The extraction of coal measure gas has been shifted toward thin gas reservoirs due to the depletion of medium-thick gas reservoirs.The coproduction of coalbed gas,shale gas,and tight sandstone gas(called a multisuperp...The extraction of coal measure gas has been shifted toward thin gas reservoirs due to the depletion of medium-thick gas reservoirs.The coproduction of coalbed gas,shale gas,and tight sandstone gas(called a multisuperposed gas system)is a key low-cost technology for the enhancement of natural gas production from thin gas reservoirs in coal measure.As an emerging engineering exploitation technology at its early stage of development,gas coproduction confronts various engineering challenges in hydraulic fracturing,bottom-hole pressure regulation,well network arrangement,and extraction sequence.The current understanding of the opportunities and challenges in the gas coproduction from the multisuperposed gas system is not comprehensive enough.In this case,the previous achievements in the field of gas coproduction should be urgently reviewed to provide valuable guidance and recommendations for further development.This review first discusses the regional and spatial distribution characteristics and possible reservoir combinations of gas reservoirs in coal measure.Then,the basic properties of different reservoirs,engineering challenges,and interlayer interference are comparatively analyzed and discussed.The current simulation models for gas coproduction and potential future research directions are further explored.The results indicate that the coupling effects of reservoir heterogeneity,interwell interference,and geological structure for increasing coproduction prediction accuracy should be included in future simulation models for gas coproduction.Careful investigation is required to explore the mechanisms and their further quantifications on the effects of interlayer interference in gas coproduction.The fractal dimension as a scale can play an important role in the characterization of the gas and water transport in different reservoirs.The machine learning methods have tremendous potential to provide accurate and fast predictions for gas coproduction and interlayer interference.展开更多
To cultivate new professional farmers is a key way for rural labor development, resolving existing problems such as how to farming. It is notable that government and market take advantages in training of new professio...To cultivate new professional farmers is a key way for rural labor development, resolving existing problems such as how to farming. It is notable that government and market take advantages in training of new professional farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee government and market playing the roles. The research explored market-oriented farmer training model and the characteristics and investigated training routes for new professional farmers.展开更多
The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in...The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.展开更多
By analyzing the problems which exist currently in the accident hidden dangers management of the coal mine, this paper proposed a new kind of management method--＂simulating the market＂, in which an operation pattern...By analyzing the problems which exist currently in the accident hidden dangers management of the coal mine, this paper proposed a new kind of management method--＂simulating the market＂, in which an operation pattern of simulating the market to transact hidden troubles was constructed. This method introduces ＂Market Mechanism＂ into safe management, and adopts measurable value to describe the hidden dangers such as＂ human behavior, technique, environment, equipments etc.＂. It regards the hidden dangers as ＂the goods produced by labor＂ which are found out by the safety managers and the security inspectors, then sells as ＂commodity＂. By the process of disposing, counterchecking, re-selling, and redisposing. It forms a set of market-oriented closed-form management pattern of coalmine accident hidden dangers. This kind of management method changes the past traditional methods in which the wageworkers treat safety management passively, but to encourage and restrict them to participate in the check-up and improvement of the hidden dangers.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial auto...The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.展开更多
Not long ago, the Shanghai Port Machinery Co. Ltd. won the bid during international tender for the cement construction equipment for dams and factory buildings of Phase Ⅱ of the Three Gorges Project, thanks to its ex...Not long ago, the Shanghai Port Machinery Co. Ltd. won the bid during international tender for the cement construction equipment for dams and factory buildings of Phase Ⅱ of the Three Gorges Project, thanks to its excellent product quality, advanced technology content and fine enterprise image, obtaining the contract to build the world’s largest, technically difficult overhead cranes, fully displaying its tremendous strength.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tec...This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tech sectors in China.We found that market-oriented reforms had significantly propelled technology progress in China’s high-tech sectors,and the effects became more evident after China’s WTO entry.Market-oriented reforms induced technology progress by increasing capital allocation efficiency,R&D input,and technology diffusion.Among various aspects of market-oriented reforms,the institutional environment exerted the most significant effects,followed by the economy’s non-state sector,product market development,and factor market development;the government-market relationship index influenced technology’s progress the least.The effects are heterogeneous across sectors with different technology attributes and more significant for technology-intensive sectors.Our findings offer policy implications for China’s ongoing market-oriented reforms and policy design for technology progress in high-tech sectors.展开更多
The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking marke...The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.展开更多
On November 29,2013 the Shaanxi Coal Chemicals Technology Engineering Center,Ltd.(SCCTEC),the CNOOC Huizhou Refining and Chemical Company and the SINOPEC Luoyang Engineering Company,Ltd.signed an agreement on cooperat...On November 29,2013 the Shaanxi Coal Chemicals Technology Engineering Center,Ltd.(SCCTEC),the CNOOC Huizhou Refining and Chemical Company and the SINOPEC Luoyang Engineering Company,Ltd.signed an agreement on cooperation in development of展开更多
China＇s central bank cut interest rates for deposits and loans and adjusted their floating ranges on June 8.Yi Xianrong,a research fellow with the Institute of Finance and Bankingunder the Chinese Academy of Social S...China＇s central bank cut interest rates for deposits and loans and adjusted their floating ranges on June 8.Yi Xianrong,a research fellow with the Institute of Finance and Bankingunder the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, shared his views on the impact of the cut with Shanghai Securities News. Edited excerpts follow：展开更多
Before proposing an innovative process for the coproduction of ethyl and butyl acetates, the individual syntheses of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate by two different routes were first studied. These syntheses involved...Before proposing an innovative process for the coproduction of ethyl and butyl acetates, the individual syntheses of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate by two different routes were first studied. These syntheses involved the reaction of ethanol or n-butanol with acetic acid or acetic anhydride in the presence of ion exchange resins: Amberlyst 15, Amberlyst 16, Amberlyst 36 and Dowex 50WX8. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed with all resins. The lowest activation energy (Ea) value was obtained with Dowex 50WX8, which was identified as the best-performing resin, able to be reused at least in four runs without regeneration. The presence of water-azeotropes during the synthesis of ethyl acetate makes its purification difficult. A new strategy was adopted here, involving the use of ethanol and acetic anhydride as the starting material. In order to minimize acetic acid as co-product of this reaction, a novel two-step process for the coproduction of ethyl and butyl acetates was developed. The first step involves the production of ethyl acetate and its purification. Butyl acetate was produced in the second step: n-butanol was added to the mixture of acetic acid and the resin remaining after the first-step distillation. This process yields ethyl acetate and butyl acetate at high purity and shows an environmental benefit over the independent syntheses by green metrics calculation and life cycle assessment.展开更多
Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccele...Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccelerating the reform on pricing mechanism can sound development of the power industry be promoted.展开更多
The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory ...The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory qualities of the food.The effects of five different particle size variations on the physicochemical characteristics,dough,and steamed bread structure of Flaxseed-based milk coproduct(FMC)were investigated.As the particle size decreases,the structure of the dough becomes denser due to an increase in water retention capacity and dissolution capacity,weakening the competition for dough moisture and allowing for an increase in air-holding capacity.The reduction in particle size increased the specific volume of the steamed bread,a decrease in the spread ratio,and an optimization of hardness and elasticity,as well as an increase in consumer acceptance of the FMC steamed bread.However,it is not the smaller the particle size,the higher the quality of steamed bread,appropriate reduction of particle size can improve the quality of steamed bread.In addition,the addition of FMC reduces fat digestion.Therefore,the present study proposes a method to change the particle size of FMC to optimize the quality of the steamed bread and to reduce fat digestibility by adding FMC.展开更多
The duality theorem of generalized weak smash coproducts of weak module coalgebras and comodule coalgebras over quantum groupoids is studied.Let H be a weak Hopf algebra,C a left weak H-comodule coalgebra and D a left...The duality theorem of generalized weak smash coproducts of weak module coalgebras and comodule coalgebras over quantum groupoids is studied.Let H be a weak Hopf algebra,C a left weak H-comodule coalgebra and D a left weak H-module coalgebra.First,a weak generalized smash coproduct C×lH D over quantum groupoids is defined and the module and comodule structures on it are constructed.The weak generalized right smash coproduct C×rL D is similar.Then some isomorph-isms between them are obtained.Secondly,by introducing some concepts of a weak convolution invertible element,a weak co-inner coaction and a strongly relative co-inner coaction,a sufficient condition for C×rH D to be isomorphic to Cv D is obtained,where v∈WC（C,H）and the coaction of H on D is right strongly relative co-inner.Finally,the duality theorem for a generalized smash coproduct over quantum groupoids,（C×lH H）×lH H≌Cv（H×lH H）,is obtained.展开更多
In this paper, the notion of L-R crossed coproduct is introduced as a unified approach for smash coproducts, crossed coproducts and L-R smash coproducts of Hopf algebras.A duality theorem for L-R crossed coproduct is ...In this paper, the notion of L-R crossed coproduct is introduced as a unified approach for smash coproducts, crossed coproducts and L-R smash coproducts of Hopf algebras.A duality theorem for L-R crossed coproduct is proved.展开更多
In this paper, we construct a cocylindrical object associated to two coalgebras and a cotwisted map. It is shown that there exists an isomorphism between the cocyclic object of the crossed coproduet coalgebra induced ...In this paper, we construct a cocylindrical object associated to two coalgebras and a cotwisted map. It is shown that there exists an isomorphism between the cocyclic object of the crossed coproduet coalgebra induced from two coalgebras with a cotwisted map and the cocyclic object related to the diagonal of the cocylindrical object.展开更多
Let （C,α） and （H, β） be Hom-bialgebras and ω ： C × H → H × C a linear map. We introduce a Horn-ω-smash coproduct （Cω H, γ） and give necessary and sufficient conditions for （Cω H, γ） to be...Let （C,α） and （H, β） be Hom-bialgebras and ω ： C × H → H × C a linear map. We introduce a Horn-ω-smash coproduct （Cω H, γ） and give necessary and sufficient conditions for （Cω H, γ） to be a Hom-bialgebra. We study the quasi-triangular structures over （Cω H, γ） and show the necessary and sufficient conditions for （Cω H, γ R） to be a quasi-triangular Hom-Hopf algebra. As applications of our results, we introduce the concept of D（H）＊ and construct quasi-triangular structures over D（H）＊.展开更多
Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FM...Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FMC and okara.We also examined the in vitro starch digestibility,expected glycemic index(eGI),starch crystallinity,and short-range order structure of CSB.The results showed that FMC and okara decreased the dough fluidity,formed a dense structure,and enhanced the mechanical properties of the dough.FMC and okara increased the hardness,gumminess,and chewiness of the CSB,while decreasing its cohesion and elasticity.The addition of FMC and okara improved the nutrient content of CSB and reduced the eGI from 75.86 to 51.56.FMC and okara altered the multiscale structure of starch,effectively shielding the amylase site of action,and limited the interaction between amylase and starch.This study provides a reference for the high-value utilization of oilseed processing by-products.展开更多
In 2014, Vargas first defined a super-shuffle product and a cut-box coproduct on permutations. In 2020, Aval, Bergeron and Machacek introduced the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct on labeled simple grap...In 2014, Vargas first defined a super-shuffle product and a cut-box coproduct on permutations. In 2020, Aval, Bergeron and Machacek introduced the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct on labeled simple graphs. In this paper, we generalize the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct from labeled simple graphs to (0,1)-matrices. Then we prove that the vector space spanned by (0,1)-matrices with the super-shuffle product is a graded algebra and with the cut-box coproduct is a graded coalgebra.展开更多
基金China Scholarship Council,Grant/Award Number:202206420091National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:42030810,51674246。
文摘The extraction of coal measure gas has been shifted toward thin gas reservoirs due to the depletion of medium-thick gas reservoirs.The coproduction of coalbed gas,shale gas,and tight sandstone gas(called a multisuperposed gas system)is a key low-cost technology for the enhancement of natural gas production from thin gas reservoirs in coal measure.As an emerging engineering exploitation technology at its early stage of development,gas coproduction confronts various engineering challenges in hydraulic fracturing,bottom-hole pressure regulation,well network arrangement,and extraction sequence.The current understanding of the opportunities and challenges in the gas coproduction from the multisuperposed gas system is not comprehensive enough.In this case,the previous achievements in the field of gas coproduction should be urgently reviewed to provide valuable guidance and recommendations for further development.This review first discusses the regional and spatial distribution characteristics and possible reservoir combinations of gas reservoirs in coal measure.Then,the basic properties of different reservoirs,engineering challenges,and interlayer interference are comparatively analyzed and discussed.The current simulation models for gas coproduction and potential future research directions are further explored.The results indicate that the coupling effects of reservoir heterogeneity,interwell interference,and geological structure for increasing coproduction prediction accuracy should be included in future simulation models for gas coproduction.Careful investigation is required to explore the mechanisms and their further quantifications on the effects of interlayer interference in gas coproduction.The fractal dimension as a scale can play an important role in the characterization of the gas and water transport in different reservoirs.The machine learning methods have tremendous potential to provide accurate and fast predictions for gas coproduction and interlayer interference.
基金Supported by Chongqing Education Science Planning Program(2013-ZJ-060)Humanities and Social Science Research Planning Program of Ministry of Education(13YJA630042)+1 种基金Humanities and Social Science Research Program of Chongqing Education Committee(14SKN03)S&T Innovation Team Construction and Planning Foundation of Yangtze Normal University(2014XJTD03)~~
文摘To cultivate new professional farmers is a key way for rural labor development, resolving existing problems such as how to farming. It is notable that government and market take advantages in training of new professional farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to guarantee government and market playing the roles. The research explored market-oriented farmer training model and the characteristics and investigated training routes for new professional farmers.
文摘The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.
文摘By analyzing the problems which exist currently in the accident hidden dangers management of the coal mine, this paper proposed a new kind of management method--＂simulating the market＂, in which an operation pattern of simulating the market to transact hidden troubles was constructed. This method introduces ＂Market Mechanism＂ into safe management, and adopts measurable value to describe the hidden dangers such as＂ human behavior, technique, environment, equipments etc.＂. It regards the hidden dangers as ＂the goods produced by labor＂ which are found out by the safety managers and the security inspectors, then sells as ＂commodity＂. By the process of disposing, counterchecking, re-selling, and redisposing. It forms a set of market-oriented closed-form management pattern of coalmine accident hidden dangers. This kind of management method changes the past traditional methods in which the wageworkers treat safety management passively, but to encourage and restrict them to participate in the check-up and improvement of the hidden dangers.
基金Supported by Chongqing Key Humanities and Social Sciences Base--Research Center of Rural Economics and Management of Southwest University
文摘The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the spatial distribution and change trend of the marketing level of stateowned land supply so as to provide policy recommendations. Method of spatial autocorrelation analysis is employed. The results indicate that the spatial layout of the land supply marketing level is generally dispersed,but it does assemble in some specific area. The correlation between the marketing level of state-owned land supply and the economic development is not statistically significant. But their relations fluctuate obviously. The overall marketing level of state-owned land supply is increasing and spatially concentrated. The expansion rate of marketing has decreased first and then increased and stabilized now. The high-value cluster center of marketing level of state-owned land supply exists all over the country; however the existence probability of the cluster is bigger in undeveloped areas. It is concluded that spatial autocorrelation analysis is a good method to quantitatively analyze the spatial variation of marketing level of state-owned land supply in China. To grasp the spatial and temporal variations of the marketing level of state-owned land supply is also good to enhance running of the state-owned land market.
文摘Not long ago, the Shanghai Port Machinery Co. Ltd. won the bid during international tender for the cement construction equipment for dams and factory buildings of Phase Ⅱ of the Three Gorges Project, thanks to its excellent product quality, advanced technology content and fine enterprise image, obtaining the contract to build the world’s largest, technically difficult overhead cranes, fully displaying its tremendous strength.
基金by the General Program of the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)“Study on the Effects of Factor Price Distortion on the Technology Sophistication of Exports from High-tech Sectors and Policy Response”(Grant No.71773107).
文摘This paper aims to explore the effects of market-oriented reforms on industrial technology progress.Based on a theoretical analysis,we performed an empirical study with a marketization index and panel data of high-tech sectors in China.We found that market-oriented reforms had significantly propelled technology progress in China’s high-tech sectors,and the effects became more evident after China’s WTO entry.Market-oriented reforms induced technology progress by increasing capital allocation efficiency,R&D input,and technology diffusion.Among various aspects of market-oriented reforms,the institutional environment exerted the most significant effects,followed by the economy’s non-state sector,product market development,and factor market development;the government-market relationship index influenced technology’s progress the least.The effects are heterogeneous across sectors with different technology attributes and more significant for technology-intensive sectors.Our findings offer policy implications for China’s ongoing market-oriented reforms and policy design for technology progress in high-tech sectors.
文摘The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.
文摘On November 29,2013 the Shaanxi Coal Chemicals Technology Engineering Center,Ltd.(SCCTEC),the CNOOC Huizhou Refining and Chemical Company and the SINOPEC Luoyang Engineering Company,Ltd.signed an agreement on cooperation in development of
文摘China＇s central bank cut interest rates for deposits and loans and adjusted their floating ranges on June 8.Yi Xianrong,a research fellow with the Institute of Finance and Bankingunder the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, shared his views on the impact of the cut with Shanghai Securities News. Edited excerpts follow：
基金supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program for research,technological development and demonstration(FP7/2007-2013)[Grant Agreement No.605215]CONACyT for providing funding through PhD scholarship no.383910.
文摘Before proposing an innovative process for the coproduction of ethyl and butyl acetates, the individual syntheses of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate by two different routes were first studied. These syntheses involved the reaction of ethanol or n-butanol with acetic acid or acetic anhydride in the presence of ion exchange resins: Amberlyst 15, Amberlyst 16, Amberlyst 36 and Dowex 50WX8. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were performed with all resins. The lowest activation energy (Ea) value was obtained with Dowex 50WX8, which was identified as the best-performing resin, able to be reused at least in four runs without regeneration. The presence of water-azeotropes during the synthesis of ethyl acetate makes its purification difficult. A new strategy was adopted here, involving the use of ethanol and acetic anhydride as the starting material. In order to minimize acetic acid as co-product of this reaction, a novel two-step process for the coproduction of ethyl and butyl acetates was developed. The first step involves the production of ethyl acetate and its purification. Butyl acetate was produced in the second step: n-butanol was added to the mixture of acetic acid and the resin remaining after the first-step distillation. This process yields ethyl acetate and butyl acetate at high purity and shows an environmental benefit over the independent syntheses by green metrics calculation and life cycle assessment.
文摘Electricity pricing is the core of the power institutional reform in China, which is related to not onlyinterests redistribution of all parties, but also health and security of the entire power industry. Only byaccelerating the reform on pricing mechanism can sound development of the power industry be promoted.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+3 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(3562).
文摘The increased risk of chronic diseases has led to increasing importance of coarse foods in daily life,but the inclusion of new ingredients has a great degree of influence on the structural characteristics and sensory qualities of the food.The effects of five different particle size variations on the physicochemical characteristics,dough,and steamed bread structure of Flaxseed-based milk coproduct(FMC)were investigated.As the particle size decreases,the structure of the dough becomes denser due to an increase in water retention capacity and dissolution capacity,weakening the competition for dough moisture and allowing for an increase in air-holding capacity.The reduction in particle size increased the specific volume of the steamed bread,a decrease in the spread ratio,and an optimization of hardness and elasticity,as well as an increase in consumer acceptance of the FMC steamed bread.However,it is not the smaller the particle size,the higher the quality of steamed bread,appropriate reduction of particle size can improve the quality of steamed bread.In addition,the addition of FMC reduces fat digestion.Therefore,the present study proposes a method to change the particle size of FMC to optimize the quality of the steamed bread and to reduce fat digestibility by adding FMC.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10871042)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2009258)
文摘The duality theorem of generalized weak smash coproducts of weak module coalgebras and comodule coalgebras over quantum groupoids is studied.Let H be a weak Hopf algebra,C a left weak H-comodule coalgebra and D a left weak H-module coalgebra.First,a weak generalized smash coproduct C×lH D over quantum groupoids is defined and the module and comodule structures on it are constructed.The weak generalized right smash coproduct C×rL D is similar.Then some isomorph-isms between them are obtained.Secondly,by introducing some concepts of a weak convolution invertible element,a weak co-inner coaction and a strongly relative co-inner coaction,a sufficient condition for C×rH D to be isomorphic to Cv D is obtained,where v∈WC（C,H）and the coaction of H on D is right strongly relative co-inner.Finally,the duality theorem for a generalized smash coproduct over quantum groupoids,（C×lH H）×lH H≌Cv（H×lH H）,is obtained.
基金Research supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11261063,11471186,11501317)the Natural Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018MA012,ZR2016AQ03)
文摘In this paper, the notion of L-R crossed coproduct is introduced as a unified approach for smash coproducts, crossed coproducts and L-R smash coproducts of Hopf algebras.A duality theorem for L-R crossed coproduct is proved.
基金The NSF(11261063,11171183)of Chinathe Fund(2012ZDXK03)of the Key Disciplines in the General Colleges and Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region+1 种基金the Foundation(2013721043)for Excellent Youth Science and Technology Innovation Talents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regionthe NSF(ZR2011AM013)of Shandong Province
文摘In this paper, we construct a cocylindrical object associated to two coalgebras and a cotwisted map. It is shown that there exists an isomorphism between the cocyclic object of the crossed coproduet coalgebra induced from two coalgebras with a cotwisted map and the cocyclic object related to the diagonal of the cocylindrical object.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60873267)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation of China(2011A610172)K.C.Wang Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘Let （C,α） and （H, β） be Hom-bialgebras and ω ： C × H → H × C a linear map. We introduce a Horn-ω-smash coproduct （Cω H, γ） and give necessary and sufficient conditions for （Cω H, γ） to be a Hom-bialgebra. We study the quasi-triangular structures over （Cω H, γ） and show the necessary and sufficient conditions for （Cω H, γ R） to be a quasi-triangular Hom-Hopf algebra. As applications of our results, we introduce the concept of D（H）＊ and construct quasi-triangular structures over D（H）＊.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100403)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)+2 种基金the Earmarked Fund for CARS-14,the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province(2023AFA042)the Key Research Projects of Hubei Province(2020BBA045)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(3562).
文摘Flaxseed milk coproduct(FMC)is a by-product of flaxseed milk.Okara is a by-product of processed soybean products.In this study,we investigated the quality of dough and Chinese steamed bread(CSB)with the addition of FMC and okara.We also examined the in vitro starch digestibility,expected glycemic index(eGI),starch crystallinity,and short-range order structure of CSB.The results showed that FMC and okara decreased the dough fluidity,formed a dense structure,and enhanced the mechanical properties of the dough.FMC and okara increased the hardness,gumminess,and chewiness of the CSB,while decreasing its cohesion and elasticity.The addition of FMC and okara improved the nutrient content of CSB and reduced the eGI from 75.86 to 51.56.FMC and okara altered the multiscale structure of starch,effectively shielding the amylase site of action,and limited the interaction between amylase and starch.This study provides a reference for the high-value utilization of oilseed processing by-products.
文摘In 2014, Vargas first defined a super-shuffle product and a cut-box coproduct on permutations. In 2020, Aval, Bergeron and Machacek introduced the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct on labeled simple graphs. In this paper, we generalize the super-shuffle product and the cut-box coproduct from labeled simple graphs to (0,1)-matrices. Then we prove that the vector space spanned by (0,1)-matrices with the super-shuffle product is a graded algebra and with the cut-box coproduct is a graded coalgebra.
