The GSSP for the base of the Santonian Stage is defined at 94.4 m in the eastern border of the“Cantera de Margas”quarry,Olazagutia(Navarra,N.Spain:42º52'05.3"N,2º11'40"W)and marked by the...The GSSP for the base of the Santonian Stage is defined at 94.4 m in the eastern border of the“Cantera de Margas”quarry,Olazagutia(Navarra,N.Spain:42º52'05.3"N,2º11'40"W)and marked by the first occurrence(FO)of the inoceramid bivalve Platyceramus undulatoplicatus.This first occurrence is located about 9 m below the contact between a lower marly unit and an upper more calcareous unit.The FO of the planktonic foraminifer Sigalia carpatica is the secondary marker of the GSSP and first occurs 7 m below the primary marker,but it becomes consistently present about 4.2 m above the boundary.In addition,six peaks in the carbon stable isotope curve can be recognized between the Kingsdown Event 17.2 m below and the Bedwell Event 12.35 m above the GSSP.The basal Santonian GSSP was approved by the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy in September 2010,by the International Commision of Stratigraphy in April 2012,and ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences in January 2013.展开更多
Lanzhou is one of the most aerosol-polluted cities in China. In this study, an online analyzer for Monitoring for AeRosols and GAses was deployed to measure major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM10 at 1-hour time re...Lanzhou is one of the most aerosol-polluted cities in China. In this study, an online analyzer for Monitoring for AeRosols and GAses was deployed to measure major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM10 at 1-hour time resolution, and 923 samples were obtained from Apr 1 to May 24, 2011. During the field campaign, air pollution days were encountered with Air Quality Index more than 100 and daily average concentration of PM10 exceeding 150 itg/m3. Based on the variation of water-soluble ions and results of Positive Matrix Factorization 3.0 model execution, the air pollution days were classified as crustal species- or secondary aerosol-induced, and the different formation mechanisms of these two air pollution types were studied. During the crustal species pollution days, the content of Ca2＋ increased and was about 2.3 times higher than the average on clear days, and the air parcel back trajectory was used to analyze the sources of crustal species. Data on sulfate, trace gases and meteorological factors were used to reveal the formation mechanism of secondary aerosol pollution. The sulfur oxidation ratio （SOR） was derived from the 923 samples, and the SOR had high positive correlation with relative humidity in early summer in Lanzhou.展开更多
文摘The GSSP for the base of the Santonian Stage is defined at 94.4 m in the eastern border of the“Cantera de Margas”quarry,Olazagutia(Navarra,N.Spain:42º52'05.3"N,2º11'40"W)and marked by the first occurrence(FO)of the inoceramid bivalve Platyceramus undulatoplicatus.This first occurrence is located about 9 m below the contact between a lower marly unit and an upper more calcareous unit.The FO of the planktonic foraminifer Sigalia carpatica is the secondary marker of the GSSP and first occurs 7 m below the primary marker,but it becomes consistently present about 4.2 m above the boundary.In addition,six peaks in the carbon stable isotope curve can be recognized between the Kingsdown Event 17.2 m below and the Bedwell Event 12.35 m above the GSSP.The basal Santonian GSSP was approved by the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy in September 2010,by the International Commision of Stratigraphy in April 2012,and ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences in January 2013.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20307005)the Technological Project of Gansu (No. 0804GKCA029)Gansu Province science and technology research funded projects (No. 2GS057-A52-001-02)
文摘Lanzhou is one of the most aerosol-polluted cities in China. In this study, an online analyzer for Monitoring for AeRosols and GAses was deployed to measure major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM10 at 1-hour time resolution, and 923 samples were obtained from Apr 1 to May 24, 2011. During the field campaign, air pollution days were encountered with Air Quality Index more than 100 and daily average concentration of PM10 exceeding 150 itg/m3. Based on the variation of water-soluble ions and results of Positive Matrix Factorization 3.0 model execution, the air pollution days were classified as crustal species- or secondary aerosol-induced, and the different formation mechanisms of these two air pollution types were studied. During the crustal species pollution days, the content of Ca2＋ increased and was about 2.3 times higher than the average on clear days, and the air parcel back trajectory was used to analyze the sources of crustal species. Data on sulfate, trace gases and meteorological factors were used to reveal the formation mechanism of secondary aerosol pollution. The sulfur oxidation ratio （SOR） was derived from the 923 samples, and the SOR had high positive correlation with relative humidity in early summer in Lanzhou.
