In this paper three important characteristics in piezoresistance for the orthotropic material are given and proved theoretically:(1) The piezoresistance on the principal axis of an orthotropic material is independent ...In this paper three important characteristics in piezoresistance for the orthotropic material are given and proved theoretically:(1) The piezoresistance on the principal axis of an orthotropic material is independent of shear strains/stresses, but correlated with the normal strains/stresses only;(2) On the principal axis of material, following relations between piezoconductivity and piezoresistivity exist η iikk =-(γ ii ) -2 ξ iikk =-(ρ ii ) 2ξ iikk λ iikk =-(γ ii ) -2 χ iikk =-(ρ ii ) 2χ iikk (3) A laminate composed of orthotropic laminae in different orientations is orthotropic for its average/effective properties.展开更多
植物产生大量的次生代谢物,不但对植物自身适应性具有极其重要的作用,而且有着巨大的实用价值。次生代谢物的跨膜转运是植物次生代谢工程研究的一个新兴领域。ABC(ATP-binding cassette)和MATE(multidrug and toxin extrusion)转运蛋白...植物产生大量的次生代谢物,不但对植物自身适应性具有极其重要的作用,而且有着巨大的实用价值。次生代谢物的跨膜转运是植物次生代谢工程研究的一个新兴领域。ABC(ATP-binding cassette)和MATE(multidrug and toxin extrusion)转运蛋白与生物体内多种物质的跨膜转运有关,在植物次生代谢物的运输过程中均发挥着重要作用。文章主要综述了ABC和MATE转运蛋白在植物次生代谢物跨膜转运中的研究进展。展开更多
多药和有毒化合物排出家族(Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion,MATE)是一个新的次级转运蛋白家族,此类转运蛋白对氨基葡糖、阳离子染料、多种抗生素和药物有转运作用。拟南芥中的MATE基因家族是一个多基因家族,大概由56个成员构成...多药和有毒化合物排出家族(Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion,MATE)是一个新的次级转运蛋白家族,此类转运蛋白对氨基葡糖、阳离子染料、多种抗生素和药物有转运作用。拟南芥中的MATE基因家族是一个多基因家族,大概由56个成员构成,文章综述了拟南芥中MATE家族基因的研究进展,包括3个方面:第一是拟南芥中MATE家族成员的构成及主要特征;第二描述了转运蛋白的主要功能;第三分析了其功能多样的大致原因。此外,还展望了此家族研究的一些前景。展开更多
植物多药和有毒化合物排出家族(MATE,multidrug and toxic compound extrusion)是一类可转运毒素、金属离子、次级代谢产物的次级转运蛋白家族。该家族主要在植物的解毒机制中发挥作用,部分成员也参与植物的形态建成过程。MATE家族在烟...植物多药和有毒化合物排出家族(MATE,multidrug and toxic compound extrusion)是一类可转运毒素、金属离子、次级代谢产物的次级转运蛋白家族。该家族主要在植物的解毒机制中发挥作用,部分成员也参与植物的形态建成过程。MATE家族在烟草基因组中的数量、特征及功能目前尚未开展系统分析。本研究利用生物信息学方法对普通烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)基因组中的MATE基因进行了预测分析,共预测到131个基因,分为4个亚家族。亚家族3在进化树中形成较为独立的分枝,其跨膜区数量、亚细胞定位、保守结构域方面与其他亚家族不同。转录组数据显示,相当一部分MATE家族基因在所有组织中低量表达。GO功能注释结果表明该家族成员主要作为一种转运体,在应激响应、生物调控等过程中发挥作用。本研究为烟草及其他植物中MATE家族的鉴定和功能研究提供了数据基础。展开更多
Mounting evidence suggests that male sperm may be gradually depleted after consecutive matings,resulting in the decline of female reproductive output in insect species.It is predicted that females may employ adaptive ...Mounting evidence suggests that male sperm may be gradually depleted after consecutive matings,resulting in the decline of female reproductive output in insect species.It is predicted that females may employ adaptive strategies to avoid the sperm-depleted males,such as mating multiply with different males and/or discriminating against previously mated males(MMs).Similarly,males may exhibit adaptive behaviors toward females varying in mating status.However,in spiders with males lacking primary copulatory organs and their pedipalps modified to transfer sperm,there are few studies on male mating potential and previous mating experience on their subsequent mate choice.In this study,we used a polyandrous crab spider,Ebrechtella tricuspidata,a sit-and-wait predator with female-biased sex ratio as a model system to ascertain whether 1)male mating experiences influence female reproductive fitness;2)females respond differently to males varying in mating status;and 3)males respond differently to females varying in mating status.Our results showed that female fecundity was independent of male mating experiences,but female fertility markedly declined with the increase of male previous mating experiences in the first eggsac.Counter to our predictions,females preferred to choose and mate with the larger males,regardless of their mating status.In contrast,male mating status influenced their mating preference toward females.Virgin males did not show any preference between virgin and mated females;however,MMs were more likely to prefer the virgin females over the mated ones.Overall,our results indicated that female choice depended primarily on male relative size rather than male mating status,whereas male choice depended on female mating status,Depending on the investigation of reproductive dynamics and mate choice in E.tricuspidata,the study will provide valuable insights into the adaptive behaviors of both males and females exhibiting toward mates varying inmating status.展开更多
Plant multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE) genes play an important role in the process of detoxification, plant morphogenesis, and anthocyanin accumulation. However, whether the MATE gene family functions in p...Plant multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE) genes play an important role in the process of detoxification, plant morphogenesis, and anthocyanin accumulation. However, whether the MATE gene family functions in pear peel coloration is still unknown. To evaluate and identify the MATE gene family members which are involving in anthocyanin accumulation and coloration in pear. In this study, 85 MATE genes were identified in the reference pear genome of ‘Dangshansuli’ through genome-wide identification. Based on gene structure and phylogenetic tree analysis, the MATE family was divided into five subfamilies. RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR) indicated that the expression patterns of PbrMATEs were tissue-specific. 28.24%(24) of PbrMATE genes were expressed in the fruits, and44.71%(38) of PbrMATE genes were expressed in the leaves. Additionally, we found that the expression levels of PbrMATE9, PbrMATE26,PbrMATE50, and PbrMATE69 in debagged fruits with red peel were significantly higher than those in bagged fruits without red peel, according to our bagging/debagging treatment of ‘Mantianhong’. The expression pattern of PbrMATE9 was consistent with the variation trend in anthocyanin content, suggesting that it might play an important role in anthocyanin accumulation in response to light exposure. Subcellular localization showed that PbrMATE9 was a membrane protein. More strikingly, the transient overexpression of PbrMATE9 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of pear, and the expression of structural genes(PbrCHI, PbrANS, PbrDFR, and PbrUFGT) in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway also increased significantly. Through co-expression network analysis, the transcription factors were identified, such as WRKY, COL,GATA, and BBX, which might be involved in the regulation of PbrMATE9. The study has enriched the genetic resources and improved the understanding of the regulation network of anthocyanin accumulation in pear.展开更多
Nanomedicine has made great progress in the targeted therapy of cancer. Here, we established a novel drug-mate strategy by studying the formulation of nanodrugs at the molecular level. In the drug-mate combination, th...Nanomedicine has made great progress in the targeted therapy of cancer. Here, we established a novel drug-mate strategy by studying the formulation of nanodrugs at the molecular level. In the drug-mate combination, the drug is a hydrophobic drug that is poorly soluble in water, and the mate is an amphiphilic small molecule (SMA) that has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. We proposed that the hydrophobic drug could co-assemble with a suitable SMA on a nanoscale without additive agents. The proof-ofconcept methodology and results were presented to support our hypothesis. We selected five hydrophobic drugs and more than ten amphiphilic small molecules to construct a library. Through molecular dynamic simulation and quantum chemistry computation,we speculated that the formation of nanoassemblies was related to the binding energy of the drug-mate, and the drug-mate interaction must overcome drug-drug interaction.Furthermore, the obtained SF/VECOONa nanoassemblieswas selected as a model, which had an ultra-high drug loading content (46%), improved pharmacokinetics, increased bioavailability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In summary, the drug-mate strategy is an essential resource to design exact SMA for many hydrophobic drugs and provides a reference for the design of a carrier-free drug delivery system.展开更多
The Iberian wall lizard Podarcis hispanica forms part of a species complex with several morphologically and geneti- cally distinct types and populations, which may or may not be reproductively isolated. We analyzed wh...The Iberian wall lizard Podarcis hispanica forms part of a species complex with several morphologically and geneti- cally distinct types and populations, which may or may not be reproductively isolated. We analyzed whether female mate choice based on males＇ chemical signals may contribute to a current pre-mating reproductive isolation between two distinct populations of P. hispanica from central Spain. We experimentally examined whether females choose to establish territories on areas scent-marked by males of their own population, versus areas marked by males of the other population. Results showed that fe- males did not prefer scent-marks of males from their own population. In contrast, females seemed to attend mostly to among-individual variation in males＇ pheromones that did not differ between populations. Finally, to test for strong premating re- productive isolation, we staged intersexual encounters between males and females. The population of origin of males and females did not affect the probability nor the duration of copulations. We suggest that the different environmental conditions in each population might be selecting for different morphologies and different chemical signals of males that maximize efficiency of communication in each environment. However, females in both populations based mate choice on a similar condition-dependent signal of males. Thus, male signals and female mate choice criteria could be precluding premating reproductive isolation between these phenotypically ＂distinct＂ populations [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 210-220, 2013].展开更多
文摘In this paper three important characteristics in piezoresistance for the orthotropic material are given and proved theoretically:(1) The piezoresistance on the principal axis of an orthotropic material is independent of shear strains/stresses, but correlated with the normal strains/stresses only;(2) On the principal axis of material, following relations between piezoconductivity and piezoresistivity exist η iikk =-(γ ii ) -2 ξ iikk =-(ρ ii ) 2ξ iikk λ iikk =-(γ ii ) -2 χ iikk =-(ρ ii ) 2χ iikk (3) A laminate composed of orthotropic laminae in different orientations is orthotropic for its average/effective properties.
文摘植物产生大量的次生代谢物,不但对植物自身适应性具有极其重要的作用,而且有着巨大的实用价值。次生代谢物的跨膜转运是植物次生代谢工程研究的一个新兴领域。ABC(ATP-binding cassette)和MATE(multidrug and toxin extrusion)转运蛋白与生物体内多种物质的跨膜转运有关,在植物次生代谢物的运输过程中均发挥着重要作用。文章主要综述了ABC和MATE转运蛋白在植物次生代谢物跨膜转运中的研究进展。
文摘多药和有毒化合物排出家族(Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion,MATE)是一个新的次级转运蛋白家族,此类转运蛋白对氨基葡糖、阳离子染料、多种抗生素和药物有转运作用。拟南芥中的MATE基因家族是一个多基因家族,大概由56个成员构成,文章综述了拟南芥中MATE家族基因的研究进展,包括3个方面:第一是拟南芥中MATE家族成员的构成及主要特征;第二描述了转运蛋白的主要功能;第三分析了其功能多样的大致原因。此外,还展望了此家族研究的一些前景。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800121).
文摘Mounting evidence suggests that male sperm may be gradually depleted after consecutive matings,resulting in the decline of female reproductive output in insect species.It is predicted that females may employ adaptive strategies to avoid the sperm-depleted males,such as mating multiply with different males and/or discriminating against previously mated males(MMs).Similarly,males may exhibit adaptive behaviors toward females varying in mating status.However,in spiders with males lacking primary copulatory organs and their pedipalps modified to transfer sperm,there are few studies on male mating potential and previous mating experience on their subsequent mate choice.In this study,we used a polyandrous crab spider,Ebrechtella tricuspidata,a sit-and-wait predator with female-biased sex ratio as a model system to ascertain whether 1)male mating experiences influence female reproductive fitness;2)females respond differently to males varying in mating status;and 3)males respond differently to females varying in mating status.Our results showed that female fecundity was independent of male mating experiences,but female fertility markedly declined with the increase of male previous mating experiences in the first eggsac.Counter to our predictions,females preferred to choose and mate with the larger males,regardless of their mating status.In contrast,male mating status influenced their mating preference toward females.Virgin males did not show any preference between virgin and mated females;however,MMs were more likely to prefer the virgin females over the mated ones.Overall,our results indicated that female choice depended primarily on male relative size rather than male mating status,whereas male choice depended on female mating status,Depending on the investigation of reproductive dynamics and mate choice in E.tricuspidata,the study will provide valuable insights into the adaptive behaviors of both males and females exhibiting toward mates varying inmating status.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31820103012)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (Grant No. CARS-28)the Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System [Grant No. JATS (2022)454]。
文摘Plant multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE) genes play an important role in the process of detoxification, plant morphogenesis, and anthocyanin accumulation. However, whether the MATE gene family functions in pear peel coloration is still unknown. To evaluate and identify the MATE gene family members which are involving in anthocyanin accumulation and coloration in pear. In this study, 85 MATE genes were identified in the reference pear genome of ‘Dangshansuli’ through genome-wide identification. Based on gene structure and phylogenetic tree analysis, the MATE family was divided into five subfamilies. RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRTPCR) indicated that the expression patterns of PbrMATEs were tissue-specific. 28.24%(24) of PbrMATE genes were expressed in the fruits, and44.71%(38) of PbrMATE genes were expressed in the leaves. Additionally, we found that the expression levels of PbrMATE9, PbrMATE26,PbrMATE50, and PbrMATE69 in debagged fruits with red peel were significantly higher than those in bagged fruits without red peel, according to our bagging/debagging treatment of ‘Mantianhong’. The expression pattern of PbrMATE9 was consistent with the variation trend in anthocyanin content, suggesting that it might play an important role in anthocyanin accumulation in response to light exposure. Subcellular localization showed that PbrMATE9 was a membrane protein. More strikingly, the transient overexpression of PbrMATE9 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of pear, and the expression of structural genes(PbrCHI, PbrANS, PbrDFR, and PbrUFGT) in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway also increased significantly. Through co-expression network analysis, the transcription factors were identified, such as WRKY, COL,GATA, and BBX, which might be involved in the regulation of PbrMATE9. The study has enriched the genetic resources and improved the understanding of the regulation network of anthocyanin accumulation in pear.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers:81974498)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (grant numbers:ZR2019BH079)。
文摘Nanomedicine has made great progress in the targeted therapy of cancer. Here, we established a novel drug-mate strategy by studying the formulation of nanodrugs at the molecular level. In the drug-mate combination, the drug is a hydrophobic drug that is poorly soluble in water, and the mate is an amphiphilic small molecule (SMA) that has both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties. We proposed that the hydrophobic drug could co-assemble with a suitable SMA on a nanoscale without additive agents. The proof-ofconcept methodology and results were presented to support our hypothesis. We selected five hydrophobic drugs and more than ten amphiphilic small molecules to construct a library. Through molecular dynamic simulation and quantum chemistry computation,we speculated that the formation of nanoassemblies was related to the binding energy of the drug-mate, and the drug-mate interaction must overcome drug-drug interaction.Furthermore, the obtained SF/VECOONa nanoassemblieswas selected as a model, which had an ultra-high drug loading content (46%), improved pharmacokinetics, increased bioavailability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In summary, the drug-mate strategy is an essential resource to design exact SMA for many hydrophobic drugs and provides a reference for the design of a carrier-free drug delivery system.
文摘The Iberian wall lizard Podarcis hispanica forms part of a species complex with several morphologically and geneti- cally distinct types and populations, which may or may not be reproductively isolated. We analyzed whether female mate choice based on males＇ chemical signals may contribute to a current pre-mating reproductive isolation between two distinct populations of P. hispanica from central Spain. We experimentally examined whether females choose to establish territories on areas scent-marked by males of their own population, versus areas marked by males of the other population. Results showed that fe- males did not prefer scent-marks of males from their own population. In contrast, females seemed to attend mostly to among-individual variation in males＇ pheromones that did not differ between populations. Finally, to test for strong premating re- productive isolation, we staged intersexual encounters between males and females. The population of origin of males and females did not affect the probability nor the duration of copulations. We suggest that the different environmental conditions in each population might be selecting for different morphologies and different chemical signals of males that maximize efficiency of communication in each environment. However, females in both populations based mate choice on a similar condition-dependent signal of males. Thus, male signals and female mate choice criteria could be precluding premating reproductive isolation between these phenotypically ＂distinct＂ populations [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 210-220, 2013].
