Practical jurisprudence is a completely new proposition in legal education and research.The introduction of the concept of“practical jurisprudence”in the teaching of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic...Practical jurisprudence is a completely new proposition in legal education and research.The introduction of the concept of“practical jurisprudence”in the teaching of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China(the“Civil Procedure Law”)is a major innovation in terms of values and methodology.Practical jurisprudence focuses more on practical issues,Chinese characteristics,and major needs,while strengthening the practical nature of the Civil Procedure Law.China’s traditional education system for juris masters(for non-law graduates)(“non-law JMs”)emphasizes the development of foundational legal theoretical knowledge.However,it has not fully achieved its goal of cultivating interdisciplinary and practical legal professionals.Therefore,the traditional education system for the Civil Procedure Law needs reconstruction and supplementation through the practical jurisprudence teaching system in the following areas:(a)System composition:The focus should be on the eight tertiary subsystems under the two secondary subsystems—“the knowledge teaching system and the practical teaching system”of practical jurisprudence in the Civil Procedure Law,as well as the management of their interrelationships.(b)Credit structure:The proportion of credits for“practical teaching and training”should be increased.(c)Practical ability requirements:Legal professionals should be cultivated according to the standards for juris masters(for law graduates)as stipulated by the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Academic Degrees.(d)Practice evaluation:“Formalization of the evaluations,”“homogeneity of the evaluators,”and“reliance on written formats”should be avoided.展开更多
There is a need and opportunity for China to develop education and practice innovations given that advance practice nurses (APNs) improve health care and outcomes.The China Medical Board (CMB)China Nursing Network (CC...There is a need and opportunity for China to develop education and practice innovations given that advance practice nurses (APNs) improve health care and outcomes.The China Medical Board (CMB)China Nursing Network (CCNN) began planning for an Advanced Nursing Practice Program for education and career development that will facilitate CCNN's contributions to meeting national nursing policy priorities.This paper presents the discussion,recommendations and action plans developed at the inaugural planning meeting on June 26,2015 at Fudan University in Shanghai.The recommendations are:Develop standards for advanced nursing practice;Develop Master's level curricula based on the standards;Commence pilot projects across a number of University affiliated hospitals;and Prepare clinical tutors and faculty.The strategic directions and actions are: Develop a clinical career ladder system;Expand the nursing role from hospital to community;and Build a specialty nurse accreditation system.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the current admittance situation of clinical teachers for masters of nursing specialist(MNS)postgraduates and to test the competence of clinical teachers in self-evaluation and other evaluations....Objectives:To explore the current admittance situation of clinical teachers for masters of nursing specialist(MNS)postgraduates and to test the competence of clinical teachers in self-evaluation and other evaluations.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,using a random number table,we chose 80 MNS postgraduates under clinical practice,their clinical teachers,and head nurses each from six hospitals in Hunan and Guangdong.The participants were tested on the basis of the Clinical Teachers'Competence Inventory of MNS Postgraduates.The competences of clinical teachers were evaluated by the three groups of participants.Results:The aggregated scores of teacher competence as evaluated by the MNS postgraduates(181.33±24.95)were lower than those assigned by both clinical teachers(190.75±24.30)and their head nurses(198.53±18.90),with significant differences in all dimensions except for clinical managing ability.The five highest rated items from all participants focused on the teachers'clinical nursing ability,and the five lowest rated items were mainly about their clinical research ability.Conclusion:The evaluation from MNS postgraduates is obviously lower than the self-evaluation of clinical teachers,and all participants are aware of the deficiency in research ability of the teachers.Thus,the admittance and examination of clinical teachers should be controlled strictly.Training should be carried out immediately to strengthen their comprehensive abilities,especially their research ability.展开更多
WMG （World Masters Games） athletes have either pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or have initiated exercise/sport in later life. This unique cohort of middle-aged to older-aged adu...WMG （World Masters Games） athletes have either pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or have initiated exercise/sport in later life. This unique cohort of middle-aged to older-aged adults remains relatively uninvestigated with regards to various measures of health. With a need for multifaceted solutions to the obesity epidemic, investigating special populations such as those competing in sport at older ages may further the understanding of the nexus between aging, physical activity and obesity. This study aims to investigate the BMI （body mass index） of North American WMG competitors with respect to national health guidelines and demographics. An online survey was utilized to collect demographic information from athletes competing at the Sydney WMG. BMI was derived using the participant＇s height and body mass. A total of 928 （46.7% male, 53.3% female） participants from Canada and the United States （age： 52.6 ± 9.8 years） completed the survey. The top 5 sports in which participants competed were football （25.6%）, track/field （15.4%）, swimming （8.4%）, volleyball （8.2%）, and softball （7.8%）. Female and male BMI （kg/m2） across all sports were： 〉 30 （obese： 13.9%）, 25-29.9 （overweight： 34.1%）, 18.5-24.9 （normal： 50.3%）, and 〈18.5 （underweight： 1.7%）. Data indicated that BMI was a health risk factor for 13.9% of the participants and a developing risk factor for 34.1% of the participants. Analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05） classification of obesity of the North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and United States national populations. It is believed that adherence to exercise improves indices of general health. A key index of health （obesity） is significantly lower in incidence for North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and US populations.展开更多
East Asia during 17th to early 20th century witnessed many mass migration flows of South Chinese into Southeast Asia and other parts of the world,including Vietnam.They are the Cantonese,Hokkiens,Hainanese,Chiuchow Ho...East Asia during 17th to early 20th century witnessed many mass migration flows of South Chinese into Southeast Asia and other parts of the world,including Vietnam.They are the Cantonese,Hokkiens,Hainanese,Chiuchow Hoklo Clan,and Hakkas.Over the course of long history and with the impact of the natural environment and historical-social backgrounds of each country in Southeast Asia,the South Chinese communities have settled and created their livings under different forms.This long process includes the obvious"fossilization"of immigrant culture and the interesting cultural transformation to achieve harmonious and sustainable development.The Hakkas in Buu Long(Bien Hoa,Dong Nai,and Vietnam)migrated from the Stone-Carfting Prefecture of Huiyang,Guangdong Province(South China)to live preferably in Buu Long granite mountain area to continue their traditional professions and maintain their migrant culture.They brought to Vietnam the cult of three Professional Masters:Gods of stone-crafting,carpenter,and Blacksmithing.However,under the strong impacts of French colonial policies and local social movement in the early 20th century,the Hakkas changed the form of the cult of three Professional Masters into the cult of Goddess Tian Hou in order to attain the full integration with the other Chinese communities and with the local Vietnamese,socially and economically.Throughout the cultural shift,both the continuity and the change have been proven as the inevitable way to balance two opposite poles:Cultural identities and social integration.展开更多
Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan,a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan(Hanshan Sho'i),we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies...Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan,a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan(Hanshan Sho'i),we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies from Confucianism,Buddhism,and Daoism.Hanshan poetry was broadly read by people belonging to various social statuses during the SONG Dynasty.His poetry was also frequently cited in Chan Buddhist literature of the period.Furthermore,SONG Chan Buddhist monks invited Hanshan into their own genealogy and regarded him as a"San Sheng"(a Free Sage).Many Chan Buddhist monks of the SONG Dynasty used Hanshan poetry in various Chan Buddhist texts.Numerous Chan Buddhist monks even wrote so-called"ni Hanshan shi",which imitated Hanshan poetry as a kind of personal literary creation.It is understandable that when a monk imitated Hanshan poetry,he would simultaneously be both the reader and the creator of Hanshan poetry,and as we understand that every writer produces their works through their own cultural outlook,a newly-formed correlation occurred naturally between the original poetry and imitated poetry through the SONG Chan Buddhist monk's version.By observing this correlation,this paper will deeply analyze the dissemination and acceptance of Hanshan poetry,within Chan Buddhist society in the SONG Dynasty,as based on Chan Buddhist literature,in order to learn more about image creation and the recreation of Hanshan during the period.展开更多
Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essential...Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essentially progressive, and the scientific culture is also a newer one. So Snow, after excluding scientific culture from the whole culture, calls the rest of the whole culture traditional culture. In his opinion, science is more important than humanities. All these ideas are faithfully reflected in his earlier literary work The Masters （1972b）. Snow＇s favor toward men of sciences in the novel is self-evident. ＂The Masters, therefore, may be considered as a political science novel rather than as a political novel＂. It was the Industrial Revolution which created our sensibility展开更多
Sponsored by the China Garment Design and Research Centre (Group) and co-sponsored by the Japanese Brothers Industry Co. Ltd., the 5th Brother Cup China International Garment Youth Designers Works Competition was held...Sponsored by the China Garment Design and Research Centre (Group) and co-sponsored by the Japanese Brothers Industry Co. Ltd., the 5th Brother Cup China International Garment Youth Designers Works Competition was held in Beijing in April 1997. In the course of speeding up the implementation of the namebrand strategy in China’s garment trade, the important role of garment design has been recognized more and more in garment trade circles. Garment design is a creative activity based on the human being as the main factor and bringing science, technology, and art, as well as展开更多
Star River(or Star Bay), an elite works of Hong Yu Group, is located in Sijixinghe Road, Chaoyang Beilu,Beijing. It is a distinguished residence area, occupyingland of 300 thousand sq. meters. The north side is a for-...Star River(or Star Bay), an elite works of Hong Yu Group, is located in Sijixinghe Road, Chaoyang Beilu,Beijing. It is a distinguished residence area, occupyingland of 300 thousand sq. meters. The north side is a for-est garden with 1600 or more mu, the eastern side is agreen belt with 2000-more mu.With an investment of RMB1.5 billion, Beijing StarRiver provides a beautiful landscape and high-qualityresidence. In order to realize a high harmony of con-struction and environment, Beijing Star River has in-vested millions into environmental construction.Star River has won a reputation of Detailed Qualityby Milton Kotler, a world famous marketing master. "Iwould start marketing the apartments in Los Angles, inNew York city, in Chicago, London, " Milton said.One day in September, brothers Kotler(Milton Kotlerand Philip Kotler), world famous marketing masters wereinvited to Star River as noble vips. Their praise forStar River were so high that people would prefer to takeit as an artistic job rather than a residence.展开更多
文摘Practical jurisprudence is a completely new proposition in legal education and research.The introduction of the concept of“practical jurisprudence”in the teaching of the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China(the“Civil Procedure Law”)is a major innovation in terms of values and methodology.Practical jurisprudence focuses more on practical issues,Chinese characteristics,and major needs,while strengthening the practical nature of the Civil Procedure Law.China’s traditional education system for juris masters(for non-law graduates)(“non-law JMs”)emphasizes the development of foundational legal theoretical knowledge.However,it has not fully achieved its goal of cultivating interdisciplinary and practical legal professionals.Therefore,the traditional education system for the Civil Procedure Law needs reconstruction and supplementation through the practical jurisprudence teaching system in the following areas:(a)System composition:The focus should be on the eight tertiary subsystems under the two secondary subsystems—“the knowledge teaching system and the practical teaching system”of practical jurisprudence in the Civil Procedure Law,as well as the management of their interrelationships.(b)Credit structure:The proportion of credits for“practical teaching and training”should be increased.(c)Practical ability requirements:Legal professionals should be cultivated according to the standards for juris masters(for law graduates)as stipulated by the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Academic Degrees.(d)Practice evaluation:“Formalization of the evaluations,”“homogeneity of the evaluators,”and“reliance on written formats”should be avoided.
文摘There is a need and opportunity for China to develop education and practice innovations given that advance practice nurses (APNs) improve health care and outcomes.The China Medical Board (CMB)China Nursing Network (CCNN) began planning for an Advanced Nursing Practice Program for education and career development that will facilitate CCNN's contributions to meeting national nursing policy priorities.This paper presents the discussion,recommendations and action plans developed at the inaugural planning meeting on June 26,2015 at Fudan University in Shanghai.The recommendations are:Develop standards for advanced nursing practice;Develop Master's level curricula based on the standards;Commence pilot projects across a number of University affiliated hospitals;and Prepare clinical tutors and faculty.The strategic directions and actions are: Develop a clinical career ladder system;Expand the nursing role from hospital to community;and Build a specialty nurse accreditation system.
基金Postgraduates Research Innovation Project in Hunan Province(CX2016B484)
文摘Objectives:To explore the current admittance situation of clinical teachers for masters of nursing specialist(MNS)postgraduates and to test the competence of clinical teachers in self-evaluation and other evaluations.Methods:In this cross-sectional study,using a random number table,we chose 80 MNS postgraduates under clinical practice,their clinical teachers,and head nurses each from six hospitals in Hunan and Guangdong.The participants were tested on the basis of the Clinical Teachers'Competence Inventory of MNS Postgraduates.The competences of clinical teachers were evaluated by the three groups of participants.Results:The aggregated scores of teacher competence as evaluated by the MNS postgraduates(181.33±24.95)were lower than those assigned by both clinical teachers(190.75±24.30)and their head nurses(198.53±18.90),with significant differences in all dimensions except for clinical managing ability.The five highest rated items from all participants focused on the teachers'clinical nursing ability,and the five lowest rated items were mainly about their clinical research ability.Conclusion:The evaluation from MNS postgraduates is obviously lower than the self-evaluation of clinical teachers,and all participants are aware of the deficiency in research ability of the teachers.Thus,the admittance and examination of clinical teachers should be controlled strictly.Training should be carried out immediately to strengthen their comprehensive abilities,especially their research ability.
文摘WMG （World Masters Games） athletes have either pursued a physically active lifestyle for an extended period of time or have initiated exercise/sport in later life. This unique cohort of middle-aged to older-aged adults remains relatively uninvestigated with regards to various measures of health. With a need for multifaceted solutions to the obesity epidemic, investigating special populations such as those competing in sport at older ages may further the understanding of the nexus between aging, physical activity and obesity. This study aims to investigate the BMI （body mass index） of North American WMG competitors with respect to national health guidelines and demographics. An online survey was utilized to collect demographic information from athletes competing at the Sydney WMG. BMI was derived using the participant＇s height and body mass. A total of 928 （46.7% male, 53.3% female） participants from Canada and the United States （age： 52.6 ± 9.8 years） completed the survey. The top 5 sports in which participants competed were football （25.6%）, track/field （15.4%）, swimming （8.4%）, volleyball （8.2%）, and softball （7.8%）. Female and male BMI （kg/m2） across all sports were： 〉 30 （obese： 13.9%）, 25-29.9 （overweight： 34.1%）, 18.5-24.9 （normal： 50.3%）, and 〈18.5 （underweight： 1.7%）. Data indicated that BMI was a health risk factor for 13.9% of the participants and a developing risk factor for 34.1% of the participants. Analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced （P 〈 0.05） classification of obesity of the North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and United States national populations. It is believed that adherence to exercise improves indices of general health. A key index of health （obesity） is significantly lower in incidence for North American WMG competitors when compared to Canadian and US populations.
文摘East Asia during 17th to early 20th century witnessed many mass migration flows of South Chinese into Southeast Asia and other parts of the world,including Vietnam.They are the Cantonese,Hokkiens,Hainanese,Chiuchow Hoklo Clan,and Hakkas.Over the course of long history and with the impact of the natural environment and historical-social backgrounds of each country in Southeast Asia,the South Chinese communities have settled and created their livings under different forms.This long process includes the obvious"fossilization"of immigrant culture and the interesting cultural transformation to achieve harmonious and sustainable development.The Hakkas in Buu Long(Bien Hoa,Dong Nai,and Vietnam)migrated from the Stone-Carfting Prefecture of Huiyang,Guangdong Province(South China)to live preferably in Buu Long granite mountain area to continue their traditional professions and maintain their migrant culture.They brought to Vietnam the cult of three Professional Masters:Gods of stone-crafting,carpenter,and Blacksmithing.However,under the strong impacts of French colonial policies and local social movement in the early 20th century,the Hakkas changed the form of the cult of three Professional Masters into the cult of Goddess Tian Hou in order to attain the full integration with the other Chinese communities and with the local Vietnamese,socially and economically.Throughout the cultural shift,both the continuity and the change have been proven as the inevitable way to balance two opposite poles:Cultural identities and social integration.
文摘Although we have no clear picture of the life of Hanshan,a legendary TANG monk and in Collected Poems of Hanshan(Hanshan Sho'i),we can find either unclear ideas regarding his major thoughts or different ideologies from Confucianism,Buddhism,and Daoism.Hanshan poetry was broadly read by people belonging to various social statuses during the SONG Dynasty.His poetry was also frequently cited in Chan Buddhist literature of the period.Furthermore,SONG Chan Buddhist monks invited Hanshan into their own genealogy and regarded him as a"San Sheng"(a Free Sage).Many Chan Buddhist monks of the SONG Dynasty used Hanshan poetry in various Chan Buddhist texts.Numerous Chan Buddhist monks even wrote so-called"ni Hanshan shi",which imitated Hanshan poetry as a kind of personal literary creation.It is understandable that when a monk imitated Hanshan poetry,he would simultaneously be both the reader and the creator of Hanshan poetry,and as we understand that every writer produces their works through their own cultural outlook,a newly-formed correlation occurred naturally between the original poetry and imitated poetry through the SONG Chan Buddhist monk's version.By observing this correlation,this paper will deeply analyze the dissemination and acceptance of Hanshan poetry,within Chan Buddhist society in the SONG Dynasty,as based on Chan Buddhist literature,in order to learn more about image creation and the recreation of Hanshan during the period.
文摘Charles Percy Snow declared his influential Rede Lecture, ＂The Two Cultures＂, in 1959. In his famous lecture, he told us that the most powerful revolutionary force in the world today is science, science is essentially progressive, and the scientific culture is also a newer one. So Snow, after excluding scientific culture from the whole culture, calls the rest of the whole culture traditional culture. In his opinion, science is more important than humanities. All these ideas are faithfully reflected in his earlier literary work The Masters （1972b）. Snow＇s favor toward men of sciences in the novel is self-evident. ＂The Masters, therefore, may be considered as a political science novel rather than as a political novel＂. It was the Industrial Revolution which created our sensibility
文摘Sponsored by the China Garment Design and Research Centre (Group) and co-sponsored by the Japanese Brothers Industry Co. Ltd., the 5th Brother Cup China International Garment Youth Designers Works Competition was held in Beijing in April 1997. In the course of speeding up the implementation of the namebrand strategy in China’s garment trade, the important role of garment design has been recognized more and more in garment trade circles. Garment design is a creative activity based on the human being as the main factor and bringing science, technology, and art, as well as
文摘Star River(or Star Bay), an elite works of Hong Yu Group, is located in Sijixinghe Road, Chaoyang Beilu,Beijing. It is a distinguished residence area, occupyingland of 300 thousand sq. meters. The north side is a for-est garden with 1600 or more mu, the eastern side is agreen belt with 2000-more mu.With an investment of RMB1.5 billion, Beijing StarRiver provides a beautiful landscape and high-qualityresidence. In order to realize a high harmony of con-struction and environment, Beijing Star River has in-vested millions into environmental construction.Star River has won a reputation of Detailed Qualityby Milton Kotler, a world famous marketing master. "Iwould start marketing the apartments in Los Angles, inNew York city, in Chicago, London, " Milton said.One day in September, brothers Kotler(Milton Kotlerand Philip Kotler), world famous marketing masters wereinvited to Star River as noble vips. Their praise forStar River were so high that people would prefer to takeit as an artistic job rather than a residence.
