Green manure–crop rotation is a sustainable approach to protect crops against diseases and improve yield.However,the mechanism by which green manuring manipulates the crop-associated microbial community remains to be...Green manure–crop rotation is a sustainable approach to protect crops against diseases and improve yield.However,the mechanism by which green manuring manipulates the crop-associated microbial community remains to be elucidated.In this study,we explored the horizontal processes of bacterial communities in different compartments of the soil–root interface(bulk soil,rhizosphere soil,rhizoplane and endosphere)of tobacco by performing a field experiment including four rotation practices,namely,tobacco rotated with smooth vetch,ryegrass,radish,and winter fallow(without green manure).Results showed that the co-occurrence networks constructed by adjacent compartments of the soil–root interface with green manuring had more edges than without green manuring,indicating dramatic microbial interactions.Green manuring increased the dispersal-niche continuum index between bulk soil and other compartments,indicating that it facilitated the horizontal dispersal of microbes.For the different green manuring practices,the neutral community model explained 24.6–27.6%of detection frequency for bacteria,and at least one compartment under each practice had a normalized stochasticity ratio higher than the 50%boundary point,suggesting that the deterministic and stochastic processes jointly shaped the tobacco microbiome.In conclusion,green manuring generally facilitates bacterial community dispersal across different compartments and enhances potential interactions among adjacent compartments.This study provides empirical evidence for understanding the microbiome assembly under green manure–crop rotation.展开更多
Legume green manure is extensively planted to improve soil fertility in crop field.However,the application of legume in Eucalyptus plantation is still limited and depends on site specific and species.Therefore,the obj...Legume green manure is extensively planted to improve soil fertility in crop field.However,the application of legume in Eucalyptus plantation is still limited and depends on site specific and species.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of green manure interplantation on soil fertility and plant growth of Eucalyptus plantation in a short term.A field experiment of one year was established to investigate the green manure growth,forest soil nutrients and Eucalyptus plant growth inter-planted with two legume species(Tephrosia candida,TC and Sesbania cannabina,SC)at south subtropical China.Legumes were inter-planted in linear among the tree space of Eucalyptus stand.Result showed that the green manure inter-plantation increased soil organic matter by 9.66%of TC and 18.44%of SC.Soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were improved significantly by the legume treatments as well.The increment of height and diameter at breast height of Eucalyptus during the experiment was significant in legume treatments.Thus,the timber volume increment was improved significantly by 46.81%of TC and 35.47%of SC compared with the control treatment.Therefore,the inter-plantation of legume green manure under the Eucalyptus plantation is effective to improve soil fertility and tree growth.Such a measure is potential and referenced for the sustainable forest management.展开更多
Millet agriculture,which originated in northern China,alongside rice agriculture,have nurtured the Chinese civilization.Prehistoric manuring practices likely promoted and maintained sustainable millet agricultural pro...Millet agriculture,which originated in northern China,alongside rice agriculture,have nurtured the Chinese civilization.Prehistoric manuring practices likely promoted and maintained sustainable millet agricultural production in the loess area of northern China.However,ongoing controversy exists regarding the indicators of prehistoric manuring intensity of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and common millet(Panicum miliaceum).Here,we present the results of pot and field fertilization experiments on two millet types.Our findings suggest that manuring can significantly increase the δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet,and its δ^(15)N values increase with increasing manuring levels.The δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet leaves are systematically greater than those of grains by approximately 1.6‰.Manuring could have a long-term residual impact on increasing the δ^(15)N values of soil and millet crops.Combined with previous crop fertilization experiment results,we propose that the impact of manuring on the δ^(15)N values of non-nitrogen-fixing crops is roughly consistent.The δ^(15)N value and amount of manure are key factors determining the extent of change in plant δ^(15)N values.The millet grain δ^(15)N values can serve as reliable indicators of manuring practices.Finally,we provide an interpretive framework for assessing the correlation between manuring levels and the δ^(15)N values of archaeological millet remains.The δ^(15)N values of ancient millet grains suggest widespread and intensive manuring practices in prehistoric millet agriculture in northern China,spanning from the early Yangshao period to the Longshan period.展开更多
Manure slurry application to farmland reduces chemical fertilizer use,mitigates pollution,and improves soil fertility.However,researches on the role of anaerobically treated cow slurry applied to soil microorganisms i...Manure slurry application to farmland reduces chemical fertilizer use,mitigates pollution,and improves soil fertility.However,researches on the role of anaerobically treated cow slurry applied to soil microorganisms in Northeast China remain underexplored.Here,in laboratory incubation experiments,different treatments including various combinations of sterilized and non-sterilized soil and slurry,and different application rates were employed to examine the effects of indigenous microorganisms on soil microbial communities.Field-collected soil samples were employed to examine the responses and spatial variations of soil microbes under production conditions.The results indicated that indigenous soil microorganisms exerted a dominant influence in the microbial community variations,while the impact of cow slurry microbiota on community diversity was relatively minor.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria(P=0.031,R=0.969)showed a significant positive correlation with the slurry application,whereas Acidobacteriota(P=0.012,R=–0.988)and Basidiomycota(P=0.01,R=–0.99)showed significant negative correlations.In the field environment,the autumn slurry application effects on soil microbes in the following year were not significant.In contrast,under spring slurry application,the cow slurry-soil agglomerations led to significant spatial differences in soil microbial communities,with higher microbial diversity observed in the vicinity of agglomerations.The microbes in agglomerations,such as Actinomycetes,Bacteroides and Proteobacteria,were found to be beneficial for the crop residue decomposition.These microorganisms could decompose organic compounds including lignin,cellulose,hemicellulose,and xylan in crop straw.Overall,slurry application indeed influenced soil microbes and induced spatial variations,providing insights for sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Background The rapid development of intensive layer breeding has intensified odor pollution that must be paid attention to for the green transformation of the industry. This study used Jingfen No.6 laying hens as the ...Background The rapid development of intensive layer breeding has intensified odor pollution that must be paid attention to for the green transformation of the industry. This study used Jingfen No.6 laying hens as the model to systematically evaluate the regulatory effect of compound microalgal powder(Chlorella vulgaris:Spirulina platensis:Haematococcus pluvialis = 3:1:1, 1:3:1, 1:1:3) on ammonia(NH3) emissions from laying hen manure.Results Through analysis of the static NH3production in manure, it was found that the NH3emissions within 24 h in the experimental group with 0.50% compound microalgal powder added were reduced to 6.27–16.84 mg(vs. control: 28.29 mg), achieving a 40.47%–77.84% reduction. GC/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses indicated that the compound microalgal powder intervened in the remodeling of the microbial community and nitrogen metabolism network in manure, driving the transformation from inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, mitigated the proliferation of NH3-producing bacteria(such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kurthia, and Proteus), and increased the abundance of acid-producing bacteria(such as Leuconostocaceae and Lactobacillaceae). The Spirulina platensis powder group had the best emission reduction effect(reduced by 77.84%), and its mechanism was closely related to the mitigation of Gram-negative bacteria activity by phycocyanin and increased synthesis of aromatic compounds, such as 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-ethylpyrazine.Conclusions This study revealed the mechanism by which the compound microalgal powder reduces NH3emissions by regulating the proliferation of acid-producing bacteria, reshaping the nitrogen metabolism network, and mitigating the activity of NH3-producing bacteria, while providing theoretical and data support for the development of environmentally friendly feed.展开更多
The land application of livestock manure has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial approach for nutrient recycling and environmental protection.However,the impact of residual antibiotics,a common contaminant of man...The land application of livestock manure has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial approach for nutrient recycling and environmental protection.However,the impact of residual antibiotics,a common contaminant of manure,on the degradation of organic compounds and nutrient release in Eutric Regosol is not well understood.Here,we studied,how oxytetracycline(OTC)and ciprofloxacin(CIP)affect the decomposition,microbial community structure,extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release from cattle and pig manure using litterbag incubation experiments.Results showed that OTC and CIP greatly inhibited livestock manure decomposition,causing a decreased rate of carbon(28%-87%),nitrogen(15%-44%)and phosphorus(26%-43%)release.The relative abundance of gramnegative(G-)bacteria was reduced by 4.0%-13%while fungi increased by 7.0%-71%during a 28-day incubation period.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that antibiotic exposure disrupted microbial interactions,particularly among G-bacteria,G+bacteria,and actinomycetes.These changes in microbial community structure and function resulted in decreased activity of urease,β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase,alkaline protease,chitinase,and catalase,causing reduced decomposition and nutrient release in cattle and pig ma-nures.These findings advance our understanding of decomposition and nutrient recycling from manure-contaminated antibiotics,which will help facilitate sustainable agricultural production and soil carbon sequestration.展开更多
Manure application as fertilizer can increase environmental exposure risk,as antibiotics,antibiotic resistance bacteria(ARB),and antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs)can be transmitted to agricultural fields,and adjacent n...Manure application as fertilizer can increase environmental exposure risk,as antibiotics,antibiotic resistance bacteria(ARB),and antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs)can be transmitted to agricultural fields,and adjacent natural systems.Understanding how specific antibiotics and ARGs respond within different manure fractions during on-farm management is limited.The study objective was to conduct a mass flow analysis determining the fate of antibiotic resistance factors(antibiotics,ARGs,and ARB)through solid-liquid separation,with the solid fraction continuing through a bedding recovery unit(BRU)via high temperature rotary composting for use of the manure solids as dairy cow bedding.The results show that most of the manure mass containing the antibiotic resistance factors went untreated following solid-liquid separation,with 95%of the mass leaving the separator as a liquid and pumped to a storage lagoon for field application and 5%proceeding to BRU processing.The tetracyclines and tulathromycin sorbed to the manure solids,while the beta lactams,ampicillin,and benzylpenicilloic acid were only found in the liquid fraction.The removal of antibiotic residuals during the BRU composting was insignificant,yet 40%-73%of the antibiotics were in the liquid fraction.The BRU composting was 100%effective in removing the ARB examined.Five of the eight ARGs(intl1,sul1,tetQ,tetX,and tetM)had significant reduction(>95%)following the BRU composting treatment.While the three other ARGs(tetW,ermB,and bla2)remained constant despite treatment.This study highlighted the importance of examining manure management from a mass balance perspective and understanding antibiotic resistance risk factors.展开更多
Improving crop yield and N utilization while mitigating environmental pollution is a key goal in sustainable agriculture.Integrating green manure with reduced chemical N application is a promising strategy to enhance ...Improving crop yield and N utilization while mitigating environmental pollution is a key goal in sustainable agriculture.Integrating green manure with reduced chemical N application is a promising strategy to enhance N utilization efficiency and minimize reactive N losses.However,the agronomic mechanisms through which green manure incorporation affects soil N retention and N loss under reduced N application remain unclear.This study aimed to uncover the compensatory mechanisms of green manure in improving wheat yield and N utilization under reduced N application,and to identify the principles behind reduced N loss in wheat fields.We conducted a split-plot experiment in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area of Northwest China from 2019 to 2024,using two cropping systems(W,fallow after wheat;W-G,green manure returning after wheat)combined with three N application levels(N1,local conventional N application rate;N2,N-reduction 15%;N3,N-reduction 30%).Our results demonstrated that green manure returning improved soil quality and compensated for the yield and N use efficiency losses caused by 15%chemical N reduction.Specifically,compared to the W-N1,W-GN2 increased soil organic matter content and soil water content by 6.5%and 9.4%,respectively,while reducing soil bulk density and pH by 8.9%and 6.7%.Meanwhile,W-GN2 increased soil nitrate N and total N content in the 0–40 cm soil layer by 8.4%and 8.7%,respectively.Moreover,W-GN2 reduced NH3 volatilization by 13.8%,N_(2)O emissions by 8.8%,and N leaching by 9.4%.It also enhanced microbial biomass N by 50.7%,urease activity by 10.2%,and decreased nitrate and nitrite reductase activities by 19.9%and 32.6%,respectively.Additionally,W-GN2 improved soil bacterialα-diversity and increased the abundance of functional bacteria.Green manure can sustain wheat yield and improve N utilization efficiency under reduced chemical N input by improving the soil environment,enhancing soil N retention and minimizing N losses,which presents a sustainable,yield-stabilizing strategy for Oasis agroecosystems in northwestern China.展开更多
Intensive farming practices,aimed at maximizing crop yields through substantial inputs of labour,technology,and chemical fertilizers,have significantly transformed modern agriculture.However,these methods have raised ...Intensive farming practices,aimed at maximizing crop yields through substantial inputs of labour,technology,and chemical fertilizers,have significantly transformed modern agriculture.However,these methods have raised serious concerns regarding soil health,environmental sustainability,and long-term agricultural viability.This study examines the ecological impact of intensive farming on soil health in the KB Asifabad District of Telangana,India,where traditional and modern farming techniques coexist.The objectives include analysing socio-economic factors influencing farming methods,evaluating the impact of tilling techniques and fertilizer use on soil health,and promoting sustainable practices through education and policy recommendations.Findings reveal a strong reliance on chemical fertilizers,with 98.3% of farmers using them exclusively due to their perceived efficiency and rapid results.However,this overdependence has led to soil degradation,reduced microbial diversity,and environmental pollution.Conversely,despite its ecological benefits,natural manure remains underutilized due to scepticism and economic constraints.Mechanical tilling methods,while effective,have negatively impacted soil structure and fertility.The study highlights the necessity of transitioning to sustainable practices,integrating organic inputs,and adopting conservation techniques to restore soil health and ecosystem balance.This research provides practical pathways for achieving sustainable agriculture by integrating traditional knowledge with modern practices.It is particularly relevant for policymakers,agricultural extension services,and farming communities as it highlights the need for educational initiatives,financial incentives,and regulatory measures to ensure long-term soil fertility,environmental stewardship,and improved farmer livelihoods.展开更多
Biochar and animal manure application can improve crop yields in salt-affected soil.Previous studies have primarily applied biochar and animal manure either alone or at fixed ratios,while their combined effects with v...Biochar and animal manure application can improve crop yields in salt-affected soil.Previous studies have primarily applied biochar and animal manure either alone or at fixed ratios,while their combined effects with varying combination proportions are still unclear.To address this knowledge gap,we performed a 2-a experiment(2023-2024)in a salinized cotton field in Wensu County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China with the following 6 treatments:control;application of biochar(10t/hm^(2))alone(BC100%);application of cow manure(10 t/hm^(2))alone(CM100%);application of 70%biochar(7 t/hm^(2))combined with 30%cow manure(3 t/hm^(2))(BC70%+CM30%);application of 50%biochar(5 t/hm^(2))combined with 50%cow manure(5 t/hm^(2))(BC50%+CM50%);and application of 30%biochar(3 t/hm^(2))combined with 70%cow manure(7 t/hm^(2))(BC30%+CM70%).By measuring soil pH,electrical conductivity,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,and available nitrogen at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths,as well as yield components and cotton yield in 2023 and 2024,this study revealed that soil nutrients in the 0-20 cm depth were more sensitive to the treatment.Among all the treatments,BC50%+CM50%treatment had the highest value of soil pH(9.63±0.07)but the lowest values of electrical conductivity(161.9±31.8μS/cm),soil organic matter(1.88±0.27 g/kg),and available potassium(42.72±8.25 mg/kg)in 2024.Moreover,the highest cotton yield(5336.63±467.72 kg/hm^(2))was also observed under BC50%+CM50%treatment in 2024,which was 1.9 times greater than that under the control treatment.In addition,cotton yield in 2023 was jointly determined by yield components(density and number of cotton bolls)and soil nutrients(available phosphorus and available potassium),but in 2024,cotton yield was only positively related to yield components(density,number of cotton bolls,and single boll weight).Overall,this study highlighted that in salt-affected soil,the combination of biochar and cow manure at a 1:1 ratio is recommended for increasing cotton yield and reducing soil salinity stress.展开更多
Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of ...Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of paramount importance for sustainable agricultural.In this study,the ability of four distinct green manure species to suppress weeds was determined in a field experiment conducted in Chongqing,Southwest China.After cultivating the green manure species,the weed density and diversity were monitored over the following year.The findings highlight a notable trend in the suppressive ability of green manures,with increased suppression observed from November to March,an optimal level observed from March to May,and a gradual decline observed thereafter.Poaceae(Lolium perenne L.)demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing weeds.The meta-analysis underscore the exceptional suppressive effects of poaceous green manures on weed as well and prove sustained planting for three or more consecutive years yielded superior weed suppression outcomes.Green manure had the most prominent inhibitory effect on poaceae weeds,followed by Polygonaceae and Caryophyllaceae.The field experiment also investigated the effect of green manures on weed community composition,they increased in the proportion of perennial weeds within these communities.This study offers valuable insights that can guide policymakers,agricultural experts,and farmers in devising effective weed management strategies.By highlighting the potential benefits of green manures and unraveling their nuanced impact,this study contributes to the arsenal of sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Animal husbandry is an essential pillar sector in China.However,the wastewater including a mixture of feces,urine,and flushing water from livestock and poultry farming poses serious environmental risks if not properly...Animal husbandry is an essential pillar sector in China.However,the wastewater including a mixture of feces,urine,and flushing water from livestock and poultry farming poses serious environmental risks if not properly managed or over-applied.This paper analyzes the existing challenges in the utilization of livestock manure,focusing on source control,process management,and end-use treatment.To address these issues,it proposes establishing a sustainable long-term mechanism.Key recommendations include enhancing source control,strengthening policy support to alleviate the financial burden on enterprises,aligning with market demands,intensifying the promotion of technologies and equipment development,and improving manure quality.In addition,advocating for grain-efficient animal husbandry and promoting diversified utilization through bio-chain approaches are essential.展开更多
Winter planting green manures in southern China effectively improve soil properties and rice production through microbial community construction.However,the effects of soil communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(...Winter planting green manures in southern China effectively improve soil properties and rice production through microbial community construction.However,the effects of soil communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)from different winter planting green manures on the soil properties and post-cropping rice production remain unclear.In this study,the soil AMF communities of three common winter planting patterns in southern China,winter fallow,winter ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.),and winter Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.),were explored and their effects on post-cropping rice production were investigated.Compared with winter fallow,the winter ryegrass and winter Chinese milk vetch patterns could alleviate soil acidification,significantly increase soil AMF spore density,and improve the soil AMF community structure.Based on sterilized soil,rice production indicators such as thousandseed weight,theoretical yield,and the grain amylose and total sugar contents of rice inoculated with AMF spores from winter Chinese milk vetch soil were 6.68–53.57%higher than those without AMF inoculation.Rice panicle weight,seed setting rate,and theoretical yield were 15.38–22.71%higher in the treatment with AMF spores from winter ryegrass soil than in the treatments with no AMF inoculation.In addition,the protein,amylose,and total sugar contents of rice grains were 14.92,104.82,and 802.23 mg kg^(–1),respectively,which were 31.31,14.25 and 34.47%higher than those without AMF inoculation.The AMF community dominated by Glomus and Acaulospora in winter Chinese milk vetch had a more positive effect on the improvement of rice yield,while the AMF community dominated by Glomus in winter ryegrass soil was more conducive to rice quality improvement.These findings have revealed the critical role of AMF communities from green manure in rice production,which lays the theoretical basis for a promising strategy to promote the sustainable development of southern winter agriculture.展开更多
As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pr...As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pressurized gasification of poultry manure is still a novel research field,especially when combined with a novel technological route of oxy-fuel gasification.Oxy-fuel gasification is a newly proposed and promising gasification technology for power generation that facilitates future carbon capture and storage.In this work,based on a commercially operated industrial-scale chicken manure gasification power plant in Singapore,we presented an interesting first exploration of the coupled pressurization technology for oxy-fuel gasification of poultry manure using CFD numerical simulation,analyzed the effects of pressure and oxygen enrichment concentration as well as the coupling mechanism between them,and discussed the conversion and emission of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing pollutants.The results indicate that under oxy-fuel gasification condition(Oxy-30,i.e.,30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2)),as the pressure increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa,the CO concentration in the syngas increases slightly,the H_(2)concentration increases to approximately 25%,and the CH4 concentration(less than 1%)decreases,resulting in an increase in the calorific value of syngas from 5.2 to 5.6 MJ·m^(-3).Compared to atmospheric pressure conditions,a relatively higher oxygen-enriched concentration interval(Oxy-40 to Oxy-50)under pressurized conditions is advantageous for autothermal gasification.Pressurization increases NO precursors production and also promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction of NO,and provides favorable conditions for self-desulfurization.This work offers reference for the realization of a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption thermochemical treatment of livestock manure coupled with negative carbon emission technology.展开更多
A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural producti...A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural productivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping maize with leguminous green manure on grain yield and N utilization under reduced N-fertilization conditions.A field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted in northwestern China from 2018 to 2021.The main plots consisted of two cropping systems:maize-common vetch intercropping(IM)and sole maize(SM).The subplots had three N levels:zero N application(N0,0 kg ha^(-1)),a 25%reduction from the traditional chemical N supply(N1,270 kg ha^(-1)),and the traditional chemical N supply(N2,360 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the negative effects of N reduction on maize grain yield and N uptake were compensated by intercropping leguminous green manure,and the improvements increased with cultivation years.The integrated system involving maize-leguminous green manure intercropping and a reduced N supply enhanced N translocation from maize vegetative organs to grains and increased the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in maize leaves.The supercompensatory effect in maize leaves increased year by year,reaching values of 16.1,21.3,and 25.5%in 2019,2020,and 2021,respectively.These findings suggest that intercropping maize with leguminous green manure under reduced chemical N input can enhance N assimilation and uptake in maize.By using this strategy,chemical fertilizer is effectively replaced by leguminous green manure,thereby improving N use efficiency and maintaining stable yields in the maize-based intercropping system.展开更多
Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion is a next-generation and low-cost carbon capture technology with industrial application potential.This work presents an innovative research exploration-coupling coal pressurized fluidiz...Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion is a next-generation and low-cost carbon capture technology with industrial application potential.This work presents an innovative research exploration-coupling coal pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel combustion technology with energy utilization of poultry manure as a renewable and carbon-neutral fuel,in order to capture CO_(2)and solve the problem of poultry manure treatment simultaneously.In this study,a stable co-combustion of coal and chicken manure in a laboratory-scale pressurized fluidized bed under typical oxy-fuel condition(30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2),i.e.,Oxy-30)is achieved.The key parameters including the combustion pressure(0.1-0.5 MPa)and chicken-manure proportion(0%to 100%)and their impacts on fundamental combustion efficiency,carbon conversion,nitrogen and sulfur pollutant emissions,and residue ash characteristics have been investigated.The result show that pressurization favors an increase in the CO_(2)enrichment concentration and fluidized bed combustion efficiency.During co-combustion under 0.1 and 0.3 MPa,the CO_(2)concentration in the flue gas is the highest when the chicken manure blending ratio(M_(pm))is 25%.Although the NO emissions fluctuate and even increase as Mpm increases,the co-combustion of coal and chicken manure exhibits a synergistic effect in reducing NO conversion rate(XNO).The effect of pressurization on reducing NO emission is significant,XNO at M_(pm)=25%decreasing from 15%to 5%as the pressure(P)increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa.As P increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa and Mpm increases from 0%to 50%,the SO_(2) emissions and conversion rates decrease.The self-desulfurization process plays an important role in the reduction of SO_(2) emissions during pressurized oxy-fuel co-combustion.The aim of this work is to advance the development and application of pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel co-combustion technology and promote a circular bioeconomy and carbon-free waste management for biomass derived from livestock manure.展开更多
The effcacy of integrating green manure in arid irrigation regions to enhance maize yield and nitrogen(N)uptake effciency has been extensively explored.However,limited research has delineated the contribution of green...The effcacy of integrating green manure in arid irrigation regions to enhance maize yield and nitrogen(N)uptake effciency has been extensively explored.However,limited research has delineated the contribution of green manure N vs.soil N on crop N utilization effciency.This study integrated feld experiments with micro-plot experiments to examine green manure(common vetch)management practices for achieving high maize yield and N uptake.In a micro-plot experiment,^(15)N technology was utilized to label green manure crops.Five treatments were applied in the research methodology:conventional tillage without green manure as the control(CT),tillage with total green manure incorporation(TG),no-tillage with total green manure mulching(NTG),tillage with only root incorporation(T),and no-tillage with removal of aboveground green manure(NT).The results of the micro-plot experiment were consistent with those observed in the feld,demonstrating that the utilization of green manure substantially increased maize yield and nitrogen uptake effciency(NUPE)compared to CT.In particular,under NTG,N uptake by maize from green manure was higher than NT and T,accounting for 59.1%of maize N uptake.Furthermore,applying NTG boosted the NUPE of soil N in maize to 50.7%,higher than TG by 5.5%.Meanwhile,it decreased the proportion of soil N in the maize.The difference between NTG and TG was primarily shown in the maize grains.For N transport in the soil,NTG decreased N loss while increasing soil N retention.Also,it facilitated the mineralization of soil organic N before the fowering stage.In conclusion,adopting no-tillage with total green manure mulching increased N uptake from green manure and the soil and decreased the proportion of soil-derived N in maize.展开更多
Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving pl...Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving plant physiological traits.To investigate the effects of straw charcoal on paddy soil,an experiment was conducted in fields with stable soil properties characterized by clay loam texture in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China,using the rice cultivar Nanjing 5055.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the sterilization effects on Escherichia coli by adding bacterial inhibitor(CaCN2)during the process of cattle manure composting so as to provide a theoretical basis fo...[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the sterilization effects on Escherichia coli by adding bacterial inhibitor(CaCN2)during the process of cattle manure composting so as to provide a theoretical basis for cattle manure harmless treatment.[Method] Both experimental groups supplemented with 2.0% bacterial inhibitor and control groups without bacterial inhibitor were cultured under different temperatures(20,30,37,50,60 ℃)to determine the optimal composing temperature.Under 30 ℃,different bacterial inhibitor doses(0,2.0%,2.5%,3.0%)were added into the compost to obtain the optimal bacterial inhibitor addition dose.[Result] 30,50 and 60 ℃ were ideal temperatures for sterilization of E.coli.Under 30 ℃,E.coli couldn't be detected in 2.5% dose group and 3.0% dose group after culture for 48 h,demonstrating no less than 2.5% bacterial inhibitor should be added.[Conclusion] It has an important significance to enhance the sterilization effects on E.coli by adding CaCN2 into cattle manure compost especially in winter.展开更多
Although mass livestock and poultry breeding brought magnificent econom-ic benefits to the society, it made great harm to the environment. By reviewing the current status of environmental pol ution caused by livestock...Although mass livestock and poultry breeding brought magnificent econom-ic benefits to the society, it made great harm to the environment. By reviewing the current status of environmental pol ution caused by livestock and poultry manure in China, harm-free treatment technology for livestock and poultry manure including fer-tilization technology, feed processing technology and energy technology were elabo-rated so as to address the existing issues in this regard and provide references for resource utilization and eliminating environmental pol ution through modified technical system and environment laws.展开更多
基金supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700200)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-22).
文摘Green manure–crop rotation is a sustainable approach to protect crops against diseases and improve yield.However,the mechanism by which green manuring manipulates the crop-associated microbial community remains to be elucidated.In this study,we explored the horizontal processes of bacterial communities in different compartments of the soil–root interface(bulk soil,rhizosphere soil,rhizoplane and endosphere)of tobacco by performing a field experiment including four rotation practices,namely,tobacco rotated with smooth vetch,ryegrass,radish,and winter fallow(without green manure).Results showed that the co-occurrence networks constructed by adjacent compartments of the soil–root interface with green manuring had more edges than without green manuring,indicating dramatic microbial interactions.Green manuring increased the dispersal-niche continuum index between bulk soil and other compartments,indicating that it facilitated the horizontal dispersal of microbes.For the different green manuring practices,the neutral community model explained 24.6–27.6%of detection frequency for bacteria,and at least one compartment under each practice had a normalized stochasticity ratio higher than the 50%boundary point,suggesting that the deterministic and stochastic processes jointly shaped the tobacco microbiome.In conclusion,green manuring generally facilitates bacterial community dispersal across different compartments and enhances potential interactions among adjacent compartments.This study provides empirical evidence for understanding the microbiome assembly under green manure–crop rotation.
基金The authors are grateful forfinancial support from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(AA17204087-11)Aids in sampling from the members of National Dongmen Forest Farm of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are appreciated.
文摘Legume green manure is extensively planted to improve soil fertility in crop field.However,the application of legume in Eucalyptus plantation is still limited and depends on site specific and species.Therefore,the objective of this study was to determine the effects of green manure interplantation on soil fertility and plant growth of Eucalyptus plantation in a short term.A field experiment of one year was established to investigate the green manure growth,forest soil nutrients and Eucalyptus plant growth inter-planted with two legume species(Tephrosia candida,TC and Sesbania cannabina,SC)at south subtropical China.Legumes were inter-planted in linear among the tree space of Eucalyptus stand.Result showed that the green manure inter-plantation increased soil organic matter by 9.66%of TC and 18.44%of SC.Soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were improved significantly by the legume treatments as well.The increment of height and diameter at breast height of Eucalyptus during the experiment was significant in legume treatments.Thus,the timber volume increment was improved significantly by 46.81%of TC and 35.47%of SC compared with the control treatment.Therefore,the inter-plantation of legume green manure under the Eucalyptus plantation is effective to improve soil fertility and tree growth.Such a measure is potential and referenced for the sustainable forest management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41930323)。
文摘Millet agriculture,which originated in northern China,alongside rice agriculture,have nurtured the Chinese civilization.Prehistoric manuring practices likely promoted and maintained sustainable millet agricultural production in the loess area of northern China.However,ongoing controversy exists regarding the indicators of prehistoric manuring intensity of foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and common millet(Panicum miliaceum).Here,we present the results of pot and field fertilization experiments on two millet types.Our findings suggest that manuring can significantly increase the δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet,and its δ^(15)N values increase with increasing manuring levels.The δ^(15)N values of foxtail millet leaves are systematically greater than those of grains by approximately 1.6‰.Manuring could have a long-term residual impact on increasing the δ^(15)N values of soil and millet crops.Combined with previous crop fertilization experiment results,we propose that the impact of manuring on the δ^(15)N values of non-nitrogen-fixing crops is roughly consistent.The δ^(15)N value and amount of manure are key factors determining the extent of change in plant δ^(15)N values.The millet grain δ^(15)N values can serve as reliable indicators of manuring practices.Finally,we provide an interpretive framework for assessing the correlation between manuring levels and the δ^(15)N values of archaeological millet remains.The δ^(15)N values of ancient millet grains suggest widespread and intensive manuring practices in prehistoric millet agriculture in northern China,spanning from the early Yangshao period to the Longshan period.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700742)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH–Z21109)。
文摘Manure slurry application to farmland reduces chemical fertilizer use,mitigates pollution,and improves soil fertility.However,researches on the role of anaerobically treated cow slurry applied to soil microorganisms in Northeast China remain underexplored.Here,in laboratory incubation experiments,different treatments including various combinations of sterilized and non-sterilized soil and slurry,and different application rates were employed to examine the effects of indigenous microorganisms on soil microbial communities.Field-collected soil samples were employed to examine the responses and spatial variations of soil microbes under production conditions.The results indicated that indigenous soil microorganisms exerted a dominant influence in the microbial community variations,while the impact of cow slurry microbiota on community diversity was relatively minor.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria(P=0.031,R=0.969)showed a significant positive correlation with the slurry application,whereas Acidobacteriota(P=0.012,R=–0.988)and Basidiomycota(P=0.01,R=–0.99)showed significant negative correlations.In the field environment,the autumn slurry application effects on soil microbes in the following year were not significant.In contrast,under spring slurry application,the cow slurry-soil agglomerations led to significant spatial differences in soil microbial communities,with higher microbial diversity observed in the vicinity of agglomerations.The microbes in agglomerations,such as Actinomycetes,Bacteroides and Proteobacteria,were found to be beneficial for the crop residue decomposition.These microorganisms could decompose organic compounds including lignin,cellulose,hemicellulose,and xylan in crop straw.Overall,slurry application indeed influenced soil microbes and induced spatial variations,providing insights for sustainable agricultural practices.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2023YFD1701700)approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of South China Agricultural University (Approval Number:2025f014)
文摘Background The rapid development of intensive layer breeding has intensified odor pollution that must be paid attention to for the green transformation of the industry. This study used Jingfen No.6 laying hens as the model to systematically evaluate the regulatory effect of compound microalgal powder(Chlorella vulgaris:Spirulina platensis:Haematococcus pluvialis = 3:1:1, 1:3:1, 1:1:3) on ammonia(NH3) emissions from laying hen manure.Results Through analysis of the static NH3production in manure, it was found that the NH3emissions within 24 h in the experimental group with 0.50% compound microalgal powder added were reduced to 6.27–16.84 mg(vs. control: 28.29 mg), achieving a 40.47%–77.84% reduction. GC/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses indicated that the compound microalgal powder intervened in the remodeling of the microbial community and nitrogen metabolism network in manure, driving the transformation from inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen, mitigated the proliferation of NH3-producing bacteria(such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Kurthia, and Proteus), and increased the abundance of acid-producing bacteria(such as Leuconostocaceae and Lactobacillaceae). The Spirulina platensis powder group had the best emission reduction effect(reduced by 77.84%), and its mechanism was closely related to the mitigation of Gram-negative bacteria activity by phycocyanin and increased synthesis of aromatic compounds, such as 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-ethylpyrazine.Conclusions This study revealed the mechanism by which the compound microalgal powder reduces NH3emissions by regulating the proliferation of acid-producing bacteria, reshaping the nitrogen metabolism network, and mitigating the activity of NH3-producing bacteria, while providing theoretical and data support for the development of environmentally friendly feed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A2047)the Key Research and Development Project for Tibet Autonomous Region(No.XZ202201ZY0003N)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFD1901402)the Lasa Science and Technology Bureau(No.LSKJ202206)the Foundation of Graduate Research and Innovation in Chongqing(No.CYB22127).
文摘The land application of livestock manure has been widely acknowledged as a beneficial approach for nutrient recycling and environmental protection.However,the impact of residual antibiotics,a common contaminant of manure,on the degradation of organic compounds and nutrient release in Eutric Regosol is not well understood.Here,we studied,how oxytetracycline(OTC)and ciprofloxacin(CIP)affect the decomposition,microbial community structure,extracellular enzyme activities and nutrient release from cattle and pig manure using litterbag incubation experiments.Results showed that OTC and CIP greatly inhibited livestock manure decomposition,causing a decreased rate of carbon(28%-87%),nitrogen(15%-44%)and phosphorus(26%-43%)release.The relative abundance of gramnegative(G-)bacteria was reduced by 4.0%-13%while fungi increased by 7.0%-71%during a 28-day incubation period.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that antibiotic exposure disrupted microbial interactions,particularly among G-bacteria,G+bacteria,and actinomycetes.These changes in microbial community structure and function resulted in decreased activity of urease,β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase,alkaline protease,chitinase,and catalase,causing reduced decomposition and nutrient release in cattle and pig ma-nures.These findings advance our understanding of decomposition and nutrient recycling from manure-contaminated antibiotics,which will help facilitate sustainable agricultural production and soil carbon sequestration.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Agriculture NIFA Award(No.2018-68003-27467).
文摘Manure application as fertilizer can increase environmental exposure risk,as antibiotics,antibiotic resistance bacteria(ARB),and antibiotic resistant genes(ARGs)can be transmitted to agricultural fields,and adjacent natural systems.Understanding how specific antibiotics and ARGs respond within different manure fractions during on-farm management is limited.The study objective was to conduct a mass flow analysis determining the fate of antibiotic resistance factors(antibiotics,ARGs,and ARB)through solid-liquid separation,with the solid fraction continuing through a bedding recovery unit(BRU)via high temperature rotary composting for use of the manure solids as dairy cow bedding.The results show that most of the manure mass containing the antibiotic resistance factors went untreated following solid-liquid separation,with 95%of the mass leaving the separator as a liquid and pumped to a storage lagoon for field application and 5%proceeding to BRU processing.The tetracyclines and tulathromycin sorbed to the manure solids,while the beta lactams,ampicillin,and benzylpenicilloic acid were only found in the liquid fraction.The removal of antibiotic residuals during the BRU composting was insignificant,yet 40%-73%of the antibiotics were in the liquid fraction.The BRU composting was 100%effective in removing the ARB examined.Five of the eight ARGs(intl1,sul1,tetQ,tetX,and tetM)had significant reduction(>95%)following the BRU composting treatment.While the three other ARGs(tetW,ermB,and bla2)remained constant despite treatment.This study highlighted the importance of examining manure management from a mass balance perspective and understanding antibiotic resistance risk factors.
基金financial support of the Science and Technology Program in Gansu province(25JRRA347,24ZDNA008)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32372238,U21A20218,32460547)+4 种基金the Industrial Support Project of Educational Committee of Gansu province(2025CYZC-037)the Research Program Sponsored by State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science(GSCS-2023-Z03)the Agricultural Research System of China(CARS-22-G-12)China Agricultural University Corresponding Support Research Joint Fund(GSAU-DKZY-2024-001)the UPTAKE Project on EU Horizon(101081521).
文摘Improving crop yield and N utilization while mitigating environmental pollution is a key goal in sustainable agriculture.Integrating green manure with reduced chemical N application is a promising strategy to enhance N utilization efficiency and minimize reactive N losses.However,the agronomic mechanisms through which green manure incorporation affects soil N retention and N loss under reduced N application remain unclear.This study aimed to uncover the compensatory mechanisms of green manure in improving wheat yield and N utilization under reduced N application,and to identify the principles behind reduced N loss in wheat fields.We conducted a split-plot experiment in the Hexi Oasis irrigation area of Northwest China from 2019 to 2024,using two cropping systems(W,fallow after wheat;W-G,green manure returning after wheat)combined with three N application levels(N1,local conventional N application rate;N2,N-reduction 15%;N3,N-reduction 30%).Our results demonstrated that green manure returning improved soil quality and compensated for the yield and N use efficiency losses caused by 15%chemical N reduction.Specifically,compared to the W-N1,W-GN2 increased soil organic matter content and soil water content by 6.5%and 9.4%,respectively,while reducing soil bulk density and pH by 8.9%and 6.7%.Meanwhile,W-GN2 increased soil nitrate N and total N content in the 0–40 cm soil layer by 8.4%and 8.7%,respectively.Moreover,W-GN2 reduced NH3 volatilization by 13.8%,N_(2)O emissions by 8.8%,and N leaching by 9.4%.It also enhanced microbial biomass N by 50.7%,urease activity by 10.2%,and decreased nitrate and nitrite reductase activities by 19.9%and 32.6%,respectively.Additionally,W-GN2 improved soil bacterialα-diversity and increased the abundance of functional bacteria.Green manure can sustain wheat yield and improve N utilization efficiency under reduced chemical N input by improving the soil environment,enhancing soil N retention and minimizing N losses,which presents a sustainable,yield-stabilizing strategy for Oasis agroecosystems in northwestern China.
文摘Intensive farming practices,aimed at maximizing crop yields through substantial inputs of labour,technology,and chemical fertilizers,have significantly transformed modern agriculture.However,these methods have raised serious concerns regarding soil health,environmental sustainability,and long-term agricultural viability.This study examines the ecological impact of intensive farming on soil health in the KB Asifabad District of Telangana,India,where traditional and modern farming techniques coexist.The objectives include analysing socio-economic factors influencing farming methods,evaluating the impact of tilling techniques and fertilizer use on soil health,and promoting sustainable practices through education and policy recommendations.Findings reveal a strong reliance on chemical fertilizers,with 98.3% of farmers using them exclusively due to their perceived efficiency and rapid results.However,this overdependence has led to soil degradation,reduced microbial diversity,and environmental pollution.Conversely,despite its ecological benefits,natural manure remains underutilized due to scepticism and economic constraints.Mechanical tilling methods,while effective,have negatively impacted soil structure and fertility.The study highlights the necessity of transitioning to sustainable practices,integrating organic inputs,and adopting conservation techniques to restore soil health and ecosystem balance.This research provides practical pathways for achieving sustainable agriculture by integrating traditional knowledge with modern practices.It is particularly relevant for policymakers,agricultural extension services,and farming communities as it highlights the need for educational initiatives,financial incentives,and regulatory measures to ensure long-term soil fertility,environmental stewardship,and improved farmer livelihoods.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023A02002-2)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1901503)the Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(ZYYD2024CG03)。
文摘Biochar and animal manure application can improve crop yields in salt-affected soil.Previous studies have primarily applied biochar and animal manure either alone or at fixed ratios,while their combined effects with varying combination proportions are still unclear.To address this knowledge gap,we performed a 2-a experiment(2023-2024)in a salinized cotton field in Wensu County of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China with the following 6 treatments:control;application of biochar(10t/hm^(2))alone(BC100%);application of cow manure(10 t/hm^(2))alone(CM100%);application of 70%biochar(7 t/hm^(2))combined with 30%cow manure(3 t/hm^(2))(BC70%+CM30%);application of 50%biochar(5 t/hm^(2))combined with 50%cow manure(5 t/hm^(2))(BC50%+CM50%);and application of 30%biochar(3 t/hm^(2))combined with 70%cow manure(7 t/hm^(2))(BC30%+CM70%).By measuring soil pH,electrical conductivity,soil organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium,and available nitrogen at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths,as well as yield components and cotton yield in 2023 and 2024,this study revealed that soil nutrients in the 0-20 cm depth were more sensitive to the treatment.Among all the treatments,BC50%+CM50%treatment had the highest value of soil pH(9.63±0.07)but the lowest values of electrical conductivity(161.9±31.8μS/cm),soil organic matter(1.88±0.27 g/kg),and available potassium(42.72±8.25 mg/kg)in 2024.Moreover,the highest cotton yield(5336.63±467.72 kg/hm^(2))was also observed under BC50%+CM50%treatment in 2024,which was 1.9 times greater than that under the control treatment.In addition,cotton yield in 2023 was jointly determined by yield components(density and number of cotton bolls)and soil nutrients(available phosphorus and available potassium),but in 2024,cotton yield was only positively related to yield components(density,number of cotton bolls,and single boll weight).Overall,this study highlighted that in salt-affected soil,the combination of biochar and cow manure at a 1:1 ratio is recommended for increasing cotton yield and reducing soil salinity stress.
基金funding from the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22,Green Manure)the Natural Science Foundation Project from Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,China(4322300357)the Green Manure Cultivation Technology Project from Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station。
文摘Weeds have a negative impact on agricultural production by competing with cultivated crops for resources and fostering conditions conducive to disease and insect pest dissemination.Hence,optimal weed management is of paramount importance for sustainable agricultural.In this study,the ability of four distinct green manure species to suppress weeds was determined in a field experiment conducted in Chongqing,Southwest China.After cultivating the green manure species,the weed density and diversity were monitored over the following year.The findings highlight a notable trend in the suppressive ability of green manures,with increased suppression observed from November to March,an optimal level observed from March to May,and a gradual decline observed thereafter.Poaceae(Lolium perenne L.)demonstrated the highest efficacy in suppressing weeds.The meta-analysis underscore the exceptional suppressive effects of poaceous green manures on weed as well and prove sustained planting for three or more consecutive years yielded superior weed suppression outcomes.Green manure had the most prominent inhibitory effect on poaceae weeds,followed by Polygonaceae and Caryophyllaceae.The field experiment also investigated the effect of green manures on weed community composition,they increased in the proportion of perennial weeds within these communities.This study offers valuable insights that can guide policymakers,agricultural experts,and farmers in devising effective weed management strategies.By highlighting the potential benefits of green manures and unraveling their nuanced impact,this study contributes to the arsenal of sustainable agricultural practices.
文摘Animal husbandry is an essential pillar sector in China.However,the wastewater including a mixture of feces,urine,and flushing water from livestock and poultry farming poses serious environmental risks if not properly managed or over-applied.This paper analyzes the existing challenges in the utilization of livestock manure,focusing on source control,process management,and end-use treatment.To address these issues,it proposes establishing a sustainable long-term mechanism.Key recommendations include enhancing source control,strengthening policy support to alleviate the financial burden on enterprises,aligning with market demands,intensifying the promotion of technologies and equipment development,and improving manure quality.In addition,advocating for grain-efficient animal husbandry and promoting diversified utilization through bio-chain approaches are essential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171683)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(JCYJ20220530145606015)+4 种基金the Agricultural and Social Development Project of Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau,China(202206010058)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503122)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2020A1515010494)the Yangfan Innovative&Entrepreneurial Research Team Project,China(2015YT02H032)the Zhang Hong-da Science Research Fund of Sun Yat-sen University,China。
文摘Winter planting green manures in southern China effectively improve soil properties and rice production through microbial community construction.However,the effects of soil communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)from different winter planting green manures on the soil properties and post-cropping rice production remain unclear.In this study,the soil AMF communities of three common winter planting patterns in southern China,winter fallow,winter ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.),and winter Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.),were explored and their effects on post-cropping rice production were investigated.Compared with winter fallow,the winter ryegrass and winter Chinese milk vetch patterns could alleviate soil acidification,significantly increase soil AMF spore density,and improve the soil AMF community structure.Based on sterilized soil,rice production indicators such as thousandseed weight,theoretical yield,and the grain amylose and total sugar contents of rice inoculated with AMF spores from winter Chinese milk vetch soil were 6.68–53.57%higher than those without AMF inoculation.Rice panicle weight,seed setting rate,and theoretical yield were 15.38–22.71%higher in the treatment with AMF spores from winter ryegrass soil than in the treatments with no AMF inoculation.In addition,the protein,amylose,and total sugar contents of rice grains were 14.92,104.82,and 802.23 mg kg^(–1),respectively,which were 31.31,14.25 and 34.47%higher than those without AMF inoculation.The AMF community dominated by Glomus and Acaulospora in winter Chinese milk vetch had a more positive effect on the improvement of rice yield,while the AMF community dominated by Glomus in winter ryegrass soil was more conducive to rice quality improvement.These findings have revealed the critical role of AMF communities from green manure in rice production,which lays the theoretical basis for a promising strategy to promote the sustainable development of southern winter agriculture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306131)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230847)+2 种基金the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52336005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242024RCB0036)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coal-fired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission(D2024FK156).
文摘As a renewable energy source,the thermal conversion of poultry manure,is a promising waste treatment solution that can generate circular economic outputs such as energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Currently,pressurized gasification of poultry manure is still a novel research field,especially when combined with a novel technological route of oxy-fuel gasification.Oxy-fuel gasification is a newly proposed and promising gasification technology for power generation that facilitates future carbon capture and storage.In this work,based on a commercially operated industrial-scale chicken manure gasification power plant in Singapore,we presented an interesting first exploration of the coupled pressurization technology for oxy-fuel gasification of poultry manure using CFD numerical simulation,analyzed the effects of pressure and oxygen enrichment concentration as well as the coupling mechanism between them,and discussed the conversion and emission of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing pollutants.The results indicate that under oxy-fuel gasification condition(Oxy-30,i.e.,30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2)),as the pressure increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa,the CO concentration in the syngas increases slightly,the H_(2)concentration increases to approximately 25%,and the CH4 concentration(less than 1%)decreases,resulting in an increase in the calorific value of syngas from 5.2 to 5.6 MJ·m^(-3).Compared to atmospheric pressure conditions,a relatively higher oxygen-enriched concentration interval(Oxy-40 to Oxy-50)under pressurized conditions is advantageous for autothermal gasification.Pressurization increases NO precursors production and also promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction of NO,and provides favorable conditions for self-desulfurization.This work offers reference for the realization of a highly efficient and low-energy-consumption thermochemical treatment of livestock manure coupled with negative carbon emission technology.
基金supported by the‘Double First-Class’Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department in Gansu Province,China(GSSYLXM-02)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218 and 32160765)+3 种基金the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22-G-12)the Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province,China(20JR5RA037 and 21JR7RA836)the Postdoctoral Research Start-up Foundation of Gansu Province,China(03824034)the Postdoctoral Research Start-up Foundation of Gansu Agricultural University,China(202403)。
文摘A critical challenge for global food security and sustainable agriculture is enhancing crop yields while reducing chemical N inputs.Improving N use efficiency in crops is essential for increasing agricultural productivity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping maize with leguminous green manure on grain yield and N utilization under reduced N-fertilization conditions.A field experiment with a split-plot design was conducted in northwestern China from 2018 to 2021.The main plots consisted of two cropping systems:maize-common vetch intercropping(IM)and sole maize(SM).The subplots had three N levels:zero N application(N0,0 kg ha^(-1)),a 25%reduction from the traditional chemical N supply(N1,270 kg ha^(-1)),and the traditional chemical N supply(N2,360 kg ha^(-1)).The results showed that the negative effects of N reduction on maize grain yield and N uptake were compensated by intercropping leguminous green manure,and the improvements increased with cultivation years.The integrated system involving maize-leguminous green manure intercropping and a reduced N supply enhanced N translocation from maize vegetative organs to grains and increased the nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities in maize leaves.The supercompensatory effect in maize leaves increased year by year,reaching values of 16.1,21.3,and 25.5%in 2019,2020,and 2021,respectively.These findings suggest that intercropping maize with leguminous green manure under reduced chemical N input can enhance N assimilation and uptake in maize.By using this strategy,chemical fertilizer is effectively replaced by leguminous green manure,thereby improving N use efficiency and maintaining stable yields in the maize-based intercropping system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52306131)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230847)+1 种基金the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52336005)the Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coalfired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission(D2024FK156).
文摘Pressurized oxy-fuel combustion is a next-generation and low-cost carbon capture technology with industrial application potential.This work presents an innovative research exploration-coupling coal pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel combustion technology with energy utilization of poultry manure as a renewable and carbon-neutral fuel,in order to capture CO_(2)and solve the problem of poultry manure treatment simultaneously.In this study,a stable co-combustion of coal and chicken manure in a laboratory-scale pressurized fluidized bed under typical oxy-fuel condition(30%O_(2)/70%CO_(2),i.e.,Oxy-30)is achieved.The key parameters including the combustion pressure(0.1-0.5 MPa)and chicken-manure proportion(0%to 100%)and their impacts on fundamental combustion efficiency,carbon conversion,nitrogen and sulfur pollutant emissions,and residue ash characteristics have been investigated.The result show that pressurization favors an increase in the CO_(2)enrichment concentration and fluidized bed combustion efficiency.During co-combustion under 0.1 and 0.3 MPa,the CO_(2)concentration in the flue gas is the highest when the chicken manure blending ratio(M_(pm))is 25%.Although the NO emissions fluctuate and even increase as Mpm increases,the co-combustion of coal and chicken manure exhibits a synergistic effect in reducing NO conversion rate(XNO).The effect of pressurization on reducing NO emission is significant,XNO at M_(pm)=25%decreasing from 15%to 5%as the pressure(P)increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa.As P increases from 0.1 to 0.5 MPa and Mpm increases from 0%to 50%,the SO_(2) emissions and conversion rates decrease.The self-desulfurization process plays an important role in the reduction of SO_(2) emissions during pressurized oxy-fuel co-combustion.The aim of this work is to advance the development and application of pressurized fluidized bed oxy-fuel co-combustion technology and promote a circular bioeconomy and carbon-free waste management for biomass derived from livestock manure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160524)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1900200)+3 种基金the Industrial Support Project of Educational Committee of Gansu Province,China(2021CYZC-54)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-22-G-12)the Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Program of Gansu Agricultural University,China(GAUfx-04J01)the“Innovation Star”Project of Gansu Province,China(2023CXZX-644)。
文摘The effcacy of integrating green manure in arid irrigation regions to enhance maize yield and nitrogen(N)uptake effciency has been extensively explored.However,limited research has delineated the contribution of green manure N vs.soil N on crop N utilization effciency.This study integrated feld experiments with micro-plot experiments to examine green manure(common vetch)management practices for achieving high maize yield and N uptake.In a micro-plot experiment,^(15)N technology was utilized to label green manure crops.Five treatments were applied in the research methodology:conventional tillage without green manure as the control(CT),tillage with total green manure incorporation(TG),no-tillage with total green manure mulching(NTG),tillage with only root incorporation(T),and no-tillage with removal of aboveground green manure(NT).The results of the micro-plot experiment were consistent with those observed in the feld,demonstrating that the utilization of green manure substantially increased maize yield and nitrogen uptake effciency(NUPE)compared to CT.In particular,under NTG,N uptake by maize from green manure was higher than NT and T,accounting for 59.1%of maize N uptake.Furthermore,applying NTG boosted the NUPE of soil N in maize to 50.7%,higher than TG by 5.5%.Meanwhile,it decreased the proportion of soil N in the maize.The difference between NTG and TG was primarily shown in the maize grains.For N transport in the soil,NTG decreased N loss while increasing soil N retention.Also,it facilitated the mineralization of soil organic N before the fowering stage.In conclusion,adopting no-tillage with total green manure mulching increased N uptake from green manure and the soil and decreased the proportion of soil-derived N in maize.
基金supported by the Special Funds for Scientific and Technological Innovation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BE2022425)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72473124),the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1500404)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Postgraduate Research Innovation Program(Grant No.KYCX24-3785)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China。
文摘Currently,research on the co-application of straw charcoal and organic fertilizer made from livestock and poultry manure remains limited,despite their demonstrated benefits in enhancing soil fertility and improving plant physiological traits.To investigate the effects of straw charcoal on paddy soil,an experiment was conducted in fields with stable soil properties characterized by clay loam texture in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,China,using the rice cultivar Nanjing 5055.
基金Supported by Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(200607010403)National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science&Technology of China(2006BAD04A15)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the sterilization effects on Escherichia coli by adding bacterial inhibitor(CaCN2)during the process of cattle manure composting so as to provide a theoretical basis for cattle manure harmless treatment.[Method] Both experimental groups supplemented with 2.0% bacterial inhibitor and control groups without bacterial inhibitor were cultured under different temperatures(20,30,37,50,60 ℃)to determine the optimal composing temperature.Under 30 ℃,different bacterial inhibitor doses(0,2.0%,2.5%,3.0%)were added into the compost to obtain the optimal bacterial inhibitor addition dose.[Result] 30,50 and 60 ℃ were ideal temperatures for sterilization of E.coli.Under 30 ℃,E.coli couldn't be detected in 2.5% dose group and 3.0% dose group after culture for 48 h,demonstrating no less than 2.5% bacterial inhibitor should be added.[Conclusion] It has an important significance to enhance the sterilization effects on E.coli by adding CaCN2 into cattle manure compost especially in winter.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(201020)Science and Technology Development Fund(2012JM10)~~
文摘Although mass livestock and poultry breeding brought magnificent econom-ic benefits to the society, it made great harm to the environment. By reviewing the current status of environmental pol ution caused by livestock and poultry manure in China, harm-free treatment technology for livestock and poultry manure including fer-tilization technology, feed processing technology and energy technology were elabo-rated so as to address the existing issues in this regard and provide references for resource utilization and eliminating environmental pol ution through modified technical system and environment laws.
