Plague,caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis,is a serious and rapidly progressing illness in humans that can be fatal if not treated effectively.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest area of natural...Plague,caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis,is a serious and rapidly progressing illness in humans that can be fatal if not treated effectively.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest area of natural Himalayan marmot(Marmota himalayana)plague foci in China and covers more than 630000 km2.Akesai County in Gansu Province is a part of this natural focus of plague and was chosen as a study area.Our study used an ecological niche modeling(ENM)approach to predict the potential distribution of the Himalayan marmot.Environment and Disaster Monitor Satellite(HJ-1)data was used to investigate environment factors that affect plague host animal activity.Host animal point data from active surveillance was combined with environmental variables from the HJ-1 satellite and other databases,and the models of the potential distribution of Himalayan marmot were produced with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production(GARP).The probability of marmot presence was divided into 0-5%,5%-20%,20%-40%,40%-80%,and 80%-100%subgroups.Areas with 80%-100%probability exhibited the greatest potential for the presence of Himalayan marmot.According to the predicted potential distribution of Himalayan marmot in the study area,active surveillance of plague hosts and plague control and prevention could be more efficient.展开更多
Bocaparvovirus(BOV)is a genetically diverse group of DNA viruses and a possible cause of respiratory,enteric,and neurological diseases in humans and animals.Here,two highly divergent BOVs(tentatively named as Himalaya...Bocaparvovirus(BOV)is a genetically diverse group of DNA viruses and a possible cause of respiratory,enteric,and neurological diseases in humans and animals.Here,two highly divergent BOVs(tentatively named as Himalayan marmot BOV,HMBOV1 and HMBOV2)were identified in the livers and feces of wild Himalayan marmots in China,by viral metagenomic analysis.Five of 300 liver samples from Himalayan marmots were positive for HMBOV1 and five of 99 fecal samples from these animals for HMBOV2.Their nearly complete genome sequences are 4,672 and 4,887 nucleotides long,respectively,with a standard genomic organization and containing protein-coding motifs typical for BOVs.Based on their NS1,NP1,and VP1,HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 are most closely related to porcine BOV SX/1-2(approximately 77.0%/50.0%,50.0%/53.0%,and79.0%/54.0%amino acid identity,respectively).Phylogenetic analysis of these three proteins showed that HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 formed two distinctly independent branches in BOVs.According to these results,HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 are two different novel species in the Bocaparvovirus genus.Their identification expands our knowledge of the genetic diversity and evolution of BOVs.Further studies are needed to investigate their potential pathogenicity and their impact on Himalayan marmots and humans.展开更多
基金supported by the Special Grant for Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases(Grant No.2008ZX10004-012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40871173)
文摘Plague,caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis,is a serious and rapidly progressing illness in humans that can be fatal if not treated effectively.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest area of natural Himalayan marmot(Marmota himalayana)plague foci in China and covers more than 630000 km2.Akesai County in Gansu Province is a part of this natural focus of plague and was chosen as a study area.Our study used an ecological niche modeling(ENM)approach to predict the potential distribution of the Himalayan marmot.Environment and Disaster Monitor Satellite(HJ-1)data was used to investigate environment factors that affect plague host animal activity.Host animal point data from active surveillance was combined with environmental variables from the HJ-1 satellite and other databases,and the models of the potential distribution of Himalayan marmot were produced with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production(GARP).The probability of marmot presence was divided into 0-5%,5%-20%,20%-40%,40%-80%,and 80%-100%subgroups.Areas with 80%-100%probability exhibited the greatest potential for the presence of Himalayan marmot.According to the predicted potential distribution of Himalayan marmot in the study area,active surveillance of plague hosts and plague control and prevention could be more efficient.
基金funded by the Special National Project on Research and Development of Key Biosafety Technologies(2016YFC1201900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81290345)
文摘Bocaparvovirus(BOV)is a genetically diverse group of DNA viruses and a possible cause of respiratory,enteric,and neurological diseases in humans and animals.Here,two highly divergent BOVs(tentatively named as Himalayan marmot BOV,HMBOV1 and HMBOV2)were identified in the livers and feces of wild Himalayan marmots in China,by viral metagenomic analysis.Five of 300 liver samples from Himalayan marmots were positive for HMBOV1 and five of 99 fecal samples from these animals for HMBOV2.Their nearly complete genome sequences are 4,672 and 4,887 nucleotides long,respectively,with a standard genomic organization and containing protein-coding motifs typical for BOVs.Based on their NS1,NP1,and VP1,HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 are most closely related to porcine BOV SX/1-2(approximately 77.0%/50.0%,50.0%/53.0%,and79.0%/54.0%amino acid identity,respectively).Phylogenetic analysis of these three proteins showed that HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 formed two distinctly independent branches in BOVs.According to these results,HMBOV1 and HMBOV2 are two different novel species in the Bocaparvovirus genus.Their identification expands our knowledge of the genetic diversity and evolution of BOVs.Further studies are needed to investigate their potential pathogenicity and their impact on Himalayan marmots and humans.
