The chemical compositions and microstructures of the armor strips excavated from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum were examined systematically by using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.It was found ...The chemical compositions and microstructures of the armor strips excavated from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum were examined systematically by using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.It was found that the armor strips were made of pure copper.Based on the morphology of α-Cu recrystal grain and copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the armor strips,the manufacturing techniques were proposed as follows:smelting pure copper,casting a lamellar plate,forming the cast ingots into sheets through repeated cold forging combined with annealing heat treatment,and finally cutting the sheets into filaments.Furthermore,through the deformation of copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the strips,the work rate during forging was evaluated and calculated to be close to 75%.展开更多
In the early 18th century,to meet Europe's urgent demand for Jingdezhen's ceramic production techniques,French Jesuit missionary François Xavier d'Entrecolles traveled to Jingdezhen,Jiangxi.While cond...In the early 18th century,to meet Europe's urgent demand for Jingdezhen's ceramic production techniques,French Jesuit missionary François Xavier d'Entrecolles traveled to Jingdezhen,Jiangxi.While conducting missionary work,he thoroughly investigated local porcelain-making techniques.He compiled his findings into two lengthy letters and sent samples of porcelain raw materials to Europe,successfully disseminating Jingdezhen's ceramic artistry to the continent.D'Entrecolles skillfully integrated the protective function of his religious identity,the resource coordination capabilities of political networks,the documentation methods of empirical science,and a localized infiltration strategy,constructing a four-dimensional investigative framework of"missionary integration-observation and interviews-literature review-experimental verification"through Broussonetia papyrifera.These systematic research methods enabled him to comprehensively master Jingdezhen's porcelain technology at the time,establishing him as the pioneer of Western systematic studies on Chinese ceramics and creating a new paradigm of"field research+scientific empiricism"in early cross-cultural technological transmission.展开更多
Vascular stents play an important role in the minimally invasive treatment of vascular diseases,such as vascular stenosis,vascular aneurysm,vascular dissection and vascular atherosclerotic plaque disease.Bare metal st...Vascular stents play an important role in the minimally invasive treatment of vascular diseases,such as vascular stenosis,vascular aneurysm,vascular dissection and vascular atherosclerotic plaque disease.Bare metal stents were initially fabricated;however,the incidence of complications such as thrombosis,inflammation,restenosis,vascular injury,displacement and endoleakage is still high after implantation.To overcome these complications,several strategies for designing functional vascular stents have been carried out.Drug-eluting stents,biodegradable stents and bionic stents were manufactured and investigated.This review aims to comprehensively analyze the vascular diseases suitable for stent implantation treatment,tissue reactions after implantation,the materials and manufacturing techniques used to fabricate vascular stents,the various application scenarios in which they could be used to treat vascular lesions and the development process of vascular stents.Future development trends of vascular stents are expected to prioritize their performance,biocompatibility,and clinical accessibility.The design of vascular stents may be transformed or improved to better fulfill the rehabilitation requirements of vascular disease patients.Finally,various application scenarios may be used to treat vascular or even nonvascular diseases via endovascular access.展开更多
Scaffolds that emulate the architecture of human bone,combined with strong mechanical stability and biocompatibility,are vital for promoting effective bone tissue regeneration.However,most existing bone-mimetic scaffo...Scaffolds that emulate the architecture of human bone,combined with strong mechanical stability and biocompatibility,are vital for promoting effective bone tissue regeneration.However,most existing bone-mimetic scaffolds fall short in reproducing the intricate hierarchical structure of human bone,which restricts their practical application.This study introduces a novel strategy that combines rotational three-dimensional(3D)printing technology and sponge replication technique to fabricate bone-mimetic scaffolds based on composite materials comprising copper-substituted diopside and biphasic calcium phosphate.The scaffolds closely mimic the structure of human bone,featuring both cancellous and cortical bone with Haversian canals.Additionally,the scaffolds exhibit high porosity and transport capacity,while exhibiting compressive strength that is on par with human bone under both axial and lateral loads.Moreover,they demonstrate good biocompatibility and the potential to induce and support osteogenesis and angiogenesis.The scaffolds produced here present a pathway to remediating particularly large bone defects.Given their close resemblance to human bone structure and function,these scaffolds may be well-suited for developing in vitro bone disease models for pharmaceutical testing and various biomedical applications.展开更多
Soumbara is produced in an artisanal way. This product has a relatively strong odor that is not appreciated by some consumers in Côte d'Ivoire. From surveys of women and consumers, the manufacturing techn...Soumbara is produced in an artisanal way. This product has a relatively strong odor that is not appreciated by some consumers in Côte d'Ivoire. From surveys of women and consumers, the manufacturing technique and the motivations for consumption of soumbara were revealed. For the chemical composition, the average water content is 13.33 ± 1.52 g/100 g MF, the average value of the ash content is 4 ± 0 g/100 g MS. The total protein and lipid levels are 16.37 ± 0.71 g/100 g DM and 21.55 ± 0.46 g/100 g DM respectively. Total carbohydrates, starch and total sugars are respectively 44.33 ± 1.46 g/100 g DM, 39.82 ± 32 g/100 g DM and 0.08 ± 0.01 mg glucose /mL. Concerning the phytochemical composition, the total polyphenols and total flavonoids have respectively contents of 2.74 ± 0.01 mg Eq AG mL of extract, and 0.82 ± 0.01 mg Eq Quer/mL of extract. The study notes that the iron and potassium contents are the most important with respectively 344.43 ± 1.20 μg/g and 174.5 ± 2.71 mg/g. The consumption survey revealed that soumbara produced in Côte d’Ivoire is relatively more consumed (55.77%) than that produced in other countries (44.23%). This artisanal product is appreciated for its taste (50.97%) and its therapeutic character (37.5%) in the form of grain (68.27%), powder (23.08%) or paste (8.65%). These data show that soumbara is very rich in nutrients, polyphenols and flavonoids. These results justify the numerous uses of this ingredient, both in food and in traditional medicine.展开更多
As an indispensable branch of wearable electronics,flexible pressure sensors are gaining tremendous attention due to their extensive applications in health monitoring,human-machine interaction,artificial intelligence,...As an indispensable branch of wearable electronics,flexible pressure sensors are gaining tremendous attention due to their extensive applications in health monitoring,human-machine interaction,artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and other fields.In recent years,highly flexible and wearable pressure sensors have been developed using various materials/structures and transduction mechanisms.Morphological engineering of sensing materials at the nanometer and micrometer scales is crucial to obtaining superior sensor performance.This review focuses on the rapid development of morphological engineering technologies for flexible pressure sensors.We discuss different architectures and morphological designs of sensing materials to achieve high performance,including high sensitivity,broad working range,stable sensing,low hysteresis,high transparency,and directional or selective sensing.Additionally,the general fabrication techniques are summarized,including self-assembly,patterning,and auxiliary synthesis methods.Furthermore,we present the emerging applications of high-performing microengineered pressure sensors in healthcare,smart homes,digital sports,security monitoring,and machine learning-enabled computational sensing platform.Finally,the potential challenges and prospects for the future developments of pressure sensors are discussed comprehensively.展开更多
A CO2 laser die-cutting system, which does not need die board any more, is a new technique for manufac-turing packing box. Two optical paths, the galvanometer scanning system and the flying optical system, are used to...A CO2 laser die-cutting system, which does not need die board any more, is a new technique for manufac-turing packing box. Two optical paths, the galvanometer scanning system and the flying optical system, are used to satisfy different processing needs. The scanning system is composed of galvanometer scanning mirrors and F-θ lens. And the flying optical system is driven by two servo motors. This paper presents the software and hardware design of the laser die-cutting system, the difference between the two optical paths, as well as the relationship among the cutting speed, thickness of wrapping paper and laser power. The cutting speed and thickness of wrapping paper are linearly increased by the incremental laser power, while the cutting speed is hyperbolically decreased by the incremental thickness of wrapping paper when the laser power is constant. The amount of incision is reduced by 20% and the processing time by 40% when tested by a low power RF CO2 laser die-cutting system using the optimized program. This tech- nique is also used for the reference of other rapid laser processing systems.展开更多
Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety c...Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety coefficient of the middle saddle, and improve the stress conditions of the middle pylon and decrease the deflection in the middle of the main girder, as well as the longitudinal displacement of the main girder caused by live loads. The anchorage boxes of the elastic cable are installed in the wind fairing outside the vertical web plate of the box girder. Two anchor boxes form a pair and are arranged parallelly. Eight anchor boxes are installed in the bridge. In this paper, the design scheme and the technical difficulties in manufacturing are briefly discussed with the precision control techniques.展开更多
This paper advances the viewpoints and methods of the rapid sample product trial manufacture technique for developing water meter new products by CAD and simulation, computer virtual assembling and optimizing, rapid m...This paper advances the viewpoints and methods of the rapid sample product trial manufacture technique for developing water meter new products by CAD and simulation, computer virtual assembling and optimizing, rapid machining process and measurement etc. as the design and sample product trial manufacture process of water meter new products are long in product development period, and low in product development efficiency in the present time.展开更多
Using ground granulated blast furnace slag as the active stuff of high performance concrete (HPC), the C60 SHPC was prepared. The behaviour of the C60 SHPC and its application in the Car Parking Building of Beijing C...Using ground granulated blast furnace slag as the active stuff of high performance concrete (HPC), the C60 SHPC was prepared. The behaviour of the C60 SHPC and its application in the Car Parking Building of Beijing Capital International Airport were described. Also, the manufacturing techniques of reducing cement consumption, lowering hydration heat, minimizing shrinkage cracks and improving durability of the C60 SHPC were discussed. (Author abstract) 3 Refs.展开更多
The cutting process of electroplated diamond wire saw was researched on the basis of impulse and vibration machining theories. The different contact states in the cutting process were analyzed by using the finite elem...The cutting process of electroplated diamond wire saw was researched on the basis of impulse and vibration machining theories. The different contact states in the cutting process were analyzed by using the finite element method. It shows that the cutting stress is uniformly distributed along the direction of the workpiece width in the steady state. A mathematical equation of sawing trajectory was established by using the superposition principle and the cutting experiment of wire saw to calculate the cutting trajectory. The comparison of the theoretical trajectory with the calculated one indicates that the error is less than 15%. The research results provide a theoretic basis for optimization of the saw's cutting process parameters.展开更多
Multi-photon polymerization is a well-established,yet actively developing,additive manufacturing technique for 3D printing on the micro/nanoscale.Like all additive manufacturing techniques,determining the process para...Multi-photon polymerization is a well-established,yet actively developing,additive manufacturing technique for 3D printing on the micro/nanoscale.Like all additive manufacturing techniques,determining the process parameters necessary to achieve dimensional accuracy for a structure 3D printed using this method is not always straightforward and can require time-consuming experimentation.In this work,an active machine learning based framework is presented for determining optimal process parameters for the recently developed,high-speed,layer-by-layer continuous projection 3D printing process.The proposed active learning framework uses Bayesian optimization to inform optimal experimentation in order to adaptively collect the most informative data for effective training of a Gaussian-process-regression-based machine learning model.This model then serves as a surrogate for the manufacturing process:predicting optimal process parameters for achieving a target geometry,e.g,the 2D geometry of each printed layer.Three representative 2D shapes at three different scales are used as test cases.In each case,the active learning framework improves the geometric accuracy,with drastic reductions of the errors to within the measurement accuracy in just four iterations of the Bayesian optimization using only a few hundred of total training data.The case studies indicate that the active learning framework developed in this work can be broadly applied to other additive manufacturing processes to increase accuracy with significantly reduced experimental data collection effortforoptimization.展开更多
Xing kiln was a famous kiln site in Northern China in ancient times for its white porcelain production.Xing kiln was prosperous in Sui and Tang dynasties and declined in Five dynasties.Archaeologists think that Xing k...Xing kiln was a famous kiln site in Northern China in ancient times for its white porcelain production.Xing kiln was prosperous in Sui and Tang dynasties and declined in Five dynasties.Archaeologists think that Xing kiln of Jin dynasty belonged to Ding kiln genre because of the similar decoration style.In this study,about 470 porcelain shards unearthed from Xing kiln site in Hebei province were analyzed in terms of chemical compositions,firing temperatures,whiteness and physical properties to systemically investigate the technology evolution regularity of Xing kiln from Sui dynasty to Jin dynasty for the first time from science and technology angle,which is also very important to supplement the ancient ceramic history of science and technology in China.展开更多
With sustainable development of biotechnology,increasing attention has been placed on utilization of solid-state fermented feed(SFF).Solid-state fermented feed has been a candidate strategy to alleviate the contradict...With sustainable development of biotechnology,increasing attention has been placed on utilization of solid-state fermented feed(SFF).Solid-state fermented feed has been a candidate strategy to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of feed resources,ensure food hygiene safety,promoting energy conservation,and emission reduction.In production of SFF,a variety of organic acids,enzymes,vitamins,peptides,and other unknown growth factors are produced,which could affect performance of animals.Solid-state fermented feed produced by different fermentation techniques has great instability on different physiological stages of different animals,which hinders the application and standardized production of SFF.Herein,we summarize the current advances in the role of the characteristics of SFF prepared by different manufacturing technique and its research progress in animal experiments on growth performance,gastrointestinal ecology,and immune system,so as to provide references for further acquiring a relatively perfect set of SFF production and evaluation systems.展开更多
文摘The chemical compositions and microstructures of the armor strips excavated from the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum were examined systematically by using optical microscopy and electron microscopy.It was found that the armor strips were made of pure copper.Based on the morphology of α-Cu recrystal grain and copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the armor strips,the manufacturing techniques were proposed as follows:smelting pure copper,casting a lamellar plate,forming the cast ingots into sheets through repeated cold forging combined with annealing heat treatment,and finally cutting the sheets into filaments.Furthermore,through the deformation of copper sulphide(Cu2S) inclusions in the strips,the work rate during forging was evaluated and calculated to be close to 75%.
文摘In the early 18th century,to meet Europe's urgent demand for Jingdezhen's ceramic production techniques,French Jesuit missionary François Xavier d'Entrecolles traveled to Jingdezhen,Jiangxi.While conducting missionary work,he thoroughly investigated local porcelain-making techniques.He compiled his findings into two lengthy letters and sent samples of porcelain raw materials to Europe,successfully disseminating Jingdezhen's ceramic artistry to the continent.D'Entrecolles skillfully integrated the protective function of his religious identity,the resource coordination capabilities of political networks,the documentation methods of empirical science,and a localized infiltration strategy,constructing a four-dimensional investigative framework of"missionary integration-observation and interviews-literature review-experimental verification"through Broussonetia papyrifera.These systematic research methods enabled him to comprehensively master Jingdezhen's porcelain technology at the time,establishing him as the pioneer of Western systematic studies on Chinese ceramics and creating a new paradigm of"field research+scientific empiricism"in early cross-cultural technological transmission.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31930067)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.23NSFSC5880)+2 种基金Chengdu Medical Research Project(No.2022004)Natural Science Foundation of Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University(No.Y202206)Postdoctoral Research and Development Fund of West China Hospital,Sichuan University(No.2023HXBH052).
文摘Vascular stents play an important role in the minimally invasive treatment of vascular diseases,such as vascular stenosis,vascular aneurysm,vascular dissection and vascular atherosclerotic plaque disease.Bare metal stents were initially fabricated;however,the incidence of complications such as thrombosis,inflammation,restenosis,vascular injury,displacement and endoleakage is still high after implantation.To overcome these complications,several strategies for designing functional vascular stents have been carried out.Drug-eluting stents,biodegradable stents and bionic stents were manufactured and investigated.This review aims to comprehensively analyze the vascular diseases suitable for stent implantation treatment,tissue reactions after implantation,the materials and manufacturing techniques used to fabricate vascular stents,the various application scenarios in which they could be used to treat vascular lesions and the development process of vascular stents.Future development trends of vascular stents are expected to prioritize their performance,biocompatibility,and clinical accessibility.The design of vascular stents may be transformed or improved to better fulfill the rehabilitation requirements of vascular disease patients.Finally,various application scenarios may be used to treat vascular or even nonvascular diseases via endovascular access.
文摘Scaffolds that emulate the architecture of human bone,combined with strong mechanical stability and biocompatibility,are vital for promoting effective bone tissue regeneration.However,most existing bone-mimetic scaffolds fall short in reproducing the intricate hierarchical structure of human bone,which restricts their practical application.This study introduces a novel strategy that combines rotational three-dimensional(3D)printing technology and sponge replication technique to fabricate bone-mimetic scaffolds based on composite materials comprising copper-substituted diopside and biphasic calcium phosphate.The scaffolds closely mimic the structure of human bone,featuring both cancellous and cortical bone with Haversian canals.Additionally,the scaffolds exhibit high porosity and transport capacity,while exhibiting compressive strength that is on par with human bone under both axial and lateral loads.Moreover,they demonstrate good biocompatibility and the potential to induce and support osteogenesis and angiogenesis.The scaffolds produced here present a pathway to remediating particularly large bone defects.Given their close resemblance to human bone structure and function,these scaffolds may be well-suited for developing in vitro bone disease models for pharmaceutical testing and various biomedical applications.
文摘Soumbara is produced in an artisanal way. This product has a relatively strong odor that is not appreciated by some consumers in Côte d'Ivoire. From surveys of women and consumers, the manufacturing technique and the motivations for consumption of soumbara were revealed. For the chemical composition, the average water content is 13.33 ± 1.52 g/100 g MF, the average value of the ash content is 4 ± 0 g/100 g MS. The total protein and lipid levels are 16.37 ± 0.71 g/100 g DM and 21.55 ± 0.46 g/100 g DM respectively. Total carbohydrates, starch and total sugars are respectively 44.33 ± 1.46 g/100 g DM, 39.82 ± 32 g/100 g DM and 0.08 ± 0.01 mg glucose /mL. Concerning the phytochemical composition, the total polyphenols and total flavonoids have respectively contents of 2.74 ± 0.01 mg Eq AG mL of extract, and 0.82 ± 0.01 mg Eq Quer/mL of extract. The study notes that the iron and potassium contents are the most important with respectively 344.43 ± 1.20 μg/g and 174.5 ± 2.71 mg/g. The consumption survey revealed that soumbara produced in Côte d’Ivoire is relatively more consumed (55.77%) than that produced in other countries (44.23%). This artisanal product is appreciated for its taste (50.97%) and its therapeutic character (37.5%) in the form of grain (68.27%), powder (23.08%) or paste (8.65%). These data show that soumbara is very rich in nutrients, polyphenols and flavonoids. These results justify the numerous uses of this ingredient, both in food and in traditional medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52003253 and 52103308)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M672283).
文摘As an indispensable branch of wearable electronics,flexible pressure sensors are gaining tremendous attention due to their extensive applications in health monitoring,human-machine interaction,artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and other fields.In recent years,highly flexible and wearable pressure sensors have been developed using various materials/structures and transduction mechanisms.Morphological engineering of sensing materials at the nanometer and micrometer scales is crucial to obtaining superior sensor performance.This review focuses on the rapid development of morphological engineering technologies for flexible pressure sensors.We discuss different architectures and morphological designs of sensing materials to achieve high performance,including high sensitivity,broad working range,stable sensing,low hysteresis,high transparency,and directional or selective sensing.Additionally,the general fabrication techniques are summarized,including self-assembly,patterning,and auxiliary synthesis methods.Furthermore,we present the emerging applications of high-performing microengineered pressure sensors in healthcare,smart homes,digital sports,security monitoring,and machine learning-enabled computational sensing platform.Finally,the potential challenges and prospects for the future developments of pressure sensors are discussed comprehensively.
基金Supported by by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China ("973" Program, No. 2010CB327800)
文摘A CO2 laser die-cutting system, which does not need die board any more, is a new technique for manufac-turing packing box. Two optical paths, the galvanometer scanning system and the flying optical system, are used to satisfy different processing needs. The scanning system is composed of galvanometer scanning mirrors and F-θ lens. And the flying optical system is driven by two servo motors. This paper presents the software and hardware design of the laser die-cutting system, the difference between the two optical paths, as well as the relationship among the cutting speed, thickness of wrapping paper and laser power. The cutting speed and thickness of wrapping paper are linearly increased by the incremental laser power, while the cutting speed is hyperbolically decreased by the incremental thickness of wrapping paper when the laser power is constant. The amount of incision is reduced by 20% and the processing time by 40% when tested by a low power RF CO2 laser die-cutting system using the optimized program. This tech- nique is also used for the reference of other rapid laser processing systems.
基金National Science and Technology Support Program of China ( No. 2009BAG15B02)
文摘Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety coefficient of the middle saddle, and improve the stress conditions of the middle pylon and decrease the deflection in the middle of the main girder, as well as the longitudinal displacement of the main girder caused by live loads. The anchorage boxes of the elastic cable are installed in the wind fairing outside the vertical web plate of the box girder. Two anchor boxes form a pair and are arranged parallelly. Eight anchor boxes are installed in the bridge. In this paper, the design scheme and the technical difficulties in manufacturing are briefly discussed with the precision control techniques.
文摘This paper advances the viewpoints and methods of the rapid sample product trial manufacture technique for developing water meter new products by CAD and simulation, computer virtual assembling and optimizing, rapid machining process and measurement etc. as the design and sample product trial manufacture process of water meter new products are long in product development period, and low in product development efficiency in the present time.
文摘Using ground granulated blast furnace slag as the active stuff of high performance concrete (HPC), the C60 SHPC was prepared. The behaviour of the C60 SHPC and its application in the Car Parking Building of Beijing Capital International Airport were described. Also, the manufacturing techniques of reducing cement consumption, lowering hydration heat, minimizing shrinkage cracks and improving durability of the C60 SHPC were discussed. (Author abstract) 3 Refs.
基金Sponsored by Innovation team item fund of Liaoning Province ( 2008T164)
文摘The cutting process of electroplated diamond wire saw was researched on the basis of impulse and vibration machining theories. The different contact states in the cutting process were analyzed by using the finite element method. It shows that the cutting stress is uniformly distributed along the direction of the workpiece width in the steady state. A mathematical equation of sawing trajectory was established by using the superposition principle and the cutting experiment of wire saw to calculate the cutting trajectory. The comparison of the theoretical trajectory with the calculated one indicates that the error is less than 15%. The research results provide a theoretic basis for optimization of the saw's cutting process parameters.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(NSF)through grant numbers CMMI-2135585 and CMMI-2229143J.EJ.acknowledges the National Science Foundation for support under the Graduate Research Fellowship Program(GRFP)under grant number DGE-1842166.
文摘Multi-photon polymerization is a well-established,yet actively developing,additive manufacturing technique for 3D printing on the micro/nanoscale.Like all additive manufacturing techniques,determining the process parameters necessary to achieve dimensional accuracy for a structure 3D printed using this method is not always straightforward and can require time-consuming experimentation.In this work,an active machine learning based framework is presented for determining optimal process parameters for the recently developed,high-speed,layer-by-layer continuous projection 3D printing process.The proposed active learning framework uses Bayesian optimization to inform optimal experimentation in order to adaptively collect the most informative data for effective training of a Gaussian-process-regression-based machine learning model.This model then serves as a surrogate for the manufacturing process:predicting optimal process parameters for achieving a target geometry,e.g,the 2D geometry of each printed layer.Three representative 2D shapes at three different scales are used as test cases.In each case,the active learning framework improves the geometric accuracy,with drastic reductions of the errors to within the measurement accuracy in just four iterations of the Bayesian optimization using only a few hundred of total training data.The case studies indicate that the active learning framework developed in this work can be broadly applied to other additive manufacturing processes to increase accuracy with significantly reduced experimental data collection effortforoptimization.
基金supported by the "Compass Project" of State Cultural Relic Bureau (Grant No. 20100301)the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No. 2012CB720901)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51072220)the Special Fund for Scientific Research on Quality Verification in the Public Interest (Grant No. 201110243)
文摘Xing kiln was a famous kiln site in Northern China in ancient times for its white porcelain production.Xing kiln was prosperous in Sui and Tang dynasties and declined in Five dynasties.Archaeologists think that Xing kiln of Jin dynasty belonged to Ding kiln genre because of the similar decoration style.In this study,about 470 porcelain shards unearthed from Xing kiln site in Hebei province were analyzed in terms of chemical compositions,firing temperatures,whiteness and physical properties to systemically investigate the technology evolution regularity of Xing kiln from Sui dynasty to Jin dynasty for the first time from science and technology angle,which is also very important to supplement the ancient ceramic history of science and technology in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U180220167)the Beijing Swine Innovation Team of Modern Agriculture Industry Technological System。
文摘With sustainable development of biotechnology,increasing attention has been placed on utilization of solid-state fermented feed(SFF).Solid-state fermented feed has been a candidate strategy to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of feed resources,ensure food hygiene safety,promoting energy conservation,and emission reduction.In production of SFF,a variety of organic acids,enzymes,vitamins,peptides,and other unknown growth factors are produced,which could affect performance of animals.Solid-state fermented feed produced by different fermentation techniques has great instability on different physiological stages of different animals,which hinders the application and standardized production of SFF.Herein,we summarize the current advances in the role of the characteristics of SFF prepared by different manufacturing technique and its research progress in animal experiments on growth performance,gastrointestinal ecology,and immune system,so as to provide references for further acquiring a relatively perfect set of SFF production and evaluation systems.
