Recently, IPO (Initial Public Offering)has seen great change in China. This shift resulted in significant reformation in the way of operation for domestic investment bank. In the future competition for IPO market amon...Recently, IPO (Initial Public Offering)has seen great change in China. This shift resulted in significant reformation in the way of operation for domestic investment bank. In the future competition for IPO market among investment banks, the refined pricing ability will stand for the winner as prerequisite. As a kind of discussion on IPO pricing, this paper begins with how the reasonable IPO price is being worked out from three layers: the evaluation of stocks, the equilibrium of price and the formation of the final price. On this basis, we summarize and analyze the process of the reform of domestic IPO. Finally, we give some suggestions on this problem for further reform. Key words IPO pricing - reform - market environment展开更多
During the 8th Five-Year Plan period, an average annual growth rate of 24% was achieved by China auto industry, which is in line with that of the gross industrial output val-ue all over China, and is higher than that ...During the 8th Five-Year Plan period, an average annual growth rate of 24% was achieved by China auto industry, which is in line with that of the gross industrial output val-ue all over China, and is higher than that of the GNP. It can be said that the auto industry ex-perienced a high speed increase in this period, but from the last two years of this period to now, an obvious slowdown in terms of展开更多
With the approach of the 21st century,the Asia-Pacific Region where Chinais situated is becoming a new growthpoint of the world economy.The developmentof China’s economy will surely bring vitalityto the further prosp...With the approach of the 21st century,the Asia-Pacific Region where Chinais situated is becoming a new growthpoint of the world economy.The developmentof China’s economy will surely bring vitalityto the further prosperity of Asia-Pacific Regionand the overall development of the worldeconomy.With the daily deepening of therestructuring of China’s circulation systemand the increasing attractive investmentenvironment for foreign businessmen,China,with its 1.2 billion people,has become a largeworld market,that is highly competitive.展开更多
With the approach of the 21st century, the Asia-Pacific Region where China is situated is becoming a new growth point of the world economy. The development of China’s economy will surely bring vitality to the further...With the approach of the 21st century, the Asia-Pacific Region where China is situated is becoming a new growth point of the world economy. The development of China’s economy will surely bring vitality to the further prosperity of Asia-Pacific Region and the overall development of the world economy. With the daily deepening展开更多
The charactedstics and contents of tourist marketing environment are analyzed logically.The microenvironment and macro-environment of tourist marketing is also expounded. It is held thatsustainable development of tour...The charactedstics and contents of tourist marketing environment are analyzed logically.The microenvironment and macro-environment of tourist marketing is also expounded. It is held thatsustainable development of tourist marketing envirment decides the effect of tourist marketing.The trending balances and coordinated development of macro-environment and microenvironment intourist marketing is the foundation of the tourist-marketing environment展开更多
Enterprise is economic cell of society. Enterprise marketing activities are conducted under certain social conditions, which have countless ties with all aspects of society. In order to achieve the established marketi...Enterprise is economic cell of society. Enterprise marketing activities are conducted under certain social conditions, which have countless ties with all aspects of society. In order to achieve the established marketing objectives, firms must carefully analyze and research marketing environment and strive to make company＇ s marketing plan and decisions adapt to the changing market environment, avoiding and overcoming the risks of environment changes, in the end to ensure an invincible position in the fierce market competition and constantly changing environment.展开更多
It was the first time that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),which was founded in 1988,regarded climate change as a significant international political problem(O'Brien and Williams 2007).Over the...It was the first time that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),which was founded in 1988,regarded climate change as a significant international political problem(O'Brien and Williams 2007).Over the next decades,environmentalist and policy makers have been applying many efficient ways to solve various environmental problems and have gained achievements.With the support of successful cases,this paper will focus on the market-based solutions and discuss its advantages compared with the conventional approach.展开更多
The aim of this survey?was to identify the active ingredients of phytosanitary products generally used in the market-gardening, to evaluate the behavior of market gardeners, environmental and sanitary risks link to th...The aim of this survey?was to identify the active ingredients of phytosanitary products generally used in the market-gardening, to evaluate the behavior of market gardeners, environmental and sanitary risks link to the use of phytosanitary products. Results revealed that 8 actives ingredients are regularly used: paraquat, atrazine, glyphosate, chlorpyrifos-éthyl, cypermethrin, maneb, mancozeb and diuron. The contamination of running water and rivers is caused by the fact that 81.25% of them are washing their pulverization equipments in these last ones. Moreover, 72.90% release empty packages of pesticides in the farm which will be carried away by running water. 59.09% adopt the overdose strategy in case of insufficient treatment. The inadequate equipment of protection and the consumption of surrounding water by 51.10% represent a danger for the health of market gardeners. Thus, headache and stomachache are the most recorded intoxications.展开更多
The vigorous development of social system has promoted the progress of the whole industry. It is necessary to make more reasonable arrangement of social resources through the allocation of the market. Under the market...The vigorous development of social system has promoted the progress of the whole industry. It is necessary to make more reasonable arrangement of social resources through the allocation of the market. Under the market economy environment, enterprises and personnel cooperate with each other and achieve the goal of exchanging goods and services, which makes the cost management effect of construction economy under the market economy environment more excellent, can guarantee the steady development of construction engineering, maximize economic benefits, and can promote the stable operation of construction industry. On this basis, in-depth discussion of the construction economic cost management under the market economy environment is beneficial to understanding the actual situation of the construction industry, helping construction enterprises to have a more profound understanding of their own development characteristics, so that they can occupy a more advantageous position in the future market competition, and can timely discover various deficiencies existing in the enterprise development process, and scientifically and reasonably solve these problems. Therefore, construction enterprises are required to truly pay attention to the effective management of construction economic cost.展开更多
[Objective]The study aimed to discuss the marketization of rural environmental protection in China.[Method] We firstly analyzed the inevitability of rural environmental protection take the marketization road in China,...[Objective]The study aimed to discuss the marketization of rural environmental protection in China.[Method] We firstly analyzed the inevitability of rural environmental protection take the marketization road in China,then put forward some effective ways to make rural environmental protection take the marketization road.[Result]In order to protect the rural environment of China better,it is inevitable to take the marketization road.In addition,strengthening legal construction,formulating and implementing policies about encouraging the diversified investment on rural environmental protection,establishing effective property right system,bringing township enterprises’ main force into full play in environmental protection,encouraging the public to supervise and join into environmental protection,developing and encouraging the persons with environmental-economic and environmental-legal knowledge to work in the countryside,etc.,are all effective measures.[Conclusion]The research could provide theoretical references for rural environmental protection in China.展开更多
Due to increasingly extreme climatic conditions in the Sahel, irrigated crops are emerging as imperative innovations for agricultural transformation and resilience. This study is designed to assess the impact of marke...Due to increasingly extreme climatic conditions in the Sahel, irrigated crops are emerging as imperative innovations for agricultural transformation and resilience. This study is designed to assess the impact of market gardening on soil, water and plant cover in the western Niger Republic. Semi-structured survey data were collected from 78 site operators in the Imanan rural municipality (Filingué, Tillabéry). In addition to the survey, a photographic collection illustrated certain observable facts in the field. The survey shows that the wooden enclosures (70.65% of respondents) around the fields are renewed every year. The impacts are then substantial: deforestation of plateaus, clearing of valleys for new extensions, loss of wildlife habitat, changes in the water flow regime resulting from a geomorphological change in the commune. Itou, the preparation of the planks consumes a lot of water. Thus, the new sinking of water points and the load pressure increase the drawdowns of wells and boreholes in the sites (75.46% of respondents). The frequent spills of waste oil on the sites, as well as the numerous potato storage pits, are among the factors and vectors most likely to contaminate the soils and aquifers of the study area. Market gardening destabilizes the soils and induces regressive erosion as well as area runoff of rainwater on all sites and on the slopes. On the other hand, slash-and-burn practices, drying of branches intended for fences, as well as rain-fed cowpea crops, promote improved physical properties and soil fertilization. To reduce the risks of disintegration and especially of silting up of sites, the study suggests a policy of live hedges and wire fences so that common spaces can be imposed on operators.展开更多
The selection of policy instruments involves policy efficiency and policy effect.Effective settlement of eco-environment problems in the process of industrialization and implementation of active eco-environment protec...The selection of policy instruments involves policy efficiency and policy effect.Effective settlement of eco-environment problems in the process of industrialization and implementation of active eco-environment protection depend on the innovation of policy instruments.In this paper,based on a descriptive analysis of the policy instruments for ecoenvironmental protection of our country,combined with the theoretical analysis and the empirical research on current marketization of eco-environmental protection,the authors indicate that eco-environmental problems originate fi'om the damage of eco-environment and the extemalities of eco-service,and that the market-based policy instruments which are helpful to balance the relationship between fight,responsibility and interest in the eco-service are effective measures to eliminate externalities and protect eco-environment.展开更多
This paper develops a moderated mediation model in which the interactive effects of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance are mediated by the core capabilities(operating capabilities and mar...This paper develops a moderated mediation model in which the interactive effects of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance are mediated by the core capabilities(operating capabilities and marketing capabilities)in food supply chain context, by invoking the indirect view of organizational learning theory. Our hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression and bootstrapping methods with a sample of 216 food manufacturing firms in China, and a survey-based, two-informant design was used to collect data. The results revealed that operating and marketing capabilities fully mediate the food traceability-performance link. In addition, environmental dynamism positively moderates the food traceability-core capabilities link. Moreover, it is found that operating and marketing capabilities transform the interactive impacts of environmental dynamism and food traceability into firm performance. Our study offers a fine-grained picture of the essential food traceability-performance link by revealing for the first time that there is an interactive impacts of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance via core capabilities.展开更多
Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control...Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control types,based on the provincial-level data of 30 provinces( cities and regions) in China from 2004 to 2016,the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading and its transmission paths are empirically tested through an intermediary effect model. Technological innovation,FDI and capital market development all meet intermediary conditions,and the market incentive type is more dependent on technological innovation,while the command control type is more dependent on FDI and capital market development.The impact of the two environmental regulation tools on industrial upgrading is further studied. The results show that there is an " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the command control type and industrial upgrading,while there is a " U-shaped" relationship between the market incentive type and industrial upgrading,and there are also certain regional differences in the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading.展开更多
Based on the overview and characteristics of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City,green marketing status of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City is introduced from the a...Based on the overview and characteristics of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City,green marketing status of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City is introduced from the aspects of product strategy,pricing strategy,distribution strategy and promotion strategy.Problems in the green marketing of agricultural products processing enterprise are analyzed,such as the obvious contradiction between the processing demand and the raw materials,low level of comprehensive utilization of resources,no common demand for green consumption in Yinchuan City,weak strength of enterprise and no concept of green marketing,poor macro-control and insufficient input,neglecting the environmental production of materials during marketing,and insufficient input of enterprises in professional marketing personnel.In order to improve the green marketing ability of enterprises and the development of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City,the following countermeasures are put forward:green marketing strategy(mainly including cultivating the green marketing strategy for enterprises,gathering of green information,and strengthening the marketing strategy of target market)and green marketing policy(mainly including green products policy,green price policy,green channel policy and green promotion policy).展开更多
文摘Recently, IPO (Initial Public Offering)has seen great change in China. This shift resulted in significant reformation in the way of operation for domestic investment bank. In the future competition for IPO market among investment banks, the refined pricing ability will stand for the winner as prerequisite. As a kind of discussion on IPO pricing, this paper begins with how the reasonable IPO price is being worked out from three layers: the evaluation of stocks, the equilibrium of price and the formation of the final price. On this basis, we summarize and analyze the process of the reform of domestic IPO. Finally, we give some suggestions on this problem for further reform. Key words IPO pricing - reform - market environment
文摘During the 8th Five-Year Plan period, an average annual growth rate of 24% was achieved by China auto industry, which is in line with that of the gross industrial output val-ue all over China, and is higher than that of the GNP. It can be said that the auto industry ex-perienced a high speed increase in this period, but from the last two years of this period to now, an obvious slowdown in terms of
文摘With the approach of the 21st century,the Asia-Pacific Region where Chinais situated is becoming a new growthpoint of the world economy.The developmentof China’s economy will surely bring vitalityto the further prosperity of Asia-Pacific Regionand the overall development of the worldeconomy.With the daily deepening of therestructuring of China’s circulation systemand the increasing attractive investmentenvironment for foreign businessmen,China,with its 1.2 billion people,has become a largeworld market,that is highly competitive.
文摘With the approach of the 21st century, the Asia-Pacific Region where China is situated is becoming a new growth point of the world economy. The development of China’s economy will surely bring vitality to the further prosperity of Asia-Pacific Region and the overall development of the world economy. With the daily deepening
文摘The charactedstics and contents of tourist marketing environment are analyzed logically.The microenvironment and macro-environment of tourist marketing is also expounded. It is held thatsustainable development of tourist marketing envirment decides the effect of tourist marketing.The trending balances and coordinated development of macro-environment and microenvironment intourist marketing is the foundation of the tourist-marketing environment
文摘Enterprise is economic cell of society. Enterprise marketing activities are conducted under certain social conditions, which have countless ties with all aspects of society. In order to achieve the established marketing objectives, firms must carefully analyze and research marketing environment and strive to make company＇ s marketing plan and decisions adapt to the changing market environment, avoiding and overcoming the risks of environment changes, in the end to ensure an invincible position in the fierce market competition and constantly changing environment.
文摘It was the first time that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC),which was founded in 1988,regarded climate change as a significant international political problem(O'Brien and Williams 2007).Over the next decades,environmentalist and policy makers have been applying many efficient ways to solve various environmental problems and have gained achievements.With the support of successful cases,this paper will focus on the market-based solutions and discuss its advantages compared with the conventional approach.
文摘The aim of this survey?was to identify the active ingredients of phytosanitary products generally used in the market-gardening, to evaluate the behavior of market gardeners, environmental and sanitary risks link to the use of phytosanitary products. Results revealed that 8 actives ingredients are regularly used: paraquat, atrazine, glyphosate, chlorpyrifos-éthyl, cypermethrin, maneb, mancozeb and diuron. The contamination of running water and rivers is caused by the fact that 81.25% of them are washing their pulverization equipments in these last ones. Moreover, 72.90% release empty packages of pesticides in the farm which will be carried away by running water. 59.09% adopt the overdose strategy in case of insufficient treatment. The inadequate equipment of protection and the consumption of surrounding water by 51.10% represent a danger for the health of market gardeners. Thus, headache and stomachache are the most recorded intoxications.
文摘The vigorous development of social system has promoted the progress of the whole industry. It is necessary to make more reasonable arrangement of social resources through the allocation of the market. Under the market economy environment, enterprises and personnel cooperate with each other and achieve the goal of exchanging goods and services, which makes the cost management effect of construction economy under the market economy environment more excellent, can guarantee the steady development of construction engineering, maximize economic benefits, and can promote the stable operation of construction industry. On this basis, in-depth discussion of the construction economic cost management under the market economy environment is beneficial to understanding the actual situation of the construction industry, helping construction enterprises to have a more profound understanding of their own development characteristics, so that they can occupy a more advantageous position in the future market competition, and can timely discover various deficiencies existing in the enterprise development process, and scientifically and reasonably solve these problems. Therefore, construction enterprises are required to truly pay attention to the effective management of construction economic cost.
基金Supported by the Twelfth Five-Year Plan about Educational Science of Jiangxi Province,China (10YB335)Science Foundation for Youths of Educational Commission of Jiangxi Province,China (GJJ09599)
文摘[Objective]The study aimed to discuss the marketization of rural environmental protection in China.[Method] We firstly analyzed the inevitability of rural environmental protection take the marketization road in China,then put forward some effective ways to make rural environmental protection take the marketization road.[Result]In order to protect the rural environment of China better,it is inevitable to take the marketization road.In addition,strengthening legal construction,formulating and implementing policies about encouraging the diversified investment on rural environmental protection,establishing effective property right system,bringing township enterprises’ main force into full play in environmental protection,encouraging the public to supervise and join into environmental protection,developing and encouraging the persons with environmental-economic and environmental-legal knowledge to work in the countryside,etc.,are all effective measures.[Conclusion]The research could provide theoretical references for rural environmental protection in China.
文摘Due to increasingly extreme climatic conditions in the Sahel, irrigated crops are emerging as imperative innovations for agricultural transformation and resilience. This study is designed to assess the impact of market gardening on soil, water and plant cover in the western Niger Republic. Semi-structured survey data were collected from 78 site operators in the Imanan rural municipality (Filingué, Tillabéry). In addition to the survey, a photographic collection illustrated certain observable facts in the field. The survey shows that the wooden enclosures (70.65% of respondents) around the fields are renewed every year. The impacts are then substantial: deforestation of plateaus, clearing of valleys for new extensions, loss of wildlife habitat, changes in the water flow regime resulting from a geomorphological change in the commune. Itou, the preparation of the planks consumes a lot of water. Thus, the new sinking of water points and the load pressure increase the drawdowns of wells and boreholes in the sites (75.46% of respondents). The frequent spills of waste oil on the sites, as well as the numerous potato storage pits, are among the factors and vectors most likely to contaminate the soils and aquifers of the study area. Market gardening destabilizes the soils and induces regressive erosion as well as area runoff of rainwater on all sites and on the slopes. On the other hand, slash-and-burn practices, drying of branches intended for fences, as well as rain-fed cowpea crops, promote improved physical properties and soil fertilization. To reduce the risks of disintegration and especially of silting up of sites, the study suggests a policy of live hedges and wire fences so that common spaces can be imposed on operators.
基金Gradual Achievement of the Planning Project funded by the Ministry of Education "Research on Market-based Policy Instruments for Ecological Compensation"(Grant No.11YJA630110)
文摘The selection of policy instruments involves policy efficiency and policy effect.Effective settlement of eco-environment problems in the process of industrialization and implementation of active eco-environment protection depend on the innovation of policy instruments.In this paper,based on a descriptive analysis of the policy instruments for ecoenvironmental protection of our country,combined with the theoretical analysis and the empirical research on current marketization of eco-environmental protection,the authors indicate that eco-environmental problems originate fi'om the damage of eco-environment and the extemalities of eco-service,and that the market-based policy instruments which are helpful to balance the relationship between fight,responsibility and interest in the eco-service are effective measures to eliminate externalities and protect eco-environment.
基金supported by the research grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71803183)the Financial Funds of Ministry of Agriculture (051821301112421010)
文摘This paper develops a moderated mediation model in which the interactive effects of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance are mediated by the core capabilities(operating capabilities and marketing capabilities)in food supply chain context, by invoking the indirect view of organizational learning theory. Our hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression and bootstrapping methods with a sample of 216 food manufacturing firms in China, and a survey-based, two-informant design was used to collect data. The results revealed that operating and marketing capabilities fully mediate the food traceability-performance link. In addition, environmental dynamism positively moderates the food traceability-core capabilities link. Moreover, it is found that operating and marketing capabilities transform the interactive impacts of environmental dynamism and food traceability into firm performance. Our study offers a fine-grained picture of the essential food traceability-performance link by revealing for the first time that there is an interactive impacts of food traceability and environmental dynamism on firm performance via core capabilities.
文摘Environmental regulation and industrial upgrading are the key to achieve win-win results for both economy and the environment. After environmental regulation tools are divided into market incentive and command control types,based on the provincial-level data of 30 provinces( cities and regions) in China from 2004 to 2016,the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading and its transmission paths are empirically tested through an intermediary effect model. Technological innovation,FDI and capital market development all meet intermediary conditions,and the market incentive type is more dependent on technological innovation,while the command control type is more dependent on FDI and capital market development.The impact of the two environmental regulation tools on industrial upgrading is further studied. The results show that there is an " inverted U-shaped" relationship between the command control type and industrial upgrading,while there is a " U-shaped" relationship between the market incentive type and industrial upgrading,and there are also certain regional differences in the impact of environmental regulation on industrial upgrading.
基金Supported by the Science Research Foundation of Ningxia University((E)NDSK09-36)
文摘Based on the overview and characteristics of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City,green marketing status of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City is introduced from the aspects of product strategy,pricing strategy,distribution strategy and promotion strategy.Problems in the green marketing of agricultural products processing enterprise are analyzed,such as the obvious contradiction between the processing demand and the raw materials,low level of comprehensive utilization of resources,no common demand for green consumption in Yinchuan City,weak strength of enterprise and no concept of green marketing,poor macro-control and insufficient input,neglecting the environmental production of materials during marketing,and insufficient input of enterprises in professional marketing personnel.In order to improve the green marketing ability of enterprises and the development of agricultural products processing enterprise in Yinchuan City,the following countermeasures are put forward:green marketing strategy(mainly including cultivating the green marketing strategy for enterprises,gathering of green information,and strengthening the marketing strategy of target market)and green marketing policy(mainly including green products policy,green price policy,green channel policy and green promotion policy).
