%.The efficiency of the PSCs is fundementally determined by the charge selective contact materials.Hence,by introducing proper contact materials with good charge selectivity,one could potentially reduce interfacial charge recombination as well as increase device performance.In the past few years,copious charge selective contact materials have been proposed.Significant improvements in the corresponding devices were observed and the reported PCEs were close to that of classic Spiro-OMeTAD.This mini-review summarizes the state-of-the-art progress of typical electron/hole selective contact materials for efficient perovskite solar cells and an outlook to their development is made.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Institute of Metal Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y0N5A111A1)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y2N5711171)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry,China
文摘Arsenic is a highly toxic element and its contamination in water bodies is a worldwide problem. Arsenic adsorption with metal oxides/hydroxides-based adsorbents is an effective approach to remove arsenic species from water for the health of both human beings and the environment. However, no material criterion had been proposed for the selection of potential candidates. Equally puzzling is the fact that no clear explanation was available on the poor arsenic adsorption performance of some commonly used adsorbents, such as active carbon or silica. Furthermore, in-depth examination was also not available for the dramatically different competing adsorption effects of various anions on the arsenic adsorption. Through the arsenic adsorption mechanism study on these highly efficient arsenic adsorbents, we found that ionic potential could be used as a general material criterion for the selection of highly efficient arsenic adsorbents and such a criterion could help us to understand the above questions on arsenic adsorbents. This material criterion could be further applied to the selection of highly efficient adsorbents based on ligand exchange between their surface hydroxyl groups and adsorbates in general, which may be used for the prediction of novel adsorbents for the removal of various contaminations in water.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51275458)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LY12E05019)
文摘To reduce the environmental impact of mechanical parts, an approach integrating structural design and material selection was studied. Adding the discrete variable of material, a hybrid optimization model was built with the aim of minimizing environmental impact and based on an ordinary structure optimization model. An optional material set was built by combining measures of qualitative and quantitative screening, while the lifecycle environmental impact of the materials was quantified using the method of Eco-indicator 99. Two groups of structurally optimal solutions were calculated with ideal and negative-ideal materials selected respectively, and then the hybrid model was simplified by comparing the solutions. A material environmental performance index was calculated using an analytic method. By comparing this index for every material in the optional material set, the optimal material can be found and the structural solutions calculated. This method was applied to a dowel bar design process as a case study. The results show that the environmental impact of each material has a significant effect on the optimal structural solution, and it is necessary to study the integration of structural design and material selection.
基金the Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi.
文摘In this paper,sine trigonometry operational laws(ST-OLs)have been extended to neutrosophic sets(NSs)and the operations and functionality of these laws are studied.Then,extending these ST-OLs to complex neutrosophic sets(CNSs)forms the core of thiswork.Some of themathematical properties are proved based on ST-OLs.Fundamental operations and the distance measures between complex neutrosophic numbers(CNNs)based on the ST-OLs are discussed with numerical illustrations.Further the arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators are established and their properties are verified with numerical data.The general properties of the developed sine trigonometry weighted averaging/geometric aggregation operators for CNNs(ST-WAAO-CNN&ST-WGAO-CNN)are proved.A decision making technique based on these operators has been developed with the help of unsupervised criteria weighting approach called Entropy-ST-OLs-CNDM(complex neutrosophic decision making)method.A case study for material selection has been chosen to demonstrate the ST-OLs of CNDM method.To check the validity of the proposed method,entropy based complex neutrosophic CODAS approach with ST-OLs has been executed numerically and a comparative analysis with the discussion of their outcomes has been conducted.The proposed approach proves to be salient and effective for decision making with complex information.
基金Mastura M.T.received financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(https://www.mohe.gov.my/en/services/research/mygrants)Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2020/FTKMP-CARE/F00456).
文摘The employment of natural fibres in fused deposition modeling has raised much attention from researchers in finding a suitable formulation for the natural fibre composite filaments.Moreover,selection of suitable natural fibres for fused deposition modeling should be performed before the development of the composites.It could not be performed without identifying selection criteria that comprehend both materials and fused deposition modeling process requirements.Therefore,in this study,integration of the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)/Analytic Network Process(ANP)has been introduced in selecting the natural fibres based in different clusters of selection concurrently.The selection process has been performed based on the interdependency among the selection criteria.Pairwise comparison matrices are constructed based on AHP’s hierarchical model and super matrices are constructed based on the ANP’s network model.As a result,flax fibre has ranked at the top of the selection by scored 19.5%from the overall evaluation.Flax fibre has excellent material properties and been found in various natural fibre composite applications.Further investigation is needed to study the compatibility of this fibre to be reinforced with a thermoplastic polymer matrix to develop a resultant natural fibre composite filament for fused deposition modeling.
文摘Material selection has become a critical part of design for engineers,due to availability of diverse choice of materials that have similar properties and meet the product design specification.Implementation of statistical analysis alone makes it difficult to identify the ideal composition of the final composite.An integrated approach between statistical model and micromechanical model is desired.In this paper,resultant natural fibre and polymer matrix from previous study is used to estimate the mechanical properties such as density,Young’s modulus and tensile strength.Four levels of fibre loading are used to compare the optimum natural fibre reinforced polymer composite(NFRPC).The result from this analytical approach revealed that kenaf/polystyrene(PS)with 40%fibre loading is the ideal composite in automotive component application.It was found that the ideal composite score is 1.156 g/cm^(3),24.2 GPa and 413.4 MPa for density,Young’s modulus and tensile strength,respectively.A suggestion to increase the properties on Young’s modulus are also presented.This work proves that the statistical model is well incorporated with the analytical approach to choose the correct composite to use in automotive application.
文摘1 Technology of natural materials Early man used conveniently shaped stones as tools. ＂Workshop＂ areas have been found with large numbers of stones, some showing signs of being worked. However, organic materials like wood will decay under normal wet conditions in the presence of oxygen, so we won＇t find the same sort of evidence for wooden tools. It is safe to assume that early man used sticks as probes and clubs, and maybe even for making some sort of nestlike protection against the elements and predators, since we see chimpanzees and other animals doing this sort of thing. So wood, and ahnost certainly other plant materials such as fibrous leaves, and bone and other materials gleaned from dead animals, would be used from the earliest times. We need to know this in order to establish the idea that Man can be expected to have a long history of the use and manipulation of natural materials. This needs skills in choosing materials for certain uses on the basis of their mechanical properties, whether those properties are to do with the ease of shaping the material or the effectiveness of that material in use. Occasionally the material was chosen simply because it was readily available. If we find that a particular material was always used for a certain job, it＇s reasonable to deduce that Man was exerting materials selection criteria through experience.
文摘The data warehouse is the most widely used database structure in many decision support systems around the world. This is the reason why a lot of research has been conducted in the literature over the last two decades on their design, refreshment and optimization. The manipulation of hypercubes (cubes) of data is a frequently used operation in the design of multidimensional data warehouses, due to their better adaptation to OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing). However, the updating of these hypercubes is a very complicated process due mainly to the mass and complexity of the data presented. The purpose of this paper is to present the state of the art of works based on multidimensional modeling using the hypercube as a unit of presentation of data stores. It starts with the base of this process which is the choice of the views (cubes) forming our data warehouse base. The objective of this work is to describe the state of the art of research works dealing with the selection of materialized views in decision support systems.
