Based on SPOT-5 images, 1：1 million topographic maps, the maps of the returning farmland to forest project and the Chongqing forest project, social and economic statistics, etc., this paper identifies the features an...Based on SPOT-5 images, 1：1 million topographic maps, the maps of the returning farmland to forest project and the Chongqing forest project, social and economic statistics, etc., this paper identifies the features and factors influencing farmland marginalization. The results showed： （1） During 2002-2012, the rate of farmland marginalization was 16.18%, which was mainly found in the high areas of northern Qiyao mountains and the medium-altitude areas of southern Qiyao mountains. And this farmland marginalization will increase, associated with non-agriculturalization of rural labourers and aging of the remaining labourers. （2） Elevation, distance radius from villages and road connections had a great in- fluence on farmland marginalization. Farmland marginalization rates showed an increasing trend with the increase of elevation, and 60.88% of the total farmland marginalization area is found at an altitude greater than 1000 m above sea level. The marginalization trend also increases with slope and distance from the distribution network. （3） Farmland area per labourer and the average age of farm labourers were major factors driving farmland marginalization. Farmland transfer and small agricultural machinery sets affect farmland marginalization with respect to management and productivity efficiency. （4） Farmland with ＂comparative-disadvantage-dominated marginalization＂ accounted for 55.32% of the total farmland marginalization area, followed by ＂location-dominated marginalization＂ （33.80%）. （5） According to the specifics of each real situation, different policies are suggested to mitigate the margin- alization. A ＂continuous marginalization＂ policy will encourage the return of farmland to forest in ＂terrain-dominated marginalization＂. An ＂anti-marginalization＂ policy is suggested to create new rural accommodation and improve the rural road system to counteract ＂terrain-dominated marginalization＂. And another ＂anti-marginalization＂ policy is planned to improve management and micro-mechanization for ＂comparative-disadvantage-dominated marginalization＂. A new idea was developed to integrate high resolution remote sensing and statistical data with survey information to identify land marginalization and its driving forces in mountainous areas.展开更多
Farmland marginalization has become the main trend of land-use change in the mountainous areas of China. Using annual survey data of major agricultural production costs and earnings at national and provincial levels i...Farmland marginalization has become the main trend of land-use change in the mountainous areas of China. Using annual survey data of major agricultural production costs and earnings at national and provincial levels in China, this study aims to analyze the reasons and mechanism behind farmland marginalization in mountainous areas. We find that farmers on plains are able to reduce their per mu labor input effectively through intensive use of agricultural machinery, which has minimized the impact of the increase in labor price. However, it is extremely challenging for farmers in mountainous areas to use the same method owing to the rough terrain. Thus, per laborer farming area in these areas has increased relatively slowly, causing a widening gap in agricultural labor productivity between the two regions. With the rapid rise in labor costs since 2003, the marginalization of cultivated land in mountainous areas is evident. In 2013, the net profit of agricultural production in mountainous China fell below zero. Since 2000, the land-use and land-cover change in these areas was characterized by the reduction of farmland area, reforestation, and the enhancement of the NDVI value. The high correlation between the NDVI change rate and the ratio of change in farmland(r = –0.70) and forest(r = 0.91) in mountainous areas at provincial level further attests to the trend of farmland marginalization there. Finally, we summarize the mechanism of such marginalization against the backdrop of the rapid increase in the opportunity cost of farming and the rapid fall of agricultural labor forces in mountainous areas. This study contributes to a deep understanding of the development process of farmland marginalization and abandonment as well as forest transition in Chinese mountainous areas.展开更多
Based on the introduction of the connotation of marginalization,the index of diagnosing the marginalization degree is put forward.According to the 685 copies of questionnaires on peasant households in Tongcheng County...Based on the introduction of the connotation of marginalization,the index of diagnosing the marginalization degree is put forward.According to the 685 copies of questionnaires on peasant households in Tongcheng County of Hubei Province and the statistical data of local government,marginalization of arable land and its correlation with rural labor migration in Tongcheng County are studied by using aggregative indicator method,clustering analysis method and correlation analysis method.Result shows that marginalization of arable land has happened two times in Tongcheng County since 1985.Dry land has severer marginalization degree than paddy field.There is significant correlation between marginalization degree of arable land and rural labor migration;and the correlation between marginalization degree and rural labor migration in paddy field is greater than that in dry land.Marginalization of arable land will advance the rural labor migration,while in response to the poor current circulation of lands;the rural labor migration will further deepen the marginalization degree.Marginalization of arable land is one of the important factors affecting the labor migration in rural areas.展开更多
Ethnic sentiments are usually dictated by political and socio-economic factors and they derive from manipulation of minority interests and groups who are in the face of discrimination and marginalization jostle for at...Ethnic sentiments are usually dictated by political and socio-economic factors and they derive from manipulation of minority interests and groups who are in the face of discrimination and marginalization jostle for attention and relevance within a geopolitical setting in a society.Most often,such political situation which promotes domination by one group and socio-economic subordination of another,usually results in ethnic crisis which arises from,and also leads to serious suspicion,anger,civil unrest,and sometimes war.It is not in doubt,that in times of ethno-political crisis and war,women and children are the main victims as they account for an estimated 80%of refugees and displaced persons worldwide.It is in view of this that this paper examines the politics of ethnic conflicts and discusses some of its painful outcomes,such as marginalization and dehumanization of women and children.The essay uses J.P.Clark's The Wives Revolt(1991)and Ahmed Yerima's Little Drops(2009)for illustration to point out the importance of democratic principles and increased representation of woman in governance and advocating against discriminatory policies in respect of women and children.展开更多
Chinese American writer Celeste Ng has portrayed images of ＂marginal man＂ in her novel Everything I Never Told You. Centering the narration on the death of Lydia, with her own immigrant identity and cross-ethnical m...Chinese American writer Celeste Ng has portrayed images of ＂marginal man＂ in her novel Everything I Never Told You. Centering the narration on the death of Lydia, with her own immigrant identity and cross-ethnical marriage, Celeste Ng has penetrated into the marginal culture in American society 1970s, exposing characters＇ marginal condition caused by ethnical identity, gender and sexual orientation.展开更多
The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoh...The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoharjo. This study utilized ethnographic methods, a combination of methods including observation, in-depth interview, focus group and the unobtrusive method including collecting written information. The study showed that the decision of Solo city government which tended to privilege street vendors＇ interests resulted in the life chance of prostitution was deteriorated and marginalized. The city government has accommodated street vendors＇ demand to remove ,the organized prostitution community operating in Silir-Semanggi of Solo since 1960s as one of requirements for their relocation to this area, where the new built traditional market with more than one thousand kiosks was provided for street vendors. The procuresses＇ demand to obtain their rights of the land they occupied for more than 20 years on behalf of their legal ownership failed due to administrative, bureaucratic and legal obstacles. Prostitutes were inhumanly chased away by the city government apparatuses in collaboration with the police from the site of operation in 2006 and it resulted that the social and economic lives of procuresses and prostitutes got worse since their prostitution activities in this location were totally forbidden and unfinished. Both procuresses and prostitutes were marginalized because they did not have links to the powerful stakeholder who were able to protect their rights. Their health was in danger because the city government＇s concern to their activities was limited in particularly since 1998 when the location was formally closed by Solo mayor of the new order.展开更多
With migrant workers pouring out into cities together with their family,their problems become more and more prominent.By means of field study,the paper investigated the language problems and social problems of migrant...With migrant workers pouring out into cities together with their family,their problems become more and more prominent.By means of field study,the paper investigated the language problems and social problems of migrant workers,and confirmed the hypothesis that language problems cause migrant workers marginalized in the mainstream of the society.展开更多
The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is i...The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.展开更多
The design and construction of houses normally require an architect＇s input. However, architects are increasingly being marginalized in these projects, and their roles are constantly being invaded by others. Despite ...The design and construction of houses normally require an architect＇s input. However, architects are increasingly being marginalized in these projects, and their roles are constantly being invaded by others. Despite repeated institutional interventions toward remedying this phenomenon, signs are not abating. This article examines the complexity of this phenomenon to explain the inadequacy of institutional interventions to address the problem. This article conceptualizes the phenomenon of marginalization and role invasion as a super wicked problem with six key features. First, the problem has a difficult definition. Second, the solution involves a large structural and economic burden. Third, time is of the essence. Fourth, multiple stakeholders attempting to solve the problem are part of the cause. Fifth, institutional interventions addressing the issue are weak or ill-equipped. Sixth, institutional interventions discount the future irrationally. The implications of this conceptualization for institutional intervention and research are discussed.展开更多
Based on a set of high-resolution 3D seismic data from the northern continental margin of the South China Sea,the lithospheric structure,thinning mechanisms and related syn-rift tectonic deformation response processes...Based on a set of high-resolution 3D seismic data from the northern continental margin of the South China Sea,the lithospheric structure,thinning mechanisms and related syn-rift tectonic deformation response processes in the crustal necking zone in the deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin were systematically analyzed,and the petroleum geological significance was discussed.The necking zone investigated in the study is located in the Baiyun Sag and Kaiping Sag in the deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.These areas show extreme crustal thinned geometries of central thinning and flank thickening,characterized by multi-level and multi-dipping detachment fault systems.The necking zone exhibits pronounced lateral heterogeneity in structural architectures,which can be classified into four types of thinned crustal architectures,i.e.the wedge-shaped extremely thinned crustal architecture in the Baiyun Main Sub-sag,dumbbell-shaped moderately thinned crustal architecture in the Baiyun West Sub-sag,box-shaped weakly thinned crustal architecture in eastern Baiyun Sag,and metamorphic core complex weakly thinned crustal architecture in the Kaiping Sag.This shows great variations in the degree and style of crustal thinning,types of detachment faults,distribution of syn-rift sedimentary sequences,and intensity of magmatism.The thinning of the necking zone is controlled by the heterogeneous rheological stratification of lithosphere,intensity of mantle-derived magmatism,and deformation modes of detachment faults.The syn-rift tectonic deformation of the necking zone evolved through three phases,i.e.uniform stretching during the early Wenchang Formation deposition period,necking during the late Wenchang Formation deposition period,and hyperextension during the Enping Formation deposition period.The crustal thinning extent and architectural differentiation in these phases were primarily controlled by three distinct mechanisms,i.e.the pure shear deformation activation of pre-existing thrust faults,the simple shear deformation of crust-mantle and inter-crust detachment faults,and differential coupling of lower crustal flow and ductile domes with main detachment faults.The hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment in the necking zone exhibit marked spatial heterogeneity.Four distinct crustal thinned architecture-hydrocarbon accumulation models were identified in this study.The hydrocarbon accumulations in the shallow part exhibit significant correlations with their deep crustal thinned architectures.The unique lithospheric structure and deformation process predominantly control the favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones with excellent source-fault-ridge-sand configurations,which is critical to reservoir-forming.The most promising exploration targets are mainly identified on the uplift zones and their seaward-dipping flanks associated with the middle and lower crustal domes.This research provides additional insights into lithospheric thinning-breakup process at intermediate continental margins of marine sedimentary basins,being significant for guiding the deepwater petroleum exploration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.展开更多
Large-scale Danian-age(post-K/Pg boundary)Deccan magmatism is well known from the Mumbai metropolitan area,located in the structurally complex Panvel flexure zone along the western Indian rifted continental margin.Thi...Large-scale Danian-age(post-K/Pg boundary)Deccan magmatism is well known from the Mumbai metropolitan area,located in the structurally complex Panvel flexure zone along the western Indian rifted continental margin.This compositionally diverse late-Deccan magmatic suite contains subaerial tholeiitic lavas and dykes typical of the main Deccan province,with many features atypical of the Deccan,such as spilitic pillow lavas,“intertrappean”sediments(often containing considerable volcanic ash),rhyolitic lavas and tuffs,gabbro-granophyre intrusions,and trachyte intrusions containing alkali basalt enclaves.Most of these units,previously dated at 62.5 Ma to 61 Ma,are contemporaneous with or slightly postdate the 62.5 Ma India-Seychelles continental breakup and Panvel flexure formation.In the Dongri-Uttan area,two samples of a>50-m-thick,columnar-jointed rhyolite from the Darkhan Quarry and from a section behind the current Uttan Sagari Police Station have previously been dated at 62.6±0.6 Ma and 62.9±0.2 Ma(^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar,2r errors).New exposures reveal that these two statistically indistinguishable 40 Ar/39 Ar ages correspond to two distinct rhyolite units,separated by well-bedded silicic ash.The columnar rhyolites are microcrystalline,composed of quartz and alkali feldspar,with rare small(1–2 mm),altered feldspar phenocrysts,and no recognisable relict vitroclasts.Given the westerly structural dip,most of their lateral extent is submerged under the Arabian Sea,and we consider them to be possible flood rhyolite lavas.We interpret the ash beds,composed of pumice clasts and glass shards,as a low-grade(nonwelded)vitric ash,derived from a possibly distal Plinian eruption and deposited by fallout.The lavas and ash are peraluminous rhyolites.The lavas are Sr-Ba-poor and Rb-Zr-Nb-rich,and show“seagull-shaped”rare earth element patterns with deep negative europium anomalies.These crystal-poor lavas are“hot-dry-reduced”rhyolites typical of intraplate,continental rift and rifted margin settings.The very different high-field strength element contents of the lavas and the ash indicate compositionally distinct magma batches.The 62.5 Ma Dongri-Uttan sequence provides clear evidence for rapid silicic eruptions of effusive and explosive nature,alternating with each other and sourced from distinct magma chambers and eruptive vents.A newly identified,highly feldspar-phyric trachyte intrusion marks the last phase of magmatic activity in the area,corresponding with late-stage trachyte-syenite intrusions exposed in coastal western India and the Seychelles,and shows that the Mumbai rhyolites and trachytes form a compositional continuum.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is one of the most severe and life-threatening complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.We present four cases of gastrointestinal bleeding patients to clarify its appropriat...BACKGROUND Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is one of the most severe and life-threatening complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.We present four cases of gastrointestinal bleeding patients to clarify its appropriate treatment and prevention.CASE SUMMARY The main symptoms included black stool,hematochezia,haematemesis,blood in the nasogastric tube,and hemorrhagic shock.The mean age was 66.25 years old and the median onset time was 340 d after the surgery.The bleeding location comprised gastrointestinal anastomosis,bile duct-jejunum anastomosis,and extraluminal bleeding.The possible causes included marginal ulcer,jejunal varix,and abdominal infection.Endoscopic hemostatic clips,as well as a covered stent using angiography,were utilized to stop the bleeding and three patients survived.Only one patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding,abdominal bleeding,abdominal infection,hypovolemic shock,and disseminated intravascular coagulation.CONCLUSION Early and effective endoscopic intervention is the key to successful hemostasis in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy.展开更多
The Cambrian platform margin in the Tarim Basin boasts favorable source-reservoir-cap assemblages,making it a significant target for hydrocarbon exploration in ultra-to extra-deep facies-controlled for-mations.Of the ...The Cambrian platform margin in the Tarim Basin boasts favorable source-reservoir-cap assemblages,making it a significant target for hydrocarbon exploration in ultra-to extra-deep facies-controlled for-mations.Of the three major basins in western China,Tarim is the only basin with large-scale platform margin where no exploration breakthrough has been achieved yet.This study determines the vertical and lateral differential evolution of the platform margin(in the Manxi area hereafter referred to as the Cambrian Manxi platform margin)through fine-scale sequence stratigraphic division and a segmented analysis.The platform margin can be divided into the Yuqi,Tahe,Shunbei,and Gucheng segments,from north to south,based on the development of different ancient landforms and the evolutionary process of the platform.The Yuqi and Shunbei segments exhibit relatively low-elevation ancient landforms.Both segments were in a submarine buildup stage during the Early Cambrian,resulting in overall limited scales of their reservoirs.The Gucheng segment features the highest-elevation ancient landforms and accordingly limited accommodation spaces.As a result,the rapid lateral migration of high-energy facies zones leads to the development of large-scale reservoirs with only limited thicknesses.In contrast,the Tahe segment,exhibiting comparatively high-elevation ancient landforms,is identified as the most favorable segment for the formation of large-scale reservoirs.The cap rocks of the platform margin are dominated by back-reef dolomitic flats and tight carbonate rocks formed in transgressive periods.A comprehensive evaluation of source rocks,reservoirs,and cap rocks indicates that the Tahe segment boasts the optimal hydrocarbon accumulation conditions along the platform margin.In this segment,the Shayilike Formation transgressive deposits and the high-energy mound-shoal complexes along the platform margin of the Wusonggeer Formation constitute the optimal reservoir-cap rock assemblage,establishing this segment as the most promising target for hydrocarbon exploration in the platform margin.展开更多
The trace element selenium(Se)occurs naturally throughout the earth.Se deficiency has been linked to impaired breast health and other diseases in human and animals.Compared to severe Se deficiency,marginal dietary Se ...The trace element selenium(Se)occurs naturally throughout the earth.Se deficiency has been linked to impaired breast health and other diseases in human and animals.Compared to severe Se deficiency,marginal dietary Se deficiency accusers more frequently in low-Se regions.Therefore,to investigate the Se status and inflammatory response of the mammary gland under marginal dietary Se levels,an lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced mouse mastitis model was established.Mice were fed with moderate Se diet(0.087 mg•kg^(-1) Se),adequate Se diet(0.15 mg•kg^(-1) Se)or excessive Se diet(1.5 mg•kg^(-1) Se)for 60 days.Se status and inflammatory factors were investigated.Results showed that the Se status of mammary gland correlated with dietary Se levels.Marginal Se deficiency exacerbated mammary tissue histopathology;increased the mRNA level of inflammatory genes tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2);and enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in mammary gland tissues.Supplementation of Se in diet higher than recommended levels reduced the inflammatory reaction of mammary glands in LPS-induced mastitis model and provided a protective effect.展开更多
Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and severity of droughts and risk of tree death worldwide.Differences in leaf habit,plant size,and species diversity are associated with differences in the risk...Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and severity of droughts and risk of tree death worldwide.Differences in leaf habit,plant size,and species diversity are associated with differences in the risk of drought-induced mortality,but the relative contributions of these factors to the risk of mortality are unclear.In a study of the mortality of tree and shrub species during the extreme drought of 2019 in a savanna ecosystem in Southwest China,we assessed the relative contributions of evergreen and deciduous leaf habit,plant size,and species richness and diversity to the mortality of shrubs and trees after the 2019 extreme drought.The deciduous species had significantly lower hydraulic safety margins than the coexisting evergreen species,resulting in a higher mortality risk.Additionally,species and individuals with taller canopies tended to have deeper root systems,an advantage during extreme drought that reduced mortality risk.Notably,mortality risk was largely independent of stand species richness and diversity.Overall,leaf habit and plant height were better predictors of mortality risk than species richness and diversity.These novel insights provide a better understanding of the mechanisms driving drought-induced mortality in the ecosystems with a low canopy and weak interspecific and intraspecific competition for shared resources.Leaf habit and tree size should be incorporated into hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying drought-induced tree mortality.展开更多
Recently,Luolai Group released its Q12025 quarterly report.As a leading Chinese home textile enterprise listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2009,the company covers the research,design,production,and sales of home...Recently,Luolai Group released its Q12025 quarterly report.As a leading Chinese home textile enterprise listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2009,the company covers the research,design,production,and sales of home textile products,and has multiple brands covering different consumer markets.It has expanded its online and offline comprehensive multichannel sales system and is committed to creating a win-win home furnishings and textile industry ecosystem.展开更多
Compared to discrete continental marginal basins,the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and enrichment in transform continental marginal basins are poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysi...Compared to discrete continental marginal basins,the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and enrichment in transform continental marginal basins are poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the main source rocks,reservoirs,and vertical migration pathways within the Rovuma(RB)and Tanzania(TB)basins in East Africa utilizing drilling,logging,seismic,and geochemical data.The results indicate that the enhanced preservation conditions of the Lower Jurassic source rocks in the southwest could lead to the discovery of large natural gas fields in the southern TB and RB.The primary reservoir is a deep-water turbidite sandstone.Due to topographic differences,the expanse of the turbidite sandstones in the RB is significantly larger than those in Tanzania.The main vertical migration pathways are the western boundary fault zone of the Kerimbas Graben(WBFZ)and the Seagap fault zone(SFZ).In the RB,natural gas migrates vertically along the WBFZ and preferentially accumulates in the deep-water turbidite sandstones of the footwall under the control of the fluid potential.Conversely,in the southern TB,the deep natural gas first migrates upward along the SFZ,then moves along the shallow branch faults in the sandstones on both sides of the SFZ.展开更多
Magmatism at continental margins is of great significance in understanding the continental rifting.We present a twodimensional P-wave velocity model derived from an ocean bottom seismometer experiment,conducted across...Magmatism at continental margins is of great significance in understanding the continental rifting.We present a twodimensional P-wave velocity model derived from an ocean bottom seismometer experiment,conducted across the middle northern continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS).The detailed velocity structures reveal significant heterogeneities extending from the continental shelf to the continent-ocean transition zone.The crust exhibits its greatest thickness below the continental shelf,measuring~23 km and gradually thins to~13 km at the distal margin.Furthermore,a narrow and distinct continent-ocean transition with only 40-km width is revealed.We also observe a high-velocity layer within the transition zone,reaching thickness of up to 4 km,characterized by P-wave velocities ranging from 7.0 km/s to 7.6 km/s in the lower crust.Based on the syn-rift melt generation using decompression melting model,we ascertain that syn-rift magmatism cannot fully account for the observed thick high-velocity layer.By integrating findings from previous geophysical and geochemical studies presenting extensive volcanic edifice on the seafloor at the northern margin,as well as ocean-island-basalt-type magmaticsamples in the SCS area,we propose that post-rifting magmatism associated with the Hainan Plume may have influenced theformation of the high-velocity lower crust within the transition zone and the northern margin of the SCS can thus be recognizedas magma-poor type margin.展开更多
基金The NSFC-IIASA Major International Joint Research Project, No.41161140352 Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing, No.2010JJ0069 Science and Technology Great Special Project on Controlling and Fathering Water Pollution during the National 12th Five-year Plan, No.2012ZX07104-003
文摘Based on SPOT-5 images, 1：1 million topographic maps, the maps of the returning farmland to forest project and the Chongqing forest project, social and economic statistics, etc., this paper identifies the features and factors influencing farmland marginalization. The results showed： （1） During 2002-2012, the rate of farmland marginalization was 16.18%, which was mainly found in the high areas of northern Qiyao mountains and the medium-altitude areas of southern Qiyao mountains. And this farmland marginalization will increase, associated with non-agriculturalization of rural labourers and aging of the remaining labourers. （2） Elevation, distance radius from villages and road connections had a great in- fluence on farmland marginalization. Farmland marginalization rates showed an increasing trend with the increase of elevation, and 60.88% of the total farmland marginalization area is found at an altitude greater than 1000 m above sea level. The marginalization trend also increases with slope and distance from the distribution network. （3） Farmland area per labourer and the average age of farm labourers were major factors driving farmland marginalization. Farmland transfer and small agricultural machinery sets affect farmland marginalization with respect to management and productivity efficiency. （4） Farmland with ＂comparative-disadvantage-dominated marginalization＂ accounted for 55.32% of the total farmland marginalization area, followed by ＂location-dominated marginalization＂ （33.80%）. （5） According to the specifics of each real situation, different policies are suggested to mitigate the margin- alization. A ＂continuous marginalization＂ policy will encourage the return of farmland to forest in ＂terrain-dominated marginalization＂. An ＂anti-marginalization＂ policy is suggested to create new rural accommodation and improve the rural road system to counteract ＂terrain-dominated marginalization＂. And another ＂anti-marginalization＂ policy is planned to improve management and micro-mechanization for ＂comparative-disadvantage-dominated marginalization＂. A new idea was developed to integrate high resolution remote sensing and statistical data with survey information to identify land marginalization and its driving forces in mountainous areas.
基金GDAS'Project of Science and Technology Development,No.2018GDASCX-0903,No.2017GDASCX-0101,No.2018GDASCX-0101National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program),No.2015CB452706National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41801101,No.41161140352.
文摘Farmland marginalization has become the main trend of land-use change in the mountainous areas of China. Using annual survey data of major agricultural production costs and earnings at national and provincial levels in China, this study aims to analyze the reasons and mechanism behind farmland marginalization in mountainous areas. We find that farmers on plains are able to reduce their per mu labor input effectively through intensive use of agricultural machinery, which has minimized the impact of the increase in labor price. However, it is extremely challenging for farmers in mountainous areas to use the same method owing to the rough terrain. Thus, per laborer farming area in these areas has increased relatively slowly, causing a widening gap in agricultural labor productivity between the two regions. With the rapid rise in labor costs since 2003, the marginalization of cultivated land in mountainous areas is evident. In 2013, the net profit of agricultural production in mountainous China fell below zero. Since 2000, the land-use and land-cover change in these areas was characterized by the reduction of farmland area, reforestation, and the enhancement of the NDVI value. The high correlation between the NDVI change rate and the ratio of change in farmland(r = –0.70) and forest(r = 0.91) in mountainous areas at provincial level further attests to the trend of farmland marginalization there. Finally, we summarize the mechanism of such marginalization against the backdrop of the rapid increase in the opportunity cost of farming and the rapid fall of agricultural labor forces in mountainous areas. This study contributes to a deep understanding of the development process of farmland marginalization and abandonment as well as forest transition in Chinese mountainous areas.
基金Supported by the Project of Excellent Middle-aged People and Young People Team in Colleges and Universities of Hubei Province(T200708)the Humanity and Social Science Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(2009y149)
文摘Based on the introduction of the connotation of marginalization,the index of diagnosing the marginalization degree is put forward.According to the 685 copies of questionnaires on peasant households in Tongcheng County of Hubei Province and the statistical data of local government,marginalization of arable land and its correlation with rural labor migration in Tongcheng County are studied by using aggregative indicator method,clustering analysis method and correlation analysis method.Result shows that marginalization of arable land has happened two times in Tongcheng County since 1985.Dry land has severer marginalization degree than paddy field.There is significant correlation between marginalization degree of arable land and rural labor migration;and the correlation between marginalization degree and rural labor migration in paddy field is greater than that in dry land.Marginalization of arable land will advance the rural labor migration,while in response to the poor current circulation of lands;the rural labor migration will further deepen the marginalization degree.Marginalization of arable land is one of the important factors affecting the labor migration in rural areas.
文摘Ethnic sentiments are usually dictated by political and socio-economic factors and they derive from manipulation of minority interests and groups who are in the face of discrimination and marginalization jostle for attention and relevance within a geopolitical setting in a society.Most often,such political situation which promotes domination by one group and socio-economic subordination of another,usually results in ethnic crisis which arises from,and also leads to serious suspicion,anger,civil unrest,and sometimes war.It is not in doubt,that in times of ethno-political crisis and war,women and children are the main victims as they account for an estimated 80%of refugees and displaced persons worldwide.It is in view of this that this paper examines the politics of ethnic conflicts and discusses some of its painful outcomes,such as marginalization and dehumanization of women and children.The essay uses J.P.Clark's The Wives Revolt(1991)and Ahmed Yerima's Little Drops(2009)for illustration to point out the importance of democratic principles and increased representation of woman in governance and advocating against discriminatory policies in respect of women and children.
文摘Chinese American writer Celeste Ng has portrayed images of ＂marginal man＂ in her novel Everything I Never Told You. Centering the narration on the death of Lydia, with her own immigrant identity and cross-ethnical marriage, Celeste Ng has penetrated into the marginal culture in American society 1970s, exposing characters＇ marginal condition caused by ethnical identity, gender and sexual orientation.
文摘The city government of Solo has made a decision that street vendors operating in the city＇s Revolution Monument in Banjarsari Square for years must be relocated to the new built traditional market, called Pasar Notoharjo. This study utilized ethnographic methods, a combination of methods including observation, in-depth interview, focus group and the unobtrusive method including collecting written information. The study showed that the decision of Solo city government which tended to privilege street vendors＇ interests resulted in the life chance of prostitution was deteriorated and marginalized. The city government has accommodated street vendors＇ demand to remove ,the organized prostitution community operating in Silir-Semanggi of Solo since 1960s as one of requirements for their relocation to this area, where the new built traditional market with more than one thousand kiosks was provided for street vendors. The procuresses＇ demand to obtain their rights of the land they occupied for more than 20 years on behalf of their legal ownership failed due to administrative, bureaucratic and legal obstacles. Prostitutes were inhumanly chased away by the city government apparatuses in collaboration with the police from the site of operation in 2006 and it resulted that the social and economic lives of procuresses and prostitutes got worse since their prostitution activities in this location were totally forbidden and unfinished. Both procuresses and prostitutes were marginalized because they did not have links to the powerful stakeholder who were able to protect their rights. Their health was in danger because the city government＇s concern to their activities was limited in particularly since 1998 when the location was formally closed by Solo mayor of the new order.
文摘With migrant workers pouring out into cities together with their family,their problems become more and more prominent.By means of field study,the paper investigated the language problems and social problems of migrant workers,and confirmed the hypothesis that language problems cause migrant workers marginalized in the mainstream of the society.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82272955 and 22203057)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J011361).
文摘The presence of a positive deep surgical margin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC)significantly elevates the risk of local recurrence.Therefore,a prompt and precise intraoperative assessment of margin status is imperative to ensure thorough tumor resection.In this study,we integrate Raman imaging technology with an artificial intelligence(AI)generative model,proposing an innovative approach for intraoperative margin status diagnosis.This method utilizes Raman imaging to swiftly and non-invasively capture tissue Raman images,which are then transformed into hematoxylin-eosin(H&E)-stained histopathological images using an AI generative model for histopathological diagnosis.The generated H&E-stained images clearly illustrate the tissue’s pathological conditions.Independently reviewed by three pathologists,the overall diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between tumor tissue and normal muscle tissue reaches 86.7%.Notably,it outperforms current clinical practices,especially in TSCC with positive lymph node metastasis or moderately differentiated grades.This advancement highlights the potential of AI-enhanced Raman imaging to significantly improve intraoperative assessments and surgical margin evaluations,promising a versatile diagnostic tool beyond TSCC.
文摘The design and construction of houses normally require an architect＇s input. However, architects are increasingly being marginalized in these projects, and their roles are constantly being invaded by others. Despite repeated institutional interventions toward remedying this phenomenon, signs are not abating. This article examines the complexity of this phenomenon to explain the inadequacy of institutional interventions to address the problem. This article conceptualizes the phenomenon of marginalization and role invasion as a super wicked problem with six key features. First, the problem has a difficult definition. Second, the solution involves a large structural and economic burden. Third, time is of the essence. Fourth, multiple stakeholders attempting to solve the problem are part of the cause. Fifth, institutional interventions addressing the issue are weak or ill-equipped. Sixth, institutional interventions discount the future irrationally. The implications of this conceptualization for institutional intervention and research are discussed.
基金Supported by the Prospective Basic Research Project of CNOOC China Limited(KJQZ-2023-2001)Major Science and Technology Project of CNOOC(KJGG2022-0103-03).
文摘Based on a set of high-resolution 3D seismic data from the northern continental margin of the South China Sea,the lithospheric structure,thinning mechanisms and related syn-rift tectonic deformation response processes in the crustal necking zone in the deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin were systematically analyzed,and the petroleum geological significance was discussed.The necking zone investigated in the study is located in the Baiyun Sag and Kaiping Sag in the deepwater area of the Pearl River Mouth Basin.These areas show extreme crustal thinned geometries of central thinning and flank thickening,characterized by multi-level and multi-dipping detachment fault systems.The necking zone exhibits pronounced lateral heterogeneity in structural architectures,which can be classified into four types of thinned crustal architectures,i.e.the wedge-shaped extremely thinned crustal architecture in the Baiyun Main Sub-sag,dumbbell-shaped moderately thinned crustal architecture in the Baiyun West Sub-sag,box-shaped weakly thinned crustal architecture in eastern Baiyun Sag,and metamorphic core complex weakly thinned crustal architecture in the Kaiping Sag.This shows great variations in the degree and style of crustal thinning,types of detachment faults,distribution of syn-rift sedimentary sequences,and intensity of magmatism.The thinning of the necking zone is controlled by the heterogeneous rheological stratification of lithosphere,intensity of mantle-derived magmatism,and deformation modes of detachment faults.The syn-rift tectonic deformation of the necking zone evolved through three phases,i.e.uniform stretching during the early Wenchang Formation deposition period,necking during the late Wenchang Formation deposition period,and hyperextension during the Enping Formation deposition period.The crustal thinning extent and architectural differentiation in these phases were primarily controlled by three distinct mechanisms,i.e.the pure shear deformation activation of pre-existing thrust faults,the simple shear deformation of crust-mantle and inter-crust detachment faults,and differential coupling of lower crustal flow and ductile domes with main detachment faults.The hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment in the necking zone exhibit marked spatial heterogeneity.Four distinct crustal thinned architecture-hydrocarbon accumulation models were identified in this study.The hydrocarbon accumulations in the shallow part exhibit significant correlations with their deep crustal thinned architectures.The unique lithospheric structure and deformation process predominantly control the favorable hydrocarbon accumulation zones with excellent source-fault-ridge-sand configurations,which is critical to reservoir-forming.The most promising exploration targets are mainly identified on the uplift zones and their seaward-dipping flanks associated with the middle and lower crustal domes.This research provides additional insights into lithospheric thinning-breakup process at intermediate continental margins of marine sedimentary basins,being significant for guiding the deepwater petroleum exploration in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.
基金supported by the research award project RI/0220-10000618-001 to Sheth from the Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre(IRCC)IIT Bombay.Shekhar and Astha were supported by Prime Minister’s Research Fellowships(PMRF,File Nos.1303100 and 1303103,respectively)+4 种基金Naik was initially supported by an IIT Bombay Institute Post-Doctoral Fellowship(File No.HR-1(HRM-1)/Rect/33/2022/20003002)subsequently by a Goa State Research Foundation Post-doctoral Fellowship(File No.PDF2024003)We express our sincere gratitude to Prof.N.Prabhakar for kindly granting us access to the WD-XRF spectrometry facility(SIP ProjectWBS Code:IN/22-1111039E-01)the ICP-MS facility,and the SERB-funded EPMA National Facility(IRPHA Grant No.IR/S4/ESF-16/2009(G))in the Department of Earth Sciences,IIT Bombay.
文摘Large-scale Danian-age(post-K/Pg boundary)Deccan magmatism is well known from the Mumbai metropolitan area,located in the structurally complex Panvel flexure zone along the western Indian rifted continental margin.This compositionally diverse late-Deccan magmatic suite contains subaerial tholeiitic lavas and dykes typical of the main Deccan province,with many features atypical of the Deccan,such as spilitic pillow lavas,“intertrappean”sediments(often containing considerable volcanic ash),rhyolitic lavas and tuffs,gabbro-granophyre intrusions,and trachyte intrusions containing alkali basalt enclaves.Most of these units,previously dated at 62.5 Ma to 61 Ma,are contemporaneous with or slightly postdate the 62.5 Ma India-Seychelles continental breakup and Panvel flexure formation.In the Dongri-Uttan area,two samples of a>50-m-thick,columnar-jointed rhyolite from the Darkhan Quarry and from a section behind the current Uttan Sagari Police Station have previously been dated at 62.6±0.6 Ma and 62.9±0.2 Ma(^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar,2r errors).New exposures reveal that these two statistically indistinguishable 40 Ar/39 Ar ages correspond to two distinct rhyolite units,separated by well-bedded silicic ash.The columnar rhyolites are microcrystalline,composed of quartz and alkali feldspar,with rare small(1–2 mm),altered feldspar phenocrysts,and no recognisable relict vitroclasts.Given the westerly structural dip,most of their lateral extent is submerged under the Arabian Sea,and we consider them to be possible flood rhyolite lavas.We interpret the ash beds,composed of pumice clasts and glass shards,as a low-grade(nonwelded)vitric ash,derived from a possibly distal Plinian eruption and deposited by fallout.The lavas and ash are peraluminous rhyolites.The lavas are Sr-Ba-poor and Rb-Zr-Nb-rich,and show“seagull-shaped”rare earth element patterns with deep negative europium anomalies.These crystal-poor lavas are“hot-dry-reduced”rhyolites typical of intraplate,continental rift and rifted margin settings.The very different high-field strength element contents of the lavas and the ash indicate compositionally distinct magma batches.The 62.5 Ma Dongri-Uttan sequence provides clear evidence for rapid silicic eruptions of effusive and explosive nature,alternating with each other and sourced from distinct magma chambers and eruptive vents.A newly identified,highly feldspar-phyric trachyte intrusion marks the last phase of magmatic activity in the area,corresponding with late-stage trachyte-syenite intrusions exposed in coastal western India and the Seychelles,and shows that the Mumbai rhyolites and trachytes form a compositional continuum.
文摘BACKGROUND Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is one of the most severe and life-threatening complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.We present four cases of gastrointestinal bleeding patients to clarify its appropriate treatment and prevention.CASE SUMMARY The main symptoms included black stool,hematochezia,haematemesis,blood in the nasogastric tube,and hemorrhagic shock.The mean age was 66.25 years old and the median onset time was 340 d after the surgery.The bleeding location comprised gastrointestinal anastomosis,bile duct-jejunum anastomosis,and extraluminal bleeding.The possible causes included marginal ulcer,jejunal varix,and abdominal infection.Endoscopic hemostatic clips,as well as a covered stent using angiography,were utilized to stop the bleeding and three patients survived.Only one patient died of gastrointestinal bleeding,abdominal bleeding,abdominal infection,hypovolemic shock,and disseminated intravascular coagulation.CONCLUSION Early and effective endoscopic intervention is the key to successful hemostasis in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding after pancreatoduodenectomy.
基金funded by SINOPEC Science and Technology Research Program (project Nos:P24226, P24077)Northwest Oil Field Company,SINOPEC.
文摘The Cambrian platform margin in the Tarim Basin boasts favorable source-reservoir-cap assemblages,making it a significant target for hydrocarbon exploration in ultra-to extra-deep facies-controlled for-mations.Of the three major basins in western China,Tarim is the only basin with large-scale platform margin where no exploration breakthrough has been achieved yet.This study determines the vertical and lateral differential evolution of the platform margin(in the Manxi area hereafter referred to as the Cambrian Manxi platform margin)through fine-scale sequence stratigraphic division and a segmented analysis.The platform margin can be divided into the Yuqi,Tahe,Shunbei,and Gucheng segments,from north to south,based on the development of different ancient landforms and the evolutionary process of the platform.The Yuqi and Shunbei segments exhibit relatively low-elevation ancient landforms.Both segments were in a submarine buildup stage during the Early Cambrian,resulting in overall limited scales of their reservoirs.The Gucheng segment features the highest-elevation ancient landforms and accordingly limited accommodation spaces.As a result,the rapid lateral migration of high-energy facies zones leads to the development of large-scale reservoirs with only limited thicknesses.In contrast,the Tahe segment,exhibiting comparatively high-elevation ancient landforms,is identified as the most favorable segment for the formation of large-scale reservoirs.The cap rocks of the platform margin are dominated by back-reef dolomitic flats and tight carbonate rocks formed in transgressive periods.A comprehensive evaluation of source rocks,reservoirs,and cap rocks indicates that the Tahe segment boasts the optimal hydrocarbon accumulation conditions along the platform margin.In this segment,the Shayilike Formation transgressive deposits and the high-energy mound-shoal complexes along the platform margin of the Wusonggeer Formation constitute the optimal reservoir-cap rock assemblage,establishing this segment as the most promising target for hydrocarbon exploration in the platform margin.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Heilongjiang Province of China(C2016003)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M581415)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z15005)。
文摘The trace element selenium(Se)occurs naturally throughout the earth.Se deficiency has been linked to impaired breast health and other diseases in human and animals.Compared to severe Se deficiency,marginal dietary Se deficiency accusers more frequently in low-Se regions.Therefore,to investigate the Se status and inflammatory response of the mammary gland under marginal dietary Se levels,an lipopolysaccharide(LPS)induced mouse mastitis model was established.Mice were fed with moderate Se diet(0.087 mg•kg^(-1) Se),adequate Se diet(0.15 mg•kg^(-1) Se)or excessive Se diet(1.5 mg•kg^(-1) Se)for 60 days.Se status and inflammatory factors were investigated.Results showed that the Se status of mammary gland correlated with dietary Se levels.Marginal Se deficiency exacerbated mammary tissue histopathology;increased the mRNA level of inflammatory genes tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2);and enhanced the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in mammary gland tissues.Supplementation of Se in diet higher than recommended levels reduced the inflammatory reaction of mammary glands in LPS-induced mastitis model and provided a protective effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600479,32371576)the Key R&D Program of Yunnan Province(202403AC100028)+1 种基金the Youth Academic and Technical Leading Talent Reserve Program in Yunnan Province(202405AC350012)the 14th Five-Year Plans of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences(XTBG-1450101,E3ZKFF2B01).
文摘Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and severity of droughts and risk of tree death worldwide.Differences in leaf habit,plant size,and species diversity are associated with differences in the risk of drought-induced mortality,but the relative contributions of these factors to the risk of mortality are unclear.In a study of the mortality of tree and shrub species during the extreme drought of 2019 in a savanna ecosystem in Southwest China,we assessed the relative contributions of evergreen and deciduous leaf habit,plant size,and species richness and diversity to the mortality of shrubs and trees after the 2019 extreme drought.The deciduous species had significantly lower hydraulic safety margins than the coexisting evergreen species,resulting in a higher mortality risk.Additionally,species and individuals with taller canopies tended to have deeper root systems,an advantage during extreme drought that reduced mortality risk.Notably,mortality risk was largely independent of stand species richness and diversity.Overall,leaf habit and plant height were better predictors of mortality risk than species richness and diversity.These novel insights provide a better understanding of the mechanisms driving drought-induced mortality in the ecosystems with a low canopy and weak interspecific and intraspecific competition for shared resources.Leaf habit and tree size should be incorporated into hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying drought-induced tree mortality.
文摘Recently,Luolai Group released its Q12025 quarterly report.As a leading Chinese home textile enterprise listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange in 2009,the company covers the research,design,production,and sales of home textile products,and has multiple brands covering different consumer markets.It has expanded its online and offline comprehensive multichannel sales system and is committed to creating a win-win home furnishings and textile industry ecosystem.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42002150)the Open Foundation of Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas,Yangtze University(Ministry of Education&Hubei Province,Grant No.UOG2024-12)+1 种基金the Open Foundation Project of the Key Laboratory of Polar Geology and Marine Mineral Resources(China University of Geosciences,Beijing,China),Ministry of Education(Grant No.PGMR-2023-201)the National Key Research Program of China(Grant No.2017ZX05032-002)。
文摘Compared to discrete continental marginal basins,the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration and enrichment in transform continental marginal basins are poorly understood.In this study,we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the main source rocks,reservoirs,and vertical migration pathways within the Rovuma(RB)and Tanzania(TB)basins in East Africa utilizing drilling,logging,seismic,and geochemical data.The results indicate that the enhanced preservation conditions of the Lower Jurassic source rocks in the southwest could lead to the discovery of large natural gas fields in the southern TB and RB.The primary reservoir is a deep-water turbidite sandstone.Due to topographic differences,the expanse of the turbidite sandstones in the RB is significantly larger than those in Tanzania.The main vertical migration pathways are the western boundary fault zone of the Kerimbas Graben(WBFZ)and the Seagap fault zone(SFZ).In the RB,natural gas migrates vertically along the WBFZ and preferentially accumulates in the deep-water turbidite sandstones of the footwall under the control of the fluid potential.Conversely,in the southern TB,the deep natural gas first migrates upward along the SFZ,then moves along the shallow branch faults in the sandstones on both sides of the SFZ.
基金supported by the Guangdong Pearl River Talent Program(No.017TZ07Z066)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(No.2019QZKK0701)+4 种基金the Southern Marine Laboratory(Zhuhai)Innovative R&D Program(No.311021003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106067)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2022A1515010090)Shanghai Sheshan National Geophysical Observatory(No.SSOP202102)Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.202102020456).
文摘Magmatism at continental margins is of great significance in understanding the continental rifting.We present a twodimensional P-wave velocity model derived from an ocean bottom seismometer experiment,conducted across the middle northern continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS).The detailed velocity structures reveal significant heterogeneities extending from the continental shelf to the continent-ocean transition zone.The crust exhibits its greatest thickness below the continental shelf,measuring~23 km and gradually thins to~13 km at the distal margin.Furthermore,a narrow and distinct continent-ocean transition with only 40-km width is revealed.We also observe a high-velocity layer within the transition zone,reaching thickness of up to 4 km,characterized by P-wave velocities ranging from 7.0 km/s to 7.6 km/s in the lower crust.Based on the syn-rift melt generation using decompression melting model,we ascertain that syn-rift magmatism cannot fully account for the observed thick high-velocity layer.By integrating findings from previous geophysical and geochemical studies presenting extensive volcanic edifice on the seafloor at the northern margin,as well as ocean-island-basalt-type magmaticsamples in the SCS area,we propose that post-rifting magmatism associated with the Hainan Plume may have influenced theformation of the high-velocity lower crust within the transition zone and the northern margin of the SCS can thus be recognizedas magma-poor type margin.
