This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tec...This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tech sectors in China.We found that market-oriented reforms had significantly propelled technology progress in China’s high-tech sectors,and the effects became more evident after China’s WTO entry.Market-oriented reforms induced technology progress by increasing capital allocation efficiency,R&D input,and technology diffusion.Among various aspects of market-oriented reforms,the institutional environment exerted the most significant effects,followed by the economy’s non-state sector,product market development,and factor market development;the government-market relationship index influenced technology’s progress the least.The effects are heterogeneous across sectors with different technology attributes and more significant for technology-intensive sectors.Our findings offer policy implications for China’s ongoing market-oriented reforms and policy design for technology progress in high-tech sectors.展开更多
Crude oil imports in China are mainly carried out by state-owned entities with non state-owned entities as compliment. Crude imported by 5 state-owned entities accounts for 90% of the total imports, while non state-ow...Crude oil imports in China are mainly carried out by state-owned entities with non state-owned entities as compliment. Crude imported by 5 state-owned entities accounts for 90% of the total imports, while non state-owned entities are about given more freedom in using and importing crude. In 2015 only, there were 13 compauies graftted rcritlt access to imported crude oil and 6welv qualiied to import rights. Currently, there are 29 non-state-owned companies engaging in crude import business. China oil market is .faced with severe challenges. Ttre growth rate of oil demand declined, and dependence upon imported oil increased and reached as high as 61.26% in 2015. Refined oil demand growth also slowed down, and oil refining overcapacity got prominent and completion wouht become fiercer＂ in future. Overcapacity was about 140 million toils per year in 2015. Consumption ratio of diesel to gasoline went on declining, and ttre task of product structure adjustment was heavy. China oil market is undergoing great transformation, and institutional mechanism zoill go ahead, on the basis of centering on orderly release of limitations on crude oil and refined oil import and export, orderly release of competitive business arrd government pricing of oil/gas downstream links, vigorous resolving of overcapacity, strengthening low-carbon development, and laying a solid foundation.for guarantee.展开更多
The transformation of the discipline and specialty structure in local universities requires that the specialty setting should meet the needs of regional economic and social development and meet the urgent needs. It is...The transformation of the discipline and specialty structure in local universities requires that the specialty setting should meet the needs of regional economic and social development and meet the urgent needs. It is necessary to construct a demand-oriented discipline structure with modernity and characteristics, and a market evaluation mechanism adapted to economic and social development in mechanism. Actively coupling regional industrial structure mechanism, industry-university-research cooperation as the guidance mechanism. The adjustment and construction of the discipline and specialty structure in local colleges and universities should meet the needs of regional economic and social development for talents. In addition, the orientation and direction adjustment of the school's specialty should be clarified. According to the requirement of "serving local and economic and social development", the discipline construction of local colleges and universities should change from disorder to market orientation, from habituation to modernity, from homogeneity to characteristic.展开更多
To cultivate new professional farmers is a key way for rural labor development, resolving existing problems such as how to farming. It is notable that government and market take advantages in training of new professio...To cultivate new professional farmers is a key way for rural labor development, resolving existing problems such as how to farming. It is notable that government and market take advantages in training of new professional farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee government and market playing the roles. The research explored market-oriented farmer training model and the characteristics and investigated training routes for new professional farmers.展开更多
The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in...The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.展开更多
By analyzing the problems which exist currently in the accident hidden dangers management of the coal mine, this paper proposed a new kind of management method--＂simulating the market＂, in which an operation pattern...By analyzing the problems which exist currently in the accident hidden dangers management of the coal mine, this paper proposed a new kind of management method--＂simulating the market＂, in which an operation pattern of simulating the market to transact hidden troubles was constructed. This method introduces ＂Market Mechanism＂ into safe management, and adopts measurable value to describe the hidden dangers such as＂ human behavior, technique, environment, equipments etc.＂. It regards the hidden dangers as ＂the goods produced by labor＂ which are found out by the safety managers and the security inspectors, then sells as ＂commodity＂. By the process of disposing, counterchecking, re-selling, and redisposing. It forms a set of market-oriented closed-form management pattern of coalmine accident hidden dangers. This kind of management method changes the past traditional methods in which the wageworkers treat safety management passively, but to encourage and restrict them to participate in the check-up and improvement of the hidden dangers.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial auto...The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.展开更多
Not long ago, the Shanghai Port Machinery Co. Ltd. won the bid during international tender for the cement construction equipment for dams and factory buildings of Phase Ⅱ of the Three Gorges Project, thanks to its ex...Not long ago, the Shanghai Port Machinery Co. Ltd. won the bid during international tender for the cement construction equipment for dams and factory buildings of Phase Ⅱ of the Three Gorges Project, thanks to its excellent product quality, advanced technology content and fine enterprise image, obtaining the contract to build the world’s largest, technically difficult overhead cranes, fully displaying its tremendous strength.展开更多
The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking marke...The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Ni...With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.展开更多
China＇s central bank cut interest rates for deposits and loans and adjusted their floating ranges on June 8.Yi Xianrong,a research fellow with the Institute of Finance and Bankingunder the Chinese Academy of Social S...China＇s central bank cut interest rates for deposits and loans and adjusted their floating ranges on June 8.Yi Xianrong,a research fellow with the Institute of Finance and Bankingunder the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, shared his views on the impact of the cut with Shanghai Securities News. Edited excerpts follow：展开更多
Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccele...Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccelerating the reform on pricing mechanism can sound development of the power industry be promoted.展开更多
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the teaching mode in the field of education is undergoing profound changes.Especially the design and implementation of personalized learning paths ha...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the teaching mode in the field of education is undergoing profound changes.Especially the design and implementation of personalized learning paths have become an important direction of intelligent teaching reform.The traditional“one-size-fits-all”teaching model has gradually failed to meet the individualized learning needs of students.However,through the advantages of data analysis and real-time feedback,AI technology can provide tailor-made teaching content and learning paths based on students’learning progress,interests,and abilities.This study explores the innovation of the personalized learning path model based on AI technology,and analyzes the potential and challenges of this model in improving teaching effectiveness,promoting the all-round development of students,and optimizing the interaction between teachers and students.Through case analysis and empirical research,this paper summarizes the implementation methods of the AI-driven personalized learning path,the innovation of teaching models,and their application prospects in educational reform.Meanwhile,the research also discussed the ethical issues of AI technology in education,data privacy protection,and its impact on the teacher-student relationship,and proposed corresponding solutions.展开更多
This study examines the Big Data Collection and Preprocessing course at Anhui Institute of Information Engineering,implementing a hybrid teaching reform using the Bosi Smart Learning Platform.The proposed hybrid model...This study examines the Big Data Collection and Preprocessing course at Anhui Institute of Information Engineering,implementing a hybrid teaching reform using the Bosi Smart Learning Platform.The proposed hybrid model follows a“three-stage”and“two-subject”framework,incorporating a structured design for teaching content and assessment methods before,during,and after class.Practical results indicate that this approach significantly enhances teaching effectiveness and improves students’learning autonomy.展开更多
Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxi...Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.展开更多
China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integra...China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.展开更多
CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed gra...CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.展开更多
基金by the General Program of the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)“Study on the Effects of Factor Price Distortion on the Technology Sophistication of Exports from High-tech Sectors and Policy Response”(Grant No.71773107).
文摘This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tech sectors in China.We found that market-oriented reforms had significantly propelled technology progress in China’s high-tech sectors,and the effects became more evident after China’s WTO entry.Market-oriented reforms induced technology progress by increasing capital allocation efficiency,R&D input,and technology diffusion.Among various aspects of market-oriented reforms,the institutional environment exerted the most significant effects,followed by the economy’s non-state sector,product market development,and factor market development;the government-market relationship index influenced technology’s progress the least.The effects are heterogeneous across sectors with different technology attributes and more significant for technology-intensive sectors.Our findings offer policy implications for China’s ongoing market-oriented reforms and policy design for technology progress in high-tech sectors.
文摘Crude oil imports in China are mainly carried out by state-owned entities with non state-owned entities as compliment. Crude imported by 5 state-owned entities accounts for 90% of the total imports, while non state-owned entities are about given more freedom in using and importing crude. In 2015 only, there were 13 compauies graftted rcritlt access to imported crude oil and 6welv qualiied to import rights. Currently, there are 29 non-state-owned companies engaging in crude import business. China oil market is .faced with severe challenges. Ttre growth rate of oil demand declined, and dependence upon imported oil increased and reached as high as 61.26% in 2015. Refined oil demand growth also slowed down, and oil refining overcapacity got prominent and completion wouht become fiercer＂ in future. Overcapacity was about 140 million toils per year in 2015. Consumption ratio of diesel to gasoline went on declining, and ttre task of product structure adjustment was heavy. China oil market is undergoing great transformation, and institutional mechanism zoill go ahead, on the basis of centering on orderly release of limitations on crude oil and refined oil import and export, orderly release of competitive business arrd government pricing of oil/gas downstream links, vigorous resolving of overcapacity, strengthening low-carbon development, and laying a solid foundation.for guarantee.
文摘The transformation of the discipline and specialty structure in local universities requires that the specialty setting should meet the needs of regional economic and social development and meet the urgent needs. It is necessary to construct a demand-oriented discipline structure with modernity and characteristics, and a market evaluation mechanism adapted to economic and social development in mechanism. Actively coupling regional industrial structure mechanism, industry-university-research cooperation as the guidance mechanism. The adjustment and construction of the discipline and specialty structure in local colleges and universities should meet the needs of regional economic and social development for talents. In addition, the orientation and direction adjustment of the school's specialty should be clarified. According to the requirement of "serving local and economic and social development", the discipline construction of local colleges and universities should change from disorder to market orientation, from habituation to modernity, from homogeneity to characteristic.
基金Supported by Chongqing Education Science Planning Program(2013-ZJ-060)Humanities and Social Science Research Planning Program of Ministry of Education(13YJA630042)+1 种基金Humanities and Social Science Research Program of Chongqing Education Committee(14SKN03)S&T Innovation Team Construction and Planning Foundation of Yangtze Normal University(2014XJTD03)~~
文摘To cultivate new professional farmers is a key way for rural labor development, resolving existing problems such as how to farming. It is notable that government and market take advantages in training of new professional farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee government and market playing the roles. The research explored market-oriented farmer training model and the characteristics and investigated training routes for new professional farmers.
文摘The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.
文摘By analyzing the problems which exist currently in the accident hidden dangers management of the coal mine, this paper proposed a new kind of management method--＂simulating the market＂, in which an operation pattern of simulating the market to transact hidden troubles was constructed. This method introduces ＂Market Mechanism＂ into safe management, and adopts measurable value to describe the hidden dangers such as＂ human behavior, technique, environment, equipments etc.＂. It regards the hidden dangers as ＂the goods produced by labor＂ which are found out by the safety managers and the security inspectors, then sells as ＂commodity＂. By the process of disposing, counterchecking, re-selling, and redisposing. It forms a set of market-oriented closed-form management pattern of coalmine accident hidden dangers. This kind of management method changes the past traditional methods in which the wageworkers treat safety management passively, but to encourage and restrict them to participate in the check-up and improvement of the hidden dangers.
基金Supported by Chongqing Key Humanities and Social Sciences Base--Research Center of Rural Economics and Management of Southwest University
文摘The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.
文摘Not long ago, the Shanghai Port Machinery Co. Ltd. won the bid during international tender for the cement construction equipment for dams and factory buildings of Phase Ⅱ of the Three Gorges Project, thanks to its excellent product quality, advanced technology content and fine enterprise image, obtaining the contract to build the world’s largest, technically difficult overhead cranes, fully displaying its tremendous strength.
文摘The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(202203021221155)the Foundation of National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal(J23-24-902)。
文摘With ongoing global warming and increasing energy demands,the CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming reaction(dry reforming of methane,DRM)has garnered significant attention as a promising carbon capture and utilization technology.Nickel-based catalysts are renowned for their outstanding activity and selectivity in this process.The impact of metal-support interaction(MSI),on Ni-based catalyst performance has been extensively researched and debated recently.This paper reviews the recent research progress of MSI on Ni-based catalysts and their characterization and modulation strategies in catalytic reactions.From the perspective of MSI,the effects of different carriers(metal oxides,carbon materials and molecular sieves,etc.)are introduced on the dispersion and surface structure of Ni active metal particles,and the effect of MSI on the activity and stability of DRM reactions on Ni-based catalysts is discussed in detail.Future research should focus on better understanding and controlling MSI to improve the performance and durability of nickel-based catalysts in CH_(4)-CO_(2)reforming,advancing cleaner energy technologies.
文摘China＇s central bank cut interest rates for deposits and loans and adjusted their floating ranges on June 8.Yi Xianrong,a research fellow with the Institute of Finance and Bankingunder the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, shared his views on the impact of the cut with Shanghai Securities News. Edited excerpts follow：
文摘Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccelerating the reform on pricing mechanism can sound development of the power industry be promoted.
基金The 2024 Guangdong University of Science and Technology Teaching,Science and Innovation Project(GKJXXZ2024028)。
文摘With the rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the teaching mode in the field of education is undergoing profound changes.Especially the design and implementation of personalized learning paths have become an important direction of intelligent teaching reform.The traditional“one-size-fits-all”teaching model has gradually failed to meet the individualized learning needs of students.However,through the advantages of data analysis and real-time feedback,AI technology can provide tailor-made teaching content and learning paths based on students’learning progress,interests,and abilities.This study explores the innovation of the personalized learning path model based on AI technology,and analyzes the potential and challenges of this model in improving teaching effectiveness,promoting the all-round development of students,and optimizing the interaction between teachers and students.Through case analysis and empirical research,this paper summarizes the implementation methods of the AI-driven personalized learning path,the innovation of teaching models,and their application prospects in educational reform.Meanwhile,the research also discussed the ethical issues of AI technology in education,data privacy protection,and its impact on the teacher-student relationship,and proposed corresponding solutions.
基金2024 Anqing Normal University University-Level Key Project(ZK2024062D)。
文摘This study examines the Big Data Collection and Preprocessing course at Anhui Institute of Information Engineering,implementing a hybrid teaching reform using the Bosi Smart Learning Platform.The proposed hybrid model follows a“three-stage”and“two-subject”framework,incorporating a structured design for teaching content and assessment methods before,during,and after class.Practical results indicate that this approach significantly enhances teaching effectiveness and improves students’learning autonomy.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB4007501)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240109)the project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Carbon Resources(No.BM2024007).
文摘Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071042)。
文摘China’s healthcare system faces increasing challenges,including surging medical costs,resource allocation imbalances favoring large hospitals,and ineffective referral mechanisms.The lack of a unified strategy integrating standardized coverage with personalized payment compounds these issues.To this end,this study proposes a risk-sharing reform strategy that combines equal coverage for the same disease(ECSD)with an individualized out-of-pocket(I-OOP)model.Specifically,the study employs a Markov model to capture patient transitions across health states and care levels.The findings show that ECSD and I-OOP enhance equity by standardizing disease coverage while tailoring costs to patient income and facility type.This approach alleviates demand on high-tier hospitals,promoting primary care utilization and enabling balanced resource distribution.The study’s findings provide a reference for policymakers and healthcare administrators by presenting a scalable framework that is aligned with China’s development goals with the aim of fostering an efficient,sustainable healthcare system that is adaptable to regional needs.
文摘CeO_(2) based semiconductor are widely used in solar-driven photothermal catalytic dry reforming of methane(DRM)reaction,but still suffer from low activity and low light utilization efficiency.This study developed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces to enhance solar-driven photothermal catalytic DRM.Compared with carbon nanotubes-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-CNT),graphite-modified CeO_(2)(CeO_(2)-GRA)constructed graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with distortion in CeO_(2),leading to the formation abundant oxygen vacancies.These graphite-CeO_(2) interfaces with oxygen vacancies enhanced optical absorption and promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers.The high endothermic capacity of graphite elevated the catalyst surface temperature from 592.1−691.3℃,boosting light-to-thermal conversion.The synergy between photogenerated carriers and localized heat enabled Ni/CeO_(2)-GRA to achieve a CO production rate of 9985.6 mmol/(g·h)(vs 7192.4 mmol/(g·h)for Ni/CeO_(2))and a light-to-fuel efficiency of 21.8%(vs 13.8%for Ni/CeO_(2)).This work provides insights for designing graphite-semiconductor interfaces to advance photothermal catalytic efficiency.
