In the present study, the indentation testing with a flat cylindrical indenter on typical multi-layer material systems was simulated successfully by finite element method. The emphasis was put on the methods of extrac...In the present study, the indentation testing with a flat cylindrical indenter on typical multi-layer material systems was simulated successfully by finite element method. The emphasis was put on the methods of extracting the yield stresses and strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers of three-layer material systems from the indentation testing. The slope of the indentation depth to the applied indentation stress curve was found to have a turning point, which can be used to determine the yield stress of the upper-layer. Then, a different method was also presented to determine the yield stress of the middle-layer. This method was based on a set of assumed applied indentation stresses which were to be intersected by the experimental results in order to meet the requirement of having the experimental indentation depth. At last, a reverse numerical algorithm was explored to determine the yield stresses of upper and middle-layers simultaneously by using the indentation testing with two different size indenters. This method assumed two ranges of yield stresses to simulate the indentation behavior. The experimental depth behavior was used to intersect the simulated indentation behavior. And the intersection corresponded to the values of yield stresses of upper and middle-layers. This method was also used further to determine the strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers simultaneously.展开更多
Building processing,structure,and property(PSP)relations for computational materials design is at the heart of the Materials Genome Initiative in the era of high-throughput computational materials science.Recent techn...Building processing,structure,and property(PSP)relations for computational materials design is at the heart of the Materials Genome Initiative in the era of high-throughput computational materials science.Recent technological advancements in data acquisition and storage,microstructure characterization and reconstruction(MCR),machine learning(ML),materials modeling and simulation,data processing,manufacturing,and experimentation have significantly advanced researchers’abilities in building PSP relations and inverse material design.In this article,we examine these advancements from the perspective of design research.In particular,we introduce a data-centric approach whose fundamental aspects fall into three categories:design representation,design evaluation,and design synthesis.Developments in each of these aspects are guided by and benefit from domain knowledge.Hence,for each aspect,we present a wide range of computational methods whose integration realizes data-centric materials discovery and design.展开更多
Ferroelectrics are a type of material with a polar structure and their polarization direction can be inverted reversibly by applying an electric field.They have attracted tremendous attention for their extensive appli...Ferroelectrics are a type of material with a polar structure and their polarization direction can be inverted reversibly by applying an electric field.They have attracted tremendous attention for their extensive applications in non-volatile memory,sensors and neuromorphic computing.However,conventional ferroelectric materials face insulating and interfacial issues in the commercialization process.In contrast,two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric materials usually have excellent semiconductor performance,clean van der Waals interfaces and robust ferroelectric order in atom-thick layers,and hold greater promise for constructing multifunctional ferroelectric optoelectronic devices and nondestructive ultra-high-density memory.Recently,2D ferroelectrics have obtained impressive breakthroughs,showing overwhelming superiority.Herein,firstly,the progress of experimental research on 2D ferroelectric materials is reviewed.Then,the preparation of 2D ferroelectric devices and their applications are discussed.Finally,the future development trend of 2D ferroelectrics is looked at.展开更多
The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an over...The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.展开更多
This paper focuses on ACF artificial cartilage biomimetic energy-absorbing materials,exploring the entire process from fundamental research to industrial transformation.By analyzing the key nodes and technological bre...This paper focuses on ACF artificial cartilage biomimetic energy-absorbing materials,exploring the entire process from fundamental research to industrial transformation.By analyzing the key nodes and technological breakthroughs in the research and development journey,as well as the market strategies and collaboration models in the transformation practices,this study reveals the profound insights ACF provides to the technological innovation ecosystem in terms of concepts,mechanisms,and resource integration,and constructs a universally applicable and forward-looking paradigm for technological innovation.Aiming to provide comprehensive and in-depth case studies for materials science and the entire technological innovation system,facilitating the innovative development and progress in related areas.展开更多
The need to transport goods across countries and islands has resulted in a high demand for commercial vessels.Owing to such trends,shipyards must efficiently produce ships to reduce production costs.Layout and materia...The need to transport goods across countries and islands has resulted in a high demand for commercial vessels.Owing to such trends,shipyards must efficiently produce ships to reduce production costs.Layout and material flow are among the crucial aspects determining the efficiency of the production at a shipyard.This paper presents the initial design optimization of a shipyard layout using Nondominated Sorting Algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)to find the optimal configuration of workstations in a shipyard layout.The proposed method focuses on simultaneously minimizing two material handling costs,namely work-based material handling and duration-based material handling.NSGA-Ⅱ determines the order of workstations in the shipyard layout.The semiflexible bay structure is then used in the workstation placement process from the sequence formed in NSGA-Ⅱ into a complete design.Considering that this study is a case of multiobjective optimization,the performance for both objectives at each iteration is presented in a 3D graph.Results indicate that after 500 iterations,the optimal configuration yields a work-based MHC of 163670.0 WBM-units and a duration-based MHC of 34750 DBM-units.Starting from a random solution,the efficiency of NSGA-Ⅱ demonstrates significant improvements,achieving a 50.19%reduction in work-based MHC and a 48.58%reduction in duration-based MHC.展开更多
Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms ha...Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined.This study applies liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,network pharmacology,and animal studies to reveal the material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of LZ.The mixed decoction(LZ-ME)and single decoction(LZ-SE)were prepared to study their chemical components.Network pharmacology was used to predict the sleep-improving targets and signaling pathways of LZ.ICR mice were intragastrically administered saline(NC),melatonin(positive control group,0.50 mg/kg),low(12.90 g/kg),medium(25.70 g/kg),and high(38.60 g/kg)dose of LZ-ME and LZ-SH for 30 days.The results showed that LZ-ME could prolong the sleep duration and shorten the sleep latency in sodium barbiturate induced mice model.The results of chemical composition showed that total polysaccharides,total flavonoids,total saponins,and total alkaloids in LZ-ME were significantly higher than those in LZ-SE(177.20%,82.34%,30.58%,and 11.66%,respectively).A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS),and 8 representative difference components of LZ-ME and LZ-SE were found.LZ-ME significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in mice serum and neurotransmitterγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels in mice hippocampus,decreased dopamine(DA)and glutamate(Glu)levels in mice hippocampus(P<0.05).Furthermore,LZ-ME up-regulated the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Eubacterium_R,down-regulated the abundance of the harmful bacteria Lachnospiraceae etc.The polysaccharides,flavonoids(spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin)and saponins(jujuboside A and jujuboside B)were the main material bases for the sleep-promoting effects of LZ.These compounds may directly enhance levels of the GABA,reduced levels of Glu and DA and improve TNF-αlevels.And they also may indirectly regulate GABA levels by influencing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Eubacterium.展开更多
The design and synthesis of a novel π-conjugated fiuorescent framework by external ligand-assisted C-H olefination of heterocycles with excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate scope are reported herein.These n...The design and synthesis of a novel π-conjugated fiuorescent framework by external ligand-assisted C-H olefination of heterocycles with excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate scope are reported herein.These novel fiuorescent materials could present full-color-tunable emissions with large Stokes shifts. Furthermore, the protocol provides an opportunity to rapidly screen novel organic single-molecule whitelight materials with high fiuorescence quantum yields. The robust organic and low-cost white lightemitting diodes could rapidly be fabricated using the white-light-emitting material. Experimental data and theoretical calculations indicate that in the white-light dual emission the relatively short wavelength from high-lying singlet state emission and the relatively long wavelength from low-lying singlet state emission. The anti-Kasha dual-emission systems will provide a foundation for the development and application of organic single-molecule white light materials, effectively promoting the development and innovation of luminescent materials. In addition, this method demonstrated its potential application in the synthesis of new near-infrared(NIR) fiuorescence materials with large Stokes shifts based on the olefination of heterocycles.展开更多
In order to address the synergistic optimization of energy efficiency improvement in the waste incineration power plant(WIPP)and renewable energy accommodation,an electricity-hydrogen-waste multi-energy system integra...In order to address the synergistic optimization of energy efficiency improvement in the waste incineration power plant(WIPP)and renewable energy accommodation,an electricity-hydrogen-waste multi-energy system integrated with phase change material(PCM)thermal storage is proposed.First,a thermal energy management framework is constructed,combining PCM thermal storage with the alkaline electrolyzer(AE)waste heat recovery and the heat pump(HP),while establishing a PCM-driven waste drying system to enhance the efficiency of waste incineration power generation.Next,a flue gas treatment method based on purification-separation-storage coordination is adopted,achieving spatiotemporal decoupling between waste incineration and flue gas treatment.Subsequently,a two-stage optimal dispatching strategy for the multi-energy system is developed:the first stage establishes a dayahead economic dispatch model with the objective of minimizing net system costs,while the second stage introduces model predictive control(MPC)to realize intraday rolling optimization.Finally,The optimal dispatching strategies under different scenarios are obtained using the Gurobi solver,followed by a comparative analysis of the optimized operational outcomes.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system optimizes the output and operational states of each unit,simultaneously reducing carbon trading costs while increasing electricity sales revenue.The proposed scheduling strategy demonstrates effective grid peak-shaving functionality,thereby simultaneously improving the system’s economic performance and operational flexibility while providing an innovative technical pathway for municipal solid waste(MSW)resource utilization and low-carbon transformation of energy systems.展开更多
Thermoelectric materials,capable of converting temperature gradients into electrical power,have been traditionally limited by a trade-off between thermopower and electrical conductivity.This study introduces a novel,b...Thermoelectric materials,capable of converting temperature gradients into electrical power,have been traditionally limited by a trade-off between thermopower and electrical conductivity.This study introduces a novel,broadly applicable approach that enhances both the spin-driven thermopower and the thermoelectric figure-of-merit(zT)without compromising electrical conductivity,using temperature-driven spin crossover.Our approach,supported by both theoretical and experimental evidence,is demonstrated through a case study of chromium doped-manganese telluride,but is not confined to this material and can be extended to other magnetic materials.By introducing dopants to create a high crystal field and exploiting the entropy changes associated with temperature-driven spin crossover,we achieved a significant increase in thermopower,by approximately 136μV K^(-1),representing more than a 200%enhancement at elevated temperatures within the paramagnetic domain.Our exploration of the bipolar semiconducting nature of these materials reveals that suppressing bipolar magnon/paramagnon-drag thermopower is key to understanding and utilizing spin crossover-driven thermopower.These findings,validated by inelastic neutron scattering,X-ray photoemission spectroscopy,thermal transport,and energy conversion measurements,shed light on crucial material design parameters.We provide a comprehensive framework that analyzes the interplay between spin entropy,hopping transport,and magnon/paramagnon lifetimes,paving the way for the development of high-performance spin-driven thermoelectric materials.展开更多
High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluct...High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.展开更多
High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailo...High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.展开更多
It is well known that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has two outstanding academic characteristics:the holistic concept comes from Huang Di Nei Jing,and the syndrome differentiation and treatment comes from Shang Han...It is well known that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has two outstanding academic characteristics:the holistic concept comes from Huang Di Nei Jing,and the syndrome differentiation and treatment comes from Shang Han Lun.These two characteristics denote the two major academic systems of TCM:one is the medical system of Huang Di Nei Jing,also named syndrome differentiation and treatment system of Zang-Fu organs and meridians,focuses on theoretical exploration,which highlights functional connection and emphasizes philosophical thinking.The treatment in this system is based on physiological functions by taking Zang-Fu organs as the main body,Qi,blood,essence,and body fluid as the auxiliary body,and the meridians and collaterals as the connection channels.The other is the syndrome differentiation and treatment system of the six meridians,which emphasizes clinical practice.It encompasses the idea that the six meridians govern various diseases,emphasizes the disease sites and divisional treatment,and pays attention to the precision and appropriateness of prescription-syndrome differentiation.These two academic systems,with mutual influences and relations,are both the essence and pearl of TCM,nevertheless,there are obvious differences between the two in clinical application,so they should be distinguished.This paper will elaborate on the connection and difference between them,and how to organically combine the two systems for better application in clinical practice of TCM.展开更多
The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack sys...The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack systematic frameworks capable of addressing the contextual and pedagogical nuances required for effective implementation.This paper introduces a novel framework that combines Data-Driven Error-Correcting Output Codes(DECOC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,and Multi-Layer Deep Neural Networks(ML-DNN)to identify optimal emoji placements within computer science course materials.The originality of the proposed system lies in its ability to leverage sentiment analysis techniques and contextual embeddings to align emoji recommendations with both the emotional tone and learning objectives of course content.A meticulously annotated dataset,comprising diverse topics in computer science,was developed to train and validate the model,ensuring its applicability across a wide range of educational contexts.Comprehensive validation demonstrated the system’s superior performance,achieving an accuracy of 92.4%,precision of 90.7%,recall of 89.3%,and an F1-score of 90.0%.Comparative analysis with baselinemodels and relatedworks confirms themodel’s ability tooutperformexisting approaches inbalancing accuracy,relevance,and contextual appropriateness.Beyond its technical advancements,this framework offers practical benefits for educators by providing an Artificial Intelligence-assisted(AI-assisted)tool that facilitates personalized content adaptation based on student sentiment and engagement patterns.By automating the identification of appropriate emoji placements,teachers can enhance digital course materials with minimal effort,improving the clarity of complex concepts and fostering an emotionally supportive learning environment.This paper contributes to the emerging field of AI-enhanced education by addressing critical gaps in personalized content delivery and pedagogical support.Its findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating AI-driven emoji placement systems into educational materials,offering an innovative tool for fostering student engagement and enhancing learning outcomes.The proposed framework establishes a foundation for future advancements in the visual augmentation of educational resources,emphasizing scalability and adaptability for broader applications in e-learning.展开更多
Refrigeration systems are essential across various sectors,including food preservation,medical storage,and climate control.However,their high energy consumption and environmental impact necessitate innovative solution...Refrigeration systems are essential across various sectors,including food preservation,medical storage,and climate control.However,their high energy consumption and environmental impact necessitate innovative solutions to enhance efficiency while minimizing energy usage.This paper investigates the integration of Phase Change Materials(PCMs)into a vapor compression refrigeration system to enhance energy efficiency and temperature regulation for food preservation.A multifunctional prototype was tested under two configurations:(1)a standard thermally insulated room,and(2)the same room augmented with eutectic plates filled with either Glaceol(-10℃ melting point)or distilled water(0℃ melting point).Thermocouples were calibrated and deployed to record air and PCM temperatures during freeze–thaw cycles at thermostat setpoints of and Additionally,a-30℃ -35℃ .defrosting resistor and timer were added to mitigate frost buildup,a known cause of efficiency loss.The experimental results show that PCM-enhanced rooms achieved up to 10.98℃ greater temperature stability during defrost cycles and reduced energy consumption by as much as 7.76%(from 0.4584 to 0.4231 kWh/h).Moreover,the effectiveness of PCMs depended strongly on thermostat settings and PCM type,with distilled water demonstrating broader solidification across plates under higher ambient loads.These findings highlight the potential of PCM integration to improve cold-chain performance,offering rapid cooling,moisture retention,and extended product conservation during power interruptions.展开更多
Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of p...Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of photocatalysts or membrane materials to improve their catalytic and filtration performance,the complex structures and interface mechanisms,as well as insufficient light utilization,are still often overlooked,limiting the overall performance improvement of photocatalytic membranes.This work provides an overview of enhancement strategies involving restricted area effects,external fields,such as mechanical,magnetic,thermal,and electrical fields,as well as coupling techniques with advanced oxidation processes(e.g.,O_(3),Fenton,and persulfate oxidation)for dual enhancement of photocatalysts and membranes.In addition,the synthesis method of photocatalytic membranes and the influence of factors,such as light source type,frequency,and relative position on photocatalytic membrane performance were also studied.Finally,economic feasibility and pollutant removal performance were further evaluated to determine the promising enhancement strategies,paving the way for more efficient and scalable applications of photocatalytic membranes.展开更多
Carbon peaking and carbon neutralization trigger a technical revolution in energy&environment related fields.Development of new technologies for green energy production and storage,industrial energy saving and eff...Carbon peaking and carbon neutralization trigger a technical revolution in energy&environment related fields.Development of new technologies for green energy production and storage,industrial energy saving and efficiency reinforcement,carbon capture,and pollutant gas treatment is in highly imperious demand.The emerging porous framework materials such as metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs)and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs),owing to the permanent porosity,tremendous specific surface area,designable structure and customizable functionality,have shown great potential in major energy-consuming industrial processes,including sustainable energy gas catalytic conversion,energy-efficient industrial gas separation and storage.Herein,this manuscript presents a systematic review of porous framework materials for global and comprehensive energy&environment related applications,from a macroscopic and application perspective.展开更多
This paper introduces a systems theory-driven framework to integration artificial intelligence(AI)into traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research,enhancing the understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis while adhe...This paper introduces a systems theory-driven framework to integration artificial intelligence(AI)into traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research,enhancing the understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis while adhering to evidence-based principles.Utilizing the System Function Decoding Model(SFDM),the research progresses through define,quantify,infer,and validate phases to systematically explore TCM’s material basis.It employs a dual analytical approach that combines top-down,systems theory-guided perspectives with bottom-up,elements-structure-function methodologies,provides comprehensive insights into TCM’s holistic material basis.Moreover,the research examines AI’s role in quantitative assessment and predictive analysis of TCM’s material components,proposing two specific AIdriven technical applications.This interdisciplinary effort underscores AI’s potential to enhance our understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis and establishes a foundation for future research at the intersection of traditional wisdom and modern technology.展开更多
In order to maintain the optimal operating temperature of the battery surface and meet the demand for thermal storage technology,battery thermal management system based on phase change materials has attracted increasi...In order to maintain the optimal operating temperature of the battery surface and meet the demand for thermal storage technology,battery thermal management system based on phase change materials has attracted increasing interest.In this work,a kind of core-shell structured microcapsule was synthesized by an in-situ polymerization,where paraffin was used as the core,while methanol was applied to mod-ify the melamine-formaldehyde shell to reduce toxicity and improve thermal stability.Moreover,three different types of heat conductive fillers with the same content of 10 wt.%,i.e.,nano-Al_(2)O_(3),nano-ZnO and carbon nanotubes were added,generating composites.The microcapsules were uniform,and were not affected by the thermal fillers,which were evenly dispersed around.The composite sample with carbon nanotubes(10 wt.%)showed the highest thermal conductivity of 0.50 W/(m K)and latent heat of 139.64 J/g.Furthermore,according to the leakage testing and battery charge/discharge experiments,compared with Al_(2)O_(3)and ZnO,the addition of carbon nanotubes remarkably enhances the heat storage ability as latent heat from 126.98 J/g for the prepared sample with Al_(2)O_(3)and 125.86 J/g for the one with ZnO,then to 139.64 J/g,as well as dissipation performance as a cooling effect by decreasing the sur-face temperature of battery from 2%to 12%of microcapsule,composite sample with carbon nanotubes presents a broad application prospect in battery thermal management system and energy storage field.展开更多
Herein,we employ the threshold energy neutron analysis(TENA)technique to introduce the world's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials(SNMs),including U-235 and Pu-239.The system util...Herein,we employ the threshold energy neutron analysis(TENA)technique to introduce the world's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials(SNMs),including U-235 and Pu-239.The system utilizes a DD neutron generator based on inertial electrostatic confinement(IEC)to interrogate suspicious objects.To detect secondary neutrons produced during fission reactions induced in SNMs,a tensioned metastable fluid detector(TMFD)is employed.The current status of the system's development is reported in this paper,accompanied by the results from experiments conducted to detect 10 g of highly enriched uranium(HEU).Notably,the experimental findings demonstrate a distinct difference in the count rates of measurements with and without HEU.This difference in count rates surpasses two times the standard deviation,indicating a confidence level of more than 96% for identifying the presence of HEU.The paper presents and extensively discusses the proof-of-principle experimental results,along with the system's planned trajectory.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 10472094） the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （N6CJ0001） Doctorate Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University.
文摘In the present study, the indentation testing with a flat cylindrical indenter on typical multi-layer material systems was simulated successfully by finite element method. The emphasis was put on the methods of extracting the yield stresses and strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers of three-layer material systems from the indentation testing. The slope of the indentation depth to the applied indentation stress curve was found to have a turning point, which can be used to determine the yield stress of the upper-layer. Then, a different method was also presented to determine the yield stress of the middle-layer. This method was based on a set of assumed applied indentation stresses which were to be intersected by the experimental results in order to meet the requirement of having the experimental indentation depth. At last, a reverse numerical algorithm was explored to determine the yield stresses of upper and middle-layers simultaneously by using the indentation testing with two different size indenters. This method assumed two ranges of yield stresses to simulate the indentation behavior. The experimental depth behavior was used to intersect the simulated indentation behavior. And the intersection corresponded to the values of yield stresses of upper and middle-layers. This method was also used further to determine the strain-hardening modulus of upper and middle-layers simultaneously.
基金support from the National Science Foundation(NSF)Cyberinfrastructure for Sustained Scientific Innovation program(OAC-1835782)the NSF Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer Our Future program(CMMI-1729743)+1 种基金Center for Hierarchical Materials Design(NIST 70NANB19H005)at Northwestern Universitythe Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy(APAR-E,DE-AR0001209)。
文摘Building processing,structure,and property(PSP)relations for computational materials design is at the heart of the Materials Genome Initiative in the era of high-throughput computational materials science.Recent technological advancements in data acquisition and storage,microstructure characterization and reconstruction(MCR),machine learning(ML),materials modeling and simulation,data processing,manufacturing,and experimentation have significantly advanced researchers’abilities in building PSP relations and inverse material design.In this article,we examine these advancements from the perspective of design research.In particular,we introduce a data-centric approach whose fundamental aspects fall into three categories:design representation,design evaluation,and design synthesis.Developments in each of these aspects are guided by and benefit from domain knowledge.Hence,for each aspect,we present a wide range of computational methods whose integration realizes data-centric materials discovery and design.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFB3505301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12241403 and12174237)the Graduate Education Innovation Project in Shanxi Province (Grant No.2021Y484)。
文摘Ferroelectrics are a type of material with a polar structure and their polarization direction can be inverted reversibly by applying an electric field.They have attracted tremendous attention for their extensive applications in non-volatile memory,sensors and neuromorphic computing.However,conventional ferroelectric materials face insulating and interfacial issues in the commercialization process.In contrast,two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric materials usually have excellent semiconductor performance,clean van der Waals interfaces and robust ferroelectric order in atom-thick layers,and hold greater promise for constructing multifunctional ferroelectric optoelectronic devices and nondestructive ultra-high-density memory.Recently,2D ferroelectrics have obtained impressive breakthroughs,showing overwhelming superiority.Herein,firstly,the progress of experimental research on 2D ferroelectric materials is reviewed.Then,the preparation of 2D ferroelectric devices and their applications are discussed.Finally,the future development trend of 2D ferroelectrics is looked at.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272004,62272041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YWF-22-L-1256)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3402600)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.1870011182126)。
文摘The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.
文摘This paper focuses on ACF artificial cartilage biomimetic energy-absorbing materials,exploring the entire process from fundamental research to industrial transformation.By analyzing the key nodes and technological breakthroughs in the research and development journey,as well as the market strategies and collaboration models in the transformation practices,this study reveals the profound insights ACF provides to the technological innovation ecosystem in terms of concepts,mechanisms,and resource integration,and constructs a universally applicable and forward-looking paradigm for technological innovation.Aiming to provide comprehensive and in-depth case studies for materials science and the entire technological innovation system,facilitating the innovative development and progress in related areas.
基金Supported by Direktorat Riset dan Pengembangan(Directorate of Research and Development)Universitas Indonesia(NKB-690/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2022).
文摘The need to transport goods across countries and islands has resulted in a high demand for commercial vessels.Owing to such trends,shipyards must efficiently produce ships to reduce production costs.Layout and material flow are among the crucial aspects determining the efficiency of the production at a shipyard.This paper presents the initial design optimization of a shipyard layout using Nondominated Sorting Algorithm-Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)to find the optimal configuration of workstations in a shipyard layout.The proposed method focuses on simultaneously minimizing two material handling costs,namely work-based material handling and duration-based material handling.NSGA-Ⅱ determines the order of workstations in the shipyard layout.The semiflexible bay structure is then used in the workstation placement process from the sequence formed in NSGA-Ⅱ into a complete design.Considering that this study is a case of multiobjective optimization,the performance for both objectives at each iteration is presented in a 3D graph.Results indicate that after 500 iterations,the optimal configuration yields a work-based MHC of 163670.0 WBM-units and a duration-based MHC of 34750 DBM-units.Starting from a random solution,the efficiency of NSGA-Ⅱ demonstrates significant improvements,achieving a 50.19%reduction in work-based MHC and a 48.58%reduction in duration-based MHC.
基金supported by the Province Natural Science Foundation of Hunan,China(2022JJ50048)Hunan Agriculture Research System(HARS-11).
文摘Lily-Ziziphi Spinosae Semen decoction(LZ)is known for its blood nourishing,mind calming,body sedation,and sleep promoting effects in traditional Chinese medicine.However,its material basis and underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined.This study applies liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,network pharmacology,and animal studies to reveal the material basis and sleep-improving mechanisms of LZ.The mixed decoction(LZ-ME)and single decoction(LZ-SE)were prepared to study their chemical components.Network pharmacology was used to predict the sleep-improving targets and signaling pathways of LZ.ICR mice were intragastrically administered saline(NC),melatonin(positive control group,0.50 mg/kg),low(12.90 g/kg),medium(25.70 g/kg),and high(38.60 g/kg)dose of LZ-ME and LZ-SH for 30 days.The results showed that LZ-ME could prolong the sleep duration and shorten the sleep latency in sodium barbiturate induced mice model.The results of chemical composition showed that total polysaccharides,total flavonoids,total saponins,and total alkaloids in LZ-ME were significantly higher than those in LZ-SE(177.20%,82.34%,30.58%,and 11.66%,respectively).A total of 58 chemical components were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS),and 8 representative difference components of LZ-ME and LZ-SE were found.LZ-ME significantly increased tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in mice serum and neurotransmitterγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)levels in mice hippocampus,decreased dopamine(DA)and glutamate(Glu)levels in mice hippocampus(P<0.05).Furthermore,LZ-ME up-regulated the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus and Eubacterium_R,down-regulated the abundance of the harmful bacteria Lachnospiraceae etc.The polysaccharides,flavonoids(spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin)and saponins(jujuboside A and jujuboside B)were the main material bases for the sleep-promoting effects of LZ.These compounds may directly enhance levels of the GABA,reduced levels of Glu and DA and improve TNF-αlevels.And they also may indirectly regulate GABA levels by influencing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Eubacterium.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. 2024CDJXY0022023CDJYGRH-YB17+4 种基金2022CDJXY-025)the Venture & Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees (No. cx2022061)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (No. CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1123)the Chongqing Talents: Exceptional Young Talents Project (No. cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0067)the Hongshen Young Scholars Program from Chongqing University (No. 0247001104426) for financial support。
文摘The design and synthesis of a novel π-conjugated fiuorescent framework by external ligand-assisted C-H olefination of heterocycles with excellent regioselectivity and broad substrate scope are reported herein.These novel fiuorescent materials could present full-color-tunable emissions with large Stokes shifts. Furthermore, the protocol provides an opportunity to rapidly screen novel organic single-molecule whitelight materials with high fiuorescence quantum yields. The robust organic and low-cost white lightemitting diodes could rapidly be fabricated using the white-light-emitting material. Experimental data and theoretical calculations indicate that in the white-light dual emission the relatively short wavelength from high-lying singlet state emission and the relatively long wavelength from low-lying singlet state emission. The anti-Kasha dual-emission systems will provide a foundation for the development and application of organic single-molecule white light materials, effectively promoting the development and innovation of luminescent materials. In addition, this method demonstrated its potential application in the synthesis of new near-infrared(NIR) fiuorescence materials with large Stokes shifts based on the olefination of heterocycles.
文摘In order to address the synergistic optimization of energy efficiency improvement in the waste incineration power plant(WIPP)and renewable energy accommodation,an electricity-hydrogen-waste multi-energy system integrated with phase change material(PCM)thermal storage is proposed.First,a thermal energy management framework is constructed,combining PCM thermal storage with the alkaline electrolyzer(AE)waste heat recovery and the heat pump(HP),while establishing a PCM-driven waste drying system to enhance the efficiency of waste incineration power generation.Next,a flue gas treatment method based on purification-separation-storage coordination is adopted,achieving spatiotemporal decoupling between waste incineration and flue gas treatment.Subsequently,a two-stage optimal dispatching strategy for the multi-energy system is developed:the first stage establishes a dayahead economic dispatch model with the objective of minimizing net system costs,while the second stage introduces model predictive control(MPC)to realize intraday rolling optimization.Finally,The optimal dispatching strategies under different scenarios are obtained using the Gurobi solver,followed by a comparative analysis of the optimized operational outcomes.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system optimizes the output and operational states of each unit,simultaneously reducing carbon trading costs while increasing electricity sales revenue.The proposed scheduling strategy demonstrates effective grid peak-shaving functionality,thereby simultaneously improving the system’s economic performance and operational flexibility while providing an innovative technical pathway for municipal solid waste(MSW)resource utilization and low-carbon transformation of energy systems.
基金funding support by the National Science Foundation(NSF)under grant numbers CBET-2110603the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR)under contract number FA9550-12-1-0225supported by the State of North Carolina and the National Science Foundation(award number ECCS-2025064).
文摘Thermoelectric materials,capable of converting temperature gradients into electrical power,have been traditionally limited by a trade-off between thermopower and electrical conductivity.This study introduces a novel,broadly applicable approach that enhances both the spin-driven thermopower and the thermoelectric figure-of-merit(zT)without compromising electrical conductivity,using temperature-driven spin crossover.Our approach,supported by both theoretical and experimental evidence,is demonstrated through a case study of chromium doped-manganese telluride,but is not confined to this material and can be extended to other magnetic materials.By introducing dopants to create a high crystal field and exploiting the entropy changes associated with temperature-driven spin crossover,we achieved a significant increase in thermopower,by approximately 136μV K^(-1),representing more than a 200%enhancement at elevated temperatures within the paramagnetic domain.Our exploration of the bipolar semiconducting nature of these materials reveals that suppressing bipolar magnon/paramagnon-drag thermopower is key to understanding and utilizing spin crossover-driven thermopower.These findings,validated by inelastic neutron scattering,X-ray photoemission spectroscopy,thermal transport,and energy conversion measurements,shed light on crucial material design parameters.We provide a comprehensive framework that analyzes the interplay between spin entropy,hopping transport,and magnon/paramagnon lifetimes,paving the way for the development of high-performance spin-driven thermoelectric materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51976092)。
文摘High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(2022A1515140061,No.11000-2344014)Startup Foundation for Postdoctor by Dongguan University of Technology(No.11000-221110149)the High-level Talents Program(contract number 2023JC10L014)of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.
基金Supported by Central Government Major Budget Adjustment Program(the Research on the Medicinal Properties of Brazilian Ginseng,Tonico,and Guarana,No.2060302)。
文摘It is well known that Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has two outstanding academic characteristics:the holistic concept comes from Huang Di Nei Jing,and the syndrome differentiation and treatment comes from Shang Han Lun.These two characteristics denote the two major academic systems of TCM:one is the medical system of Huang Di Nei Jing,also named syndrome differentiation and treatment system of Zang-Fu organs and meridians,focuses on theoretical exploration,which highlights functional connection and emphasizes philosophical thinking.The treatment in this system is based on physiological functions by taking Zang-Fu organs as the main body,Qi,blood,essence,and body fluid as the auxiliary body,and the meridians and collaterals as the connection channels.The other is the syndrome differentiation and treatment system of the six meridians,which emphasizes clinical practice.It encompasses the idea that the six meridians govern various diseases,emphasizes the disease sites and divisional treatment,and pays attention to the precision and appropriateness of prescription-syndrome differentiation.These two academic systems,with mutual influences and relations,are both the essence and pearl of TCM,nevertheless,there are obvious differences between the two in clinical application,so they should be distinguished.This paper will elaborate on the connection and difference between them,and how to organically combine the two systems for better application in clinical practice of TCM.
基金funded by the Deanship of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research at Majmaah University,grant number[R-2025-1637].
文摘The integration of visual elements,such as emojis,into educational content represents a promising approach to enhancing student engagement and comprehension.However,existing efforts in emoji integration often lack systematic frameworks capable of addressing the contextual and pedagogical nuances required for effective implementation.This paper introduces a novel framework that combines Data-Driven Error-Correcting Output Codes(DECOC),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)networks,and Multi-Layer Deep Neural Networks(ML-DNN)to identify optimal emoji placements within computer science course materials.The originality of the proposed system lies in its ability to leverage sentiment analysis techniques and contextual embeddings to align emoji recommendations with both the emotional tone and learning objectives of course content.A meticulously annotated dataset,comprising diverse topics in computer science,was developed to train and validate the model,ensuring its applicability across a wide range of educational contexts.Comprehensive validation demonstrated the system’s superior performance,achieving an accuracy of 92.4%,precision of 90.7%,recall of 89.3%,and an F1-score of 90.0%.Comparative analysis with baselinemodels and relatedworks confirms themodel’s ability tooutperformexisting approaches inbalancing accuracy,relevance,and contextual appropriateness.Beyond its technical advancements,this framework offers practical benefits for educators by providing an Artificial Intelligence-assisted(AI-assisted)tool that facilitates personalized content adaptation based on student sentiment and engagement patterns.By automating the identification of appropriate emoji placements,teachers can enhance digital course materials with minimal effort,improving the clarity of complex concepts and fostering an emotionally supportive learning environment.This paper contributes to the emerging field of AI-enhanced education by addressing critical gaps in personalized content delivery and pedagogical support.Its findings highlight the transformative potential of integrating AI-driven emoji placement systems into educational materials,offering an innovative tool for fostering student engagement and enhancing learning outcomes.The proposed framework establishes a foundation for future advancements in the visual augmentation of educational resources,emphasizing scalability and adaptability for broader applications in e-learning.
基金supported in entire part by the Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena Laboratory Agreement No.30303-12-2003,at the University of Medea.
文摘Refrigeration systems are essential across various sectors,including food preservation,medical storage,and climate control.However,their high energy consumption and environmental impact necessitate innovative solutions to enhance efficiency while minimizing energy usage.This paper investigates the integration of Phase Change Materials(PCMs)into a vapor compression refrigeration system to enhance energy efficiency and temperature regulation for food preservation.A multifunctional prototype was tested under two configurations:(1)a standard thermally insulated room,and(2)the same room augmented with eutectic plates filled with either Glaceol(-10℃ melting point)or distilled water(0℃ melting point).Thermocouples were calibrated and deployed to record air and PCM temperatures during freeze–thaw cycles at thermostat setpoints of and Additionally,a-30℃ -35℃ .defrosting resistor and timer were added to mitigate frost buildup,a known cause of efficiency loss.The experimental results show that PCM-enhanced rooms achieved up to 10.98℃ greater temperature stability during defrost cycles and reduced energy consumption by as much as 7.76%(from 0.4584 to 0.4231 kWh/h).Moreover,the effectiveness of PCMs depended strongly on thermostat settings and PCM type,with distilled water demonstrating broader solidification across plates under higher ambient loads.These findings highlight the potential of PCM integration to improve cold-chain performance,offering rapid cooling,moisture retention,and extended product conservation during power interruptions.
基金supported by the BRICS STI Framework Programme(No.52261145703)the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(National 111 Project,No.B16016)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan Project(AB24010117).
文摘Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of photocatalysts or membrane materials to improve their catalytic and filtration performance,the complex structures and interface mechanisms,as well as insufficient light utilization,are still often overlooked,limiting the overall performance improvement of photocatalytic membranes.This work provides an overview of enhancement strategies involving restricted area effects,external fields,such as mechanical,magnetic,thermal,and electrical fields,as well as coupling techniques with advanced oxidation processes(e.g.,O_(3),Fenton,and persulfate oxidation)for dual enhancement of photocatalysts and membranes.In addition,the synthesis method of photocatalytic membranes and the influence of factors,such as light source type,frequency,and relative position on photocatalytic membrane performance were also studied.Finally,economic feasibility and pollutant removal performance were further evaluated to determine the promising enhancement strategies,paving the way for more efficient and scalable applications of photocatalytic membranes.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22090062,21922810,21825802,22138003,22108083,and 21725603)the Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program(2021QN02C8)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202201010118)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR20B060001)National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(22122811)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710123)。
文摘Carbon peaking and carbon neutralization trigger a technical revolution in energy&environment related fields.Development of new technologies for green energy production and storage,industrial energy saving and efficiency reinforcement,carbon capture,and pollutant gas treatment is in highly imperious demand.The emerging porous framework materials such as metal–organic frameworks(MOFs),covalent organic frameworks(COFs)and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs),owing to the permanent porosity,tremendous specific surface area,designable structure and customizable functionality,have shown great potential in major energy-consuming industrial processes,including sustainable energy gas catalytic conversion,energy-efficient industrial gas separation and storage.Herein,this manuscript presents a systematic review of porous framework materials for global and comprehensive energy&environment related applications,from a macroscopic and application perspective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230117).
文摘This paper introduces a systems theory-driven framework to integration artificial intelligence(AI)into traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)research,enhancing the understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis while adhering to evidence-based principles.Utilizing the System Function Decoding Model(SFDM),the research progresses through define,quantify,infer,and validate phases to systematically explore TCM’s material basis.It employs a dual analytical approach that combines top-down,systems theory-guided perspectives with bottom-up,elements-structure-function methodologies,provides comprehensive insights into TCM’s holistic material basis.Moreover,the research examines AI’s role in quantitative assessment and predictive analysis of TCM’s material components,proposing two specific AIdriven technical applications.This interdisciplinary effort underscores AI’s potential to enhance our understanding of TCM’s holistic material basis and establishes a foundation for future research at the intersection of traditional wisdom and modern technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12202410 and 51906238)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733935)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ40726)the Research Project Supported by the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-139)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.20210302123017 and 2023recipient Changcheng Liu)the Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province(No.20220012)the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.kq2208277).
文摘In order to maintain the optimal operating temperature of the battery surface and meet the demand for thermal storage technology,battery thermal management system based on phase change materials has attracted increasing interest.In this work,a kind of core-shell structured microcapsule was synthesized by an in-situ polymerization,where paraffin was used as the core,while methanol was applied to mod-ify the melamine-formaldehyde shell to reduce toxicity and improve thermal stability.Moreover,three different types of heat conductive fillers with the same content of 10 wt.%,i.e.,nano-Al_(2)O_(3),nano-ZnO and carbon nanotubes were added,generating composites.The microcapsules were uniform,and were not affected by the thermal fillers,which were evenly dispersed around.The composite sample with carbon nanotubes(10 wt.%)showed the highest thermal conductivity of 0.50 W/(m K)and latent heat of 139.64 J/g.Furthermore,according to the leakage testing and battery charge/discharge experiments,compared with Al_(2)O_(3)and ZnO,the addition of carbon nanotubes remarkably enhances the heat storage ability as latent heat from 126.98 J/g for the prepared sample with Al_(2)O_(3)and 125.86 J/g for the one with ZnO,then to 139.64 J/g,as well as dissipation performance as a cooling effect by decreasing the sur-face temperature of battery from 2%to 12%of microcapsule,composite sample with carbon nanotubes presents a broad application prospect in battery thermal management system and energy storage field.
基金supported by Special Coordination Funds for Promoting Science and Technology,sponsored by Japan’s Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT).
文摘Herein,we employ the threshold energy neutron analysis(TENA)technique to introduce the world's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials(SNMs),including U-235 and Pu-239.The system utilizes a DD neutron generator based on inertial electrostatic confinement(IEC)to interrogate suspicious objects.To detect secondary neutrons produced during fission reactions induced in SNMs,a tensioned metastable fluid detector(TMFD)is employed.The current status of the system's development is reported in this paper,accompanied by the results from experiments conducted to detect 10 g of highly enriched uranium(HEU).Notably,the experimental findings demonstrate a distinct difference in the count rates of measurements with and without HEU.This difference in count rates surpasses two times the standard deviation,indicating a confidence level of more than 96% for identifying the presence of HEU.The paper presents and extensively discusses the proof-of-principle experimental results,along with the system's planned trajectory.
