China attempts to achieve energy conservation,emission reduction and environmental protection through the implementation of the green credit policy,but its implementation impact is still controversial.An important con...China attempts to achieve energy conservation,emission reduction and environmental protection through the implementation of the green credit policy,but its implementation impact is still controversial.An important content of the green credit policy is to require banking and financial institutions to tighten the credit exposure of industries of‘high pollution and high energy consumption’and industries with overcapacity,so as to use economic leverage to curb their blind expansion and reduce energy consumption by controlling external financing.This paper examined the impact and the lingering effects of the green credit policy on external financing,economic growth and energy consumption in the manufacturing industry,which was most influenced by the green credit policy,from 2003 to 2016 by using the DID method.Furthermore,this paper estimated the dynamic endogenous relationships among external financing,economic growth and energy consumption with two-step system GMM model to investigate the influential path of the green credit policy.The results showed that:the green credit policy had a significant negative impact on the external financing of manufacturing industry,but its negative impact on the economic growth and energy consumption of manufacturing industry was not statistically significant,and the effect of the green credit policy had a dynamic feature of weakening with time.Additionally,in the manufacturing industry,there was a bilateral causal relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth of the control group industry and the processing group industry.There was a bilateral causal relationship between the economic growth and external financing of the control group industries in the manufacturing industry.There was a unilateral causal relationship between the economic growth and external financing of the processing group industries in the manufacturing industry,while the external causality existed between the control group industries and the processing group industries in the manufacturing industry.The causal relationship between the financing and energy consumption was not statistically significant.At present,the transmission path of the green credit policy is that the green credit policy controls external financing,then affects economic growth and ultimately inhibits energy consumption,but the effectiveness of the path is not statistically significant.The conclusion of this paper provides policy reference and scientific basis for the adjustment and improvement of green credit.展开更多
It is critical for the recovery of manufacturing industry against COVID-19 by analyzing its impact from supply chain perspective and exploring corresponding countermeasures.Firstly,this paper studies the initial impac...It is critical for the recovery of manufacturing industry against COVID-19 by analyzing its impact from supply chain perspective and exploring corresponding countermeasures.Firstly,this paper studies the initial impact caused by worldwide spread of the coronavirus,such as production disruption of raw material and spare parts,unsatisfied market demand due to setbacks in logistics,increasing bankruptcy risk for small and mediumsized enterprises(SMEs),and demand fluctuation enlargement.Secondly,the aftershock of COVID-19 is analyzed.With the trend of regionalization and digitalization,two-step countermeasures are proposed to help the recovery of manufacturing industry within the pandemic and better prepare for the post-COVID-19 world from supply chain perspective.展开更多
In recent years,carbon emissions have gradually evolved from an environment issue into a political and economic one.Carbon tariff has brought about new trade barriers of developed countries,and in order to enhance the...In recent years,carbon emissions have gradually evolved from an environment issue into a political and economic one.Carbon tariff has brought about new trade barriers of developed countries,and in order to enhance the industrial competitiveness of developed countries,it will produce unfavorable impact on developing countries.Concentrated on the manufacturing industry,which is the most intensive high-carbon industry in China's export structure,this article studies the relationship between carbon tariff policy and industry structure of export trade and builds up a relation between climate change and international trade.First,by means of establishing a partial equilibrium model,it applies geometric analysis and mathematical analysis to compute the impact on China's manufacturing export trade and the consequences of the introduction of the US carbon tariff to China's manufacturing industry that has already imposed a domestic shipping carbon tax.Furthermore,with the application of the GTAP model,it estimates the overall economic and welfare effects on China's manufacturing industry if the US and Europe introduce carbon tariff by means of four ways,and then analyzes the influence on China's manufacturing industry export structure and social welfare as well.The result shows that the introduction of the US carbon import tariff lowers China's export price and export volume,and the implementation of a domestic carbon tax justifies a higher export price and a lower export volume for China.However,the degree of export reduction is smaller than that under the effect of the US carbon tariff.In the case of developed countries imposing carbon tariff on China's energy-intensive industries,such as chemical rubber products,oil and coal-processing industry and paper industry,whose export would be reduced,the negative impact on the paper industry is the severest,which will decrease the paper industry's export ranging from 1.79%to 6.05%,whereas the other industries' export will increase.Anyhow,it will promote China's manufacturing industry to adjust the export structure to a certain extent.In addition,it will lead to a decrease in China's welfare,with a decrease between $2,134 billion and $8,347 billion.Finally,this paper provides information on international coordination,export structure adjustment and green manufacturing adjustment as a reference for the development of China's manufacturing industry.展开更多
As a form of consumption based on the digital content and traits of goods and services,digital consumption is characterized by a strong dependence on the digital technology infrastructure,precise identification of con...As a form of consumption based on the digital content and traits of goods and services,digital consumption is characterized by a strong dependence on the digital technology infrastructure,precise identification of consumer demand,adaptability to new business modes,swift consumer feedback and response,and great market potentials.Under the dual driving forces of technology empowerment and consumption upgrade,China s digital consumption has been growing rapidly,digitalization is empowering traditional sectors of consumption,and the consumption of digital content is expanding.Consumer potential for digital consumption is being unleashed in low-tier cities,and new-generation consumers are gaining influence.With an increasing number of digital consumers,new consumption modes and services have proliferated thanks to the improving digital infrastructure.Growing digital consumption has created an increasing demand-pulling effect that spurs product and service innovation,corporate internal process digitalization,and changes in corporate organization and decision-making.Driven by digital consumption,industrial chain upgrade and restructuring and business mode innovations will improve user experience and firm efficiency,contributing to the quality,efficiency,and dynamism of the manufacturing industry.Amid surging digital consumption,the digital transition of manufacturing is still faced with some problems and challenges.It is important to deepen the user-centric concepts and modes of value creation,create a differentiated service system,optimize digital resource allocation,enhance digital brand management,and scale up R&D and innovation of products and services.展开更多
Factory-level data from 23 provinces and some national statistical data in cement manufacturing industry and socio-economies in 2012 are used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China＇s cement manuf...Factory-level data from 23 provinces and some national statistical data in cement manufacturing industry and socio-economies in 2012 are used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China＇s cement manufacturing industry by the Extended Exergy Accounting method. This method takes full account of the inclusion of energy and raw material supply and other external factors （capital, labor and environment） into a comprehensive resource cost assessment. The extended exergy consumption and its intensity quantitatively at the provincial levels of cement production were calculated and then the agglomeration level of exergy use at the regional level was also evaluated. Based on this analysis, their spatial difference in size and efficiency of exergy use at the provincial level were identified. Moreover, their regional characteristics were revealed. Some important results could be drawn as follows. First, the invisible social cost accounted for 1/10 of the total exergy use in cement manufacturing industry, while the energy element shared about 9/10. Second, the gross distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry was mainly concentrated in the eastern region like Anhui and Shandong provinces, and in the western region like Sichuan province. In terms of exergy use, the coal and electricity were the highest of energy costs in the eastern region, whereas the cost of capital, labor and external environmental factors highlighted the invisible social cost for cement production in the central and western regions to some extent. Third, the efficiency distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry illustrated an incremental feature from west to east, especially for the energy, labor and capital efficiencies. An evaluation on the environmental efficiency indicated that provinces or regions like Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi have undertaken much higher environmental costs. Fourth, the 23 provinces could be classified into eight groups by the Euclidean distance model using the gross and efficiency results of exergy use. Fifth, the high industry concentration degree is the main driving factor of exergy efficiency improvement for cement manufacturing industry in China.展开更多
Under the new normal economy, the manufacturing industry is developing rapidly as the focus of economic development in Jiangsu. Its rapid development has brought great opportunities to our society, but at the same tim...Under the new normal economy, the manufacturing industry is developing rapidly as the focus of economic development in Jiangsu. Its rapid development has brought great opportunities to our society, but at the same time, great challenges has been brought to the natural environment. The resource consumption and environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. In the face of this situation, we must try every means to reduce pollution and save energy. Therefore, the transition trend of manufacturing industry in the future is bound to take the green economy as the background. Thus, this paper analyzes the drawbacks of the manufacturing industry in Jiangsu province. And the status of traditional manufacturing enterprises and advantages of green manufacturing are analyzed. Then, the paper proposed to explore the practice of green manufacturing mode for the ecological protection, so as to achieve the industrial transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in Jiangsu province.展开更多
Sub-prime lending crisis has become an international fi nancial crisis, which is evolving into an economic recession sweeping across the West. Financial crisis leads to the demand reduction in western countries, and a...Sub-prime lending crisis has become an international fi nancial crisis, which is evolving into an economic recession sweeping across the West. Financial crisis leads to the demand reduction in western countries, and as the largest manufacturing country, China must face overproduction. The role of China as "world factory" determines that fi nancial crisis will severely attack Chinese manufacturing industry. The unsustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects: heavy dependence on export, low-level manufacturing link, lack of modern service industry and high-tech industry, weak independent innovative ability, unsustainable exploration of heavy-pollution resources, and lack of international famous brands. How to transform crisis to opportunities is an urgent research topic. Under the circumstance of financial crisis, Chinese manufacturing industry has more external drives to change the current situation. Therefore, financial crisis becomes not only an opportunity for Chinese manufacturing industry to improve itself based on the existing accumulation but also a chance for China to transform from "world factory" into a powerful nation of manufacturing industry in the world.展开更多
With the development of information and communications technology,the sharing economy grows dramatically.For example,the transaction value in China’s sharing economy was about 42942 billion RMB in 2018,increased of 4...With the development of information and communications technology,the sharing economy grows dramatically.For example,the transaction value in China’s sharing economy was about 42942 billion RMB in 2018,increased of 41.6%over the previous year.Critique of the sharing economy points that the presence of the sharing economy prevents its traditional counterpart from developing sustainably by creating unemployment in traditional industries related to the sharing economy.This paper is therefore to study the dual effect of the sharing economy on the restructuring the manufacturing industry and the development of career path.By constructing an economic model,we particularly investigate the change in the labor market structure due to the presence of the sharing economy and the welfare in such a case.We show that the presence of the sharing economy can bring two effects,i.e.,DIVERSIFICATION and INCLUSIVENESS,into the workplace,which enriches the job structure and allows more labor with relative low skills to join.Regardless of the labor skill,the rapid development of the sharing economy provides new paths for their career development.In addition,we demonstrate that the above two effects crucially rely on the characteristic of CORRECTNESS of the government’s policy.The results of the theoretical model explain the necessary of promoting moderate sharing economy in terms of career development and can also be applied in the traditional manufacturing industry to explain the effect of the sharing economy on such industry.展开更多
Based on panel data from 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2022,and grounded in theoretical analysis,this paper constructs a benchmark regression model,a mediating effect model,and a heterogeneity test for e...Based on panel data from 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2022,and grounded in theoretical analysis,this paper constructs a benchmark regression model,a mediating effect model,and a heterogeneity test for empirical analysis.The results show that:(1)the digital economy has a significant positive effect on promoting the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Shandong Province;(2)the digital economy can drive the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry through technological innovation;and(3)the impact of the digital economy on the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Shandong Province is evidently heterogeneous.展开更多
This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansfe...This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansference not only domestic transference. On one hand, the TNCs make cross-inv estments, transnational merger & acquisition so as to achieve the optimum colloc ation of R&D resources, and obtain innovation in knowledge and technology. On th e other hand, the developed countries transfer labor and resource intensive indu stry as well as the labor-intensive link of the production chain in highly tech nology industry to the developing countries, to make their industrial structure escalation. (2) The adjustment and upgrade of manufacturing industry presents "m ulti-step type". First, the object of international transference substitutes th e capital-intensive industry and maturing industry with complicate technique fo r the industry with labor-intensive, simple technique or higher pollution, or s ubstitutes non-core complex technological procedure and parts and components fo r assembly in manufacturing process. Secondly, technology transference forms "br ain-hand and foot" pattern, i.e. the developed countries are increasingly p aying more and more attention to the research and control of core technology, th us transferring simple technique and labor-intensive procedure in higher scienc e and technology. Thirdly, the developed countries begins to transfer both capit al and technology intensive production, as well as transfer certain procedures i n higher technology production process to a few developing countries, even t o transfer parts of R & D to developing countries. (3) TNCs promote the global m anufacturing network (GMN) by recombination and transfer. TNCs organize producti on, trade, technological research and transference through foreign direct invest ment (FDI) all over the world, as a result, GMN makes the national competence no longer depend on absolute occupation of certain industries, but on national com prehensive strength and comparative superiority. TNCs try to race to seize the h igher location of industrial value chain, only leaving the core technology and h igher value-added chains in mother countries, on the other hand, they transfer lower manufacturing power more and more to other countries. (4) TNCs transfer th eir domestic manufacturing bases abroad, China would become world- manufacturin g center. Chinese market is increasingly arousing foreign investor’s interest, " Made in China" will be a synonym of manufacturing industry in new century, subst ituting for "Made in U.S.", "Made in Japanese" and "Made in Europe". The Chinese manufacturing industry should hold tightly the opportunity to melt into the wor ldwide recombination and transfer and enter GMN, so as to accomplish leaping dev elopment.展开更多
In order to explore the characteristics and development strategies of Chinese manufacturing production system, the grey forecasting model GM( 1,1) and the grey verhulst dynamic model were built firstly. The prediction...In order to explore the characteristics and development strategies of Chinese manufacturing production system, the grey forecasting model GM( 1,1) and the grey verhulst dynamic model were built firstly. The prediction results show that Chinese manufacturing productivity would reach $ 32 806 per person in 2018,which indicates rapid development and lays the foundation for China to become the world's manufacturing power since the reform and opening up. However, it is predicted that Chinese manufacturing productivity would peak in 2018 based on the grey verhulst dynamic model,which reveals the resource configuration mode of Chinese manufacturing system could not prop up its increasing manufacturing capability. Furthermore the main reasons of this phenomenon were explored,which could be summarized as the lack of accumulation,integration of industrial engineering( IE)and information technology( IT), promoting mechanism of IE application as well as integration model of management innovation and technology innovation,etc. Finally,a series of strategies based on IE theory to solve these problems were given. This study provides an effective way to deal with the challenges and opportunities facing the Chinese manufacturing industry,meanwhile,it may contribute to the theoretical system of IE.展开更多
This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s...This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s. Change is inevitable which constantly creates new demands on both engineers a nd the educational system. These demands are consistent with the economic, cultu ral, and social evolution, which finally influence the end technology. In parall el, the change in industrial heating is imminent due to the rises in the cost of fossil fuel and the environmental considerations. Microwave processing offers t he process industry an alternative with some distinct advantages.展开更多
The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industri...The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industrial transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing in the eastern,central,and western regions since the policy of large-scale development of western China was implemented.We measured the total factor productivity(TFP)of western China using the DEAMalmquist index method.We conducted a regression analysis to measure the effect of western China’s undertaking of the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry.The findings of this study show that during 2000–2019,eleven provinces(as well as autonomous regions and municipalities)in western China undertook the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry from the eastern and central regions to varying degrees,exhibiting significant phase features regarding the rate and scale of transfers.Further investigation also demonstrated that the transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing industries has a U-shaped enabling effect on TFP in western China with the scale effect greater than the technology effect.Therefore,it is necessary to transition from“extensive industrial transfer”at the cost of the labor force,land,and resources to“modern industrial transfer”featured by technology and efficiency improvements to contribute to industrial restructuring in western China effectively.展开更多
The aim is to examine how the creative sectors and professionals contribute to the manufacturing industry and agribusiness in the new era of globalization.Creative sectors can develop innovations and experiences as pa...The aim is to examine how the creative sectors and professionals contribute to the manufacturing industry and agribusiness in the new era of globalization.Creative sectors can develop innovations and experiences as part of their own activities,as well as procedures,technologies,and routines in business models,which increase the efficiency or the quality of the results.Creative professionals can support innovation and the generation of experiences.展开更多
The paper analyses and researches the contribution degrees of Hubei equipment manufacturing industry to the national economy. Using econometric methods, it carries out regression and empirical research, and finds that...The paper analyses and researches the contribution degrees of Hubei equipment manufacturing industry to the national economy. Using econometric methods, it carries out regression and empirical research, and finds that the contributions of Hubei equipment manufacturing industry to the national economy is very obvious in recent years, however there is plenty of room for development.展开更多
The manufacturing sector in China has surpassed that of the United States in terms of scale.Yet it still suffers from the shocks of an international economic downturn,the lack of core technologies,and the impact of &q...The manufacturing sector in China has surpassed that of the United States in terms of scale.Yet it still suffers from the shocks of an international economic downturn,the lack of core technologies,and the impact of "re-industrialization" of the developed economies.Based on an evaluation of the "smiling curve" theory and selected trade data from 1991 to 2011,this paper performs a comparative analysis of the differences between the manufacturing sectors of China and those of the traditional manufacturing powers in terms of product categories and architecture.This analysis is conducted in order to explore the question of whether China should transition from being the "world's manufacturing plant" to both ends of the "smiling curve".The paper then introduces Japan's "inverted smiling curve " to explore whether profit margins remain in the manufacturing sector.Research shows that China's manufacturing capacity,especially its "integrated" product assembly capacity,has not been fully realized,and that the development of the manufacturing sector can still yield high market returns.As a result,it is necessary for China to continue the path of being the "world's manufacturing plant".展开更多
Nowadays,China has become the country that introduces the largest amount of foreign capital.Up to June 2008,the accumulative total number of foreign- invested enterprises in China is over 632 thousand:the total amount...Nowadays,China has become the country that introduces the largest amount of foreign capital.Up to June 2008,the accumulative total number of foreign- invested enterprises in China is over 632 thousand:the total amount of actual use of foreign capital is over US$582 billion.There are over 400 multination- als of top 500 investing in China,30 of which set up regional headquarters。展开更多
The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res ma...The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res major changes to take place in the operation of the enterprises in order to enhance their competitiveness and therefore the chance of success in the restruc turing process. It is suggested that the strategy of going for high value-added products and related services together with the practice of "focused factory" s hould be adopted by the SMEs in the industry. Effective change management by the top managers and owners in the SMEs is an underpinning element for the success. Basing upon the characteristics of the SMEs in the industry, a model of change is proposed. The roles that should be played by the top management and owners in the industry are suggested and discussed. It is believe that the proposal and s uggestions made would help the industry to effectively manage the changes that a re necessary for the industry to shape the competitiveness of the industry in th e world arena in future.展开更多
Along with the development oflntemet plus and information technology, the future industrial pattern will appear new change. The Internet represents a new economic model, and it uses the results of the development of t...Along with the development oflntemet plus and information technology, the future industrial pattern will appear new change. The Internet represents a new economic model, and it uses the results of the development of the developed communication technology and the Internet platform with the existing various areas of known and unknown fields of social and economic to integration depth, giving full play to the advantages of integration, enhancing the innovation ability of the economic and the production adaptability, to create more new opportunities, thus forming a sustainable excellent ecosystem.展开更多
With a long industrial chain and a powerful ability to drive other industries,the automobile manufacturing industry has a prominent strategic position in the national economy.In recent years,many countries have put on...With a long industrial chain and a powerful ability to drive other industries,the automobile manufacturing industry has a prominent strategic position in the national economy.In recent years,many countries have put on their agenda the digitalization of the automobile manufacturing industry,leading to an connected,autonomous,shared,and electric(also known as CASE)①development trend in the industry.As one of the six major automobile industry clusters in China,the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle has achieved initial results in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry.However,the region is still faced with some constraints,such as insufficient digital infrastructure,relatively slow development of new automobile products,insufficient innovation ability of the automobile industry,and complex digital transformation of small and medium-sized automobile enterprises(automobile SMEs).This paper intends to construct a framework for the mechanism of action of the digital transformation in the automobile manufacturing industry,analyze the effects of the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,and propose feasible paths for the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the region by drawing on domestic and international experience in this regard.The specific paths include:(a)Smoothing the“dual-core”data chain to facilitate the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry;(b)Developing the new energy vehicle(NEV)industry to upgrade the quality of automobile products;(c)Achieving corner overtaking in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry with digital technology;(d)Jointly building the automobile industrial park to promote the digital transformation of the industry;(e)Addressing problems facing automobile SMEs in digital transformation via targeted policy tools.展开更多
文摘China attempts to achieve energy conservation,emission reduction and environmental protection through the implementation of the green credit policy,but its implementation impact is still controversial.An important content of the green credit policy is to require banking and financial institutions to tighten the credit exposure of industries of‘high pollution and high energy consumption’and industries with overcapacity,so as to use economic leverage to curb their blind expansion and reduce energy consumption by controlling external financing.This paper examined the impact and the lingering effects of the green credit policy on external financing,economic growth and energy consumption in the manufacturing industry,which was most influenced by the green credit policy,from 2003 to 2016 by using the DID method.Furthermore,this paper estimated the dynamic endogenous relationships among external financing,economic growth and energy consumption with two-step system GMM model to investigate the influential path of the green credit policy.The results showed that:the green credit policy had a significant negative impact on the external financing of manufacturing industry,but its negative impact on the economic growth and energy consumption of manufacturing industry was not statistically significant,and the effect of the green credit policy had a dynamic feature of weakening with time.Additionally,in the manufacturing industry,there was a bilateral causal relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth of the control group industry and the processing group industry.There was a bilateral causal relationship between the economic growth and external financing of the control group industries in the manufacturing industry.There was a unilateral causal relationship between the economic growth and external financing of the processing group industries in the manufacturing industry,while the external causality existed between the control group industries and the processing group industries in the manufacturing industry.The causal relationship between the financing and energy consumption was not statistically significant.At present,the transmission path of the green credit policy is that the green credit policy controls external financing,then affects economic growth and ultimately inhibits energy consumption,but the effectiveness of the path is not statistically significant.The conclusion of this paper provides policy reference and scientific basis for the adjustment and improvement of green credit.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71772122)。
文摘It is critical for the recovery of manufacturing industry against COVID-19 by analyzing its impact from supply chain perspective and exploring corresponding countermeasures.Firstly,this paper studies the initial impact caused by worldwide spread of the coronavirus,such as production disruption of raw material and spare parts,unsatisfied market demand due to setbacks in logistics,increasing bankruptcy risk for small and mediumsized enterprises(SMEs),and demand fluctuation enlargement.Secondly,the aftershock of COVID-19 is analyzed.With the trend of regionalization and digitalization,two-step countermeasures are proposed to help the recovery of manufacturing industry within the pandemic and better prepare for the post-COVID-19 world from supply chain perspective.
基金Humanities and Social Science Project of the Ministry of Education[grant number 12YJA790052]Scientific Research Projects in Liaoning Provincial Department of Education[grant number W2013081]Innovation Team Project of Dalian Maritime University[grant number 3132013329]
文摘In recent years,carbon emissions have gradually evolved from an environment issue into a political and economic one.Carbon tariff has brought about new trade barriers of developed countries,and in order to enhance the industrial competitiveness of developed countries,it will produce unfavorable impact on developing countries.Concentrated on the manufacturing industry,which is the most intensive high-carbon industry in China's export structure,this article studies the relationship between carbon tariff policy and industry structure of export trade and builds up a relation between climate change and international trade.First,by means of establishing a partial equilibrium model,it applies geometric analysis and mathematical analysis to compute the impact on China's manufacturing export trade and the consequences of the introduction of the US carbon tariff to China's manufacturing industry that has already imposed a domestic shipping carbon tax.Furthermore,with the application of the GTAP model,it estimates the overall economic and welfare effects on China's manufacturing industry if the US and Europe introduce carbon tariff by means of four ways,and then analyzes the influence on China's manufacturing industry export structure and social welfare as well.The result shows that the introduction of the US carbon import tariff lowers China's export price and export volume,and the implementation of a domestic carbon tax justifies a higher export price and a lower export volume for China.However,the degree of export reduction is smaller than that under the effect of the US carbon tariff.In the case of developed countries imposing carbon tariff on China's energy-intensive industries,such as chemical rubber products,oil and coal-processing industry and paper industry,whose export would be reduced,the negative impact on the paper industry is the severest,which will decrease the paper industry's export ranging from 1.79%to 6.05%,whereas the other industries' export will increase.Anyhow,it will promote China's manufacturing industry to adjust the export structure to a certain extent.In addition,it will lead to a decrease in China's welfare,with a decrease between $2,134 billion and $8,347 billion.Finally,this paper provides information on international coordination,export structure adjustment and green manufacturing adjustment as a reference for the development of China's manufacturing industry.
文摘As a form of consumption based on the digital content and traits of goods and services,digital consumption is characterized by a strong dependence on the digital technology infrastructure,precise identification of consumer demand,adaptability to new business modes,swift consumer feedback and response,and great market potentials.Under the dual driving forces of technology empowerment and consumption upgrade,China s digital consumption has been growing rapidly,digitalization is empowering traditional sectors of consumption,and the consumption of digital content is expanding.Consumer potential for digital consumption is being unleashed in low-tier cities,and new-generation consumers are gaining influence.With an increasing number of digital consumers,new consumption modes and services have proliferated thanks to the improving digital infrastructure.Growing digital consumption has created an increasing demand-pulling effect that spurs product and service innovation,corporate internal process digitalization,and changes in corporate organization and decision-making.Driven by digital consumption,industrial chain upgrade and restructuring and business mode innovations will improve user experience and firm efficiency,contributing to the quality,efficiency,and dynamism of the manufacturing industry.Amid surging digital consumption,the digital transition of manufacturing is still faced with some problems and challenges.It is important to deepen the user-centric concepts and modes of value creation,create a differentiated service system,optimize digital resource allocation,enhance digital brand management,and scale up R&D and innovation of products and services.
基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.XDA05010400 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41271547, No.41401644
文摘Factory-level data from 23 provinces and some national statistical data in cement manufacturing industry and socio-economies in 2012 are used to analyze the spatial distribution of exergy use for China＇s cement manufacturing industry by the Extended Exergy Accounting method. This method takes full account of the inclusion of energy and raw material supply and other external factors （capital, labor and environment） into a comprehensive resource cost assessment. The extended exergy consumption and its intensity quantitatively at the provincial levels of cement production were calculated and then the agglomeration level of exergy use at the regional level was also evaluated. Based on this analysis, their spatial difference in size and efficiency of exergy use at the provincial level were identified. Moreover, their regional characteristics were revealed. Some important results could be drawn as follows. First, the invisible social cost accounted for 1/10 of the total exergy use in cement manufacturing industry, while the energy element shared about 9/10. Second, the gross distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry was mainly concentrated in the eastern region like Anhui and Shandong provinces, and in the western region like Sichuan province. In terms of exergy use, the coal and electricity were the highest of energy costs in the eastern region, whereas the cost of capital, labor and external environmental factors highlighted the invisible social cost for cement production in the central and western regions to some extent. Third, the efficiency distribution of exergy use in China＇s cement manufacturing industry illustrated an incremental feature from west to east, especially for the energy, labor and capital efficiencies. An evaluation on the environmental efficiency indicated that provinces or regions like Tibet, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi have undertaken much higher environmental costs. Fourth, the 23 provinces could be classified into eight groups by the Euclidean distance model using the gross and efficiency results of exergy use. Fifth, the high industry concentration degree is the main driving factor of exergy efficiency improvement for cement manufacturing industry in China.
基金supported by 2016 Jiangsu provincial university philosophy and social science research project (Grant No. 2016SJD790032)
文摘Under the new normal economy, the manufacturing industry is developing rapidly as the focus of economic development in Jiangsu. Its rapid development has brought great opportunities to our society, but at the same time, great challenges has been brought to the natural environment. The resource consumption and environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. In the face of this situation, we must try every means to reduce pollution and save energy. Therefore, the transition trend of manufacturing industry in the future is bound to take the green economy as the background. Thus, this paper analyzes the drawbacks of the manufacturing industry in Jiangsu province. And the status of traditional manufacturing enterprises and advantages of green manufacturing are analyzed. Then, the paper proposed to explore the practice of green manufacturing mode for the ecological protection, so as to achieve the industrial transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry in Jiangsu province.
文摘Sub-prime lending crisis has become an international fi nancial crisis, which is evolving into an economic recession sweeping across the West. Financial crisis leads to the demand reduction in western countries, and as the largest manufacturing country, China must face overproduction. The role of China as "world factory" determines that fi nancial crisis will severely attack Chinese manufacturing industry. The unsustainable development of Chinese manufacturing industry is mainly reflected in the following aspects: heavy dependence on export, low-level manufacturing link, lack of modern service industry and high-tech industry, weak independent innovative ability, unsustainable exploration of heavy-pollution resources, and lack of international famous brands. How to transform crisis to opportunities is an urgent research topic. Under the circumstance of financial crisis, Chinese manufacturing industry has more external drives to change the current situation. Therefore, financial crisis becomes not only an opportunity for Chinese manufacturing industry to improve itself based on the existing accumulation but also a chance for China to transform from "world factory" into a powerful nation of manufacturing industry in the world.
文摘With the development of information and communications technology,the sharing economy grows dramatically.For example,the transaction value in China’s sharing economy was about 42942 billion RMB in 2018,increased of 41.6%over the previous year.Critique of the sharing economy points that the presence of the sharing economy prevents its traditional counterpart from developing sustainably by creating unemployment in traditional industries related to the sharing economy.This paper is therefore to study the dual effect of the sharing economy on the restructuring the manufacturing industry and the development of career path.By constructing an economic model,we particularly investigate the change in the labor market structure due to the presence of the sharing economy and the welfare in such a case.We show that the presence of the sharing economy can bring two effects,i.e.,DIVERSIFICATION and INCLUSIVENESS,into the workplace,which enriches the job structure and allows more labor with relative low skills to join.Regardless of the labor skill,the rapid development of the sharing economy provides new paths for their career development.In addition,we demonstrate that the above two effects crucially rely on the characteristic of CORRECTNESS of the government’s policy.The results of the theoretical model explain the necessary of promoting moderate sharing economy in terms of career development and can also be applied in the traditional manufacturing industry to explain the effect of the sharing economy on such industry.
文摘Based on panel data from 16 cities in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2022,and grounded in theoretical analysis,this paper constructs a benchmark regression model,a mediating effect model,and a heterogeneity test for empirical analysis.The results show that:(1)the digital economy has a significant positive effect on promoting the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Shandong Province;(2)the digital economy can drive the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry through technological innovation;and(3)the impact of the digital economy on the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in Shandong Province is evidently heterogeneous.
文摘This paper addressed the international transferring t endency of manufacturing industry one by one as follows: (1) The developed count ries realize manufacturing industry structure upgrade reling on worldwide tr ansference not only domestic transference. On one hand, the TNCs make cross-inv estments, transnational merger & acquisition so as to achieve the optimum colloc ation of R&D resources, and obtain innovation in knowledge and technology. On th e other hand, the developed countries transfer labor and resource intensive indu stry as well as the labor-intensive link of the production chain in highly tech nology industry to the developing countries, to make their industrial structure escalation. (2) The adjustment and upgrade of manufacturing industry presents "m ulti-step type". First, the object of international transference substitutes th e capital-intensive industry and maturing industry with complicate technique fo r the industry with labor-intensive, simple technique or higher pollution, or s ubstitutes non-core complex technological procedure and parts and components fo r assembly in manufacturing process. Secondly, technology transference forms "br ain-hand and foot" pattern, i.e. the developed countries are increasingly p aying more and more attention to the research and control of core technology, th us transferring simple technique and labor-intensive procedure in higher scienc e and technology. Thirdly, the developed countries begins to transfer both capit al and technology intensive production, as well as transfer certain procedures i n higher technology production process to a few developing countries, even t o transfer parts of R & D to developing countries. (3) TNCs promote the global m anufacturing network (GMN) by recombination and transfer. TNCs organize producti on, trade, technological research and transference through foreign direct invest ment (FDI) all over the world, as a result, GMN makes the national competence no longer depend on absolute occupation of certain industries, but on national com prehensive strength and comparative superiority. TNCs try to race to seize the h igher location of industrial value chain, only leaving the core technology and h igher value-added chains in mother countries, on the other hand, they transfer lower manufacturing power more and more to other countries. (4) TNCs transfer th eir domestic manufacturing bases abroad, China would become world- manufacturin g center. Chinese market is increasingly arousing foreign investor’s interest, " Made in China" will be a synonym of manufacturing industry in new century, subst ituting for "Made in U.S.", "Made in Japanese" and "Made in Europe". The Chinese manufacturing industry should hold tightly the opportunity to melt into the wor ldwide recombination and transfer and enter GMN, so as to accomplish leaping dev elopment.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.70971095)the Ministry of Science and Technology Foundation of China(No.2012IM040500)the Doctoral Scientific Fund Project of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20120032110035)
文摘In order to explore the characteristics and development strategies of Chinese manufacturing production system, the grey forecasting model GM( 1,1) and the grey verhulst dynamic model were built firstly. The prediction results show that Chinese manufacturing productivity would reach $ 32 806 per person in 2018,which indicates rapid development and lays the foundation for China to become the world's manufacturing power since the reform and opening up. However, it is predicted that Chinese manufacturing productivity would peak in 2018 based on the grey verhulst dynamic model,which reveals the resource configuration mode of Chinese manufacturing system could not prop up its increasing manufacturing capability. Furthermore the main reasons of this phenomenon were explored,which could be summarized as the lack of accumulation,integration of industrial engineering( IE)and information technology( IT), promoting mechanism of IE application as well as integration model of management innovation and technology innovation,etc. Finally,a series of strategies based on IE theory to solve these problems were given. This study provides an effective way to deal with the challenges and opportunities facing the Chinese manufacturing industry,meanwhile,it may contribute to the theoretical system of IE.
文摘This paper presents the importance of innovation in t he manufacturing enterprise and the need for the engineering education to conver ge with research and innovation. In pursuit of the ultimate manufacturing proces s. Change is inevitable which constantly creates new demands on both engineers a nd the educational system. These demands are consistent with the economic, cultu ral, and social evolution, which finally influence the end technology. In parall el, the change in industrial heating is imminent due to the rises in the cost of fossil fuel and the environmental considerations. Microwave processing offers t he process industry an alternative with some distinct advantages.
文摘The orderly transfer of the manufacturing industry is a major action in China’s industrial restructuring.From the perspective of industrial transfer,we used the concentration ratio to depict the trend of the industrial transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing in the eastern,central,and western regions since the policy of large-scale development of western China was implemented.We measured the total factor productivity(TFP)of western China using the DEAMalmquist index method.We conducted a regression analysis to measure the effect of western China’s undertaking of the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry.The findings of this study show that during 2000–2019,eleven provinces(as well as autonomous regions and municipalities)in western China undertook the transfer of the energy-intensive manufacturing industry from the eastern and central regions to varying degrees,exhibiting significant phase features regarding the rate and scale of transfers.Further investigation also demonstrated that the transfer of energy-intensive manufacturing industries has a U-shaped enabling effect on TFP in western China with the scale effect greater than the technology effect.Therefore,it is necessary to transition from“extensive industrial transfer”at the cost of the labor force,land,and resources to“modern industrial transfer”featured by technology and efficiency improvements to contribute to industrial restructuring in western China effectively.
文摘The aim is to examine how the creative sectors and professionals contribute to the manufacturing industry and agribusiness in the new era of globalization.Creative sectors can develop innovations and experiences as part of their own activities,as well as procedures,technologies,and routines in business models,which increase the efficiency or the quality of the results.Creative professionals can support innovation and the generation of experiences.
文摘The paper analyses and researches the contribution degrees of Hubei equipment manufacturing industry to the national economy. Using econometric methods, it carries out regression and empirical research, and finds that the contributions of Hubei equipment manufacturing industry to the national economy is very obvious in recent years, however there is plenty of room for development.
文摘The manufacturing sector in China has surpassed that of the United States in terms of scale.Yet it still suffers from the shocks of an international economic downturn,the lack of core technologies,and the impact of "re-industrialization" of the developed economies.Based on an evaluation of the "smiling curve" theory and selected trade data from 1991 to 2011,this paper performs a comparative analysis of the differences between the manufacturing sectors of China and those of the traditional manufacturing powers in terms of product categories and architecture.This analysis is conducted in order to explore the question of whether China should transition from being the "world's manufacturing plant" to both ends of the "smiling curve".The paper then introduces Japan's "inverted smiling curve " to explore whether profit margins remain in the manufacturing sector.Research shows that China's manufacturing capacity,especially its "integrated" product assembly capacity,has not been fully realized,and that the development of the manufacturing sector can still yield high market returns.As a result,it is necessary for China to continue the path of being the "world's manufacturing plant".
文摘Nowadays,China has become the country that introduces the largest amount of foreign capital.Up to June 2008,the accumulative total number of foreign- invested enterprises in China is over 632 thousand:the total amount of actual use of foreign capital is over US$582 billion.There are over 400 multination- als of top 500 investing in China,30 of which set up regional headquarters。
文摘The re-establishment of the Hong Kong manufacturin g industry as a local pillar of economy is vital in the restructuring of the e conomy in Hong Kong. The SMEs should play a key role in such a process. It requi res major changes to take place in the operation of the enterprises in order to enhance their competitiveness and therefore the chance of success in the restruc turing process. It is suggested that the strategy of going for high value-added products and related services together with the practice of "focused factory" s hould be adopted by the SMEs in the industry. Effective change management by the top managers and owners in the SMEs is an underpinning element for the success. Basing upon the characteristics of the SMEs in the industry, a model of change is proposed. The roles that should be played by the top management and owners in the industry are suggested and discussed. It is believe that the proposal and s uggestions made would help the industry to effectively manage the changes that a re necessary for the industry to shape the competitiveness of the industry in th e world arena in future.
文摘Along with the development oflntemet plus and information technology, the future industrial pattern will appear new change. The Internet represents a new economic model, and it uses the results of the development of the developed communication technology and the Internet platform with the existing various areas of known and unknown fields of social and economic to integration depth, giving full play to the advantages of integration, enhancing the innovation ability of the economic and the production adaptability, to create more new opportunities, thus forming a sustainable excellent ecosystem.
文摘With a long industrial chain and a powerful ability to drive other industries,the automobile manufacturing industry has a prominent strategic position in the national economy.In recent years,many countries have put on their agenda the digitalization of the automobile manufacturing industry,leading to an connected,autonomous,shared,and electric(also known as CASE)①development trend in the industry.As one of the six major automobile industry clusters in China,the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle has achieved initial results in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry.However,the region is still faced with some constraints,such as insufficient digital infrastructure,relatively slow development of new automobile products,insufficient innovation ability of the automobile industry,and complex digital transformation of small and medium-sized automobile enterprises(automobile SMEs).This paper intends to construct a framework for the mechanism of action of the digital transformation in the automobile manufacturing industry,analyze the effects of the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle,and propose feasible paths for the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry in the region by drawing on domestic and international experience in this regard.The specific paths include:(a)Smoothing the“dual-core”data chain to facilitate the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry;(b)Developing the new energy vehicle(NEV)industry to upgrade the quality of automobile products;(c)Achieving corner overtaking in the digital transformation of the automobile manufacturing industry with digital technology;(d)Jointly building the automobile industrial park to promote the digital transformation of the industry;(e)Addressing problems facing automobile SMEs in digital transformation via targeted policy tools.
