DeepSeek,a Chinese artificial intelligence(AI)startup based in Hangzhou,was founded by Wenfeng Liang in late 2023.Its AI model,DeepSeek-R1,launched in January 2025,has garnered significant global attention for its cap...DeepSeek,a Chinese artificial intelligence(AI)startup based in Hangzhou,was founded by Wenfeng Liang in late 2023.Its AI model,DeepSeek-R1,launched in January 2025,has garnered significant global attention for its capabilities,which rival those of Google and OpenAI.展开更多
There has been much recent interest in the origin of intermediate lava and several hypotheses are: 1) direct melting of the mantle under water-saturated conditions, 2) partial melting of altered crust, 3) fractional c...There has been much recent interest in the origin of intermediate lava and several hypotheses are: 1) direct melting of the mantle under water-saturated conditions, 2) partial melting of altered crust, 3) fractional crystallization of parent magma, and 4) magma mixing of mafic magmas with dacitic/rhyolitic magmas. Volcanic rocks series ranging from basaltic andesite to dacite(SiO_2 ranges from 53.8 to 63.0 wt.%) from the eastern Manus Basin were detected for major and trace element compositions to understand their origin. Low H_2O contents, positive correlations of La-SiO_2 and Yb-SiO_2, oxygen isotope data and the indistinct change of trace element concentrations in oscillatory zoning of plagioclase phenocrysts rule out the models in which silicic lava results from direct melting of hydrous mantle, partial melting of altered oceanic crust or gabbros, and magma mixing, respectively. Besides, the geochemical data of whole rock and melt inclusions indicate that fractional crystallization plays a dominant role in generating the intermediate lava with subduction features.展开更多
Polymetallic sulfides from two hydrothermal chimneys and talus deposit from the Vienna Woods field of Manus Basin were studied for mineralogy,elemental composition,and S-isotope ratio to understand their evolution.The...Polymetallic sulfides from two hydrothermal chimneys and talus deposit from the Vienna Woods field of Manus Basin were studied for mineralogy,elemental composition,and S-isotope ratio to understand their evolution.The factors including the nature of source fluid,mineral paragenesis,and related geochemical processes have been discussed.Mineralogy and elemental concentration of Cu and Fe-rich large chimney at the central part of this hydrothermal field was completely different from the smaller Zn-rich peripheral chimney and Fe-rich talus deposit,suggesting the variable degree of alterations generate physico-chemically different source fluids responsible for these hydrothermal structures.Similarly,S-isotope ratios also indicate chemically diverse fluids and different modes of precipitation were involved in their evolution.Distinct mineral zonings and associated elemental and isotopic compositions within individual deposit confirm paragenetic shifts were involved during their growth process.展开更多
This paper reports silicon and oxygen isotopes of 20 kinds of igneous rocks and their major elements from the eastern Manus Basin. Combining silicon and oxygen isotopic data from other studies, we suppose that both δ...This paper reports silicon and oxygen isotopes of 20 kinds of igneous rocks and their major elements from the eastern Manus Basin. Combining silicon and oxygen isotopic data from other studies, we suppose that both δ30Si and δ18O values increase with the increasing of SiO2 content. It means that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are affected by the silica content. The positive correlation between CaO/Al2O3 ratios and MgO and that between Si/Al and SiO2 content indicate that clinopyroxene is the predominant mineral phase in our samples. We suppose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are influenced by mineral fractional crystallization. Probably, it is due to their different silicon and oxygen bridges. In this study, the δ30Simean value=-0.17‰±0.17‰ and δ18Omean value= +6.07‰±0.57‰ are higher than normal δ30Si and δ18O values of mantle, and we propose that these igneous rocks in the eastern Manus Basin are affected by hydrothermal alteration.展开更多
To understand the petrogenesis and magma evolution history in the Eastern Manus Basin(EMB),geochemistry of pyroxene and plagioclase mineral phenocrysts in basaltic andesites and dacites were reported.The plagioclase-m...To understand the petrogenesis and magma evolution history in the Eastern Manus Basin(EMB),geochemistry of pyroxene and plagioclase mineral phenocrysts in basaltic andesites and dacites were reported.The plagioclase-melt thermometry showed that,plagioclase in dacites crystalized in 1027.2–1028.5°C under 3.37–5.08 kbar,whereas in basaltic andesite was 1181.4–1187.0°C under 1.79–4.46 kbar.Pyroxene compositions and invariable La/Sm vs La values of whole rock powders indicate that lavas were erupted in rapid cooling rate and mainly controlled by fractional crystallization(FC).In addition,oscillatory zonings in plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts indicated small local perturbations and degassing episodes in the magma chamber.Some high Mg#clinopyroxene antecrysts were found in EMB lavas.The highest Mg#of parental EMB melts is 69,which falls into the range of initial partial melts from upper mantle peridotite source(68–75).In terms of isotopic compositions,the EMB lavas most likely originated from Indian-type MORB mantle which was infl uenced by subduction components.In details,the subduction components are mainly derived from the dehydration of a subducted altered oceanic crust,and the contribution of sediment infl uence is minor.The Pb isotopic compositions and end member modeling further suggest that the source of subduction components is more likely from the Pacifi c Plate instead of the Solomon Plate.展开更多
In the evolutionary process of socio-cultural structure,various“memories”and codes have been created as a collection of interpretations,rules,and regulations made by various experts in social,cultural,political,and ...In the evolutionary process of socio-cultural structure,various“memories”and codes have been created as a collection of interpretations,rules,and regulations made by various experts in social,cultural,political,and religious leaders including kings,emperors,and sages.In these contexts,this article is focused to analyze the status,power,and authority of females in terms of the explanation of Manu Smriti in the structural-functional perspective.Mostly secondary and qualitative data have been used in this article.The data have been collected through the historical content analysis method.To obtain the objective,the facts have been collected from the verses of Manu Smriti(which are related to female issues)and historical interpretation of ancient society.Collected secondary data have been analyzed through the historical content analysis method.According to the structural-functional point of view,due to the socio-cultural environment of the time in which the laws and regulations related to women have to be made,these issues seem to be more relevant,such as the permission of men for functioning,child marriage,etc.Analyzing the issues from a patriarchal point of view,the law of the time was in favor of women’s inequality and exploitation of women.The theory of patriarchy mentions that women are oppressed,exploited,and subjugated by men in the patriarchal social structure.The facts of Manu Smriti,such as women as the gods,as an indicator of respect,as a symbol of the progress,etc.,are not congruent to the explanation of the theory of patriarchy.展开更多
The mineralogical and micromorphological characteristics of Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides from the dacite-hosted PACMANUS hydrothermal field were analyzed.The samples are poorly crystallized Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides with minor...The mineralogical and micromorphological characteristics of Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides from the dacite-hosted PACMANUS hydrothermal field were analyzed.The samples are poorly crystallized Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides with minor birnessite, todorokite, nontronite, goethite, and opal-A.There are some microtextures which are rather like fossil microbes such as the filamentous silica and the hollow pipes.Flakes of nontronite crystals are found either forming a honeycomb texture or distrib- uted on the surface of the hollow pipes.Nontronite is the product precipitated from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, and microbes may play a role in its formation.Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides have two kinds of nuclei: Si-Mn nuclei and Si nuclei, both enveloped by the similar Si-Fe outer layer, existing in the rod-shaped oxyhydroxide and spheroidal oxyhydroxide, respectively.In the Si-Mn nuclei, the concentration of SiO2 is between 39.32 wt% and 86.31 wt%, and MnO concentration is between 4.97 wt% and 27.01 wt%, but Fe2O3 concentration is very low (0.54 wt%-3.43 wt%).In the Si nucleus the concentration of SiO2 is 90.17 wt%, but concentration of MnO and Fe2O3 are low, with 0.06 wt% and 3.47 wt%, respectively.The formation of the Si-Mn nucleus is closely related to microbes, whereas the Si nucleus is of inorganic origin.展开更多
文摘DeepSeek,a Chinese artificial intelligence(AI)startup based in Hangzhou,was founded by Wenfeng Liang in late 2023.Its AI model,DeepSeek-R1,launched in January 2025,has garnered significant global attention for its capabilities,which rival those of Google and OpenAI.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB429700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 4132 5021, 41306053, 40476044)+8 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No XDA11030302)the Special Fund for the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (No. ts201511061)the AoShan Talents Program Supported by Qingdao Nationa Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (No. 2015 ASTP-0S17)the Innovative Talent Promotion Program (No. 2012RA2191)the Science and Technology Devel opment Program of Shandong Province (No. 2013GRC 31502)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project Financially Supported by Qingdao National Labora tory for Marine Science and Technology (No. 2015ASKJ 03)the National High Level Talent Special Support Programthe CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teamsthe Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology
文摘There has been much recent interest in the origin of intermediate lava and several hypotheses are: 1) direct melting of the mantle under water-saturated conditions, 2) partial melting of altered crust, 3) fractional crystallization of parent magma, and 4) magma mixing of mafic magmas with dacitic/rhyolitic magmas. Volcanic rocks series ranging from basaltic andesite to dacite(SiO_2 ranges from 53.8 to 63.0 wt.%) from the eastern Manus Basin were detected for major and trace element compositions to understand their origin. Low H_2O contents, positive correlations of La-SiO_2 and Yb-SiO_2, oxygen isotope data and the indistinct change of trace element concentrations in oscillatory zoning of plagioclase phenocrysts rule out the models in which silicic lava results from direct melting of hydrous mantle, partial melting of altered oceanic crust or gabbros, and magma mixing, respectively. Besides, the geochemical data of whole rock and melt inclusions indicate that fractional crystallization plays a dominant role in generating the intermediate lava with subduction features.
基金The GEOSINK project funded by CSIR,Indiathe CSIR-NIO contribution No.6111
文摘Polymetallic sulfides from two hydrothermal chimneys and talus deposit from the Vienna Woods field of Manus Basin were studied for mineralogy,elemental composition,and S-isotope ratio to understand their evolution.The factors including the nature of source fluid,mineral paragenesis,and related geochemical processes have been discussed.Mineralogy and elemental concentration of Cu and Fe-rich large chimney at the central part of this hydrothermal field was completely different from the smaller Zn-rich peripheral chimney and Fe-rich talus deposit,suggesting the variable degree of alterations generate physico-chemically different source fluids responsible for these hydrothermal structures.Similarly,S-isotope ratios also indicate chemically diverse fluids and different modes of precipitation were involved in their evolution.Distinct mineral zonings and associated elemental and isotopic compositions within individual deposit confirm paragenetic shifts were involved during their growth process.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB429700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40976027, 40830849 and 40906029)Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No. JQ200913)
文摘This paper reports silicon and oxygen isotopes of 20 kinds of igneous rocks and their major elements from the eastern Manus Basin. Combining silicon and oxygen isotopic data from other studies, we suppose that both δ30Si and δ18O values increase with the increasing of SiO2 content. It means that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are affected by the silica content. The positive correlation between CaO/Al2O3 ratios and MgO and that between Si/Al and SiO2 content indicate that clinopyroxene is the predominant mineral phase in our samples. We suppose that the fractionation of silicon and oxygen isotopes are influenced by mineral fractional crystallization. Probably, it is due to their different silicon and oxygen bridges. In this study, the δ30Simean value=-0.17‰±0.17‰ and δ18Omean value= +6.07‰±0.57‰ are higher than normal δ30Si and δ18O values of mantle, and we propose that these igneous rocks in the eastern Manus Basin are affected by hydrothermal alteration.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.XDB42020303,XDA11030302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41576055)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2013CB429702)。
文摘To understand the petrogenesis and magma evolution history in the Eastern Manus Basin(EMB),geochemistry of pyroxene and plagioclase mineral phenocrysts in basaltic andesites and dacites were reported.The plagioclase-melt thermometry showed that,plagioclase in dacites crystalized in 1027.2–1028.5°C under 3.37–5.08 kbar,whereas in basaltic andesite was 1181.4–1187.0°C under 1.79–4.46 kbar.Pyroxene compositions and invariable La/Sm vs La values of whole rock powders indicate that lavas were erupted in rapid cooling rate and mainly controlled by fractional crystallization(FC).In addition,oscillatory zonings in plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts indicated small local perturbations and degassing episodes in the magma chamber.Some high Mg#clinopyroxene antecrysts were found in EMB lavas.The highest Mg#of parental EMB melts is 69,which falls into the range of initial partial melts from upper mantle peridotite source(68–75).In terms of isotopic compositions,the EMB lavas most likely originated from Indian-type MORB mantle which was infl uenced by subduction components.In details,the subduction components are mainly derived from the dehydration of a subducted altered oceanic crust,and the contribution of sediment infl uence is minor.The Pb isotopic compositions and end member modeling further suggest that the source of subduction components is more likely from the Pacifi c Plate instead of the Solomon Plate.
文摘In the evolutionary process of socio-cultural structure,various“memories”and codes have been created as a collection of interpretations,rules,and regulations made by various experts in social,cultural,political,and religious leaders including kings,emperors,and sages.In these contexts,this article is focused to analyze the status,power,and authority of females in terms of the explanation of Manu Smriti in the structural-functional perspective.Mostly secondary and qualitative data have been used in this article.The data have been collected through the historical content analysis method.To obtain the objective,the facts have been collected from the verses of Manu Smriti(which are related to female issues)and historical interpretation of ancient society.Collected secondary data have been analyzed through the historical content analysis method.According to the structural-functional point of view,due to the socio-cultural environment of the time in which the laws and regulations related to women have to be made,these issues seem to be more relevant,such as the permission of men for functioning,child marriage,etc.Analyzing the issues from a patriarchal point of view,the law of the time was in favor of women’s inequality and exploitation of women.The theory of patriarchy mentions that women are oppressed,exploited,and subjugated by men in the patriarchal social structure.The facts of Manu Smriti,such as women as the gods,as an indicator of respect,as a symbol of the progress,etc.,are not congruent to the explanation of the theory of patriarchy.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40830849)National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2013CB429700)+1 种基金Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China for Distin-guished Young Scholars(Grant No.JQ200913)the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovation Project,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-211)
文摘The mineralogical and micromorphological characteristics of Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides from the dacite-hosted PACMANUS hydrothermal field were analyzed.The samples are poorly crystallized Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides with minor birnessite, todorokite, nontronite, goethite, and opal-A.There are some microtextures which are rather like fossil microbes such as the filamentous silica and the hollow pipes.Flakes of nontronite crystals are found either forming a honeycomb texture or distrib- uted on the surface of the hollow pipes.Nontronite is the product precipitated from low-temperature hydrothermal fluids, and microbes may play a role in its formation.Si-Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides have two kinds of nuclei: Si-Mn nuclei and Si nuclei, both enveloped by the similar Si-Fe outer layer, existing in the rod-shaped oxyhydroxide and spheroidal oxyhydroxide, respectively.In the Si-Mn nuclei, the concentration of SiO2 is between 39.32 wt% and 86.31 wt%, and MnO concentration is between 4.97 wt% and 27.01 wt%, but Fe2O3 concentration is very low (0.54 wt%-3.43 wt%).In the Si nucleus the concentration of SiO2 is 90.17 wt%, but concentration of MnO and Fe2O3 are low, with 0.06 wt% and 3.47 wt%, respectively.The formation of the Si-Mn nucleus is closely related to microbes, whereas the Si nucleus is of inorganic origin.
