There are actually several solutions for two axis solar tracking systems using electromechanical devices, in which a controller detects the Sun apparent position, and controls the position of the structure supporting ...There are actually several solutions for two axis solar tracking systems using electromechanical devices, in which a controller detects the Sun apparent position, and controls the position of the structure supporting the panels toward the sun by enabling the engines movement. This work studies the solution of two axis solar tracking system based on solar maps, which can predict the exact apparent position of the Sun, by the latitude＇s location, thereby avoiding the need to use sensors or guidance systems. To accomplish this, it is used a low-power microcontroller, suitably programmed, to control two electric motors to ensure that the panels supporting structure is always oriented towards the sun.展开更多
Appropriate information on solar resources is very important for a variety of technological areas, such as agriculture, meteorology, forestry engineering, and water resources, particularly for an innovative technology...Appropriate information on solar resources is very important for a variety of technological areas, such as agriculture, meteorology, forestry engineering, and water resources, particularly for an innovative technology such as solar energy. In the market entry process of an innovative technology such as solar energy, the increased and sustained deployment of this energy technology strongly depends on the economy and reliability of the solar systems installed. The economy and reliability of a system are the consequences of a well-prepared project, resulting from an accurate knowledge of the solar resource available. Therefore, knowing the potential of the solar resource accurately is not only a need but also an imperative for the larger diffusion and use of the solar energy. The existing sources of the information on radiation in MG are quite varied, both at the institutional level and in different types of publications. The publications containing this information are project reports, internal reports of institutions, and several magazines. Thus, the quality of the data varies considerably, the information presents spatial and temporal discontinuity;moreover, the instruments and the measurement units are not standardised. The general objective of this paper is to recover, to qualify, to standardize, and to make available the best information from the current existing solar resource in MG, Brazil, either in the form of isoline charts of solar radiation or a numerical database. In this paper, the procedure to elaborate the maps of daily solar radiation and insolation, along with the monthly and annual averages, is described. We present one map with the localisation of the recording stations in addition to one annual and 12 monthly contour maps. The map of the daily global solar irradiation and the annual average determined in this project show that solar radiation on the state of Minas Gerais ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 kWh/m2. The maximum values occur in the northern region of Minas Gerais, and the minimum values occur in the southeast region, where there are areas of higher altitude (Mantiqueira and Serra do Caparaó) and the rainfall is more intense, with total annual rainfall greater than 1400 mm. The North and Northeast Regions of MG, where the largest annual irradiation of 6.5 kWh/m2 occurs, are characterised by a semiarid climate with annual rainfall between 600 - 800 mm and altitudes between 400 - 600 m. The maritime tropical air mass that acts between Brazil and Africa is the main climatic factor that inhibits cloud formation and, consequently, the rainfall in this region. Finally, the map of annual insolation reveals a consistent correlation between the daily rainfall and the solar radiation annual average.展开更多
This paper uses Abductive network to predict global solar radiation in any location in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia （KSA） based on sunshine duration, month number, latitude, longitude, and altitude of the location. R...This paper uses Abductive network to predict global solar radiation in any location in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia （KSA） based on sunshine duration, month number, latitude, longitude, and altitude of the location. Results indicate good agreement between measured and predicted GSR values for each of the 35 locations with known GSR values. Finally, the data from all available stations are used to train an abductive network to estimate the GSR values anywhere in the Kingdom based on latitude and longitude. GSR values are estimated using the developed method at 25 additional locations throughout the kingdom and used with the measured data from the 35 available measurement stations to draw a comprehensive contour map of GSR values for KSA.展开更多
This paper presents a method for estimating the solar capture capacity of dwell-ings using the central urban area of Concepción,Chile,as a case study in order to promote self-generation of energy by residents.The...This paper presents a method for estimating the solar capture capacity of dwell-ings using the central urban area of Concepción,Chile,as a case study in order to promote self-generation of energy by residents.The method takes into account the growing domestic energy demand and the possibility of meeting this demand through integrated solar energy collection into buildings using different systems.The methodology considers a study of the potential incoming solar radiation on buildings according to their geographical location and the surrounding buildings.The capacity for solar capture is then estimated for different dwelling types accord-ing to their morphology.Subsequently,the energy contribution provided by differ-ent technologies(solar thermal,photovoltaic and hybrid)is identified in relation to the main average energy demands for electricity,water and space heating.Finally,systems for each dwelling are recommended in an urban map available online.The development is based on climate information,cartography,aerial photo-graphs,surveys,housing models,technical standards,standardised calculations and dynamic simulations,implemented according to building layouts from an online Geographic Information System(GIS).The housing types are categorised in an urban map that relates household demands and the contribution of different solar energy systems.According to the estimates calculated,the residential units in the study offer sufficient solar capacity to supply between 40 and 60%of their energy consumption,especially in detached houses using roof-mounted hybrid systems.展开更多
Solar energy being one of the most inexpensive renewable energy sources,has shown to be a viable alternative to traditional fossil-fuel and wood-based electricity generation.For the purpose of creating a more trustwor...Solar energy being one of the most inexpensive renewable energy sources,has shown to be a viable alternative to traditional fossil-fuel and wood-based electricity generation.For the purpose of creating a more trustworthy and successful energy planning strategy,accurate projections of sun irradiation,solar energy generation,and revenues are crucial.Hence,in this work we have proposed webbased optimal prediction system that estimates solar radiation based on location and meteorological data using Machine Learning techniques.Furthermore,an interactive dashboard solar digital map has been developed that enables real-time investigation of solar energy consumption,production,solar radiation,and investment potential for a specific county in California.The model’s performance has been measured using Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Square Error(MSE),Mean Average Error(MAE),and Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)scores.Experimental results demonstrate that stacking model outperformed all the models with the lowest RMSE,MSE,and MAE.展开更多
文摘There are actually several solutions for two axis solar tracking systems using electromechanical devices, in which a controller detects the Sun apparent position, and controls the position of the structure supporting the panels toward the sun by enabling the engines movement. This work studies the solution of two axis solar tracking system based on solar maps, which can predict the exact apparent position of the Sun, by the latitude＇s location, thereby avoiding the need to use sensors or guidance systems. To accomplish this, it is used a low-power microcontroller, suitably programmed, to control two electric motors to ensure that the panels supporting structure is always oriented towards the sun.
文摘Appropriate information on solar resources is very important for a variety of technological areas, such as agriculture, meteorology, forestry engineering, and water resources, particularly for an innovative technology such as solar energy. In the market entry process of an innovative technology such as solar energy, the increased and sustained deployment of this energy technology strongly depends on the economy and reliability of the solar systems installed. The economy and reliability of a system are the consequences of a well-prepared project, resulting from an accurate knowledge of the solar resource available. Therefore, knowing the potential of the solar resource accurately is not only a need but also an imperative for the larger diffusion and use of the solar energy. The existing sources of the information on radiation in MG are quite varied, both at the institutional level and in different types of publications. The publications containing this information are project reports, internal reports of institutions, and several magazines. Thus, the quality of the data varies considerably, the information presents spatial and temporal discontinuity;moreover, the instruments and the measurement units are not standardised. The general objective of this paper is to recover, to qualify, to standardize, and to make available the best information from the current existing solar resource in MG, Brazil, either in the form of isoline charts of solar radiation or a numerical database. In this paper, the procedure to elaborate the maps of daily solar radiation and insolation, along with the monthly and annual averages, is described. We present one map with the localisation of the recording stations in addition to one annual and 12 monthly contour maps. The map of the daily global solar irradiation and the annual average determined in this project show that solar radiation on the state of Minas Gerais ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 kWh/m2. The maximum values occur in the northern region of Minas Gerais, and the minimum values occur in the southeast region, where there are areas of higher altitude (Mantiqueira and Serra do Caparaó) and the rainfall is more intense, with total annual rainfall greater than 1400 mm. The North and Northeast Regions of MG, where the largest annual irradiation of 6.5 kWh/m2 occurs, are characterised by a semiarid climate with annual rainfall between 600 - 800 mm and altitudes between 400 - 600 m. The maritime tropical air mass that acts between Brazil and Africa is the main climatic factor that inhibits cloud formation and, consequently, the rainfall in this region. Finally, the map of annual insolation reveals a consistent correlation between the daily rainfall and the solar radiation annual average.
文摘This paper uses Abductive network to predict global solar radiation in any location in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia （KSA） based on sunshine duration, month number, latitude, longitude, and altitude of the location. Results indicate good agreement between measured and predicted GSR values for each of the 35 locations with known GSR values. Finally, the data from all available stations are used to train an abductive network to estimate the GSR values anywhere in the Kingdom based on latitude and longitude. GSR values are estimated using the developed method at 25 additional locations throughout the kingdom and used with the measured data from the 35 available measurement stations to draw a comprehensive contour map of GSR values for KSA.
文摘This paper presents a method for estimating the solar capture capacity of dwell-ings using the central urban area of Concepción,Chile,as a case study in order to promote self-generation of energy by residents.The method takes into account the growing domestic energy demand and the possibility of meeting this demand through integrated solar energy collection into buildings using different systems.The methodology considers a study of the potential incoming solar radiation on buildings according to their geographical location and the surrounding buildings.The capacity for solar capture is then estimated for different dwelling types accord-ing to their morphology.Subsequently,the energy contribution provided by differ-ent technologies(solar thermal,photovoltaic and hybrid)is identified in relation to the main average energy demands for electricity,water and space heating.Finally,systems for each dwelling are recommended in an urban map available online.The development is based on climate information,cartography,aerial photo-graphs,surveys,housing models,technical standards,standardised calculations and dynamic simulations,implemented according to building layouts from an online Geographic Information System(GIS).The housing types are categorised in an urban map that relates household demands and the contribution of different solar energy systems.According to the estimates calculated,the residential units in the study offer sufficient solar capacity to supply between 40 and 60%of their energy consumption,especially in detached houses using roof-mounted hybrid systems.
文摘Solar energy being one of the most inexpensive renewable energy sources,has shown to be a viable alternative to traditional fossil-fuel and wood-based electricity generation.For the purpose of creating a more trustworthy and successful energy planning strategy,accurate projections of sun irradiation,solar energy generation,and revenues are crucial.Hence,in this work we have proposed webbased optimal prediction system that estimates solar radiation based on location and meteorological data using Machine Learning techniques.Furthermore,an interactive dashboard solar digital map has been developed that enables real-time investigation of solar energy consumption,production,solar radiation,and investment potential for a specific county in California.The model’s performance has been measured using Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Square Error(MSE),Mean Average Error(MAE),and Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE)scores.Experimental results demonstrate that stacking model outperformed all the models with the lowest RMSE,MSE,and MAE.
